Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Take-all decline

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Take-all decline”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 7 lutego 2022

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Take-all decline"

Rengel, Z. "Decreased capacity of take‐all fungus to oxidize manganous ions is associated with take‐all decline." Journal of Plant Nutrition 20, no. 4-5 (April 1997): 455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904169709365266.

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Bailey, D. J., N. Paveley, J. Spink, P. Lucas, and C. A. Gilligan. "Epidemiological Analysis of Take-All Decline in Winter Wheat." Phytopathology® 99, no. 7 (July 2009): 861–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-99-7-0861.

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Take-all dynamics within crops differing in cropping history (the number of previous consecutive wheat crops) were analyzed using an epidemiological model to determine the processes affected during take-all decline. The model includes terms for primary infection, secondary infection, inoculum decay, and root growth. The average rates of root production did not vary with cropping history. The force of primary infection increased from a low level in 1st wheat crops, to a maximum in 2nd to 4th wheat crops, and then to intermediate levels thereafter. The force of secondary infection was low but in

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Rothrock, C. S., and B. M. Cunfer. "Absence of take-all decline in double-cropped fields." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 18, no. 1 (January 1986): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(86)90112-4.

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Schreiner, Karin, Alexandra Hagn, Martina Kyselková, Yvan Moënne-Loccoz, Gerhard Welzl, Jean Charles Munch, and Michael Schloter. "Comparison of Barley Succession and Take-All Disease as Environmental Factors Shaping the Rhizobacterial Community during Take-All Decline." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 14 (June 4, 2010): 4703–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00481-10.

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ABSTRACT The root disease take-all, caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, can be managed by monoculture-induced take-all decline (TAD). This natural biocontrol mechanism typically occurs after a take-all outbreak and is believed to arise from an enrichment of antagonistic populations in the rhizosphere. However, it is not known whether these changes are induced by the monoculture or by ecological rhizosphere conditions due to a disease outbreak and subsequent attenuation. This question was addressed by comparing the rhizosphere microflora of barley, either inoculated with the pathoge

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Yang, Mingming, Dmitri V. Mavrodi, Linda S. Thomashow, and David M. Weller. "Differential Response of Wheat Cultivars to Pseudomonas brassicacearum and Take-All Decline Soil." Phytopathology® 108, no. 12 (December 2018): 1363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-01-18-0024-r.

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2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG)-producing Pseudomonas spp. in the P. fluorescens complex are primarily responsible for a natural suppression of take-all of wheat known as take-all decline (TAD) in many fields in the United States. P. brassicacearum, the most common DAPG producer found in TAD soils in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) of the United States, has biological control, growth promoting and phytotoxic activities. In this study, we explored how the wheat cultivar affects the level of take-all suppression when grown in a TAD soil, and how cultivars respond to colonization by P. brassicacear

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Raaijmakers, Jos M., and David M. Weller. "Natural Plant Protection by 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol-Producing Pseudomonas spp. in Take-All Decline Soils." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 11, no. 2 (February 1998): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.1998.11.2.144.

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Take-all decline (TAD) is a natural biological control of the wheat root disease “take-all” that develops in response to the disease during extended monoculture of wheat. The research to date on TAD has been mostly descriptive and no particular occurrence is yet fully understood. We demonstrate that root-associated fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. producing the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (Phl) are key components of the natural biological control that operates in TAD soils in Washington State (U.S.A.). Phl-producing Pseudomonas spp. were present on roots of wheat grown in TAD soils at or

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MacNish, GC. "Changes in take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici), Rhizoctonia root rot (Rhizoctonia solani) and soil pH in continuous wheat with annual applications of nitrogenous fertiliser in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 28, no. 3 (1988): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9880333.

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Experiments were conducted to test the hypotheses that: (i) continuous cropping with wheat would lead to a decline in take-all, (ii) ammonium nitrogen would reduce take-all compared with nitrate nitrogen, and (iii) that both sources of nitrogen would lead to a decline in soil pH. Attempts were also made to confirm that rhizoctonia root rot would vary unpredictably in continuous wheat and would be reduced by nitrogen. Wheat was grown without nitrogen (Nil) or with sodium nitrate (SN) or ammonium sulfate (AS) for 11, 10 and 9 consecutive years at Newdegate, Esperance and Mount Barker respectivel

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Brennan, RF. "Effect of superphosphate and superphosphate plus flutriafol on yield and take-all of wheat." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 29, no. 2 (1989): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9890247.

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Wheat was grown in soil amended with 5 levels of superphosphate with or without 4 levels of flutriafol at 3 sites naturally infested with Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. The severity of take-all was related to the rates of superphosphate and flutriafol. At all sites, the disease incidence and severity were high, with values for the moderate plus severe category (i.e. >25% of the root system discoloured by the takeall fungus) exceeding 80% for untreated plots. As plants responded to increasing levels of superphosphate and flutriafol, the percentage of infected roots declined. There was

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Sanguin, H., A. Sarniguet, K. Gazengel, Y. Moënne-Loccoz, and G. L. Grundmann. "Rhizosphere bacterial communities associated with disease suppressiveness stages of take-all decline in wheat monoculture." New Phytologist 184, no. 3 (November 2009): 694–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03010.x.

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Sarniguet, A., and P. Lucas. "Evaluation of populations of fluorescent pseudomonads related to decline of take-all patch on turfgrass." Plant and Soil 145, no. 1 (September 1992): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00009536.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Take-all decline"

Chng, Soon Fang. "Microbial factors associated with the natural suppression of take-all in wheat in New Zealand : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand /." Diss., Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/863.

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Take-all, caused by the soilborne fungus, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt), is an important root disease of wheat that can be reduced by take-all decline (TAD) in successive wheat crops, due to general and/or specific suppression. A study of 112 New Zealand wheat soils in 2003 had shown that Ggt DNA concentrations (analysed using real-time PCR) increased with successive years of wheat crops (1-3 y) and generally reflected take-all severity in subsequent crops. However, some wheat soils with high Ggt DNA concentrations had low take-all, suggesting presence of TAD. This study investiga

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Książki na temat "Take-all decline"

Strauss, Kendra. Precarious Work and Winner-Take-all Economies. Edited by Gordon L. Clark, Maryann P. Feldman, Meric S. Gertler, and Dariusz Wójcik. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198755609.013.22.

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This chapter examines the concept of precariousness in work in relation to income and labour market polarization. Although there is growing interest in the separate but related notion of precarity in human geography, economic and labour geographers have engaged less with the literature on precarious work and the decline of the standard employment relation. This chapter provides a brief overview of how precarious employment is understood, before turning to focus on two particular dimensions: the role of labour market intermediaries, and the challenges of regulation in an era of flexible work.

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Munnik, Michael B. Media. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474427234.003.0011.

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Muslims are a subsidiary concern for religion reporting in Scotland’s news media. If journalists must cover religion, issues pertaining to Christian sectarianism still occupy a central focus, although, as more Scots identify with no religion, news reports take on a memorialising tone, marking religion’s decline. Sometimes these storylines merge, as was the case with the biggest religion story in the news during my research about Muslims and the news media in Scotland: the revelation of the sexual abuse of several priests by Cardinal Keith O’Brien (Deveney, 2013). The dominant Scottish story ov

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Gibbons, Philip, and David Lindenmayer. Tree Hollows and Wildlife Conservation in Australia. CSIRO Publishing, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643090033.

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More than 300 species of Australian native animals — mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians — use tree hollows, but there has never been a complete inventory of them. Many of these species are threatened, or are in decline, because of land-use practices such as grazing, timber production and firewood collection. All forest management agencies in Australia attempt to reduce the impact of logging on hollow-dependent fauna, but the nature of our eucalypt forests presents a considerable challenge. In some cases, tree hollows suitable for vertebrate fauna may take up to 250 years to develop,

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Hull, Katy. The Machine Has a Soul. Princeton University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691208107.001.0001.

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In the interwar years, the United States grappled with economic volatility, and Americans expressed anxieties about a decline in moral values, the erosion of families and communities, and the decay of democracy. These issues prompted a profound ambivalence toward modernity, leading some individuals to turn to Italian fascism as a possible solution for the problems facing the country. This book delves into why Americans of all stripes sympathized with Italian fascism, and shows that fascism's appeal rested in the image of Mussolini's regime as “the machine which will run and has a soul” — a see

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Ledger-Lomas, Michael. Unitarians and Presbyterians. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199683710.003.0005.

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Methodism was originally a loosely connected network of religious clubs, each devoted to promoting holy living among its members. It was part of the Evangelical Revival, a movement of religious ideas which swept across the North Atlantic world in the eighteenth century. This chapter charts the growth and development, character and nature, and consolidation and decline of British Methodism in the nineteenth century from five distinct perspectives. First, Methodism grew rapidly in the early nineteenth century but struggled to channel that enthusiasm in an effective way. As a result, it was beset

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Francis, Leslie, ed. The Oxford Handbook of Reproductive Ethics. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199981878.001.0001.

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Reproductive ethics poses many of the most controversial issues of our time. Questions about the roles, rights, and responsibilities of parents force us to think about individual autonomy, the nature of the family, and relationships between private institutions and the state. And reproduction is not only about procreators but raises deeply divisive issues about gametes, embryos, fetal issue, and the moral status of the fetus or newborn child. This volume boldly addresses these and other issues, grounding their treatment in careful and reasoned philosophical analysis. To take just a few of the

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Steinberg, Paul F. Who Rules the Earth? Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199896615.001.0001.

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Worldwide, half a million people die from air pollution each year-more than perish in all wars combined. One in every five mammal species on the planet is threatened with extinction. Our climate is warming, our forests are in decline, and every day we hear news of the latest ecological crisis. What will it really take to move society onto a more sustainable path? Many of us are already doing the "little things" to help the earth, like recycling or buying organic produce. These are important steps-but they're not enough. In Who Rules the Earth?, Paul Steinberg, a leading scholar of environmenta

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Cloud, Dana L. “To Get to Boeing, We First Had to Take on the Union”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036378.003.0001.

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This introductory chapter begins with a review of the state of labor unions in the United States. Unionization rates in the United States declined steadily from the late 1940s (when unions represented 36 percent of U.S. workers) until the present economic recession (12.4 percent). Favorability ratings of labor unions fell sharply between 2007 and 2010—years of heightened economic crisis—to an all-time low of 42 percent. There are many factors in this decline, including the postwar pact labor leaders made with American business, the McCarthyist purge from unions of the most progressive activist

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van Eijk, Nico. Standards for Independent Oversight. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190685515.003.0020.

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The point of departure for this chapter is the decision of the European Court of Justice in the Digital Rights Ireland case, which annulled the European Data Retention Directive, in part because the use of retained data was not made subject to independent oversight. Next, it examines judgments from the national courts of the Netherlands and the UK, also focusing on the independent oversight issue, declaring invalid the data retention laws of those two countries. From the Digital Rights Ireland case and others, seven standards for oversight of intelligence services can be drawn: the oversight s

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Sloman, Peter. Transfer State. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813262.001.0001.

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The idea of a guaranteed minimum income has been central to British social policy debates for more than a century. Since the First World War, a variety of market economists, radical activists, and social reformers have emphasized the possibility of tackling poverty through direct cash transfers between the state and its citizens. As manufacturing employment has declined and wage inequality has grown since the 1970s, cash benefits and tax credits have become a major income source for millions of working-age households, including many low-paid workers with children. The nature and purpose of the

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Części książek na temat "Take-all decline"

Weller, David M. "Take-All Decline and Beneficial Pseudomonads." In Principles of Plant-Microbe Interactions, 363–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08575-3_38.

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Hornby, David. "New Information about Take-All Decline and Its Relevance to Research on the Control of Take-All by Biological Control Agents." In Biological Control of Plant Diseases, 95–98. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9468-7_12.

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Bellanca, Nicolò, and Luca Pardi. "Per una teoria del declino delle società complesse." In Studi e saggi, 129–45. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-195-2.13.

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To explain social decline, a first mechanism notes that elites, understood as small and relatively homogeneous groups, have a superiority to act in concert, compared to the masses. When the capitalist dynamics offers great opportunities to take advantage, and when such opportunities distribute costs over large groups, while concentrating the benefits in a few hands, then the elites have an incentive to intervene. To maintain privileged access to opportunities, elites seek alliances and resort to all forms of social power. Society decays when this path transforms it into a network of particularistic groups, committed to dividing given resources, instead of innovating and improving. A second mechanism is based on the responses of complex societies to challenges. The answers try to bridge the gap between the complexity of the control system and the increased complexity of the controlled system. They may consist either in constructing hierarchical modules, so that many subjects obey a few, or in multiplying the connections through reticular structures. The more the answer stratifies the hierarchy, the more the management costs of the apparatus increase. On the other hand, the more it insists on links, the more coordination costs increase between the many players in the network. The society tends to swing from one to the other, depending on which becomes more onerous. But both modes lead in the long run to decreasing energy returns, pushing the system on a path of decline. Even without the claim of composing an exhaustive investigation, the two mechanisms arise from some of the most relevant and recurrent characteristics of complex human societies: respectively, the difficulties of cooperation and the difficulties of responding to the arising of new systemic problems. In this sense, the two mechanisms may be able to help us understand what happens and what could happen.

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Grauby, Françoise. "The “Ready-Made-Writer” in a Selection of Contemporary Francophone Literary Advice Manuals." In New Directions in Book History, 199–216. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53614-5_8.

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AbstractThis chapter explores the concepts of discursive and non-discursive ethos, as well as the notion of authorial stance (posture) as defined by Jerôme Meizoz (2007; 2011) in order to analyze the figure of the “ready-made-writer” in French manuals and writing guides at the beginning of the twenty-first century. “Authorial stance,” “ethos,” and “persona” are all terms that take stock of the way in which authors declare themselves writers in the literary field. For Meizoz, posture begins at the moment of publication, that is, at the moment of the official recognition of the author. A close reading of some recent French writing manuals, however, reveals the outline of an implicit portrait of the author budding into a legitimate artist and credible writer, and contains indications on how to carve out a space of creation for oneself. The identities presented by the manuals are shaped by literary models and invested by a collective imaginary. They conform to culturally accepted archetypes, because “becoming a writer, and doing the work of a writer are part of the same phantasm” (Ducas 2002). Learning the craft of writing thus also entails acquiring a corporeal dramaturgy or an “auctorial scenography” (Diaz 2009) which is a prerequisite for creation. This can be achieved by going through various authorial stances, from “visionary” to “apprentice” and “manager of one’s own small enterprise.”

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Cook, R. James. "CHAPTER 7: Take-All Decline." In Untold Stories: Forty Years of Field Research on Root Diseases of Wheat, 137–63. The American Phytopathological Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/9780890545843.007.

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Cook, R. James. "CHAPTER 8: Break Crops, Take-All, and Take-All Decline." In Untold Stories: Forty Years of Field Research on Root Diseases of Wheat, 165–84. The American Phytopathological Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/9780890545843.008.

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Khalsa, Dharma Singh. "Mind/Body Medicine and Alzheimer’s Disease Prevention: Research and Clinical Practice." In Integrative Neurology, 184–218. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190051617.003.0008.

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This chapter examines how mind/body practices such as yoga, tai chi, and various types of meditation mitigate the extensive negative biochemical effects of stress, which is a critically important yet underappreciated aspect of Alzheimer’s disease prevention. After reviewing research on Transcendental Meditation and mindfulness-based stress reduction, the chapter highlights Kirtan Kriya, an easy, cost-effective yoga/meditation technique that requires only 12 minutes a day. Research reveals that Kirtan Kriya improves memory in patients with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive decline, as well as highly stressed caregivers, all of whom are at increased risk for subsequent development of AD. The key “take-home message” of this chapter is that making a commitment to living a brain-healthy lifestyle, including mind/body practice, offers the only proven chance for aging free from Alzheimer’s disease.

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Jouet, Mugambi. "Conclusion." In Exceptional America. University of California Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520293298.003.0010.

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The Republican Party’s shift towards the far-right since the 1980s paved the way for Trump’s neo-fascist campaign. Trump’s agenda and rhetoric were not drastically different from the Republican establishment, which largely embraced winner-take-all economics, anti-intellectualism, disinformation, conspiracy-mongering, authoritarianism, racist dog-whistle messages, and torturing Muslims suspected of terrorism. Trumpism was an intensification of this ideology, not a departure from it. But America’s decline after little more than a century as a superpower still seems far from inevitable. It remains the world’s strongest economy. It is a leader in technology and many other fields. Its universities are widely recognized as the best in the world. It has great thinkers and innovators. In sum, there is much to admire about contemporary America and it is not too late to address the aspects of American exceptionalism that may precipitate its decline.

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Harvey, David. "All About Oil." In The New Imperialism. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199264315.003.0004.

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My aim is to look at the current condition of global capitalism and the role that a ‘new’ imperialism might be playing within it. I do so from the perspective of the long durée and through the lens of what I call historical-geographical materialism. I seek to uncover some of the deeper transformations occurring beneath all the surface turbulence and volatility, and so open up a terrain of debate as to how we might best interpret and react to our present situation. The longest durée any of us can actually experience is, of course, a lifetime. My first understandings of the world were formed during the Second World War and its immediate aftermath. Then, the idea of the British empire still had resonance and meaning. The world seemed open to me because so many spaces on the world map were coloured red, an empire upon which the sun never set. If I needed any additional proof of ownership, I could turn to my stamp collection—the head of the British monarch was on stamps from India, Sarawak, Rhodesia, Nyasaland, Nigeria, Ceylon, Jamaica . . . But I soon had to recognize that British power was in decline. The empire was crumbling at an alarming rate. Britain had ceded global power to the United States and the map of the world started to change colour as decolonization gathered pace. The traumatic events of Indian independence and partition in 1947 signalled the beginning of the end. At first I was given to understand that the trauma was a typical example of what happens when ‘sensible’ and ‘fair’ British rule gets replaced by irrational native passions and reversions to ancient prejudices (a framework for understanding the world that was and is not confined to Britain and has exhibited remarkable durability). But as struggles around decolonization became fiercer, so the seamier and more nefarious side of imperial rule became more salient. This culminated, for me and for many others of my generation, in the Anglo-French attempt to take back the Suez Canal in 1956.

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Colls, Robert. "‘Bottom’." In This Sporting Life, 62–100. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198208334.003.0004.

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Chapter 3 explores the violent world of prize-fighting in London and New York. It starts with a fight in a field in Hampshire in 1860. A lot of people have come down on the train from London to see a young Irish American hard man called John Heenan take on the considerably older, and smaller, English champion Tom Sayers. The fight is serious, not fraudulent, but ends in farce, paving the way for a sport already in decline to be over and done with by the end of the century. The chapter spreads out from Sayers Heenan to take on the part prize-fighters played in a plebeian way of seeing the English in their history. The ‘Fancy’, so-called, saw themselves as keepers of the boxing constitution. The ‘Bloods’, so called, saw themselves as defenders of the country’s honour. No sport aroused as much popular excitement. Boxing was a literary subject too. It developed a way of speaking all of its own and, in essay and metaphor, fighters’ unique ability to fight fair (no knives) under rules while giving and taking no quarter (‘Bottom’) either in battle or the ring, were highly prized expressions of liberty. The chapter ends with the Queensberry Rules and the birth of modern boxing as a mainly Anglo-American affair, now performed in theatres not fields.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Take-all decline"

Fernandes, Filipe, Otacílio Pereira, and Loham Da Silva. "Um Panorama das Pesquisas Científicas focado no ENCompIF: Um Mapeamento Sistemático." In Encontro Nacional de Computação dos Institutos Federais. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/encompif.2020.11074.

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Context: The Federal Education network reached the mark of 562 units and plays an important role so that all people have access to the country's scientific and technological achievements. Understanding the performance of a certain scientific community allows its members to organize their decision making about what actions and directions to take in a certain context. Goal: Thus, the goal of this work is to present a Systematic Mapping (SM) of papers published in the National Computing Meeting of Federal Institutes (ENCompIF), with the purpose of characterizing the state of the art of computer r

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Salehi, Amir, Izzet Arslan, Lichi Deng, Hamed Darabi, Johanna Smith, Sander Suicmez, David Castiñeira, and Emmanuel Gringarten. "A Data-Driven Workflow for Identifying Optimum Horizontal Subsurface Targets." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205837-ms.

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Abstract Horizontal well development often increases field production and recovery due to increased reservoir contact, reduced drawdown in the reservoir, and a more efficient drainage pattern. Successful field development requires an evergreen backlog of opportunities that can be pursued, which is extremely challenging and laborious to generate using traditional workflows. Here, we present a data-driven methodology to automatically deliver a feasible, actionable inventory by combining geological knowledge, reservoir performance, production history, completion information, and multi-disciplinar

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Pischinger, S., and M. Umierski. "Impact of Fuel Preparation System on Combustion Process and Exhaust Emissions." In ASME 2003 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2003-0574.

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In the past decade, the quality of Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) has not improved or even declined in general. The progress in refinery techniques allowed to use a higher percentage of the crude oil for light fuels and other components. Therefore, the concentration of heavy components and agglomerates in the residual fuel increased. On the other hand, a better exhaust quality without compromising the superior fuel consumption of HFO-fuelled engines can only be gained by improved fuel injection. High injection pressures, rate shaping and electronic control of injection timing as well as new injection te

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YEŞİLBURSA, Behçet Kemal. "THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL PARTIES IN TURKEY (1908-1980)." In 9. Uluslararası Atatürk Kongresi. Ankara: Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Yayınları, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51824/978-975-17-4794-5.08.

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Political parties started to be established in Turkey in the second half of the 19th century with the formation of societies aiming at the reform of the Ottoman Empire. They reaped the fruits of their labour in 1908 when the Young Turk Revolution replaced the Sultan with the Committee of Union and Progress, which disbanded itself on the defeat of the Empire in 1918. Following the proclamation of the Republic in 1923, new parties started to be formed, but experiments with a multi-party system were soon abandoned in favour of a one-party system. From 1930 until the end of the Second World War, t

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Take-all decline"

Nolan, Brian, Brenda Gannon, Richard Layte, Dorothy Watson, Christopher T. Whelan, and James Williams. Monitoring Poverty Trends in Ireland: Results from the 2000 Living in Ireland survey. ESRI, July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/prs45.

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This study is the latest in a series monitoring the evolution of poverty, based on data gathered by The ESRI in the Living in Ireland Surveys since 1994. These have allowed progress towards achieving the targets set out in the National Anti Poverty Strategy since 1997 to be assessed. The present study provides an updated picture using results from the 2000 round of the Living in Ireland survey. The numbers interviewed in the 2000 Living in Ireland survey were enhanced substantially, to compensate for attrition in the panel survey since it commenced in 1994. Individual interviews were conducted

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