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1

Pirri, Carmelo, Nina Pirri, Chiara Ferraretto, et al. "Ultrasound Imaging of the Superficial and Deep Fasciae Thickness of Upper Limbs in Lymphedema Patients Versus Healthy Subjects." Diagnostics 14, no. 23 (2024): 2697. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14232697.

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Background/Objectives: Lymphedema, a common source of disability among oncology patients, necessitates continuous targeted rehabilitation. Recent studies have revealed the role of connective tissue in this pathology; however, despite existing research on ultrasound (US) use in lymphedema, no studies have specifically addressed the use of ultrasound to assess fasciae in patients with lymphedema. This study aims to provide a more objective characterization of typical US alterations in these patients by quantifying the thickness of superficial and deep fasciae and comparing them with those of hea
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F Sutter Latorre, Gustavo. "Liberacao miofascial pelvica profunda (Manobra do Ligamento Largo) associada ou nao ao LPF." Revista Brasileira de Fisioterapia Pelvica 2, no. 1 (2022): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.62115/rbfp.2022.2(1)4-15.

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Background: Among genitopelvic pain is the pain deep into the vagina and deeper than the uterine cervix, different from pain related to penetration or superficial connective pain. Aims: To test the view of abdominal and pelvic fascia, muscles and viscera by ultrasound (USG), as well as the view of two myofascial techniques, one intravaginal and the other external, and diaphragmatic aspiration of LPF, comparing the effectiveness of each technique alone or in combination, regarding the mobilization of visceral and parietal fasciae. Method: Exploratory experimental study guided by USG. Results: M
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Pirri, Carmelo, Nina Pirri, Andrea Porzionato, Rafael Boscolo-Berto, Raffaele De Caro, and Carla Stecco. "Inter- and Intra-Rater Reliability of Ultrasound Measurements of Superficial and Deep Fasciae Thickness in Upper Limb." Diagnostics 12, no. 9 (2022): 2195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12092195.

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Ultrasound (US) imaging is increasingly the most used tool to measure the thickness of superficial and deep fasciae, but there are still some doubts about its reliability in this type of measurement. The current study sets out to assess the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of US measurements of superficial and deep fasciae thicknesses in the arm and forearm. The study involved two raters: the first (R1) is an expert in skeletal–muscle US imaging and, in particular, the US assessment of fasciae; the second (R2) is a radiologist resident with 1 year’s experience in skeletal–muscle US imag
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Fede, Caterina, Claudia Clair, Carmelo Pirri, et al. "The Human Superficial Fascia: A Narrative Review." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 3 (2025): 1289. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26031289.

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In recent years, the interest in the comprehension of the fasciae has significantly grown, together with the necessity of finding a consensus for a terminology of the fasciae in the research and clinical fields. Furthermore, it is becoming necessary to categorize the various types of fascia (superficial, deep, visceral, neural) since they possess different anatomical characteristics, and are implicated in different pathophysiological pathways. While in the past we have described the deep/muscular fascia, the aim of this work is to summarize and catalog the information relating to the human sup
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Constantinescu, Gheorghe M., and Robert C. McClure. "Anatomy of the orbital fasciae and the third eyelid in dogs." American Journal of Veterinary Research 51, no. 2 (1990): 260–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1990.51.02.260.

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SUMMARY The connective tissue structures commonly referred to as the periorbita, orbital septum, muscular fasciae, and vagina bulbi or collectively, as the orbital fasciae were dissected then illustrated and described. Two sheets (layers) of the periorbita (endorbita) were found in our dogs. The periorbita should be renamed endorbita because of its anatomic relations. The periorbita did not always fuse with the periosteum of frontal and sphenoid bones. Rather, the periorbita and the periosteum were often distinct and separate; only medioventrally did several fibrous bands unite the superficial
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Skandalakis, Panagiotis N., Odyseas Zoras, John E. Skandalakis, and Petros Mirilas. "Transversalis, Endoabdominal, Endothoracic Fascia: Who's Who?" American Surgeon 72, no. 1 (2006): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313480607200104.

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In Terminologia Anatomica of 1998, the fasciae of the trunk are listed as parietal, extraserosal, and visceral. Parietal fascia is defined as the fascia located outside the parietal layer of a serosa (e.g., pleura, peritoneum) lining a body wall cavity. The parietal fascia of the thorax is endothoracic fascia, and that of the abdomen is endoabdominal fascia. According to Terminologia Anatomica, endoabdominal fascia comprises: 1) transversalis fascia and 2) investing abdominal fascia: deep, intermediate and superficial. Thus, transversalis fascia is the innermost layer of endoabdominal fascia a
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Nash, Lance, Helen D. Nicholson, and Ming Zhang. "Does the Investing Layer of the Deep Cervical Fascia Exist?" Anesthesiology 103, no. 5 (2005): 962–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200511000-00010.

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Background The placement of the superficial cervical plexus block has been the subject of controversy. Although the investing cervical fascia has been considered as an impenetrable barrier, clinically, the placement of the block deep or superficial to the fascia provides the same effective anesthesia. The underlying mechanism is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the three-dimensional organization of connective tissues in the anterior region of the neck. Methods Using a combination of dissection, E12 sheet plastination, and confocal microscopy, fascial structures in the anterior
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8

Kim, Jong-Seo. "Efficacy, Safety, and Longevity of Hyaluronic Acid Filler Injection in Treating Temple Hollowness by Sonographic Identifying 17 Soft Tissue Layers." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 12, no. 9 (2024): e6154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000006154.

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Background: Successful aesthetic interventions in upper-face aging require a profound understanding of the intricate anatomy of temporal. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) injection in temple areas by combining quantitative analysis with detailed anatomical insights. Methods: Twenty-five women received HA injections for temple hollowness. The injections targeted the interfacial layer between superficial and deep temporal fascia. Three-dimensional scanning, hollowness examination, and sonographic measurements were conducted 3 and 6 months postproced
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9

Chen, David Z., Aravinda Ganapathy, Yash Nayak, et al. "Analysis of Superficial Subcutaneous Fat Camper’s and Scarpa’s Fascia in a United States Cohort." Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease 10, no. 8 (2023): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcdd10080347.

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Together, the Camper’s and Scarpa’s fasciae form the superficial fat layer of the abdominal wall. Though they have clinical and surgical relevance, little is known about their role in body composition across diverse patient populations. This study aimed to determine the relationship between patient characteristics, including sex and body mass index, and the distribution of Camper’s and Scarpa’s fascial layers in the abdominal wall. A total of 458 patients’ abdominal CT examinations were segmented via CoreSlicer 1.0 to determine the surface area of each patient’s Camper’s, Scarpa’s, and viscera
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10

Opperer, Mathias, Reinhard Kaufmann, Matthias Meissnitzer, et al. "Depth of cervical plexus block and phrenic nerve blockade: a randomized trial." Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine 47, no. 4 (2022): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2021-102851.

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Background and objectivesCervical plexus blocks are commonly used to facilitate carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in the awake patient. These blocks can be divided into superficial, intermediate, and deep blocks by their relation to the fasciae of the neck. We hypothesized that the depth of block would have a significant impact on phrenic nerve blockade and consequently hemi-diaphragmatic motion.MethodsWe enrolled 45 patients in an observer blinded randomized controlled trial, scheduled for elective, awake CEA. Patients received either deep, intermediate, or superficial cervical plexus blocks, usin
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11

Magerl, Walter, Emanuela Thalacker, Simon Vogel, et al. "Tenderness of the Skin after Chemical Stimulation of Underlying Temporal and Thoracolumbar Fasciae Reveals Somatosensory Crosstalk between Superficial and Deep Tissues." Life 11, no. 5 (2021): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11050370.

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Musculoskeletal pain is often associated with pain referred to adjacent areas or skin. So far, no study has analyzed the somatosensory changes of the skin after the stimulation of different underlying fasciae. The current study aimed to investigate heterotopic somatosensory crosstalk between deep tissue (muscle or fascia) and superficial tissue (skin) using two established models of deep tissue pain (namely focal high frequency electrical stimulation (HFS) (100 pulses of constant current electrical stimulation at 10× detection threshold) or the injection of hypertonic saline in stimulus locati
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12

Zhang, Ming, and Antonio S. J. Lee. "The Investing Layer of the Deep Cervical Fascia does not Exist between the Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius Muscles." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 127, no. 5 (2002): 452–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mhn.2002.129823.

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OBJECTIVE: We sought to describe the 3-dimensional organization of connective tissues in the suboccipital region. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We conducted a sectional anatomic investigation with the use of E12 sheet plastination. SUBJECTS: Six human adult cadavers (2 male and 4 female; age range, 54 to 86 years) were used in this study. Five of them were sectioned as 2.5-mm-thick coronal (1 cadaver), transverse (2 cadavers), or sagittal (2 cadavers) sections. RESULTS: No aggregation of fibrous connective tissue was seen between the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. The intervening space
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13

Khmara, T., N. Kuzniak, M. Ryznychuk, I. Zamorskii, H. Chernikova, and A. Petryuk. "CLINICAL ANATOMY OF THE ORAL CAVITY FLOOR." Clinical anatomy and operative surgery 23, no. 4 (2024): 120–29. https://doi.org/10.24061/1727-0847.23.4.2024.77.

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Modern development of dentistry and maxillofacial surgery requires thorough basic morphological studies of the oral cavity and surrounding tissues, as well as generalization of existing literature data. The analysis of modern scientific literature allows us to conclude that, despite a number of scientific anatomical works, the determination of ontogenetic transformations and individual anatomical variability of muscles and fasciae, blood vessels and nerves of the human oral cavity floor are topical issues of modern medicine. The floor of the mouth is a complex of soft tissues (muscles, fascia,
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14

Polselli, Roberto, Dario Bertossi, Charles East, Olivier Gerbault, and Yves Saban. "Facial Layers and Facial Fat Compartments: Focus on Midcheek Area." Facial Plastic Surgery 33, no. 05 (2017): 470–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1606855.

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AbstractFacial cosmetic procedures are doubtless in constant augmentation directly related to fillers and botulinum toxin injections. Many articles are published in the literature to warn about the complications of these aesthetic procedures. The need for a clear anatomic classification and review of deeper ultrastructural studies on adipose tissues in the midface area are obvious. This study aims: (1) To present midface anatomy of clinical relevance in a practical way for surgeons and cosmetologists. (2) To analyze the facial fasciae related to the fat compartments. (3) To show pictures of an
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15

Bento-Rodrigues, Joana, Fernando Judas, Jorge Pedrosa Rodrigues, et al. "Necrotizing Faciitis after Shoulder Mobilization and Intra-Articular Infiltration with Betametasone." Acta Médica Portuguesa 26, no. 4 (2013): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.20344/amp.149.

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Necrotizing Fasciitis is a rapidly progressive, potentially fatal infection of superficial fasciae and subcutaneous tissue, usually resulting from an inciting trauma to the skin. Medical literature refers few cases of necrotizing fasciitis related to intra-articular infiltrations, that often lead to patients death. This report describes the clinical events on a 55 year-old diabetic patient who developed upper extremity Necrotizing Fasciitis, 18 days after shoulder mobilization and intra-articular infiltration, due to Staphylococcus epidermidis. An early surgical debridement was performed and a
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16

Pirri, Carmelo, Chiara Ferraretto, Nina Pirri, et al. "Ultrasound Examination of Skin, Fasciae and Subcutaneous Tissue: Optimizing Rehabilitation for Secondary Upper Limb Lymphedema." Diagnostics 14, no. 24 (2024): 2824. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14242824.

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Background: Lymphedema represents a frequent cause of disability for patients undergoing oncological treatments and, being a chronic, non-reversible pathology, requires targeted and continuous rehabilitation treatments. To date, the studies available on the use of ultrasound in patients with lymphedema mainly report descriptive data; therefore, with this study, we wanted to describe in a more objective way the typical ultrasound alterations found in these patients, measuring the thickness of the different superficial structures, and defining subcutis echogenicity. Methods: 14 patients affected
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17

Jiang, Dongsheng, and Yuval Rinkevich. "Furnishing Wound Repair by the Subcutaneous Fascia." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 16 (2021): 9006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22169006.

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Mammals rapidly heal wounds through fibrous connective tissue build up and tissue contraction. Recent findings from mouse attribute wound healing to physical mobilization of a fibroelastic connective tissue layer that resides beneath the skin, termed subcutaneous fascia or superficial fascia, into sites of injury. Fascial mobilization assembles diverse cell types and matrix components needed for rapid wound repair. These observations suggest that the factors directly affecting fascial mobility are responsible for chronic skin wounds and excessive skin scarring. In this review, we discuss the l
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S. U., Arrvinthan. "Retrograde Spread of Buccal Space Infection into Temporal Space with Temporal Muscle Necrosis in a Medically Compromised Patient - A Case Report." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 37 (2021): 3301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/689.

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Superficial temporal space lies between the temporal fasciae. Abscess in the temporal and infratemporal space is very rare. They develop as a result of the extraction of infected maxillary molars. Temporal space infections or abscesses can be seen in the superficial or deep temporal regions. A 65 - year - old male patient reported with a complaint of painful swelling over the right cheek and restricted mouth opening with a history of extraction of second mandibular molar before four weeks. On examination, an ill-defined diffuse swelling was seen. Treatment was started with IV empirical antibio
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S. U., Arrvinthan, Lokesh Bhanumurthy, Jimson Samson, and Anandh Balasubramanian. "Retrograde Spread of Buccal Space Infection into Temporal Space with Temporal Muscle Necrosis in a Medically Compromised Patient - A Case Report." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 37 (2021): 3301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/669.

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Superficial temporal space lies between the temporal fasciae. Abscess in the temporal and infratemporal space is very rare. They develop as a result of the extraction of infected maxillary molars. Temporal space infections or abscesses can be seen in the superficial or deep temporal regions. A 65 - year - old male patient reported with a complaint of painful swelling over the right cheek and restricted mouth opening with a history of extraction of second mandibular molar before four weeks. On examination, an ill-defined diffuse swelling was seen. Treatment was started with IV empirical antibio
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20

Wang, Tina, Roya Vahdatinia, Sarah Humbert, and Antonio Stecco. "Myofascial Injection Using Fascial Layer-Specific Hydromanipulation Technique (FLuSH) and the Delineation of Multifactorial Myofascial Pain." Medicina 56, no. 12 (2020): 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56120717.

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Background and objectives: The aims of this study were to delineate the contribution of specific fascial layers of the myofascial unit to myofascial pain and introduce the use of ultrasound-guided fascial layer-specific hydromanipulation (FLuSH) as a novel technique in the treatment of myofascial pain. Materials and Methods: The clinical data of 20 consecutive adult patients who underwent myofascial injections using FLuSH technique for the treatment of myofascial pain were reviewed. The FLuSH technique involved measuring the pain pressure threshold using an analog algometer initially and after
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Gatti, John E., and Jenna C. Bekeny. "Adult Sternotomy Closure With Anterior, Absorbable Polydioxanone Sutures." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 13, no. 7 (2025): e6959. https://doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000006959.

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Background: Sternal dehiscence after cardiac surgery continues to challenge reconstructive surgeons, and sternal reconstruction often requires a difficult dissection beneath the sternum to reapply metal wires for stabilization. Sternotomy closure in adults with superficial, crisscrossing absorbable sutures placed directly through the anterior ribs to secure the sternum was reviewed. Methods: Adult patients who experienced sternal dehiscence, with no bone necrosis after cardiac surgery, had their sternum repaired with absorbable polydioxanone (PDS) sutures (Ethicon, Bridgewater, NJ). Large cali
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22

Setiaji, Adrian, Tertianto Prabowo, Novitri, and Deta Tanuwidjaja. "Fascial biotensegrity." Bali Medical Journal 14, no. 1 (2024): 309–14. https://doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v14i1.5286.

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Fascia is a part of connective tissue that consists of irregular, three-dimensional collagen fiber plating that infiltrates into bone, muscle, joint, and nerve fiber. Fascia also provides an ideal environment for the organ system to function properly. Myofascial refers to the structure of muscle tissue (myo-) and connective tissue (fascia) distributed all over the body. Myofascial continuity is the longitudinal and transversal connection of two adjacent structures in a braided structure. The concept of fascial adaptation is imperative in movement execution during daily activities. Anatomically
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23

Murata, Yuta, Noriyuki Kida, Takumi Jiromaru, et al. "Effects of Ankle Joint Angles and Surrounding Muscles on Hip Joint Musculature." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 10, no. 2 (2025): 110. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk10020110.

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Background/Objectives: Hip abductor weakness is a common issue in patients with lower back pain, knee osteoarthritis, and hip disorders, and compromises pelvic stability, gait control, and function. Side-lying hip abduction exercises are widely used as safe and effective interventions for patients unable to perform high-load or weight-bearing activities. However, the influence of ankle joint angles and distal muscle activity on the hip abductor muscles remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ankle joint angles and activation states on unilateral right hip abductor stren
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Senos, R., and H. Benedicto. "Gluteal nerves in Crab-eating fox." Journal of Morphological Sciences 31, no. 04 (2014): 233–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/jms.078314.

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Abstract Introduction: The Crab-eating fox is a medium-sized South American canid. Although there are several studies regarding this species, especially in epidemiology and parasitology studies, only few data regarding the morphology has been reported. The aim of our study was to describe the gluteal nerves of the Crab-eating fox and compare them with the domestic dogs for homology concerns and surgical application. Materials and Methods: We used four pelvic limbs of Crab-eating foxes fixed with 10% formalin and injected with red neoprene latex. Muscles, arteries and nerves were anatomically d
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Updike, Susan J. "Fascial compartments of the equine crus." American Journal of Veterinary Research 46, no. 3 (1985): 692–96. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1985.46.03.692.

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SUMMARY The deep fascia of the equine crus was dissected grossly and separated into 2 layers, the superficial and deep laminae of the deep fascia. Attachments of these fascial laminae to the tibia and fibula formed 5 separate osteofascial compartments: cranial, lateral, caudal deep, caudal intermediate, and caudal superficial. Cranial tibial vessels and the deep peroneal nerve entered the cranial compartment through separate fascial hiatuses; this may predispose the equine crus to the occurrence of compartmental syndromes with clinically recognizable neural deficits.
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Kersschot, Jan. "Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Glucopuncture: A Case Report." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 14, no. 7 (2024): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20240731.

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The fascial system represents a sophisticated and intricate network within the human body, comprising both superficial and deep layers. Fascial dysfunction is usually related to musculoskeletal pain, but may also be involved in other vague pain syndromes, such as irritable bowel syndrome. Glucopuncture, as applied in this case, involves the administration of 5% dextrose (or 5% glucose) injections directly into the superficial fascia, to address vague pain syndromes. This article presents a patient who underwent glucopuncture for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Patients who complain
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Wormald, P. J., and T. Alun-Jones. "Anatomy of the temporalis fascia." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 105, no. 7 (1991): 522–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100116500.

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AbstractThe anatomy of the different layers of the temporalis fascia is reviewed. The superficial and deep layers of the temporalis fascia have been studied by light microscopy to assess any histological difference between the two. We have also assessed the physical characteristics of the different layers by measuring their Young's modulus in the wet and dry states.Anatomically the superficial layer is part of the epicranial aponeurosis and thus covers nearly the entire lateral aspect of the skull. The deep temporal fascial layer covers exactly the temporalis muscle and measures 10 × 12 cm. Th
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Noten, Karl, and Robbert van Amstel. "From Muscle–Bone Concept to the ArthroMyoFascial Complex: A Pragmatic Anatomical Concept for Physiotherapy and Manual Therapy." Life 14, no. 7 (2024): 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life14070799.

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Background: In physiotherapy, the classic muscle–bone concept is used to translate basic and clinical anatomy. By defining the anatomical structures from superficial to deeper layers which frame the ArthroMyoFascial complex, our aim is to offer clinicians a comprehensive concept of within the muscle–bone concept. Method: This study is a narrative review and ultrasound observation. Results: Based on the literature and ultrasound skeletonization, the ArthroMyoFascial complex is defined. This model clarifies fascial continuity at the joint level, describing anatomical structures from skin to deep
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Slesarenko, N. A., E. O. Oganov, and E. O. Shirokova. "Anatomical and topographic features of fascia of the gluteal-femoral region in the common lynx." International Journal of Veterinary Medicine, no. 4 (December 13, 2023): 250–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.250.

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The article presents anatomical features of the superficial and deep fascia, in particular on the pelvic limb of the common lynx, which are absent in the available literature. The material for the research was a sectional material - pelvic limbs (n= 6), selected from the common lynx, without external signs of pathologies of the musculoskeletal system. Methods of fine macro- and microanatomic dissection of the lynx's left pelvic limb were used. At the same time, a functional analysis of the studied structures and skeletotopic projection of muscles, fascia and fascial nodes were carried out. Bas
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Ribeiro, L. A., L. P. Iglesias, F. O. C. Silva, et al. "Evolutionary aspects on the origin, distribution and ramifications of the ischiadicus nerve in the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla)." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 71, no. 4 (2019): 1149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-10639.

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ABSTRACT This work aimed to describe the origin, distribution, and ramifications of the ischiadicus nerve in the giant anteater and to provide anatomical data which could explain not only the evolutionary aspects but also provide important information for other related works. For the present study, four specimens were used, prepared by perfusion of 10% formaldehyde solution via the femoral artery, for conservation and dissection. The origin of the right and left ischiadicus nerves in the giant anteater from the ventral ramification of the third lumbar (L3) and the first (S1), second (S2), and
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Pirri, Carmelo, Nina Pirri, Diego Guidolin, Veronica Macchi, Raffaele De Caro, and Carla Stecco. "Ultrasound Imaging of the Superficial Fascia in the Upper Limb: Arm and Forearm." Diagnostics 12, no. 8 (2022): 1884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12081884.

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The superficial fascia has received much attention in recent years due to its important role of compartmentalizing the subcutaneous tissue. Ultrasound (US) imaging, owing to its high definition, provides the possibility of better visualizing and measuring its thickness. The aim of this study was to measure and compare, with US imaging, the thickness of superficial fascia in the arm and forearm in different regions/levels. An observational study has been performed using US imaging to measure superficial fascia thickness in the anterior and posterior regions at different levels in a sample of 30
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Olson, Krista L., and Spiros Manolidis. "The Pedicled Superficial Temporalis Fascial Flap: A New Method for Reconstruction in Otologic Surgery." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 126, no. 5 (2002): 538–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mhn.2002.125114.

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OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to describe a novel fascial flap of the temporal region and its use for reconstruction in otologic and neurotologic surgery. METHODS: The superficial temporalis fascia has an axial blood supply derived from the middle temporal artery and can be raised independently from the overlying temporoparietal fascia or the underlying deep temporalis fascia. This flap was used on 15 consecutive patients to solve a wide variety of reconstructive problems after otologic procedures. RESULTS: No additional morbidity was observed from the use of this flap. There were no complications
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Fede, Caterina, Lucia Petrelli, Carmelo Pirri, Cesare Tiengo, Raffaele De Caro, and Carla Stecco. "Detection of Mast Cells in Human Superficial Fascia." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 14 (2023): 11599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411599.

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The recent findings showed that the superficial fascia is a fibrous layer in the middle of hypodermis, richly innervated and vascularized, and more complex than so far demonstrated. This study showed the presence of mast cells in the superficial fascia of the human abdomen wall of three adult volunteer patients (mean age 42 ± 4 years; 2 females, 1 male), by Toluidine Blue and Safranin-O stains and Transmission Electron Microscopy. Mast cells are distributed among the collagen bundles and the elastic fibers, near the vessels and close to the nerves supplying the tissue, with an average density
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Ferreira Marques L, Hajji A, and Mesbahi A. "Treatment of fascial pain in the knee fold: A clinical case." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 25, no. 2 (2025): 784–90. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2025.25.2.0357.

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Family physicians and sports medicine practitioners frequently encounter patients with musculoskeletal (MSK) pain that does not conform to specific diagnostic patterns. One potential explanation for such ambiguous pain syndromes is soft tissue injury, including fascial damage, which may not yet be detectable on imaging studies. The fascial system (FS) is an intricate network comprising both superficial and deep layers. Over the last decade, its dysfunction has been increasingly linked to MSK disorders and regional pain syndromes [1-3]. As a biomechanical structure and a major sensory organ, th
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35

Zerbinati, Nicola, Edoardo D’Este, Antonia Icaro Cornaglia, et al. "New System Delivering Microwaves Energy for Inducing Subcutaneous Fat Reduction: In - Vivo Histological and Ultrastructural Evidence." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 18 (2019): 2991–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.778.

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BACKGROUND: Recently, it has been developed a new technology for the reduction of subcutaneous adipose tissue through a non-invasive treatment by microwaves. The main objective of the present study is to demonstrate the feasibility of utilising a non-invasive, localised microwaves (MW) device to induce thermal modifications into subcutaneous adipose tissue only by a controlled electromagnetic field that heats up fat preferentially. This device is provided with a special handpiece appropriately cooled, directly contacting the cutaneous surface of the body, which provides a calibrated energy tra
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Kanagamuthu, Priya, Guna Keerthana Ramesh, Aswin Vaishali Natarajan, and Rajasekaran Srinivasan. "Deep Neck Space Abscess – A Case Report." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 37 (2021): 3310–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/671.

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Deep neck spaces are regions of loose connective tissue present between three layers of deep cervical fascia, namely, superficial, middle, and deep layers. The investing layer is the superficial layer, the pre-tracheal layer is the intermediate layer, and the prevertebral layer is the deep layer. Deep neck space infection (DNI) is defined as an infection in the potential spaces and actual fascial planes of the neck. Spread of infection occurs along communicating fascial boundaries. These deep neck spaces may be further classified into 3 anatomic groups, relative to the hyoid bone: Those locate
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37

Kersschot J. "History of Glucopuncture." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 21, no. 1 (2024): 1925–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.1.0254.

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Glucopuncture is a treatment option originating from Europe (Austria) and Asia (South Korea). It is a medical technique which uses regional injections with 5% sugar water such as D5W (or G5W) into dermis, fascia, joints, muscles and ligaments. Pain modulation is mainly achieved by intradermal, fascial and US-guided perineural injections. Biotensegrity regulation is mainly achieved by injecting into the superficial layer of regional fascia. Functional improvement is achieved by giving injections into muscles. Such intramuscular injections can support and accelerate tissue repair, which is an in
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Kersschot, J. "History of Glucopuncture." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 21, no. 1 (2024): 1925–33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13352744.

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Glucopuncture is a treatment option originating from Europe (Austria) and Asia (South Korea). It is a medical technique which uses regional injections with 5% sugar water such as D5W (or G5W) into dermis, fascia, joints, muscles and ligaments. Pain modulation is mainly achieved by intradermal, fascial and US-guided perineural injections. Biotensegrity regulation is mainly achieved by injecting into the superficial layer of regional fascia. Functional improvement is achieved by giving injections into muscles. Such intramuscular injections can support and accelerate tissue repair, which is an in
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39

Yang, Lynda J. S., Vishal C. Gala, and John E. McGillicuddy. "Superficial peroneal nerve syndrome: an unusual nerve entrapment." Journal of Neurosurgery 104, no. 5 (2006): 820–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2006.104.5.820.

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✓Lower-extremity pain and paresthesia have multiple origins. Early recognition of the symptoms of peripheral nerve entrapment leads to timely treatment and avoids the cost of unnecessary studies. The authors report on a case of superficial peroneal nerve syndrome resulting from nerve herniation through a fascial defect, which was responsive to surgical treatment. This 22-year-old man presented with pain and paresthesias over the lateral aspect of the right calf and the dorsum of the foot without motor weakness. Exercise led to the formation of a tender bulge approximately 12 cm above the later
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Buergin, Joel, Lucas Werth, René Largo, Arnaud Scherberich, Dirk J. Schaefer, and Alexandre Kaempfen. "Cross-sectional Vascularization Pattern of the Adipofascial Anterolateral Thigh Flap for Application in Tissue-engineered Bone Grafts." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 10, no. 2 (2022): e4136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000004136.

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Background: As part of the engineering of bone grafts, wrapping constructs in well-vascularized tissue, such as fascial flaps, improves bone formation. Our aim was to understand the cross-sectional vascularization pattern of human adipofascial flaps for this application. Methods: Seven adipofascial anterolateral thigh (ALT) flaps were harvested from five human cadaveric specimens. Axial vessel density was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative histology. Results: We found a high density of blood vessels directly superficial to and close to the fascia. A secondary plexus in between t
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41

Broderick, James M., Keith A. Synnott, and Kevin J. Mulhall. "Minimally invasive fasciotomy using a lighted retractor in the treatment of chronic exertional compartment syndrome." Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery 28, no. 1 (2019): 230949901989280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2309499019892800.

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Chronic exertional compartment syndrome can be a debilitating cause of lower leg pain that typically affects young, healthy people during a variety of aerobic activities. Conservative management has produced a poor success rate and numerous techniques for surgical decompression have been described. Many of these, however, involve blind fascial dissection which increases the risk of direct nerve injury or insufficient fascial release. We describe a novel technique of mini-open fasciotomy using a lighted retractor which enables direct visualization of the fascia and the superficial peroneal nerv
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Balakrishnan, C., and S. B. Vanjari. "SUPERFICIAL FASCIAL SYSTEM." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 89, no. 2 (1992): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199202000-00044.

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Lopushniak, L. Ya, T. V. Khmara, O. F. Marchuk, O. M. Boichuk, L. М. Gerasym, and A. A. Halahdyna. "DEVELOPMENTAL PECULIARITIES OF TOPOGRAPHIC MORPHOLOGY OF CERVICAL FASCIA AND CELLULAR SPACES IN ANTERIOR AND LATERAL CERVICAL REGIONS IN HUMAN FETUSES." Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії 20, no. 2 (2020): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.20.2.150.

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In-depth study of the peculiarities of the morphological, topographic and anatomical relationships between fascia, muscles, vessels, nerves, cellular spaces and organs of other parts of the human body requires applying an appropriate methodology of morphological research. According to some researchers, the superficial, pretracheal, and prevertebral plates of the cervical fascia develop depending on the origin and morphogenesis of the respective groups of neck muscles. Obtaining data on the development of topographic morphology of the cervical fascia and interfascial cellular spaces of the ante
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44

Rupert, Ricks, Hopcroft Suzanne, Powari Manish, Carswell Andrew, and Robinson Phillip. "Tissue Penetration of Bipolar Electrosurgery at Different Power Settings." British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research 22, no. 1 (2017): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJMMR/2017/33773.

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<strong>Introduction: </strong>Bipolar electro-surgery is used in all disciplines of surgery to aid in haemostasis. Although common sense dictates tissue penetration will be effected by power settings, no formal evaluation of this effect has been made. We performed an experiment to accurately measure the tissue penetration of bipolar diathermy at different strengths. <strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>Laboratory study using a porcine liver model. Different wattages (10–40 W) of bipolar electro-surgery were applied to deceased porcine liver, with and without fascial covering for a fixed du
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Cheney, Robert A., Paul G. Melaragno, Michael J. Prayson, Gordon L. Bennett, and Glen O. Njus. "Anatomic Investigation of the Deep Posterior Compartment of the Leg." Foot & Ankle International 19, no. 2 (1998): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110079801900208.

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The purpose of this study is to critically investigate the anatomy of the deep posterior compartment of the leg. Specifically, the relationship of the deep posterior compartment to the superficial posterior compartment and their insertion onto the posteromedial border of the tibia are assessed. Cross-sectioning of 10 fresh-frozen cadaver legs was performed at 2-cm increments. The inferior surface of each section was photographed. The photographs were visually analyzed, and the fascial separation between the posterior compartments along with their relationship to the posteromedial border of the
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Kersschot J. "Treatment of Fascial Pain with Glucopuncture." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 11, no. 1 (2024): 1227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.11.1.0133.

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Over the last decade, clinicians worldwide discovered that fascia plays an important role in musculoskeletal posture, balance and tensegrity. Most physicians are not fully aware that the fascial system also contains a lot of nociceptors. This may explain its potential role in vague musculoskeletal pain syndromes. However, treating fascial pain effectively is not an easy task. Recently, it has been postulated that glucopuncture – a technique which applies multiple regional injections with dextrose 5% - can regulate pain originating from fascial dysfunction. The mode of action is probably relate
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Maharaj, Shivesh, Sumaya Ahmed, and Preba Pillay. "Deep Neck Space Infections: A Case Series and Review of the Literature." Clinical Medicine Insights: Ear, Nose and Throat 12 (January 2019): 117955061987127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179550619871274.

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Deep neck spaces are regions of loose connective tissue filling areas between the 3 layers of deep cervical fascia, namely, superficial, middle, and deep layers. The superficial layer is the investing layer, The pretracheal layer is the intermediate layer and the prevertebral layer is the deepest layer. Deep neck space infection (DNI) is defined as an infection in the potential spaces and actual fascial planes of the neck. Once the natural resistance of fascial planes is overcome, spread of infection occurs along communicating fascial boundaries. More recent trends include the increasing preva
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48

Hu, Pei-an, and Zheng-rong Zhou. "Imaging findings of radiologically misdiagnosed nodular fasciitis." Acta Radiologica 60, no. 5 (2018): 663–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185118788894.

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Background Nodular fasciitis rarely occurs in young adults and children; it usually resembles other tumors, even malignancy. Purpose To review the imaging findings of six cases of nodular fasciitis misdiagnosed radiologically. Material and Methods The clinical and radiologic features of six cases of histologically proven but radiologically misdiagnosed nodular fasciitis were reviewed retrospectively. Two cases underwent both plain and enhanced computed tomography (CT) scans and the other four had both regular and enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) scans. Results All six patients were young (five
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Komatsu, Mika, Fuminari Komatsu, Antonio Di Ieva, Tooru Inoue, and Manfred Tschabitscher. "Endoscopic Reconstruction of the Middle Cranial Fossa Through a Subtemporal Keyhole Using a Pedicled Deep Temporal Fascial Flap." Operative Neurosurgery 70, suppl_1 (2011): ons157—ons162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0b013e31822fedbb.

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Abstract BACKGROUND: Reconstruction of the skull base is essential to prevent postoperative leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). However, a reliable method of reconstructing the middle cranial fossa via a subtemporal keyhole is not available. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether less invasive reconstruction of the middle cranial fossa under endoscopic guidance with a pedicled deep temporal fascia approach via a subtemporal keyhole is feasible and useful. METHODS: The middle cranial fossa in 4 fresh cadaver heads was reconstructed with a 4-mm 0° rigid endoscope. RESULTS: A subtemporal skin incision
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Morales-Avalos, Rodolfo, and Priscila Madelein Requena-Araujo. "The Dynamic Microanatomy of skin and fascia. From the deep fascia to the skin surface." Dermatology and Dermatitis 2, no. 2 (2018): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2578-8949/024.

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The study of the structure of the skin and fascia in recent years has made important advances with respect to the "dynamic anatomy" that they present, that is, the anatomical relationships and tissue interconnections that you share through different tissues. In the same way fascias have been recognized as important sources of origin of different pathologies in the last years, so the greater knowledge of their function and structure is indispensable. The aim of this article is to review the last advances in the anatomic terminology of the soft superficial tissues as advances and recent anatomic
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