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Książki na temat „Syndrome sein”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 30 listopada 2024

Data aktualizacji: 31 lipca 2025

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1

Brown, Phil. Toxic exposures: Contested illnesses and the environmental health movement. Columbia University Press, 2007.

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2

Irene, Diekmann, Schoeps Julius H. 1942-, and Moses Mendelssohn-Zentrum für Europäisch-Jüdische Studien., eds. Das Wilkomirski-Syndrom: Eingebildete Erinnerungen, oder, Von der Sehnsucht, Opfer zu sein. Pendo, 2002.

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3

Brandl, Katrin. Hans-guck-in-die-Luft und Zappelphilipp in Musikschule und allgemein bildender Schule: Medizinische Grundlagen, heilpädagogische und soziale Aspekte des Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit/Hyperaktivititäts-Syndroms und seine Beeinflussbarkeit durch Musikerziehung. Musikverlag Muth, 2004.

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4

Brown, Phil. Toxic Exposures. Columbia University Press, 2007.

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5

Dionisi-Vici, Carlo, Diego Martinelli, Enrico Bertini, and Claude Bachmann. HHH Syndrome. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199972135.003.0020.

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Hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria (HHH) syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder of the urea cycle characterized by impaired transport of ornithine across the inner mitochondrial membrane. As seen in other urea cycle defects, in the acute phase the disease is characterized by intermittent episodes of hyperammonemia accompanied by vomiting, lethargy, and coma, with or without signs of acute liver failure. The disease course is characterized by a pyramidal tract dysfunction associated with myoclonic seizures and cerebellar symptoms. Most patients reaching adulthood manifest v

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6

Heidet, Laurence, Bertrand Knebelmann, and Marie Claire Gubler. Alport syndrome. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0322_update_001.

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This chapter describes the clinical features of Alport syndrome. The characteristic features of this familial condition are haematuria with progressive nephropathy and sensorineural hearing loss. Most cases are X-linked so this is typically seen in boys and young men, but female heterozygous (‘carriers’) of X-linked Alport syndrome are also at significant risk of renal disease in their lifetime. The average age of end-stage renal failure is in the third or fourth decade. Those with autosomal recessive disease (approximately 15%) show a similar phenotype. Hearing loss characteristically develop

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7

Pitt, Matthew. Nerve damage and entrapment syndromes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754596.003.0005.

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In this chapter, the pathological classification of nerve damage using the Sunderland classification is described. The neurophysiological findings that allow distinction between neurapraxia, axonotmesis, and neurotmesis are highlighted. Nerve entrapment syndromes involving the upper and lower limb are discussed according to the nerve involved, with particular emphasis on those commonly seen in children. In the upper limb, median, ulnar, and radial nerve entrapments are described with particular emphasis on the carpal tunnel syndrome in mucopolysaccharidosis. Also mentioned here are the thoraci

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8

Rajakrishna, Premil, Stewart Cameron, and Neil Turner. Nephrotic syndrome. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0052.

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Nephrotic syndrome is the constellation of manifestations seen in patients with such severe proteinuria that serum albumin falls below normal levels. Its severity and the risk of complications are graded by the severity of the protein loss. The risks of some complications begin to rise at levels of proteinuria below those conventionally associated with nephrotic syndrome. The main manifestation, oedema, is characterized by avid sodium retention and managed by sodium restriction and diuretics. A pronounced thrombotic tendency is particularly apparent within the first 6 months of diagnosis and i

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9

Niaudet, Patrick, and Alain Meyrier. Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0054_update_001.

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Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is defined by the combination of massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia, hyperlipidaemia, and oedema, and of non-specific histological abnormalities of the glomeruli. Light microscopy may disclose minimal change disease, diffuse mesangial proliferation, or focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS). The two main causes of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome are characterized histologically. On electron microscopy the glomerular capillaries show a fusion of visceral epithelial cell (podocyte) foot processes and with the exception of some variants no significant deposits

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10

Yurdakul, Sebahattin, Emire Seyahi, and Hasan Yazici. Behçet’s syndrome. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0135.

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Behçet's syndrome is a systemic inflammatory panvasculitis (affecting all sizes of vessels) of unknown aetiology. It is in vogue to include it among the systemic autoinflammatory conditions. Behçet's syndrome is more frequent along the ancient 'Silk Route' across Asia than it is in Western countries. The usual onset is the second or third decade, equally affecting either gender. However, young patients and male patients have more severe disease. Almost all patients have recurrent oral ulceration. Scar-forming genital ulcers, a variety of skin lesions including acneiform, erythema nodosum-like

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11

Thornton, Kevin, and Michael Gropper. Diagnosis, assessment, and management of hyperthermic crises. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0247.

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Malignant hyperthermia, the neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), and the serotonin syndrome are the principal disorders associated with life-threatening hyperthermia in the intensive care unit. While each is a clinically unique entity, all can progress to multisystem organ dysfunction with acidosis, shock, and death. MH usually results from exposure to halogenated volatile anaesthetics and/or succinylcholine and symptoms of increased CO2 production and respiratory acidosis progress rapidly without prompt intervention, including the administration of dantrolene. NMS is a syndrome of rigidity a

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12

Kau, Sebastian. Lesch-Nyhan-Syndrom und Seine Heilpädagogische Relevanz. GRIN Verlag GmbH, 2013.

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13

Trott, Götz-Erik. Das hyperkinetische Syndrom und seine medikamentöse Behandlung. Hogrefe-Verlag, 1993.

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14

Vester, Udo, and Stefanie Weber. Branchio-oto-renal syndrome. Edited by Adrian Woolf. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0358.

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Branchio-oto-renal (BOR) syndrome involves branchial arch fistulas or cysts, ear malformations with hearing loss, and anomalies of the kidney. BOR syndrome is inherited in an autosomal dominant trait and is caused in most cases by mutations in the EYA1 gene. A few families with gene mutations in SIX1 or SIX5 have also been described. The variability of clinical symptoms is wide. Renal involvement is observed in the majority of cases ranging from mild anomalies (e.g. dilation or duplication of the urinary tract) to severe hypodysplasia of the kidneys which eventually lead to renal failure. Bran

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15

Lawton, Suzanne C. Asperger Syndrome. Praeger, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400615344.

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Asperger Syndrome now affects an estimated 10 million children and adults in the United States. Here, Lawton takes an evenhanded look at AS, its development and symptoms, the biological and potential genetic components, the associated physical complaints, and how natural medicine can help. She includes a history of early treatment and current drug and psychotherapy treatments, and explains how diet, blood sugar, and food sensitivities or allergies can play a role. She also looks at the controversy over vaccinations and explains blood tests that can pinpoint a rationale for herbal and homeopath

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16

Neary, John, and Neil Turner. Nutcracker syndrome and phenomenon. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0048.

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Nutcracker syndrome describes symptomatology associated with obstruction to the left renal vein caused by pressure from the overlying superior mesenteric artery. Modern imaging methods show that some degree of left renal vein obstruction may be a common incidental finding in asymptomatic patients so it is better described as ‘nutcracker phenomenon’, NCP. The association of NCP with symptoms and signs is often speculative. NCP may be seen at any age but most patients with symptoms attributed to it are teenagers or young adults. The strongest evidence is for association with episodic macroscopic

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17

Beal, Jules C., Monika Eisermann, Sunita Misra, et al. Seizures and Epilepsy in Preterm and Term Neonates, Infants, Children, and Adolescents. Edited by Donald L. Schomer and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0018.

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Children are often affected by seizure types and epilepsy syndromes that are specific to their age group and distinct from those seen in adults. At the same time, certain epilepsy syndromes affecting the adult population, such as Lennox–Gastaut syndrome and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, often begin during childhood, as do seizures related to genetic abnormalities. The use of electroencephalography (EEG) and prolonged EEG monitoring has allowed for further insight and greater specificity in identifying and understanding seizures and epilepsy syndromes in children. This chapter reviews the role o

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18

Nita, Dragos A., Miguel A. Cortez, Jose Luis Perez Velazquez, and O. Carter Snead. Biological Bases of Symptomatic Generalized Epilepsies in Children. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0040.

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Symptomatic generalized epilepsies represent a group of challenging epilepsy syndromes, most often seen in children, which share the hallmark of a triad encompassing multiple seizure types, electroencephalographical (EEG) evidence of diffuse brain involvement, and dysfunction in the intellectual domain (global developmental delay or mental retardation). SGEs include the early myoclonic encephalopathy, early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (Ohtahara syndrome), West syndrome, epilepsy with myoclonic-astatic seizures, epilepsy with myoclonic absence, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, and the progressiv

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19

Teixeira, Antonio, Erin Furr Stimming, and William G. Ondo, eds. Movement Disorders in Psychiatry. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197574317.001.0001.

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Abstract Movement Disorders in Psychiatry examines the complex interface between movement disorders and psychiatry, addressing both specific movement disorders in psychiatry, and behavioral syndromes associated with diseases categorized as movement disorders. After an overview of the clinical definitions and pathophysiology of movement disorders in Part 1, Part 2 reviews a series of movement disorders associated with drugs of abuse and psychotropic medications, including tardive dyskinesia, akathisia, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Part 3 discusses movement disorders seen in primary psych

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20

Turner, Neil, and Premil Rajakrishna. Pathophysiology of oedema in nephrotic syndrome. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0053.

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The mechanism by which loss of serum proteins into the urine causes expansion of extracellular fluid volume and oedema has become clearer. A key initiating abnormality is avid sodium retention by the kidney, leading to increased whole-body sodium and increased extracellular fluid volume. This appears to be driven primarily by overactivation of the amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in the collecting duct, activated proteolytically through abnormal filtration of plasminogen, and its activation to plasmin in the nephron. Conventional explanations for nephrotic oedema focused on

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21

Vasudev, Akshya. Manic syndromes in old age. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199644957.003.0044.

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Manic syndromes in the elderly are different from those seen in the younger bipolar population. They are a heterogenous group but can probably be divided into two main groups based on age of onset of the illness: late onset bipolar disorder (LOB) and early onset bipolar disorder (EOB). This chapter elaborates on differences in these two groups based on epidemiological data findings, clinical presentation, aetiopathogenesis and management. Latest concepts with regards to the vascular mania hypothesis, neuroimaging findings, cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder are also dealt with. A critica

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22

Firth, Helen V., and Jane A. Hurst. Common consultations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199557509.003.0003.

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This chapter presents some of the disorders more commonly seen in a genetics clinic from achondroplasia to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, Alport syndrome, androgen insensitivity syndrome, Angelman syndrome, Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, glaucoma, haemochromatosis, hereditary spastic paraplegias, Leigh encephalopathy, Marfan’s syndrome, Noonan syndrome, and many others. It gives an explanation of the clinical approach, the history, the examination, the investigation, and the diagnosis and lists the support groups.

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23

Preece, Lindsey Henderson. Out of Breath a Memoir: Sean Henderson and His True Adventures with Proteus Syndrome. BookBaby, 2019.

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24

Das AD/HS-Syndrom beim Kind und die Bedeutung für seine Familie. GRIN Verlag GmbH, 2007.

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25

Leierseder, Joseph. Das Kompartment-Syndrom des Unterschenkels und seine Folgezustände: Pathoätiologie, Diagnose und Therapie. 1987.

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26

Baloh, Robert W. Hallpike Defines the Syndrome of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190600129.003.0016.

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In 1952, Charles Hallpike and Margaret Dix published a paper in which they described the clinical profile of three of the most common causes of vertigo—Ménière’s disease, vestibular neuronitis, and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Their strategy was simple: First, identify the symptoms and natural history of the disease, then document the physical signs associated with the disease, and finally, when possible, correlate the clinical features with histological studies of the temporal bones. They provided the first clear clinical description and the first pathology associated with the

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27

Wefer, Indra. Sahel-Syndrom Als ein Fallbeispiel des Syndromansatzes und Seine Anwendung in der Schule. GRIN Verlag GmbH, 2010.

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Carstensen, Sarah. Welche Voraussetzungen Müssen Für eine Erfolgreiche Integration Von Kindern Mit down-Syndrom in Den Regelkindergarten Gegeben Sein? GRIN Verlag GmbH, 2018.

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Katirji, Bashar. Case 23. Edited by Bashar Katirji. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190603434.003.0027.

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Guillain-Barré syndrome is the prototype of acute immune-mediated neuropathies. Guillain-Barré syndrome has several subtypes including acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, acute motor axonal neuropathy, and acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy. Guillain-Barré syndrome has also several variants including Miller Fisher syndrome, ataxic form, and pharyngeal–cervical–brachial form. This case highlights the clinical findings in Guillain-Barré syndrome and discusses in details the diagnostic criteria that are essential in confirming the diagnosis and excluding mimickers of the disorder.

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Orlikowski, David, and Tarek Sharshar. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and assessment of neuromuscular syndromes. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0243.

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Admission to ICU with severe limb weakness, or the occurrence of a respiratory or motor deficit, and failure to wean from mechanical ventilation while in the intensive care unit are common presentations of a neuromuscular disease. Neuromuscular diseases include neuronopathies, neuropathies, myasthenic syndromes, and myopathies. An accurate neurological examination and complementary investigations are necessary for both diagnosis and for evaluating the severity of the disease. Assessment of respiratory muscle function is a key step in deciding the need for mechanical ventilation and subsequentl

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Shrivastava, Seema, Beverley J. Hunt, and Anthony Dorling. Coagulopathies in chronic kidney disease. Edited by David J. Goldsmith. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0135.

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Coagulation abnormalities are common in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Both haemorrhage and thrombosis are more common than in the general population. Haemorrhage, when it occurs, is associated with increased morbidity and mortality compared to that seen in non-uraemic patients. It is more likely spontaneously, but particularly in association with anti-platelet agents or anticoagulants. The increased risk of both arterial and venous thrombosis occurs in part because of the increase prevalence of traditional risk factors for thrombosis in CKD, in part because of the specific problems associated

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Sybert, Virginia P. Disorders of Subcutaneous Tissue. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780195397666.003.0006.

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Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis – Familial Multiple Lipomatosis – Familial Symmetric Lipomatosis – Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva – Lipogranulomatosis – Partial Lipodystrophy – Seip-Berardinelli Syndrome

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Burrell, James R., and John R. Hodges. Dementia. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199658602.003.0010.

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Cognitive neurology has exploded over the last century, and especially over the last 20 years. From the distinction of dementia as a pathological entity, rather than just ‘normal’ ageing, to more sophisticated sub-classification of dementia syndromes, much has been learned, though great challenges remain. From an incredible array of worthy research studies, ten landmark papers in the field of dementia are presented in this chapter. With regard to Alzheimer’s disease, the following are discussed: the initial description of the disease, both clinically and pathologically; the development of mean

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Das Hollywood-Syndrom: Wer schläft schon gern mit Barbie-Puppen-- : von der Angst, nicht schön genug zu sein. Mosaik Verlag, 1993.

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Hodges, John R. Localized Cognitive Functions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198749189.003.0003.

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This chapter discusses localized cognitive functions. The functions ascribed to the dominant, usually left, cerebral hemisphere show much more clear-cut laterality than those associated with the so-called minor hemisphere. This applies particularly to spoken language. This chapter discusses aspects of normal and abnormal language function in the framework of contemporary cognitive neuroscience with descriptions of the classic post-stroke variants of aphasia (Broca’s, Wernicke’s, conduction, etc.) although these are rarely seen in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. There is also a descr

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36

Walsh, Richard A. “I Have Never Seen Anything Like It Before”. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190607555.003.0024.

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Functional movement disorders represent up to 20% of cases referred to some movement disorders clinics. The longer the symptoms are present,, the lower the success rate in resolving functional syndromes. A good knowledge of the positive features on clinical examination that facilitate an early diagnosis is important. Psychiatric or psychological factors need not be present at the time of presentation to make a diagnosis of functional disease. This assists in the diagnosis and may allow closer and valuable involvement from psychiatry colleagues. Close and primary involvement of a neurologist to

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Sills, Irene N., and Martin M. Fisher, eds. AM:STARs: Advances in the Treatment of Endocrine Disorders in Adolescents, Vol. 26, No. 2. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781581109498.

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There are a series of endocrine disorders that can affect adolescents, some of which are related to growth and development and others that can occur at any age but may have specific implication for the adolescent age group. This issue provides a comprehensive update of endocrine issues seen in adolescents, with a focus on recent advances in diagnosis and treatment. Contents in Advances in the Treatment of Endocrine Disorders in Adolescents include Thyroid Disorders Update on Diabetes Melitus Disorders of Growth and Puberty Bone Health in Adolescents Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Adrenal Disorder

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Bodor, Marko, Sean Colio, and Christopher Bonzon. Hand and Wrist Injections: Ultrasound. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199908004.003.0045.

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Two basic ultrasound-guided approaches are used for procedures to diagnose and treat chronic pain in the upper extremity. The short-axis approach is best for injections of superficial, vertically oriented joints, whereas the long-axis approach is best for relatively deep injections and more open joints or whenever it is necessary for the needle to be seen at all times. Ultrasound can guide injections for nerve compressions. Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common peripheral nerve entrapment syndrome. Ulnar tunnel syndrome occurs in the setting of space-occupying lesions. Ultrasonography can

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Sybert, Virginia P. Disorders of Subcutaneous Tissue. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190276478.003.0006.

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Chapter 6 covers Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis, Familial Multiple Lipomatosis, Familial Symmetric Lipomatosis, Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva, Lipogranulomatosis, Partial Lipodystrophy, and Berardinelli-Seip Syndrome. Each condition is discussed in detail, including dermatologic features, associated anomalies, histopathology, basic defect, treatment, mode of inheritance, prenatal diagnosis, and differential diagnosis.

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Muchowski, Karen. Pain and Addiction in Patients with Fibromyalgia (DRAFT). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190265366.003.0028.

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The opening passages in this discussion of the interface between fibromyalgia, a chronic pain syndrome, and addiction describe background pathophysiology. Typical patients are discussed in terms of their historic and physical findings, leading to a review of the non-pharmacological and pharmacological managements available for this syndrome. While the diagnosis of fibromyalgia is commonly mischaracterized as attention-seeking behavior or feigned helplessness, many of the behaviors seen in fibromyalgia also are present in other, more accepted chronic disorders, from diabetes to HIV disease. Pro

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Płońska-Gościniak, Edyta, Michal Ciurzynski, Marcin Fijalkowski, et al. Cardiac involvement in systemic diseases. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198726012.003.0057.

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Cardiovascular features in systemic diseases are common. Transthoracic echocardiography represents a first-line diagnostic tool among these patients. Pericarditis is the most frequent cardiac complication of rheumatoid arthritis. In systemic lupus erythematosus, echocardiography shows usually small or moderate pericardial effusion in up to 55% of patients. In this group, Libman-Sacks vegetations develop mainly on the mitral valve but also can be seen on other valves. Pulmonary hypertension is one of the most important complications adversely influencing survival of systemic sclerosis patients.

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Soni, Neil. Assessment and management of fat embolism. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0337.

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Fat embolism syndrome is a complication of a range of conditions. It is hard to prevent, difficult to diagnose, and there is no specific effective treatment. The syndrome is composed of respiratory, haematological, neurological, and cutaneous symptoms and signs associated with trauma, in particular long bone fractures, and other disparate surgical and medical conditions. It most commonly follows orthopaedic surgery, but can also follow liposuction and medical conditions, as disparate as cardiopulmonary resuscitation and sickle cell disease are possible precipitants. The pathogenesis is still d

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Baumgaertner, Annette. Mixed Transcortical Aphasia: Repetition without Meaning. Edited by Anastasia M. Raymer and Leslie J. Gonzalez Rothi. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199772391.013.10.

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Although mixed transcortical aphasia (MTA) is a rare syndrome, it constitutes an interesting case for modern neuroanatomically driven language models. This is because its existence may be seen as congruent with the assumption of an independently operating “dorsal stream” in language processing. Predicted by the earliest models of language processing in the brain, the syndrome also pushes the boundaries of neurolinguistic model building because its symptoms arise from an interplay between partially preserved linguistic functions and partially disrupted amodal higher-order cognitive control mech

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Katirji, Bashar. Electrodiagnostic Findings in Neuromuscular Disorders. Edited by Bashar Katirji. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190603434.003.0004.

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Neuromuscular disorders are often classified into four major categories: anterior horn cell disorders, peripheral neuropathies, neuromuscular junction disorders and myopathies. This chapter discusses the electrodiagnostic and clinical EMG findings in these various neuromuscular disorders. Peripheral neuropathies are subdivided into focal mononeuropathies, radiculopathies, plexopathies and generalized peripheral polyneuropathies. Focal peripheral nerve lesions and generalized peripheral polyneuropathies may be axonal or demyelinating, and manifest quite distinctly on nerve conduction studies. N

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Miller, Aaron E., and Teresa M. DeAngelis. NMDA Receptor Encephalitis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199732920.003.0029.

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NMDA receptor encephalitis is a rare and underdiagnosed autoimmune mediated, often paraneoplastic, syndrome seen in young women with idiopathic neuropsychiatric illness. It is a potentially fatal illness and early identification and treatment can have critical prognostic implications. In this chapter, we review the typical clinical and laboratory features, which should raise suspicion for this condition, and therapeutic and supportive care recommendations.

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Rossor, Martin. Neuropsychological disorders, dementia, and behavioural neurology. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569381.003.0755.

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The diseases which disrupt the cerebral cortex and its subcortical connections result in a wide variety of clinical features. These include the classical syndromes of higher cortical dysfunction such as the dysphasias, dyspraxias, amnesias, and agnosias together with a wide variety of behavioural and emotional disturbances. Such disorders frequently overlap with the clinical disciplines of clinical psychology and psychiatry. Historically there has been a broad split between those diseases which are seen by neurologists and those that are seen by psychiatrists. To some extent the distinction re

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Gala, Raj J., and James Yue. Lumbar Neurogenic Claudication. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190626761.003.0010.

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Lumbar neurogenic claudication, sometimes referred to as pseudoclaudication, is the clinical syndrome of back pain radiating down one or both legs during ambulation. Classically, the symptoms abate with forward flexion of the lumbar spine and worsen with extension. The condition arises from lumbar spinal stenosis, which is common in the elderly population. Many asymptomatic individuals have lumbar spinal stenosis seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), so this syndrome is a clinical diagnosis. The majority of patients have favorable responses with conservative treatment, which includes physi

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Beattie, R. Mark, Anil Dhawan, and John W.L. Puntis. Gastrointestinal polyposis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569862.003.0031.

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Hamartoms 220Adenomas 221Hyperplastic polyps 221Inflammatory polyps 222Polyps generally present with painless rectal bleeding or through genetic screening of affected families with polyposis syndromes. There are various types, as listed in Table 31.1. Juvenile polyps (hamartomas) are the most commonly seen and generally benign....

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Chung, Melissa, and Warren Lo. Pediatric Stroke. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0106.

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A variety of congenital and genetic disorders not seen frequently in adults may be responsible for stroke in infants and children. Stroke in newborn infants is as common as stroke in elderly individuals due to risk factor such as congenital heart disease, thrombophilia associated with polycythemia in neonates and genetic disorders, high estrogen impact from the mother during pregnancy, and inflammation due to infections. Stroke can also be caused by genetic disorders such as Ehleers-Danlos syndrome, Sturge-Weber syndrome, and vasculopathies such as lupus and fibromuscular dysplasia. Arterial d

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Libon, David J., Melissa Lamar, Rodney A. Swenson, and Kenneth M. Heilman, eds. Vascular Disease, Alzheimer's Disease, and Mild Cognitive Impairment. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190634230.001.0001.

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Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia are acknowledged as the two most common types of dementia. Each of these dementia syndromes are associated with prodromal clinical syndromes, often referred to as mild cognitive impairment. Recent research has demonstrated considerable heterogeneity regarding the underlying neuropathology associated with these dementia syndromes and their prodromal disorders. Thus, it is often difficult to understand how or what underlying biological substrate is actually responsible for the alterations in neurocognition and behaviour as seen in clinical evaluations. T

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