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Potrus, Dani. "Swedish Sign Language Skills Training and Assessment." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-209129.
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Sign language is used widely around the world as a first language for those that are unable to use spoken language and by groups of people that have a disability which precludes them from using spoken language (such as a hearing impairment). The importance of effective learning of sign language and its applications in modern computer science has grown widely in the modern aged society and research around sign language recognition has sprouted in many different directions, some examples using hidden markov models (HMMs) to train models to recognize different sign language patterns (Swedish sign language, American sign language, Korean sign language, German sign language and so on). This thesis project researches the assessment and skill efficiency of using a simple video game to learn Swedish sign language for children in the ages within the range of 10 to 11 with no learning disorders, or any health disorders. During the experimental testing, 38 children are divided into two equally sized groups of 19 where each group plays a sign language video game. The context of the video game is the same for both groups, where both listened to a 3D avatar speak to them using both spoken language and sign language. The first group played the game and answered questions given to them by using sign language, whereas the other group answered questions given to them by clicking on an alternative on the video game screen. A week after the children have played the video game, the sign language skills that they have acquired from playing the video game are assessed by simple questions where they are asked to provide some of the signs that they saw during the duration of the video game. The main hypothesis of the project is that the group of children that answered by signing outperforms the other group, in both remembering the signs and executing them correctly. A statistical null hypothesis test is performed on this hypothesis, in which the main hypothesis is confirmed. Lastly, discussions for future research within sign language assessment using video games is described in the final chapter of the thesis.<br>Teckenspråk används i stor grad runt om i världen som ett modersmål för dom som inte kan använda vardagligt talsspråk och utav grupper av personer som har en funktionsnedsättning (t.ex. en hörselskada). Betydelsen av effektivt lärande av teckenspråk och dess tillämpningar i modern datavetenskap har ökat i stor utsträckning i det moderna samhället, och forskning kring teckenspråklig igenkänning har spirat i många olika riktningar, ett exempel är med hjälp av statistika modeller såsom dolda markovmodeller (eng. Hidden markov models) för att träna modeller för att känna igen olika teckenspråksmönster (bland dessa ingår Svenskt teckenspråk, Amerikanskt teckenspråk, Koreanskt teckenspråk, Tyskt teckenspråk med flera). Denna rapport undersöker bedömningen och skickligheten av att använda ett enkelt teckenspråksspel som har utvecklats för att lära ut enkla Svenska teckenspråksmönster för barn i åldrarna 10 till 11 års ålder som inte har några inlärningssjukdomar eller några problem med allmän hälsa. Under projektets experiment delas 38 barn upp i två lika stora grupper om 19 i vardera grupp, där varje grupp kommer att få spela ett teckenspråksspel. Sammanhanget för spelet är detsamma för båda grupperna, där de får höra och se en tredimensionell figur (eng. 3D Avatar) tala till dom med både talsspråk och teckenspråk. Den första gruppen spelar spelet och svarar på frågor som ges till dem med hjälp av teckenspråk, medan den andra gruppen svarar på frågor som ges till dem genom att klicka på ett av fem alternativ som finns på spelets skärm. En vecka efter att barnen har utfört experimentet med teckenspråksspelet bedöms deras teckenspråkliga färdigheter som de har fått från spelet genom att de ombeds återuppge några av de tecknena som de såg under spelets varaktighet. Rapportens hypotes är att de barn som tillhör gruppen som fick ge teckenspråk som svar till frågorna som ställdes överträffar den andra gruppen, genom att både komma ihåg tecknena och återuppge dom på korrekt sätt. En statistisk hypotesprövning utförs på denna hypotes, där denna i sin tur bekräftas. Slutligen beskrivs det i rapportens sista kapitel om framtida forskning inom teckenspråksbedömning med tv spel och deras effektivitet.
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Sjons, Johan. "Automatic Induction of Word Classes in Swedish Sign Language." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Avdelningen för datorlingvistik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-90824.
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Identifying word classes is an important part of describing a language. Research about sign languages often lack distinctions crucial for identifying word classes, e.g. the difference between sign and gesture. Additionally, sign languages typically lack written form, something that often constrains quantitative research on sign language to the use of glosses translated to the spoken language in the area. In this thesis, such glosses have been extracted from The Swedish Sign Language Corpus. The glosses were mapped to utterances based on Swedish translations in the corpus, and these utterances served as input data to a word space model, producing a co-occurence matrix. This matrix was clustered with the K-means algorithm. The extracted utterances were also clustered with the Brown algorithm. By using V-measure, the clusters were compared to a gold standard annotated manually with word classes. The Brown algorithm performs significantly better in inducing word classes than a random baseline. This work shows that utilizing unsupervised learning is a feasible approach for doing research on word classes in Swedish Sign Language. However, future studies of this kind should employ a deeper linguistic analysis of the language as a part of choosing the algorithms.
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Nilsson, Anna-Lena. "Studies in Swedish sign language reference, real space blending, and interpretation /." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Linguistics, Stockholm University, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-37026.
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Börstell, Carl. "Object marking in the signed modality : Verbal and nominal strategies in Swedish Sign Language and other sign languages." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-141669.
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In this dissertation, I investigate various aspects of object marking and how these manifest themselves in the signed modality. The main focus is on Swedish Sign Language (SSL), the national sign language of Sweden, which is the topic of investigation in all five studies. Two of the studies adopt a comparative perspective, including other sign languages as well. The studies comprise a range of data, including corpus data, elicited production, and acceptability judgments, and combine quantitative and qualitative methods in the analyses. The dissertation begins with an overview of the topics of valency, argument structure, and object marking, primarily from a spoken language perspective. Here, the interactions between semantics and morphosyntax are presented from a typological perspective, introducing differential object marking as a key concept. With regard to signed language, object marking is discussed in terms of both verbal and nominal strategies. Verbal strategies of object marking among sign languages include directional verbs, object handshape classifiers, and embodied perspective in signing. The first study investigates the use of directionality and object handshapes as object marking strategies in Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language (ABSL), Israeli Sign Language (ISL), and SSL. It is shown that the strategies generally display different alignments in terms of the types of objects targeted, which is uniform across languages, but that directionality is much more marginal in ABSL than in the other two languages. Also, we see that there is a connection between object marking strategies and the animacy of the object, and that the strategies, object animacy, and word order preferences interact. In the second and third studies, SSL is investigated with regard to the transitive–reflexive distinction. Here, we see that there are interactional effects between object handshapes and the perspective taken by the signer. This points to intricate iconic motivations of combining and structuring complex verb sequences, such as giving preference to agent focusing structures (e.g., agent perspective and handling handshapes). Furthermore, the use of space is identified as a crucial strategy for reference tracking, especially when expressing semantically transitive events. Nominal strategies include object pronouns and derivations of the sign PERSON. The fourth study provides a detailed account of the object pronoun OBJPRO in SSL, which is the first in-depth description of this sign. It is found that the sign is in widespread use in SSL, often corresponds closely to object pronouns of spoken Swedish, and is argued to be grammaticalized from the lexical sign PERSON. In the final study, the possible existence of object pronouns in other sign languages is investigated by using a sample of 24 languages. This analysis reveals that the feature is found mostly in the Nordic countries, suggesting areal contact phenomena. However, the study also shows that there are a number of derivations of PERSON, such as reflexive pronouns, agreement auxiliaries, and case markers. The use of PERSON as a source of grammaticalization for these functions is attributed to both semantic and phonological properties of the sign. This dissertation is unique in that it is dedicated to the topic of object marking in the signed modality. It brings a variety of perspectives and methods together in order to investigate the domain of object marking, cross-linguistically and cross-modally.
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Halvardsson, Gustaf, and Johanna Peterson. "Interpretation of Swedish Sign Language using Convolutional Neural Networks and Transfer Learning." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-277859.
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The automatic interpretation of signs of a sign language involves image recognition. An appropriate approach for this task is to use Deep Learning, and in particular, Convolutional Neural Networks. This method typically needs large amounts of data to be able to perform well. Transfer learning could be a feasible approach to achieve high accuracy despite using a small data set. The hypothesis of this thesis is to test if transfer learning works well to interpret the hand alphabet of the Swedish Sign Language. The goal of the project is to implement a model that can interpret signs, as well as to build a user-friendly web application for this purpose. The final testing accuracy of the model is 85%. Since this accuracy is comparable to those received in other studies, the project’s hypothesis is shown to be supported. The final network is based on the pre-trained model InceptionV3 with five frozen layers, and the optimization algorithm mini-batch gradient descent with a batch size of 32, and a step-size factor of 1.2. Transfer learning is used, however, not to the extent that the network became too specialized in the pre-trained model and its data. The network has shown to be unbiased for diverse testing data sets. Suggestions for future work include integrating dynamic signing data to interpret words and sentences, evaluating the method on another sign language’s hand alphabet, and integrate dynamic interpretation in the web application for several letters or words to be interpreted after each other. In the long run, this research could benefit deaf people who have access to technology and enhance good health, quality education, decent work, and reduced inequalities.<br>Automatisk tolkning av tecken i ett teckenspråk involverar bildigenkänning. Ett ändamålsenligt tillvägagångsätt för denna uppgift är att använda djupinlärning, och mer specifikt, Convolutional Neural Networks. Denna metod behöver generellt stora mängder data för att prestera väl. Därför kan transfer learning vara en rimlig metod för att nå en hög precision trots liten mängd data. Avhandlingens hypotes är att utvärdera om transfer learning fungerar för att tolka det svenska teckenspråkets handalfabet. Målet med projektet är att implementera en modell som kan tolka tecken, samt att bygga en användarvänlig webapplikation för detta syfte. Modellen lyckas klassificera 85% av testinstanserna korrekt. Då denna precision är jämförbar med de från andra studier, tyder det på att projektets hypotes är korrekt. Det slutgiltiga nätverket baseras på den förtränade modellen InceptionV3 med fem frysta lager, samt optimiseringsalgoritmen mini-batch gradient descent med en batchstorlek på 32 och en stegfaktor på 1,2. Transfer learning användes, men däremot inte till den nivå så att nätverket blev för specialiserat på den förtränade modellen och dess data. Nätverket har visat sig vara ickepartiskt för det mångfaldiga testningsdatasetet. Förslag på framtida arbeten inkluderar att integrera dynamisk teckendata för att kunna tolka ord och meningar, evaluera metoden på andra teckenspråkshandalfabet, samt att integrera dynamisk tolkning i webapplikationen så flera bokstäver eller ord kan tolkas efter varandra. I det långa loppet kan denna studie gagna döva personer som har tillgång till teknik, och därmed öka chanserna för god hälsa, kvalitetsundervisning, anständigt arbete och minskade ojämlikheter.
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Wallin, Lars. "Polysyntetiska tecken i svenska teckenspråket." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 1994. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-20016.
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Börstell, Carl. "Revisiting Reduplication : Toward a description of reduplication in predicative signs in Swedish Sign Language." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-63510.
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This study investigates the use of reduplication with predicative signs in Swedish Sign Language (SSL), and also the related phenomena doubling and displacement. Reduplication in SSL typically expresses plurality of events and/or referents, but may also express intensification, ongoing event or generic activity. There is a distinction between external and internal events with reduplication: external reduplication expresses some event happening over and over at different points in time and/or with different referents, and is associated with a frequentative/habitual reading; internal reduplication expresses some event consisting of several e.g. movements/actions and is associated with an ongoing reading. Only external expression seems to be applicable to stative constructions, as one would expect. The study also found a phenomenon not previously described: oral reduplication without manual reduplication. This process is found to have the ongoing functions with telic predicates, such that it focuses on the telic predicate as a single event in progress, and thus replaces the function of manual reduplication, which, with telic predicates, would instead express several events. The reading of reduplicated signs is associated with the semantics of the sign reduplicated, and it is also associated with the phonological citation form of the sign—monosyllabic signs tend to get pluractional reading; bisyllabic signs tend to get an ongoing reading. Also, the reading expressed by reduplication is connected to the presence/absence of oral reduplication. Reduplication generally does not occur in negative constructions. This study shows that inherently negative signs may be reduplicated, but reduplicated predicates are negated according to other strategies than for non-reduplicated predicates, thus reduplication has the largest scope. Doubling and displacement are both associated mainly with plural referents, and it is in this respect that they are related to reduplication, and they both occur frequently with reduplication.
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Åhlund, Anna. "Swedish as multiparty work : Tailoring talk in a second language classroom." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Barn- och ungdomsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-115855.
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This dissertation examines classroom conversations involving refugee and immigrant youth in a second language (L2) introduction program, exploring how L2 Swedish emerges as a multiparty accomplishment by both the teacher and the students. Drawing on forty hours of video-recorded Swedish L2 classroom conversations, as well as on observations and informal interviews, it focuses on talk as a form of social action. Theoretically and methodologically, the dissertation primarily combines insights from language socialization and social constructionist frameworks and detailed transcriptions informed by conversation analysis. Study I documents how schooled Swedish as a second language (SSL) student identities emerged as performative effects of how the students in school activities were addressed as “ethnic” students, and how they managed to handle, adopt, and contest being positioned as the Other. Study II records classroom performances and the formation of a community of practice. The analyses cover how students’ verbal improvisations (repetitions, stylizations, and laughter) and alignments to local registers authenticate SSL identities. The findings show how stylizations were important resources for metalinguistic reflections on correctness, and for the establishment of a local language ideology. Study III documents the interactional nature of classroom repair work. Detailed analyses of correction sequences and trajectories show that both the teacher and the students produced ambiguous other-corrections, illuminating the intricate multiparty work in correction trajectories. In brief, this dissertation illuminates multiparty aspects of classroom L2 socialization. The analyses of classroom talk show how both teacher and student investments in language competencies and local ideologies of correct Swedish or style, as well as participation and identity work, are co-constructed through participants’ tailoring of talk.<br><p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Manuscript. Paper 3: Accepted.</p>
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Schönström, Krister. "Tvåspråkighet hos döva skolelever : Processbarhet i svenska och narrativ struktur i svenska och svenskt teckenspråk." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-39917.
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This dissertation examines the language proficiency of school-aged deaf pupils from a bilingual perspective. The first aim of the study is to investigate the Swedish L2 skills of the pupils. This includes testing the validity of the Processability Theory on deaf learners of Swedish as an L2. The second aim is to investigate whether there is a correlation between proficiency in Swedish and Swedish Sign Language (SSL) as suggested in earlier research on deaf bilingualism. This study is cross-sectional and contains data from 38 pupils (grades 5 and 10) from a school for deaf and hearing-impaired pupils in Sweden. The data consists of retellings of a cartoon in written Swedish and of free stories in SSL. For the first part of the study, the Swedish data has been analyzed according to Processability Theory (PT). For the second part of the study, narrative structure in both the Swedish and SSL data has been analyzed. As a theoretical framework, Labov’s narrative model is applied. The results show that there is an implicational order in the informants’ development of Swedish following the predicted grammatical learning order described by PT. The results therefore suggest that PT is a valid theory also for deaf learners of L2 Swedish. The conclusions regarding SSL proficiency suggest that more research about sign language as such is needed to get a deeper understanding of SSL proficiency. The results show that one narrative component of Labov’s model - Evaluation - is an important component in SSL proficiency. The results from the comparative analysis show that there is a positive statistical correlation between some Swedish and SSL variables used in this study, suggesting that skills in Swedish correlate with skills in SSL. This means that a well-developed sign language is important for the deaf to learn any written language as a second language.
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Larsson, Jenny, and Ida Moberg. "Läromedel inom ämnet Teckenspråk för hörande : -." Thesis, Örebro University, Department of Education, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-2245.
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<p>The aim of this study is to establish an understanding of how the concept educational materials can be interpreted, as well as to investigate how teachers describe their use of educational materials. The focus of this study is the subject “Sign Language for the hearing”, at the upper secondary level. We, the authors of this essay, both have a great personal interest in this language. Swedish Sign Language is the sign language mainly used in Sweden. In colloquial conversation, Swedish Sign Language is often called “Sign Language”, as American Sign Language is often called Sign Language in the USA. Swedish Sign Language is referred to as Sign Language in the current curriculum for the compulsory school and the non-compulsory school, which explains the title of this essay. Although this essay does not focus on research concerning the linguistic qualities of Swedish Sign Language, but we still wish to emphasize that sign language is not one, international, language.</p><p>The results presented in this study are derived from the collected knowledge mediated through a field study, in which eight teachers, with experience of working with the subject Sign Language for the hearing, have described their thoughts and experiences of the meaning of the concept educational materials, and how they explain that they use educational materials. These results are put in relation to curriculums, past and present, as well as previous litterature about educational materials.</p><p>By analysing the answers given by the teachers, who particiated in this study field, the curriculums are said to affect how they work with educational materials. The results of the field study comfirm the historical interpretation of educational materials as synonymous with a text-book. This being said, the participants in this study state that they have a wider understanding of the concept in relation to the subject Sign Language for the hearing. They explain that this is due to the fact that there is no text-book to work with, within the subject. They further describe that they work with different forms of experiences, such as theater, educational visits and interviews, in order to induce their students’ interest to want to learn and commuicate by using the language.</p>
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Simper-Allen, Pia. ""Cut and Break"-beskrivningar i svenskt teckenspråk : Barns och vuxnas avbildande verbkonstruktioner." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-132321.
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Previous studies on children’s acquisition of depicting verbs in signed languages have chiefly studied the use of classifiers in verbs of motion and location, particularly the order in which the different classes of handshape are acquired. The age of the children in these studies have ranged from age three to thirteen, and an important finding has been that classifier constructions are not fully acquired until early adolescence. Most of these studies have used an elicitation tool to investigate the production and comprehension of classifiers, but have not provided any adult target norms of the test items when scoring children’s achievement. The present dissertation provides a detailed description of both adults’ and children’s verb constructions in descriptions of cutting and breaking events in Swedish Sign Language (SSL), specifically focusing on the number of hands used in signing, handshape category and hand activity, which has not been previously described for any sign language. As part of this study, 14 deaf adults (ages 20–72) and 11 deaf children (2;1–6;6) of deaf parents, all native-users of SSL, performed a task that involved describing 53 video clips of cutting and breaking events. The clips show an event in which an actor separates material, either with the aid of a tool or without. Additionally, some clips show an entity separating by itself without an actor being involved. The adults described the events with depicting verb constructions that are produced with two hands. The analysis of the handshapes produced three categories: substitutor, manipulator and descriptor. The most frequent construction in the description of events without a tool was two acting manipulators (depicting a hand handling an object), whereas in descriptions of events with a tool the combinations were acting substitutor or manipulator with a non-acting manipulator. The acting hand referred to the tool and the non-acting manipulator to the affected entity. In descriptions of events without an actor, either two substitutors or two manipulators were used. In addition to depicting verb constructions, the descriptions also contained resultative complements, i.e. signs carrying information about the result of the activity being carried out. The complements were either lexical signs or some form of depicting verb construction. Similar observations have not been noted for any other signed language. In the manner of the adults, the children used depicting verb constructions in descriptions of cutting and breaking events (681 tokens), but they also used pointing and lexical signs (64 tokens). Nearly half of the verb constructions that were used by the children corresponded to the adult target forms. The majority of the constructions describing events without a tool corresponded to the adult target forms using two acting manipulators, even among the youngest informants. In events with a tool, only a third of the constructions corresponded to the adult target forms (emerging at 4;8 – 5;0); the remaining two-thirds were deviating constructions in terms of number of hands, handshape category and hand activity. Resultative complement are sparsely used by children (57 tokens), the most chosen type of complement being lexical signs. Pervasive features of children’s constructions were the addition of contact between the hands and a preference for substitutors, something not found in adults’ constructions. These features were elucidated within the framework of Real Space blending theory, with the study showing that children first use visible blended entities and that invisible blended entities do not emerge until 4;8–5;0.<br><p>Disputationen teckenspråkstolkas</p>
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Allard, Karin. "VARFÖR GÖR DE PÅ DETTA VISET? : Kommunikativa praktiker i flerspråkig undervisning med svenskt teckenspråk som medierande redskap." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-28637.
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Applying a human rights perspective on plurilingualism as a national as well as a transnational concern, with a focus on the interaction taking place in foreign language teaching and learning practices at a Swedish Special Needs School for pupils with deafness or impaired hearing, the overall aim of this study is to describe and discuss this interaction in performative terms, i.e. in terms of what is said by whom, to whom, why, and with what consequences. Although extensive research has already been carried out within the field of plurilingualism, for example from linguistic, sociological and political points of departure, research on plurilingualism with regard to foreign language teaching and learning interaction in Swedish sign language contexts has been largely missing. The ambition of this work, therefore, is to add to the diversity of research on plurilingualism. It is also hoped that this work will contribute to the debate in educational politics concerning a human rights perspective on plurilingualism, especially with regard to modern European languages as a transnational issue. Methodologically, an ethnographic approach has been employed to document, by means of two video cameras in combination with field notes, the practices of communication emerging from teacherstudent interaction. Using notions from Conversational Analysis and alongside established conventions of sign language transcription, a model of transcription was designed for the specific purpose of describing, in detail, the plurilingual interaction where Swedish sign language is used as a mediating tool. Three lessons in English and four lessons – or lesson extracts – in Spanish, at secondary level in a Special Needs School for pupils with deafness or impaired hearing, have been documented and analysed. The analyses were carried out in two different steps, one describing and one discussing the results of the empirical investigation. The institutionally formalised interaction observed appears to have contributed to the heavy dominance of the teacher, and of the IRE sequence used during the lessons, to a much greater extent than students’ deafness or impaired hearing. Although the aims and objectives of the curricular texts intended for these students, as well as for hearing ones, are expressed in communicative terms – for example, learning to read texts of relatively high complexity, or developing writing skills for communication across linguistic boundaries – almost all the lessons that were investigated concerned the translation of isolated words into sign language, often taken out of their English or Spanish context. Nonetheless, the students took part in the classroom interaction when protesting, joking, asking questions and helping each other. Thus, the teacher dominance noted does not imply suppression, but rather a tendency on the part of the teacher to underestimate the students, as well as reflecting a selective tradition within foreign language teaching and learning practices in a general Swedish school context. However, when viewed from a human rights perspective on future plurilingual European citizens, using their language skills to reach out into the world for mutual understanding, the students involved in the language teaching and learning interaction observed in this study may hardly be expected to reach out across linguistic boundaries, at least not as a result of the language education they have experienced.
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de, Silva Ronny. "Läsförståelse i svenskundervisningen för döva." Thesis, Örebro University, Department of Humanities, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-1879.
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<p>Denna uppsats behandlar läsförståelse i svenskundervisningen för döva. Syftet har varit att få en uppfattning om lärares syn på läsförståelse, deras erfarenheter kring döva läsare och deras arbete med läsförståelse i svenskundervisningen för döva. Mina informanter är lärare och de undervisar på riksgymnasiet för döva. Metoden har varit kvalitativa intervjuer. Jag har varit intresserad av lärarnas kunskaper och erfarenheter samt åsikter och därför har jag valt denna metod.</p><p>Läsförståelse innebär enligt informanterna utvunna upplevelser utifrån texten kopplade till läsarens tidigare erfarenheter. Enligt merparten av informanterna är det inte så stora skillnader mellan vana döva läsare och vana hörande läsare. När det gäller ovana döva läsare kan element i texten som fraser, homonymer, synonymer, referensbindningar och verbpartiklar vålla problem. De har ofta svårt att uppfatta kontexten i texten. I fråga om undervisningen handlar mycket om elevernas redan förvärvade kunskaper och erfarenheter samt intressen, enligt informanterna. Det gäller för läraren att börja där eleven befinner sig. Informanterna betonar bland annat texter med rimlig nivå. En stor del av texten skall eleverna kunna känna till och resten skall vara nytt. På så sätt blir läsningen träning. Annat som informanterna betonar är samtal mellan lärare och elev kring texten. Sålunda kan mycket bli klargörande för eleven. Högläsning, vilken sker på svenskt teckenspråk, kan ge förståelse av textens innebörd men fungerar framförallt som ett redskap för att framkalla läsintresse och nyfikenhet hos eleverna.</p><p>När det gäller lärarens förkunskaper betonar informanterna kunskaper i och om svenskt teckenspråk och svenska språket. Kunskaper om andraspråksinlärning och om svenskundervisningen för hörande kan vara viktiga.</p><p>Nyckelord: Läsning, Läsförståelse, Svenskt teckenspråk, Svenska som andraspråk, Döva</p>
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Ivarsson, Sofia. "En tankepaus i svenskt teckenspråk : En korpusundersökning av spelande fingrar." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Avdelningen för teckenspråk, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-118786.
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Detta är en korpusundersökning av tankepausen spelande fingrar i svenskt teckenspråk. Ett förslag på indelning av tankepauser presenteras samt hur frekvent olika tankepauser förekommer. Spelande fingrar är den tredje största kategorin av tankepauser i materialet, de allra flesta tankepauser med spelande fingrar förekommer inuti en samtalstur och majoriteten av alla reparationer i samband med spelande fingrar är lyckade reparationer.<br>This is a corpus-based study of the hesitation paus wiggly-fingers in Swedish sign language. A suggestion how to categorise hesitation pauses are presented and how often different kind of hesitation pauses appears. Wiggly-fingers is the third biggest group of hesitation pauses in in the corpus, the majority of pauses with wiggly-fingers appears within a turn of conversation and a majority of all the repairs connected to wiggly-fingers are successful repairs.
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Selander, Lisa. "En partiledardebatt på teckenspråk : Tolkars strategier för att leverera högkvalitativ tolkning." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Tolk- och översättarinstitutet, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-196903.
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Riksdagen beskrivs ibland som Sveriges demokratiska och politiska hjärta. Alla medborgare ska kunna delta i den demokratiska diskussionen. Personer med hörselnedsättning och dövhet fick denna rättighet år 2000. Denna studie har undersökt teckenspråkstolkningen av en partiledardebatt i Sverigesriksdag. Fokus i studien har varit teckenspråkstolkars så kallade copingstrategier, dvs. språkliga och tolktekniska strategier i tolkningen som används för att säkerställa tolkningens kvalitet. Studien utgårfrån en kvalitativ, diskursanalytisk ansats. Materialet består av en tre timmar och 35 minuter lång filmad partiledardebatt samt en semistrukturerad intervju med en teckenspråkstolk med lång erfarenhet från tolkning i riksdagen. I materialet har sju olika copingstrategier identifierats: processtid, bokstavering, adekvata utelämningar, adekvata tillägg, samarbete med teamtolken, parafrasering och konstruerat agerande. Förhoppningen är att genom systematisk beskrivning och analys synliggöra teckenspråkstolkning som profession, och hur denna i sin tur bidrar till tillgänglighet och inkludering iden svenska demokratin.<br>Sometimes the Swedish Parliament is described as the heart of the Swedish democracy and politics. Every Swedish citizen has the right to participate in the political discussion. People with a disabled hearing and deaf people got this right in 2000. This essay has examined the sign language interpretation of a party leader debate in the Swedish Parliament. The main focus of this essay has been the sign language interpreters’ usage of coping strategies, in other words, techniques of interpretation and linguistic strategies, which secure the quality of the interpretation. The study is based on a discourse analytical perspective with a qualitative approach. The results are based on a three hours and 35 minutes lasting, video-recorded debate between the leaders of the different parties of the Swedish Parliament, and on a semi-structured interview with a sign language interpreter with a long experience as an interpreter in the Swedish Parliament. Seven different coping strategies could be identified and analyzed: lag time, spelling, adequate omissions, adequate additions, cooperation with the team interpreter, paraphrasing, constructed acting. Hopefully, this systematic description and analysis can help to spread some light on the profession of sign language interpretation, and how it contributes to accessibility and inclusion into the Swedish democracy.
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Forssell, Beatrice. "Biblioteksservice för vuxna döva." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för ABM, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-160702.
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The aim of this two years master thesis is to explore the relationship between public libraries and deaf adults. I want to know if deaf adults are a prioritized group in Swedish public libraries. Deaf adults use Swedish sign language witch is a visual language and differs from Swedish. I discuss the difference in Swedish Sign Language and Swedish and the importance of Sign Language literature. I also explore what methods can be used for mak-ing the library service towards the deaf group more customer centered and service oriented.The lack of sign language knowledge among the library personnel can lead to communication barriers. I want to illustrate these communication barriers, both psychological and semantic barriers, with Richard Dimble-by and Graeme Burton´s interpersonal communication theory. The psychological barriers consist of negative attitudes and prejudices. In this case these psychological barriers prevent the libraries from further proceedings with the marketing of their service, all based on the notion of deaf being uninterested in library service. This, on the other hand, leads to deaf people not knowing what public libraries can offer and therefor has become some-what of an invisible group in the libraries today.I performed ten surveys on ten public libraries in Sweden and a more detailed questioner to Teckenhörnan in Örebro public library. Thees surveys was done based on the IFLA Guidelines for Service for Deaf People. The result of this survey shows that deaf adults are not a prioritized group in public libraries. The lack of knowledge among library personnel about deafness, sign language and an understanding of the situation of deaf people is an obstacle. It is important to separate deaf from other disabled groups since deaf is more a linguistic minority then a disabled group.
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Balkstam, Eira. "Fonologisk utveckling i det svenska teckenspråket hos hörande andraspråksinlärare : Identifiering av aspekter, tecken och en- och tvåhandstecken." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Avdelningen för teckenspråk, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-157352.
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I den här studien har undersökts hörande andraspråksinlärares fonologiska utveckling med avseende på deras förmåga att identifiera ett teckens aspektstruktur, både partiellt och som hela tecken, samt en- och tvåhandstecken. Deras resultat jämfördes sedan med en kontrollgrupp bestående av döva förstaspråkstalare av svenskt teckenspråk. Det har tidigare varit begränsat med studier med fokus på identifiering av tecken. Av den anledningen skapades till denna studie en uppgift som vare sig kräver kunskaper i svenskt teckenspråk eller lingvistiska förkunskaper. Studien består av data som baseras på en kvantitativ och longitudinell undersökning. Vid identifieringen av de aspekterna visade det sig hos båda grupperna att aspekten artikulationsställe var lättast att identifiera, direkt följt av aspekten artikulator och att aspekten artikulation var svårast att identifiera. L2-gruppen presterade bättre och kunde identifiera fler korrekta tecken än L1-gruppen. Båda grupperna presterade emellertid låga resultat. En möjlig orsak till detta kan vara att svarsblanketten inte var tillräckligt tydlig gällande aspekten artikulation. En annan tänkbar orsak är förmågan att memorera visuella komponenter. Vid identifieringen av en- och tvåhandstecken visade det sig för båda grupperna vara enklare att identifiera enhandstecken än tvåhandstecken. Detta bedöms överensstämma med tidigare forskning som visar att tvåhandstecken är fonologiskt och kognitivt mer komplexa än enhandstecken. Vidare forskning med ett större antal deltagare behövs för att kunna se eventuella ytterligare aspekter som kan påverka resultatet.<br>In this study, the phonological development of hearing L2 learners has been investigated with regard to their ability to identify a sign's aspect structure, both partially and as a whole, and one- vs. two-handed signs. The results were compared to a control group of deaf first language speakers of Swedish sign language. There has previously been a limited number of studies focusing on the identification of signs. For this reason, a task that required no previous knowledge of Swedish Sign Language or linguistics was created for this study. The study is based on data from a quantitative and longitudinal investigation. In the identification of aspects, it is shown that place of articulation was the easiest to identify for both groups, followed by articulator, and lastly articulation, which was the most difficult to identify correctly. The L2 group performed better and could identify a higher number of correct lexical signs than the L1 group. However, both groups scored low results. A possible reason for this is that the test template is not explicit enough about articulation as a aspect. When identifying one- and two-handed signs, it is shown that one-handed signs are easier to identify than two-handed signs, across both groups. This corroborates previous research that shows that two-handed signs are phonologically and cognitively more complex than one-handed signs. Further research with a larger number of participants is encouraged in order to investigate other potentially influencing factors.
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Willing, Josephine. "Narrativa referenter i svenskt teckenspråk." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-182471.
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Syftet med detta projekt är att få förståelse för hur ett forskningsprojekt fungerar och hur det är upplagt. Under våren 2020 har jag studerat förekomster av narrativa referenter och semiotiska typer i satsliknande enheter i svenskt teckenspråk. Jag gör en kvantitativ analys av samtliga referenter och semiotiska typer i tre kategorier: NarrativReferent1, NarrativReferent2 och NarrativReferent3. Resultatet visar att NarrativReferent1 har 70%, NarrativReferent2 har 28% och NarrativReferent3 har 2%. Det innebär att NarrativReferent3 har betydligt mindre referenter än övriga kategorier, däremot har kategorin NarrativReferent1 flest referenter. Det kan bero på att man med NarrativReferent1 alltid börjar konstruera en referent i satsliknande enhet, och där etablerar man referenten. Om det skulle komma en annan referent under samma tidsintervall så lägger man till den i NarrativReferent2. Resultatet visar att referenten ’pojke’ har en central roll och semiotiska typer visar att konstruerad handling har flesta antal i NarrativReferent1. Däremot att referenten ’hund’ har flest referenter och semiotiska typer, visar att osynligt surrogat och avbildande tecken har flest antal i NarrativReferent2.<br>The aim of this project is to gain an understanding of how a research project works and how it is organized. During the spring 2020 I investigate occurrences of narrative referents and semiotic types in clause-like units in Swedish Sign Language. I conduct a quantitative analysis of all referents and semiotics types of three categories: NarrativeReferent1, NarrativeReferent2 and NarrativeReferent3. The results show that NarrativeReferent1 has 70%, NarrativeReferent3 has 28% and NarrativeReferent3 has 2%. This means that NarrativeReferent3 has considerably fewer referents than the other categories, whereas the category NarrativeReferent1 has the highest number of referents. This could be a result of NarrativeReferent1 being used first to construct a referent in a clause-like unit, but when the referent has already been established and another referent appears within the same time span, this will be added to NarrativeReferent2. The results show that the referent ‘boy’ clearly has a central role, and semiotic types show that constructed action has the highest number of cases in NarrativeReferent1. However, the referent ‘dog’ has the most referents and semiotics types show that invisible surrogate and depicting signs have the highest number of cases in NarrativeReferent2.
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Lindblom, Karl. "TECKENSPRÅK OCH SPEL : Upplevelse av teckenspråk i förstapersonsvy." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-15451.
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Detta arbete undersöker hur animerat teckenspråk upplevs inom förstapersonsperspektiv i spel för svenska teckenspråksanvändare. Studien är inspirerad av en liknande undersökning av Kerstin Liliedahl (2017). Bakgrunden redogör om teckenspråkets nuvarande representation inom digital media, de tekniker samt avatarer som används och dess användning i digitala spel. Hur det svenska teckenspråket är uppbyggt samt hur det används. Frågeställningen till denna studie har försökt undersöka om förstapersonsperspektiv till spelmiljöer, är ett lämpligt perspektiv för användandet av digitalt teckenspråk för svenska teckenspråkstalare. Artefakten består av två 3D-animerade spelsimulationer i videoform, där deltagarna till studien fick rangordna samt resonera om hur användandet av digitalt teckenspråk fungerade till perspektivet. Urvalsgruppen bestod utav svenska tekenspråksanvändare. Varav 22 testpersoner deltog i enkäten. 14 svarade med att de var hörlsenedsatt eller döv. Tre hade närstående som var hörselnedsatt, och övriga var intresseanvändare. Framtida studier kan vidarutveklas för att förbättra och undersöka nya inkluderingar i speldesign för att öppna nya vägar till inkluderandet av teckenspråk i spelmarknaden idag.
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Cesko, Aida, and Ena Bahtanovic. ""Det är skitbra med cochleaimplantat och hörapparater och allt vad det är men det är också skitbra med svenskt teckenspråk" : En kvalitativ studie om personalens uppfattningar kring inkluderingstrategier i svensk teckenspråkig miljö." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-75073.
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The aim of this study is to qualitatively point out a variation of perceptions among the including strategies in swedish sign language environments. The environments involve both preschools and special schools, because preschools are the first step of a lifelong learning process that is coherent with schools. Including involves not only being there physically in the environment but also being able to communicate via technical options and visual availability. The study is grounded on 11 semi structured interviews via telephone which are analyzed by a phenomenographic method. The respondents are preschool teachers, teachers, specialized educators, head of preschool and nannies. The method includes a pilot interview before the actual interviews to make sure that the questions are of good quality. Discussion related to swedish preschool curriculum and children's own perspective occurs throughout the study. But also an angle on the data via visual and auditory perspectives. In our study we have been able to see diversity in the respondents perceptions on including strategies. This means that there are varying direct inclusion opportunities for the children in the current environments. A diversity that may or may not be equivalent to children's individual needs. Proposals for further research is presented with alternatives for both qualitative and quantitative studies. The conclusion of the study is that strategies for inclusion are perceived differently depending on the staffs view of inclusion. With different perspectives of the concept, different including strategies are also used with children in practice and in the environment. It is advantageous in the Swedish sign language environment to access children’s own language, which includes an accessible environment that should be based on the child’s needs. A common aspect points to children’s inclusion to the extent that staff offer children inclusion. Regardless of children’s existence in the environment, children’s inclusion cannot take place unless staff are deliberately working to include all children despite requirements.
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Cramér-Wolrath, Emelie. "Signs of Acquiring Bimodal Bilingualism Differently : A Longitudinal Case Study of Mediating a Deaf and a Hearing Twin in a Deaf Family." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Specialpedagogiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-86237.
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This dissertation based on a case study explores the acquisition and the guidance of Swedish Sign Language and spoken Swedish over a span of seven years. Interactions between a pair of fraternal twins, one deaf and one hearing, and their Deaf[1] family were video-observed within the home setting. The thesis consists of a frame which provides an overview of the relationship between four studies. These describe and analyze mainly storytime sessions over time. The first article addresses attentional expressions between the participants; the second article studies the mediation of the deaf twin’s first language acquisition; the third article analyses the hearing twins acquisition of parallel bimodal bilingualism; the fourth article concerns second language acquisition, sequential bimodal bilingualism following a cochlear implant (CI). In the frame, theoretical underpinnings such as mediation and language acquisition were compiled, within a sociocultural frame. This synthesis of results provides important information; in the 12- and 13-month sessions simultaneous-tactile-looking was noted in interchanges between the twins and their mother; mediation of bilingualism was scaffolded by the caregivers with the hearing twin by inserting single vocal words or signs into the language base used at that time, a finding that differs from other reported studies; a third finding is the simultaneousness in which the deaf child’s Swedish Sign Language skill worked as a cultural tool, to build a second and spoken language. The findings over time revealed actions that included all the family members. Irrespective of the number of modes and varied types of communication with more than one child, mediation included following-in the child’s initiation, intersubjective meaningfulness and encouragement. In accordance with previous research, these factors seem to promote the acquisition of languages. In conclusion, these findings should also prove useful in the more general educational field. [1] Deaf with a capital ‘D’ is commonly used for cultural affiliation whereas lower case ‘d’, as in deaf, refers to audiological status (Monaghan, Schmaling, Nakamura & Turner, 2003).<br><p>Disputationen tolkas till svensk teckenspråk, hörselslinga finns.</p><p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Submitted. Paper 3: Accepted. Paper 4: Submitted.</p>
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Willing, Josephine. "Användning av perspektiv i svenskt teckenspråk hos hörande andraspråksinlärare." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-174636.
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I denna studie undersöker jag hur hörande vuxna andraspråksinlärare (L2) använder och utvecklar perspektiv i tre olika kategorier: karaktärens, observatörens ochblandat perspektivi svenskt teckenspråk under en tidsperiod på ett år. Målgruppens resultat har jämförts med en kontrollgrupp bestående av döva förstaspråkstalare (L1). Resultatet visar att målgruppen från andra inspelningstillfället till fjärde inspelningstillfället har utvecklat flera perspektiv i alla kategorier. När det gäller språkliga likheter och skillnader mellan målgruppen och kontrollgruppen är en tydlig likhet att alla uttrycker sina imiterande gester på samma sätt. Resultatet visar också att flera informanter i målgruppen använder dubbla referenter i teckenrummet. Det kan bero på att de föredrar observatörperspektivet eftersom de har svårigheter med blandat perspektiv. Kontrollgruppen har istället betydligt högre andel blandat perspektiv än målgruppen.<br>In this study, I investigate how hearing adult second language (L2) learners use and develop perspective in the three different categories – character, observerand mixed perspective– in Swedish Sign Language over the course of one year. The results of the target group are compared to those of a control group consisting of deaf first language (L1) users. The results show that the target group, between the second and fourth recording session, has developed multiple perspectives in all categories. Furthermore, linguistic similarities and differences between target and control groups are investigated, one similarity being that all informants express imitating gestures in the same way. The results show that several informants in the target group use double referents in signing space. This may be a consequence of their preference for observer perspective, since they have difficulties with mixed perspectives. Conversely, the control group has a considerably higher percentage of mixed perspectives than the target group.