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J, Stonier Russel, i Xing Huo-yu, red. Complex systems: Mechanism of adaptation. Amsterdam: IOS Press, 1994.
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Stonier, Russel J., i Xing Huo Yu. Complex systems: Mechanism of adaptation. Amsterdam: IOS Press, 1994.
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J, Morowitz Harold, i Singer Jerome L, red. The mind, the brain, and complex adaptive systems. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., 1995.
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Bukov, Valentin, Andrey Ageev, Aleksandr Evgenov i Vladimir Shurman. Redundancy management of technical systems. A supervisory way to manage configurations. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1959232.
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The monograph is devoted to the issue of redundancy management of technical systems in the interests of giving them the properties of survivability, fault tolerance, fault safety, adaptation to changing operating conditions and rational use of available resources. Attention is focused on the supervisory approach to the redundancy management of technical systems based on specially introduced software and logic structures — configuration supervisors. Ideas and solutions on the information structure and control algorithms for reconfiguring avionics complexes with redundancy of heterogeneous non-universal components are systematically presented.
Designed for students and postgraduates of technical universities, as well as researchers and designers specializing in the development, research and testing of reconfigurable technical systems.
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Elle, Klaus. Metaphorical Management: Using Intuition and Creativity as a Control Mechanism for Complex Systems. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2012.
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Kolomyc, Erland. Monitoring the sustainable development of forest ecosystems in a changing climate. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2056726.
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The monograph presents a working concept of the theory and methods of terrestrial geosystem monitoring of forests. For the first time, the complete triad of monitoring is considered in its classical definition: "observation (assessment of the state) - control (forecasting) - management (adaptation, feedback, regulation)". The patterns of local and regional response of forests to global climate change are described. The entire array of scientific and methodological developments is systematized in such a way as to reveal the content of geo-ecological monitoring using multidimensional system analysis enriched with empirical and statistical models of basic and predicted states, geo (eco) systems as integral dynamic formations. Forecasts of changes in the biological cycle, including forest productivity, are given. Analytical and cartographic models of functional stability of forest ecosystems are presented. Quantitative forecast estimates of the local and regional regulation of the carbon cycle by forest ecosystems in the context of modern global warming are presented.
For students, postgraduates and young scientists studying landscape ecology, environmental modeling and forecasting.
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Agafonov, Vyacheslav, Sergey Bogolyubov, Liya Vasil'eva, Galina Vyphanova, Dmitriy Gorohov, Natal'ya Zhavoronkova, Inna Ignat'eva i in. Sources of environmental law. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1913253.
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The monograph summarizes new relevant materials and topics. The study of the sources (forms) of environmental and natural resource law, legislation on environmental assessment and environmental control (supervision), provisions of land and other codes as forms of law, mechanisms for regulating environmental management, as well as the evolution of sources of law in the field of agriculture.
The complex nature of environmental law is demonstrated, the constitutional, legislative, and political foundations of environmental development, the unified state environmental policy of the Russian Federation and a number of foreign states are outlined. The genesis and systematization of forms of atmospheric air protection, specially protected natural territories of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan, legal regulation of waste management, international and national measures of adaptation to climate change are reflected.
The legislation on land reclamation, land management, subsoil use, forest management, water use, fishing and conservation of aquatic biological resources in the system of sources of environmental law is analyzed; the issues of intersectoral communication of environmental, urban planning, information, energy, civil legislation and law are considered.
Examples from the field of law enforcement are given. The idea of ecologization of sources (forms), institutions, categories, norms of branches of Russian law is being developed.
For lawyers — scientists and practitioners, teachers, postgraduates, masters, law students, and other specialists interested in the theory and practice of lawmaking and the application of environmental law.
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(Editor), R. J. Stonier, i Xing Huo Yu (Editor), red. Complex Systems: Mechanism of Adaptation,. Ios Pr Inc, 1994.
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Welch, John Joseph. Rates of adaptation in complex genetic systems. 2004.
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Solé, Ricard, i Santiago F. Elena. Viruses As Complex Adaptive Systems. Princeton University Press, 2018.
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Zouari, Farouk. Sur la Commande Adaptative Neuronale de Systemes Dynamiques Complexes. GRIN Verlag GmbH, 2015.
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Signals and Boundaries: Building Blocks for Complex Adaptive Systems. MIT Press, 2014.
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Soukhovolsky, Vladislav G., Karl Y. Biel i Irina R. Fomina. Complex Biological Systems: Adaptation and Tolerance to Extreme Environments. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2018.
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Complex Biological Systems: Adaptation and Tolerance to Extreme Environments. Wiley-Scrivener, 2018.
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Soukhovolsky, Vladislav G., Karl Y. Biel i Irina R. Fomina. Complex Biological Systems: Adaptation and Tolerance to Extreme Environments. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2018.
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Soukhovolsky, Vladislav G., Karl Y. Biel i Irina R. Fomina. Complex Biological Systems: Adaptation and Tolerance to Extreme Environments. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2018.
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H, Holland John. Signals and Boundaries: Building Blocks for Complex Adaptive Systems. MIT Press, 2018.
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H, Holland John. Signals and Boundaries: Building Blocks for Complex Adaptive Systems. MIT Press, 2012.
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Atreya, Chloe E. Invisible Cities: A Metaphorical Complex Adaptive System. Festina Lente Press, 2004.
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McGrath, Joseph Edward, Holly Arrow i Jennifer L. Berdahl. Small Groups As Complex Systems: Formation, Coordination, Development, and Adaptation. SAGE Publications, Incorporated, 2012.
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Small Groups as Complex Systems: Formation, Coordination, Development, and Adaptation. Sage Publications, Inc, 2000.
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Small Groups as Complex Systems: Formation, Coordination, Development, and Adaptation. 2000.
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Small Groups as Complex Systems: Formation, Coordination, Development, and Adaptation. Sage Publications, Inc, 2000.
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Booker, Lashon, Stephanie Forrest, Melanie Mitchell i Rick Riolo, red. Perspectives on Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195162929.001.0001.
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This book is a collection of essays exploring adaptive systems from many perspectives, ranging from computational applications to models of adaptation in living and social systems. The essays on computation discuss history, theory, applications, and possible threats of adaptive and evolving computations systems. The modeling chapters cover topics such as evolution in microbial populations, the evolution of cooperation, and how ideas about evolution relate to economics. The title Perspectives on Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems honors John Holland, whose 1975 Book, Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems has become a classic text for many disciplines in which adaptation play a central role. The essays brought together here were originally written to honor John Holland, and span most of the different areas touched by his wide-ranging and influential research career. The authors include some of the most prominent scientists in the fields of artificial intelligence evolutionary computation, and complex adaptive systems. Taken together, these essays present a broad modern picture of current research on adaptation as it relates to computers, living systems, society, and their complex interactions.
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Computational Beauty of Nature: Computer Explorations of Fractals, Chaos, Complex Systems, and Adaptation. MIT Press, 2013.
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Flake, Gary William. The Computational Beauty of Nature: Computer Explorations of Fractals, Chaos, Complex Systems, and Adaptation. The MIT Press, 2000.
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The computational beauty of nature: Computer explorations of fractals, chaos, complex systems, and adaptation. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1998.
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Morowitz, Harold J. Mind, the Brain and Complex Adaptive Systems. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
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Singer, Jerome L., i Harold J. Morowitz. Mind the Brain and Complex Adaptive Systems. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.
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Morowitz, Harold J. Mind, the Brain and Complex Adaptive Systems. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
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(Editor), Jean-Arcady Meyer, i Stewart W. Wilson (Editor), red. From Animals to Animats: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior (Complex Adaptive Systems). The MIT Press, 1991.
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Phillips, Jonathan D. Mysterious Ways. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/9780197755129.001.0001.
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Abstract What stories should we, and could we, tell about nature, about Earth surface systems and landscapes? According to this book, stories of continuous and ongoing transformative, recursive, emergent evolution, as well as tales of everything, including humans, connected to everything else, told with an emphasis on an integrated approach to landscape evolution—stories of complex interactions and coevolution and of historical and geographical and scale contingency. Our narratives will include supra-organic notions and system-level evolution; they will incorporate multiple possibilities and pathways and efficiency selection. We will tell stories of adaptation and creativity. The settings will be perfect, uniquely determined by combinations of laws, place, and history. We will tell of mysterious ways, which turn out to be not so mysterious after all.
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Verstraten, Frans A. J., i Peter J. Bex. The Motion Aftereffect. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0082.
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The aftereffect of motion is one of the oldest known illusions. It refers to the illusory motion of a stationary scene after some time of adaptation to real motion. While it is still unknown whether this adaptation effect has any functional value, it surely has served well as a tool to investigate the functional organization of the visual system. In this chapter some of the classic findings are discussed. More recent work using complex stimuli, attentional modulation, higher order motion, as well as modern neuro-imaging techniques has provided vision scientists with surprising new insights. Discussion of the related concepts of motion perception, motion transparency, and interocular transfer are included.
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Radford, Mark. Surgical care models. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642663.003.0003.
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The delivery of surgical care in modern healthcare systems has undergone a significant change in recent years. Increasing patient demands, and technological and pharmacological advances have enabled more complex surgery to be undertaken on patients with greater co-morbidities. In addition, new techniques have seen the development of day and short-stay surgery, enabling patients to spend less time in hospitals. These advances have required significant adaptation of surgical nursing skills, and this chapter gives an outline context to new models of surgery and the implications for nursing.
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Alfredo, Ollero Ojeda, Conesa García Carmelo i Vidal-Abarca Gutiérrez María Rosario, red. A GUIDE TO GOOD PRACTICES FOR THE MANAGEMENT AND RESTORATION OF MEDITERRANEAN EPHEMERAL STREAMS:RESILIENCE AND ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE. Editum. Ediciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/editum.2912.
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Ephemeral channels (ramblas or dry channels - except in sudden occasional flash foods) are prevalent in the Mediterranean, where they make up most of the fluvial network. They are fundamental natural systems in the hydrological cycle for transporting water, sediment and nutrients, and, therefore, are excellent indicators of climate and global change. Their promotion, the recognition of their role, their hydromorphological values and ecosystemic services are all absolutely essential for understanding their level of resilience and contribution to adapting to climate change. And it is urgent for us to work on their management, recovery and conservation, because overall they are subjected to strong pressures and are being greatly damaged. This guide warns the reader about the multiple impacts these channels are subjected to, it informs us about their important Mediterranean heritage, which is so underestimated and ignored; and it proposes 33 good practices for their management and recovery. It is a book that can offer ideas to the people responsible for managing them, but is aimed at the whole of society, because the challenge is very complex: we have to recover ephemeral channels by improving understanding and raising awareness. And we must act quickly, because it is already late and until now practically nothing has been done to respect, protect and recover these vital fluvial systems on our land. This is our challenge.
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Karoly, Paul, i Geert Crombez, red. Motivational Perspectives on Chronic Pain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190627898.001.0001.
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This edited volume is the first to present a cohesive account of adaptation to chronic pain from a motivational perspective. Across the 15 chapters, scholars from diverse domains of psychology explore the multileveled and bidirectional nature of pain and motivation, drawing from a broad array of constructs, including self-regulation, goal systems, cognitive control, attention, conflict, interpersonal processes, coping, conditioning, and stress reactivity. Also addressed is the relation between pain and psychopathology, the nature of pain-affect dynamics, and the neural mechanisms underlying the pain experience. Applied considerations are presented in chapters on Motivational Interviewing, ACT, Internet-based methods, and related clinical topics. Our volume provides an up-to-date compendium of cutting-edge research and interventions that collectively illustrate the utility of viewing chronic pain as neither a “disease” nor an imposed lifestyle, but as the emergent and potentially flexible product of a complex transactional system that is bounded by sociocultural factors, on the one hand, and by biogenetic and neural moderating forces on the other. The chapters capture the vibrancy of current theory, research, and practice while pointing toward unexplored new directions. Students and seasoned pain researchers will find within the motivation-centered framework a host of intriguing ideas to complement extant formulations. And those engaged in treating/training persons with chronic pain will discover the unique, integrative value of motivational models.
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Frid, Christopher L. J., i Bryony A. Caswell. The future ocean. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198726289.003.0008.
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This chapter considers the future ocean: how it will be used by humanity, the threats from marine pollution and other synergistic human pressures. By 2050, the global population will have doubled in less than 100 years. Thus, more food, energy, transportation and waste disposal will be required. Increasing demands will be placed on ecosystems and their natural resilience will be tested to the limit. The oceans are complex dynamic systems and predicting their future state is difficult. Adaptation to these changes will require a robust scientific understanding of human impacts, their nature and scale and the options for remediation. As new materials are developed the challenges to marine pollution science continue to arise. However, as demonstrated in this book cost-effective technological solutions are not always possible. It is therefore critical that natural scientists, engineers, economists and social scientists work together to make marine pollution ‘a solvable problem’.
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Mitchell, Stuart, Marc Sampson i Anthony Bateman, red. Structured Clinical Management (SCM) for Personality Disorder. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780198851523.001.0001.
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The original manual for structured clinical management (SCM) was first published 8 years ago. Since then, there have been changes in classification, understanding, and treatment of borderline personality disorder (BPD). In parallel to these changes, generalist treatments for BPD such as SCM have been fully implemented in many organizations across the United Kingdom, Europe, and elsewhere. However, implementation of treatments and treatment approaches in clinical services are fraught with difficulties and clinical leads, operational managers, and practitioners alike grapple with how to implement SCM across complex mental health systems. The aim of this book is to provide guidance on how clinical teams, services, and organizations may implement SCM in clinical services. A range of clinical experts, researchers, service users, carers, and practitioners of SCM have contributed chapters from across the United Kingdom and Europe. Each chapter outlines a core aspect of the SCM model or its adaptation and delivery in clinical services. Key principles are highlighted in each chapter with clinical examples of application.
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Murray, Bob, i W. Larry Kenney. Practical Guide to Exercise Physiology. Wyd. 2. Human Kinetics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781718220959.
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Practical Guide to Exercise Physiology guides readers through the scientific concepts of exercise physiology with highly visual, easy-to-follow content. The text applies complex concepts of physiology to exercise program design, giving personal trainers, strength and conditioning specialists, and other health and fitness professionals an accessible resource to use with their clients. Written specifically for those in the fitness industry, the text covers various training goals and considerations when working with clients and athletes at all levels. This guide takes an application-based approach in describing intricate physiological processes so that professionals can select and explain the appropriate exercises and physical activity regimens for clients. The text is complemented by medical artwork that puts complex systems in a digestible visual context. These systems are then applied to real-world practice through explanations of exercises that are beneficial to specific body systems and instructions on combining various exercises to achieve the desired results. Part I of Practical Guide to Exercise Physiology is a review of the fundamentals of physiology, including muscles and muscle adaptation, bioenergetics, and the cardiorespiratory system. It also details the various activities and processes that contribute to fatigue. Part II applies and expands on this information to address the design of training programs for achieving specific goals. These goals include increasing muscle mass and strength; losing weight; and developing speed, power, and aerobic endurance. Finally, part III addresses adaptations and special considerations of these training programs, including adjustments for changes in altitude or temperature and considerations for special populations such as children, older adults, and pregnant women. Alongside the content and illustrations, Practical Guide to Exercise Physiology includes tools that apply concepts to everyday practice: • Factoid boxes engage readers with additional facts about the human body and its response to training. • Sidebars throughout the text pinpoint current topics of concern so that personal trainers and fitness professionals can prepare for and respond to these issues. • An index of common questions from clients is an easy reference on client education. • Sample training programs illustrate how the scientific concepts that guide program design are used in practice. Practical Guide to Exercise Physiology contains all the necessary information for new and current personal trainers and fitness professionals. Readers will gain confidence in designing exercise programs for various populations and the ability to explain to clients how each exercise and movement will help them achieve their goals.
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Cooper, Rachel, i Louise Mullagh, red. Design and Covid-19. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350266759.
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Presenting key examples and case studies of how design has responded to the pandemic, Design and Covid-19 offers lessons and approaches to design for future resilience. Design has a key role to play in not only creating products to ensure safety from the pandemic, but also in the creation of complex systems, new technologies and physical environments that enable us to carry out our lives and protect populations in the future. Design and Covid-19 identifies four key phases of the pandemic to examine how designers developed systems, services, communications and products as part of our response to the crisis, whether at an international, national or community level. Contributors report from a range of international contexts, including countries in Europe, Asia, Africa and Australasia, detailing how countries responded to the pandemic, introduced social distancing and lockdowns, developed test, track and trace systems, implemented new laws and how design and designers responded to the urgent new challenges that the pandemic created. They explore the adaptation of designs as communities searched for new ways of connecting and working through restrictions and social distancing measures, establishing local mutual aid groups and using social media to support each other through the pandemic, and go on to focus on recovery and resilience, analysing the deeper, systemic design response as industries emerge from lockdown. They explore the need to reflect on and investigate key issues in order to understand what we can learn personally, socially, economically and globally from this unprecedented crisis. Drawing upon the expertise of scholars from across the globe, Design and Covid-19 explores a wide range of design disciplines to address the complex societal and global issues highlighted throughout the pandemic, and to inform new ways of building human and planetary wellbeing.
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Hendriks, Carolyn M., Selen A. Ercan i John Boswell. Mending Democracy. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198843054.001.0001.
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This book advances the idea of democratic mending in response to the growing problem of disconnections in contemporary democracies. Around the globe vital connections in our democratic systems are wearing thin, especially between citizens and their elected representatives, between citizens in polarized public spheres, and between citizens and their complex governance systems. The wide scale of disrepair in our democratic fabric cannot realistically be patched over through institutional redesign or one-off innovation. Instead this book calls for a more connective and systemic approach to repairing democracies. For reform inspiration the authors engage in a critical dialogue between systems thinking in deliberative democracy and contemporary practices of political participation. They present three rich empirical cases of how everyday actors — citizens, community groups, administrators, and elected officials—are seeking to create and strengthen democratic connections in unpromising or challenging circumstances. The cases uncover the practical and varied work of democratic mending; these are small-scale, incremental interventions aimed at repairing disconnects in different parts of democratic systems. The empirical insights revealed in this book push forward ideas on connectivity in democratic theory and practice. They demonstrate that even in moments of dysfunctional disconnection, considerable learning, adaptation, and improvisation for democratic renewal can emerge. Ultimately, this book pioneers an approach to analysing democratic politics which might spark a ‘connective turn’ in the way scholars and practitioners think about and seek to improve democracy at the large scale.
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Chadwick, Andrew. The Hybrid Media System. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190696726.001.0001.
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The diffusion and rapid evolution of new communication technologies has created a pressing need to understand the complex forces reshaping media and politics. Who is emerging as powerful in this new context? Written by a leading scholar in the field, this book provides a new, holistic interpretation of how political communication now works. In The Hybrid Media System Andrew Chadwick reveals how political communication is increasingly shaped by interactions among older and newer media logics. Organizations, groups, and individuals in this system are linked by complex and ever-evolving relationships based on adaptation and interdependence. Chadwick shows how power is exercised by those who create, tap, and steer information flows to suit their goals, and in ways that modify, enable, and disable the agency of others across and between a range of older and newer media settings. The [CE1][NN2]book examines a range of examples of this systemic hybridity in flow in political communication contexts ranging from news making in all of its contemporary “professional” and “amateur” forms, to parties and election campaigns, to activist movements and government communication. Compelling stories bring the theory to life. From American presidential campaigns to WikiLeaks, from live prime ministerial debates to hotly contested political scandals that evolve in real time, from historical precedents stretching back five hundred years to the author's unique ethnographic data gathered from recent insider fieldwork among journalists, campaign workers, bloggers, and activist organizations, this wide-ranging book maps the emerging balance of power between older and newer media technologies, genres, norms, behaviors, and organizational forms.
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Hartl, Daniel L. A Primer of Population Genetics and Genomics. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198862291.001.0001.
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A Primer of Population Genetics and Genomics, 4th edition, has been completely revised and updated to provide a concise but comprehensive introduction to the basic concepts of population genetics and genomics. Recent textbooks have tended to focus on such specialized topics as the coalescent, molecular evolution, human population genetics, or genomics. This primer bucks that trend by encouraging a broader familiarity with, and understanding of, population genetics and genomics as a whole. The overview ranges from mating systems through the causes of evolution, molecular population genetics, and the genomics of complex traits. Interwoven are discussions of ancient DNA, gene drive, landscape genetics, identifying risk factors for complex diseases, the genomics of adaptation and speciation, and other active areas of research. The principles are illuminated by numerous examples from a wide variety of animals, plants, microbes, and human populations. The approach also emphasizes learning by doing, which in this case means solving numerical or conceptual problems. The rationale behind this is that the use of concepts in problem-solving lead to deeper understanding and longer knowledge retention. This accessible, introductory textbook is aimed principally at students of various levels and abilities (from senior undergraduate to postgraduate) as well as practising scientists in the fields of population genetics, ecology, evolutionary biology, computational biology, bioinformatics, biostatistics, physics, and mathematics.
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Zaitchik, Benjamin F. Climate and Health across Africa. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.555.
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Humans have understood the importance of climate to human health since ancient times. In some cases, the connections appear to be obvious: a flood can cause drownings, a drought can lead to crop failure and hunger, and temperature extremes pose a risk of exposure. In other cases, the connections are veiled by complex or unobserved processes, such that the influence of climate on a disease epidemic or a conflict can be difficult to diagnose. In reality, however, all climate impacts on health are mediated by some combination of natural and human dynamics that cause individuals or populations to be vulnerable to the effects of a variable or changing climate.Understanding and managing negative health impacts of climate is a global challenge. The challenge is greater in regions with high poverty and weak institutions, however, and Africa is a continent where the health burden of climate is particularly acute. Observed climate variability in the modern era has been associated with widespread food insecurity, significant epidemics of infectious disease, and loss of life and livelihoods to climate extremes. Anthropogenic climate change is a further stress that has the potential to increase malnutrition, alter the distribution of diseases, and bring more frequent hydrological and temperature extremes to many regions across the continent.Skillful early warning systems and informed climate change adaptation strategies have the potential to enhance resilience to short-term climate variability and to buffer against negative impacts of climate change. But effective warnings and projections require both scientific and institutional capacity to address complex processes that are mediated by physical, ecological, and societal systems. Here the state of understanding climate impacts on health in Africa is summarized through a selective review that focuses on food security, infectious disease, and extreme events. The potential to apply scientific understanding to early warning and climate change projection is also considered.
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Dolman, Han. Biogeochemical Cycles and Climate. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779308.001.0001.
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This book describes the interaction of the main biogeochemical cycles of the Earth and the physics of climate. It takes the perspective of Earth as an integrated system and provides examples of both changes in the current climate and those in the geological past. The first three chapters offer a general introduction to the context of the book, outlining the climate system as a complex interplay between biogeochemistry and physics and describing the tools available for understanding climate: observations and models. These chapters describe the basics of the system, the rates and magnitudes and the crucial aspects of biogeochemical cycles needed to understand their functioning. The second part of the book consists of four chapters that describe the physics required to understand the interaction of the climate with biogeochemistry and change. These chapters describe the physics of radiation, and that of the atmosphere, ocean circulation and thermodynamics. The interaction of aerosols with radiation and clouds is addressed in an additional chapter. The third part of the book deals with Earth’s (bio)geochemical cycles. These chapters focus on the stocks and fluxes of the main reservoirs of Earth’s biogeochemical cycles—atmosphere, land and ocean—and their role in the cycles of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, iron, phosphorus, oxygen, sulphur and water, as well as their interactions with climate. The final two chapters describe possible mitigation and adaptation actions, in relation to recent climate agreements, but always with an emphasis on the biogeochemical aspects.
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Cheung, Stephen S., i Philip N. Ainslie. Advanced Environmental Exercise Physiology. Human Kinetics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781718220928.
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Advanced Environmental Exercise Physiology, Second Edition, offers physiology students and exercise science professionals a complete look at the major topics and debates in the field of environmental physiology. In this second edition, Dr. Stephen Cheung is joined by the coauthor Dr. Phil Ainslie, who has extensive professional expertise in mountaineering and high-altitude physiology and has led numerous high-altitude research expeditions. Among the issues explored in this text are the effects of heat, hydration, and cold in the thermal environment; diving, altitude training, and other pressure effects on the human system; and the influences that pollution and air quality have on exercise. The text also explores the microgravity (space) environment and chronobiological rhythms. The second edition includes new chapters on heat adaptation and therapy, breath-hold diving, physiological adjustments to acute hypoxia, sex differences in environmental response, and cross-adaptation. Through Advanced Environmental Exercise Physiology, Second Edition, readers will learn the following: • The initial physiological responses upon exposure to an environment that a person is not adapted to • How the body adapts to repeated exposure to an environment • How various environments affect the ability to exercise and work • Individual variability in response to stressful environments • Countermeasures that people can take to minimize the impact of environmental stressors Advanced Environmental Exercise Physiology, Second Edition, contains twice the number of figures and illustrations from the previous edition to offer better visualization and explanation of the content. New learning aids include chapter objectives, chapter summaries, and review questions to enhance reader comprehension. Sidebars throughout the text highlight lively areas of current research and debate to stimulate further investigation. Supported by evidence-based information and numerous references, Advanced Environmental Exercise Physiology, Second Edition, addresses the primary environmental factors affecting people when they are working, exercising, and competing in sport. By linking research with recommendations for real-world situations, this text serves as an invaluable resource for students and professionals alike.
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Brunner, Ronald D., i Amanda H. Lynch. Adaptive Governance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.601.
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Adaptive governance is defined by a focus on decentralized decision-making structures and procedurally rational policy, supported by intensive natural and social science. Decentralized decision-making structures allow a large, complex problem like global climate change to be factored into many smaller problems, each more tractable for policy and scientific purposes. Many smaller problems can be addressed separately and concurrently by smaller communities. Procedurally rational policy in each community is an adaptation to profound uncertainties, inherent in complex systems and cognitive constraints, that limit predictability. Hence planning to meet projected targets and timetables is secondary to continuing appraisal of incremental steps toward long-term goals: What has and hasn’t worked compared to a historical baseline, and why? Each step in such trial-and-error processes depends on politics to balance, if not integrate, the interests of multiple participants to advance their common interest—the point of governance in a free society. Intensive science recognizes that each community is unique because the interests, interactions, and environmental responses of its participants are multiple and coevolve. Hence, inquiry focuses on case studies of particular contexts considered comprehensively and in some detail.Varieties of adaptive governance emerged in response to the limitations of scientific management, the dominant pattern of governance in the 20th century. In scientific management, central authorities sought technically rational policies supported by predictive science to rise above politics and thereby realize policy goals more efficiently from the top down. This approach was manifest in the framing of climate change as an “irreducibly global” problem in the years around 1990. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established to assess science for the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The parties negotiated the Kyoto Protocol that attempted to prescribe legally binding targets and timetables for national reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. But progress under the protocol fell far short of realizing the ultimate objective in Article 1 of the UNFCCC, “stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference in the climate system.” As concentrations continued to increase, the COP recognized the limitations of this approach in Copenhagen in 2009 and authorized nationally determined contributions to greenhouse gas reductions in the Paris Agreement in 2015.Adaptive governance is a promising but underutilized approach to advancing common interests in response to climate impacts. The interests affected by climate, and their relative priorities, differ from one community to the next, but typically they include protecting life and limb, property and prosperity, other human artifacts, and ecosystem services, while minimizing costs. Adaptive governance is promising because some communities have made significant progress in reducing their losses and vulnerability to climate impacts in the course of advancing their common interests. In doing so, they provide field-tested models for similar communities to consider. Policies that have worked anywhere in a network tend to be diffused for possible adaptation elsewhere in that network. Policies that have worked consistently intensify and justify collective action from the bottom up to reallocate supporting resources from the top down. Researchers can help realize the potential of adaptive governance on larger scales by recognizing it as a complementary approach in climate policy—not a substitute for scientific management, the historical baseline.
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Smith, Denise L., i Bo Fernhall. Advanced Cardiovascular Exercise Physiology. Wyd. 2. Human Kinetics, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781718243859.
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Advanced Cardiovascular Exercise Physiology, Second Edition, systematically details the effects of acute and chronic exercise training on each component of the cardiovascular system: the heart, the vasculature, and the blood (including blood clotting factors). Students and professionals working within exercise science and related health professions will gain a comprehensive understanding of the cardiovascular system and learn how to apply this knowledge to their work. Advanced Cardiovascular Exercise Physiology, Second Edition, highlights the complex interaction of the components of the cardiovascular system, both at rest and during exercise. Using the latest scientific and medical research, this text presents an engaging discussion of cardiovascular responses and adaptions to both aerobic and resistance exercise training, and it offers readers possible future directions for research. Specific attention is paid to the beneficial effects of exercise and the mechanisms through which regular exercise promotes cardioprotection. The second edition incorporates new topics and expanded information on the following: Ventricular hypertrophyCentral blood pressure and its measurementPathophysiology of arterial stiffness and relevant measurement techniquesBlood pressure during exercise and its clinical importanceThe effects of prolonged acute exercise on cardiac arterial and hemostatic functionEndothelial function, including the impact of aging and sex, and potential mechanismsAn individual’s response and adaptation to both resistance training and aerobic training The second edition of Advanced Cardiovascular Exercise Physiology uses a larger format to showcase its richly illustrated contents. Updated figures and graphics visually elucidate physiological mechanisms to depict exercise responses and training adaptations. Each chapter begins with chapter objectives and ends with a summary to help students retain important content. Fifteen case studies are included in the text to showcase the application of chapter material. Key terms are boldfaced throughout the text and are defined at the end of each chapter. In addition, sidebars describe real-world examples and applications. This text is divided into two sections. The first section offers a concise explanation of the structure and function of each component of the cardiovascular system. In the second section, readers encounter a detailed discussion of the acute and chronic effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on cardiac function, vascular function, and hemostatic variables. Advanced Cardiovascular Exercise Physiology, Second Edition, provides a framework for understanding how the components of the cardiovascular system cooperate to support exercise and how those components adapt to and benefit from a systematic program of exercise training.
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Palkova, Karina, Aleksandra Palkova, Vitālijs Rakstins, Lidija Juļa, Nataliia Filipenko, Serhii Lukashevych i Olena Andrieieva. Handbook for Academic and Scientific Institutions: Improve Risk Management and Institutional Resilience in the face of Security Threats. Rīga Stradiņš University, 2024. https://doi.org/10.25143/handbook_isbn-978-9934-618-61-1.
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Science and academia have long been shaped by international competition, providing nations with strategic advantages in economic, technological, and military domains. Today, as globalization intensifies, academic and research institutions face complex security challenges, including cyber threats, foreign interference, and hybrid warfare. These risks jeopardize intellectual property, research integrity, and institutional autonomy. To address these threats, institutions must implement robust internal risk management systems, minimize vulnerabilities in supply chains, and reduce dependency on foreign actors. Higher education institutions (HEIs) are increasingly adopting an entrepreneurial approach, balancing traditional academic missions with the need to generate revenue, enhance global competitiveness, and build resilience. This ""entrepreneurial university"" concept aligns economic goals with academic innovation, enabling HEIs to adapt to globalization while maintaining their reputations and operational independence. Transnational education, student mobility, and international collaborations highlight these trends, underscoring the need for strong governance, quality assurance, and cultural adaptability. This handbook, developed through Latvian-Ukrainian collaboration, offers a comprehensive framework to strengthen risk management and resilience in academic and research environments. It draws on Ukraine’s experiences in maintaining educational continuity during conflict, providing actionable insights for institutions globally. Key areas include: * Advanced Risk Management: Identifying and mitigating institution-specific risks. Institutional Resilience: Strengthening infrastructure, personnel, and research systems. Security and Continuity Planning: Ensuring crisis preparedness and operational continuity. Case Studies: Practical applications from real-world scenarios. The handbook emphasizes a proactive approach, urging institutions to establish governance structures, designate risk managers, and foster a security-conscious culture. By adopting these practices, academic and research institutions can safeguard their missions, protect intellectual assets, and build resilience against emerging challenges in a rapidly changing global landscape. This project is funded by the Latvian–Ukrainian Joint Programme of Scientific and Technological Cooperation Project (2023) “Best Practice University: Transformation and Adaptation Process in Challenging Environment”, Project No LV_UA /2023/1. Scientific Sectoral Group: Social Sciences. Keywords: resilience; risk assessment; risk analysis; cybersecurity.