Artykuły w czasopismach: „The law of sexual services in Sweden”

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Ratcovich, Martin. "Extraterritorial Criminalisation and Non-intervention: Sweden’s Criminal Measures against the Purchase of Sex Abroad". Nordic Journal of International Law 88, nr 3 (29.08.2019): 398–428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718107-08803005.

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This article considers the limits of extraterritorial criminalisation under international law in the context of a recent legislative proposal by the government of Sweden to impose criminal measures against the purchase of sexual services abroad. The article first presents the proposal and then a specific legal objection raised against it, namely that allowing Swedish courts to try purchases committed abroad irrespective of local law is inconsistent with the principle of non-intervention under international law. The substance of this objection is discussed against the background of general descriptions of the concepts of jurisdiction and non-intervention under international law. It is concluded that the meaning of the principle of non-intervention may have been overstated.

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Kelemen, Katalin, i Märta C. Johansson. "Still Neglecting the Demand that Fuels Human Trafficking: A Study Comparing the Criminal Laws and Practice of Five European States on Human Trafficking, Purchasing Sex from Trafficked Adults and from Minors". European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice 21, nr 3-4 (2013): 247–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718174-21042030.

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This article discusses the implementation of duties to reduce the market for sexual services of trafficked persons, both adults and children. The article begins by describing the duties that stem from international and European obligations. It then presents the legislation and practice of five European states (Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom) regarding human trafficking and the purchase of sexual acts from trafficking victims. The states in the study have introduced measures to combat human trafficking by effective prosecutions and sentencing of traffickers. They have, however, taken few measures to combat demand for the sexual services of trafficked persons; in some countries, no measures at all. As all the countries criminalise the purchase of sexual acts from children below the age of 18, the article examines whether this has afforded trafficked children effective protection against sexual exploitation. One key element in the crime of purchasing sex from a minor is knowledge of the child’s age. The subjective elements that states require range from strict liability (below certain ages) to negligence, and their practice also varies. The article ends by discussing the lacunae that remain before states can be said to secure trafficked persons’ right to effective protection against sexual exploitation.

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Kilvington, Judith, Sophie Day i Helen Ward. "Prostitution Policy in Europe: A Time of Change?" Feminist Review 67, nr 1 (marzec 2001): 78–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01417780150514510.

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There has been considerable recent debate about prostitution in Europe that reflects concerns about health, employment and human rights. Legal changes are being introduced in many countries. We focus on two examples in order to discuss the likely implications. A new law in The Netherlands is normalizing aspects of the sex industry through decriminalizing both workers and businesses. In Sweden, on the other hand, prostitution is considered to be a social problem, and a new law criminalizes the purchasers of sexual services in an attempt to reduce demand. Both reforms appear to have had their desired effect at one level; in The Netherlands, health and safety regulations will be introduced as in any other job, and EU sex workers gain full social, legal and employment rights; in Sweden there was initially a tenfold decrease in the numbers of women working visibly on the streets, and some workers have left the industry. However, in both countries, the new legislation has also driven some sex work underground. Many sex workers are excluded by the Dutch system and move underground to become effectively invisible to the authorities. In Sweden sex workers and their clients also become less visible in order that the latter can avoid sanction. Social and economic changes, such as increased migration and the growing use of the Internet will also render the sex industry less visible both to state regulation and to health care workers. The major problems of prostitution for the workers remain exploitation, stigma, abuse and criminalization. These are not unique to the industry, and can only be tackled effectively by the self-organization of sex workers into unions and rights groups, along with full decriminalization. An alternative vision is promised through self-organization and anti-racist actions by sex workers in Germany; normalization and workers’ rights are tackled alongside training programmes for those seeking alternatives. Policy makers throughout Europe would do well to look at their experience and not simply at the clash of legal reforms.

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Bradley, David. "Perspectives on Sexual Equality in Sweden". Modern Law Review 53, nr 3 (maj 1990): 283–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2230.1990.tb01813.x.

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Bradley, D. "Sexual Equality and Maintenance Allowances in Sweden". Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 9, nr 3 (1989): 403–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ojls/9.3.403.

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Åkerman, Eva, Elin C. Larsson, Birgitta Essén i Ragnar Westerling. "Understanding the needs and use of sexual and reproductive health services among Thai women: a descriptive cross-sectional study in Sweden". Sexual Health 18, nr 3 (2021): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh20184.

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Background Immigrants are at increased risk of HIV infection in Europe and at risk of delayed diagnosis. In Sweden, Thailand belongs to one of the three most common countries of origin among immigrants diagnosed with HIV. This study investigated the need and use of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services among Thai women residing in Sweden. Use of contraceptives and HIV testing in Thailand was also investigated to understand if this influences utilisation of SRH services in Sweden. Methods: A cross-sectional study using postal questionnaire to all Thai-born women (age 23–60) in Stockholm, residing in Sweden since 2014. The response rate was 52.3% (n= 266). Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used. Results: The majority reported a significant need for information related to SRH services. Most of the women using contraception (70%) bought their contraceptives in Thailand. In total, 60% of the women had been HIV-tested at some point in their lives; the majority were tested in Thailand. Women who had been HIV-tested in Thailand were more likely to also have been tested in Sweden. Significant differences in contraception use, participation in contraceptive counselling and having had an HIV test were found between groups of younger and older women. Conclusions: Our findings imply that age is an important factor to understand women’s need and use of SRH services in Sweden versus Thailand. Furthermore, women’s lack of knowledge and reported need for SRH information needs to be considered when making policies and strategies to increase access to SRH services.

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Kuosmanen, Jari. "Attitudes and perceptions about legislation prohibiting the purchase of sexual services in Sweden". European Journal of Social Work 14, nr 2 (czerwiec 2011): 247–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691451003744341.

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Wegerstad, Linnea. "Sex Must Be Voluntary: Sexual Communication and the New Definition of Rape in Sweden". German Law Journal 22, nr 5 (sierpień 2021): 734–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/glj.2021.32.

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AbstractMany countries are in the process of replacing outdated sex offense regulations with laws that accurately correspond to late modern ideas about gender equality, sexual self-determination, and consensual sex. One example is Sweden, where a law that defines rape based on a criterion of nonvoluntary participation entered into force in 2018. This article analyzes the representation of rape in the new law and legal discourse in Sweden, and shows that rape is represented as a matter of choice and communication in sexual situations. Further, the new rape law is coupled to an emerging problem within such disparate spheres as public health, social media campaigns, sexual education, and gender studies; namely, the problem of sexual communication and gray zones in sexual encounters. To understand this new representation of rape, further exploration is suggested both into the effects of sexual violence being framed as a matter of individual choice, consent, and communication in late modernity and into the role of criminal law in the era of thin normativity. The article concludes that the new rape law sends a clear message about what sex should be—namely, something voluntary—but does not accurately describe the crime and the conduct that deserves criminal censure.

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Ekberg, Gunilla. "The Swedish Law that Prohibits the Purchase of Sexual Services". Violence Against Women 10, nr 10 (październik 2004): 1187–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801204268647.

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Öberg, Mariella, Alkistis Skalkidou i Gun Heimer. "Experiences of sexual violence among women seeking services at a family planning unit in Sweden". Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences 124, nr 2 (3.04.2019): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03009734.2019.1604587.

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Matthews, Roger. "Regulating the demand for commercialized sexual services". Women's Studies International Forum 69 (lipiec 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2018.03.007.

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Todahl, Jeffrey L., Deanna Linville, Amy Bustin, Jenna Wheeler i Jeff Gau. "Sexual Assault Support Services and Community Systems". Violence Against Women 15, nr 8 (2.06.2009): 952–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801209335494.

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Sandberg, Russell. "Gods and Services: Religious Groups and Sexual Orientation Discrimination". Ecclesiastical Law Journal 10, nr 2 (16.04.2008): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x08001208.

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Exemptions for religious groups from generally applicable laws are by no means unusual, especially in the field of discrimination law. However, exemptions from laws prohibiting discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation have proved particularly controversial. The legality of exemptions in regulations prohibiting discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation in the employment sphere has been the subject of judicial review and the scope of those exemptions has also been judicially examined. The extension to prohibit discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation in the provision of goods and services has proved controversial, and case law on the extent of the religious exemption included in the British regulations is awaited. In the meantime, a recent judicial review of the corresponding Northern Ireland regulations, which were enacted prior to the British regulations, may be illuminating.

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Pollack, Ester. "Sweden and the #MeToo movement". Interactions: Studies in Communication & Culture 10, nr 3 (1.11.2019): 185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/iscc.10.3.185_1.

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The international #MeToo initiatives organized in October 2017 received a quick and widespread response in Sweden. Women from a wide range of occupational groups and work environments ‐ after sharing their stories in closed forums on social media ‐ made their testimonies public under several related hashtags. The testimonies about allegations of sexual misconduct and abuse were described as men’s misuse of power in relation to women in weaker positions, often women who were younger and dependent. The published testimonies quickly led to a stream of news reports and commentaries in the legacy media, in some cases resulting in individualized scandals and media hunts. One of these scandals related to the Swedish Academy, the institution responsible for the Nobel Prize in Literature. While the initial Swedish #MeToo movement was dominated by broad collective mobilization in different societal areas pointing to sexual harassment as a structural problem, the individualized scandal coverage in leading media outlets in some cases represented unverified ‘naming and shaming’ that later led to ethical critique and new public debates. A political result of the #MeToo movement in Sweden was a new law prohibiting non-consensual sex that came into force in July 2018.

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Hester, Marianne, i Sarah-Jane Lilley. "More than support to court". International Review of Victimology 24, nr 3 (6.12.2017): 313–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269758017742717.

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This article explores the involvement of specialist sexual violence services, including Independent Sexual Violence Advisers (ISVAs), in supporting victims/survivors of rape and sexual abuse to engage with the criminal justice system (CJS) in England and Wales. The underpinning research, conducted in one area of England, included referral data from the police and key specialist sexual violence services, interviews with 15 victims/survivors of sexual violence in contact with the police and specialist services, and interviews with 14 practitioners from sexual violence and related services. We examine the complex needs of victims/survivors of sexual violence (who have experienced historical child sexual abuse, acquaintance rape or rape in the context of intimate partner abuse), how their needs differ and vary over time, and the ways in which these diverse and changing needs are met by specialist sexual violence services. Non-specialist agencies, such as statutory mental health services, are unable to provide similarly targeted responses. The research found that specialist sexual violence services play particularly crucial roles through the use of approaches that can be characterised as flexible, enabling, holding and mending. However, this important work could easily be lost in the current climate of local service commissioning, to the great detriment of victims/survivors of sexual violence.

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Birch, Philip, i Doug Braun-Harvey. "Sexual health principles and the procurement of sexual services: evidence of the interface between sexual health and criminal justice". Journal of Forensic Practice 21, nr 2 (13.05.2019): 145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfp-02-2019-0006.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between sexual health principles and the procurement of sexual services. Most that has been written about sex work has been done so from the perspective of deviancy; in contrast, recent work examining the practice of sex work has explored and evidenced how emotional and intimacy needs are met through procurement. Recognising the conventional aspects of procuring sexual services, this paper seeks to examine and understand this social practice through applying Braun-Harvey and Vigorito’s (2015) six principles of sexual health. Design/methodology/approach Based on a mixed method approach, this paper presents findings from a survey consisting of a sample of 309 men who procure sexual services and 20 interviews from a sub-sample of the men who were surveyed and female sex workers who provide such services. Findings The findings illustrate the reasons for men’s procurement of sexual services, which corroborate with the accounts of women who sell the services and reflect how the procurement of sexual services align with principles of sexual health, which, in turn, challenge the stigma of buying sex. Practical implications The practical implications of this study are: provision of examining and understanding sex work through the principles of sexual health; provision of a framework to examine and understand sex work in a less stigmatising way; support for the growth of sexual health and criminal justice research; and provision of a platform for further research examining sexual health, sex work and decriminalisation. Originality/value This study is unique as it brings together principles of sexual health as a tool for examining the procurement of sexual services, a practice that is demonised in many parts of the globe. A consequence of this study is its presentation of a novel understanding for the social practice of procurement that aides in both challenging the stigmatisation and criminalisation of sex work.

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Kjellgren, Cecilia, Annika Wassberg, Margareta Carlberg, Niklas LÅngström i Carl Göran Svedin. "Adolescent Sexual Offenders: A Total Survey of Referrals To Social Services in Sweden and Subgroup Characteristics". Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 18, nr 4 (październik 2006): 357–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107906320601800404.

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McNulty, Cliodna, Ellie J. Ricketts, Hans Fredlund, Anneli Uusküla, Katy Town, Claire Rugman, Anna Tisler-Sala i in. "Qualitative interviews with healthcare staff in four European countries to inform adaptation of an intervention to increase chlamydia testing". BMJ Open 7, nr 9 (wrzesień 2017): e017528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017528.

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ObjectiveTo determine the needs of primary healthcare general practice (GP) staff, stakeholders and trainers to inform the adaptation of a locally successful complex intervention (Chlamydia Intervention Randomised Trial (CIRT)) aimed at increasing chlamydia testing within primary healthcare within South West England to three EU countries (Estonia, France and Sweden) and throughout England.DesignQualitative interviews.SettingEuropean primary healthcare in England, France, Sweden and Estonia with a range of chlamydia screening provision in 2013.Participants45 GP staff, 13 trainers and 18 stakeholders.InterviewsThe iterative interview schedule explored participants’ personal attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural controls around provision of chlamydia testing, sexual health services and training in general practice. Researchers used a common thematic analysis.ResultsFindings were similar across all countries. Most participants agreed that chlamydia testing and sexual health services should be offered in general practice. There was no culture of GP staff routinely offering opportunistic chlamydia testing or sexual health advice, and due to other priorities, participants reported this would be challenging. All participants indicated that the CIRT workshop covering chlamydia testing and sexual health would be useful if practice based, included all practice staff and action planning, and was adequately resourced. Participants suggested minor adaptations to CIRT to suit their country’s health services.ConclusionsA common complex intervention can be adapted for use across Europe, despite varied sexual health provision. The intervention (ChlamydiA Testing Training in Europe (CATTE)) should comprise: a staff workshop covering sexual health and chlamydia testing rates and procedures, action planning and patient materials and staff reminders via computer prompts, emails or newsletters, with testing feedback through practice champions. CATTE materials are available at: www.STItraining.eu.

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Miller, Neal. "Book Review: Evaluating Services for Survivors of Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault". Criminal Justice Review 29, nr 1 (maj 2004): 232–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073401680402900121.

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Calleman, Catharina. "Domestic Services in a “Land of Equality”: The Case of Sweden". Canadian Journal of Women and the Law 23, nr 1 (styczeń 2011): 121–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjwl.23.1.121.

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Stermac, Lana, Hester Dunlap i Deidre Bainbridge. "Sexual Assault Services Delivered by SANEs". Journal of Forensic Nursing 1, nr 3 (wrzesień 2005): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01263942-200509000-00008.

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Stermac, Lana, Hester Dunlap i Deidre Bainbridge. "Sexual Assault Services Delivered by SANEs". Journal of Forensic Nursing 1, nr 3 (28.06.2008): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-3938.2005.tb00029.x.

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Berggren, Kalle, Lucas Gottzén i Hanna Bornäs. "Queering desistance: Chrononormativity, afterwardsness and young men’s sexual intimate partner violence". Criminology & Criminal Justice 20, nr 5 (27.06.2020): 604–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748895820937328.

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Queer criminology has primarily focused on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer people as victims and perpetrators of crime, as well as on the criminalization of non-heterosexual practices. In this article, we contribute to the emerging discussions on how queer theory can be used in relation to criminological research by exploring desistance processes from a queer temporality perspective. Desistance research emphasizes how and why individuals cease offending and is often guided by a teleology in which individuals are expected to mature and develop new, non-criminal identities. Work on queer temporality, in contrast, has developed thinking that destabilizes chronology and troubles normative life trajectories. In this article, we draw on queer temporality perspectives, particularly the concepts of chrononormativity and afterwardsness, in analysing narratives of young men who have used sexual violence against women partners in Sweden. We demonstrate how criminal identities may develop in retrospect, after desisting, and that identity and behaviour may not necessarily go together.

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Åkerman, Eva, Elin C. Larsson, Birgitta Essén i Ragnar Westerling. "A missed opportunity? Lack of knowledge about sexual and reproductive health services among immigrant women in Sweden". Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare 19 (marzec 2019): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc.2018.12.005.

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Parekh, V. "66. MENAGE A TRIOS: SEXUAL HEALTH, SEXUAL ASSAULT AND FORENSIC MEDICINE". Sexual Health 4, nr 4 (2007): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/shv4n4ab66.

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Objectives: Small jurisdictions often require clinicians to work in more than one speciality. The aim of this paper is to explore the commonalities between sexual health, sexual assault and forensic medicine that make this possible. Methods: Exploration of (1) common attributes of clinicians who provide these services, (2) characteristics the client groups, (3) administrative aspects and (4) gains for participating clinicians. Results: Clinicians in all three specialties practice within a public health model of care, have a good understanding of confidentiality, sexual wellbeing, other intimate concerns and social justice issues. They have experience working with non-medical groups and are experienced in teaching students and non-clinicians. Clients attending all three of services are commonly victims, vulnerable, marginalised, poor and less able to access traditional medical services. They commonly exhibit high-risk behaviours pertaining to sex and drug and alcohol use. Administrative systems commonly found in sexual health centres such as independently held and secured files and coded filing systems and protocols and practices concerning confidentiality and appropriate interactions with other services allow clinical forensic medicine to be easily incorporated. Clinicians gain from participating in these services by refreshing and developing specialist skills in the management of simple injuries, acute drug and alcohol withdrawal and in the law (forensic evidence collection, minors and custody issues). Conclusions: The similarities between the practise of sexual health, sexual assault and forensic medicine make the transition between the specialties smooth and relatively easy. Indeed the practice of one enhances the other two for clients and clinicians alike.

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Lowe, Michelle. "Male sexual assault survivors: lessons for UK services". Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research 10, nr 3 (9.07.2018): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jacpr-07-2017-0308.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a concise, selective review of the current status of service provision for male survivors of sexual assault in the UK. Design/methodology/approach This paper explored to what extent services are equipped to support the specific and complex needs of the male survivor and highlighted key implications for research, policy and practice. Findings The review outlined the historical backdrop to how and why services for male survivors have been consistently lacking, the current status of UK service provision is reported and suggestions for continued research in this developing area are made. Originality/value Despite a flurry of research in this area in recent years, UK service provision for male sexual assault survivors is inconsistent across locale. The value of the current paper is that it provides an outline of relevant work to date, and provides important suggestions for future directions.

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Henninger, Amy L., Michiko Iwasaki, Marianna E. Carlucci i Jeffrey M. Lating. "Reporting Sexual Assault: Survivors’ Satisfaction With Sexual Assault Response Personnel". Violence Against Women 26, nr 11 (24.07.2019): 1362–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801219857831.

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Although jurisdictions have attempted to improve their response procedures, sexual assault cases are often insufficiently investigated. This study examines the survey responses of 460 female sexual assault survivors regarding their experiences with response personnel. Overall satisfaction with response services was 66.1%. Victim advocates and forensic nurses received higher satisfaction ratings than did patrol officers, detectives, and State’s Attorney’s Office staff. The present study also found that 65% of the variance in overall satisfaction was accounted for by four personnel behaviors: respectful treatment, clearly explained procedures, believed their stories, and demonstrated cultural sensitivity. Policy implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.

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Shannon, David. "Online Sexual Grooming in Sweden—Online and Offline Sex Offences against Children as Described in Swedish Police Data". Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention 9, nr 2 (grudzień 2008): 160–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14043850802450120.

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Selman, Peter. "Services for Intercountry Adoption in the UK: Some Lessons from Europe". Adoption & Fostering 17, nr 3 (październik 1993): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030857599301700305.

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Valentiner, Dana-Sophia. "The Human Right to Sexual Autonomy". German Law Journal 22, nr 5 (sierpień 2021): 703–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/glj.2021.35.

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AbstractDuring the 20th century, society’s view on sexualities has undergone a severe paradigm shift. While moving away from ideas of decency and bawdiness to evaluate legitimate sexuality, concepts of autonomy and consent gained importance. This transformation is also challenging the law.1 With the broad acceptance of various forms of sexual behavior and sexual orientation, legal regulation based on morality and ethics is outdated. Recent debates on law and sexualities focus on sexual autonomy and its conditions. This is shown especially by the legal debate on sexual violence and criminal law.2 But the right to sexual autonomy does not only require adequate protection against sexual violence. As a human right, it obliges State Parties to Human Rights Treaties such as the European Convention on Human Rights and the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women to respect, protect, and fulfill sexual autonomy. This includes the guarantee of freedom from sexual violence, coercion and discrimination, as well as control over one’s own body and over the involvement in sexual interactions with others. In order to ensure the different components of sexual autonomy, sexual education and reliable access to information and medical services are necessary. This paper presents an approach concerning the multifaceted dimensions of sexual autonomy through a human rights lens.

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Schüklenk, Udo. "Should we use the criminal law to punish HIV transmission?" International Journal of Law in Context 4, nr 3 (wrzesień 2008): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744552308003042.

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Legislators around the world are grappling with the question of whether or not the criminal law should be deployed in order to punish HIV transmission that is the result of voluntary sexual encounters between competent, consenting adults. A few years ago, when I was working in South Africa, that country’s Law Reform Commission proposed to declare HIV transmissions that are the result of voluntary sexual encounters among competent consenting adults a criminal offence that ought to fall under the category of rape (Schüklenk, 2003). Rape and voluntariness do not go too well together, so – not being a lawyer – I was surprised about the seemingly otherworldly machinations of legal minds in the context of HIV/AIDS. Matthew Weait points out in his book Intimacy and Responsibility: The Criminalisation of HIV Transmission that many liberal democracies have made HIV transmission a criminal offence, among these Canada, Sweden, Germany, Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands, the UK and many others. In most countries, HIV infected people who demonstrably knew about their infection have been successfully prosecuted for transmitting HIV to their sexual partners.

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Wolbert Burgess, Ann, Annie Lewis-O'Connor, M. Elaine Nugent-Borakove i Patricia Fanflik. "SANE/SART Services for Sexual Assault Victims: Policy Implications". Victims & Offenders 1, nr 3 (1.09.2006): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15564880600767363.

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Norström, Eva, Ingrid Fioretos i Kristina Gustafsson. "Working conditions of community interpreters in Sweden". Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 14, nr 2 (7.09.2012): 242–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.14.2.06nor.

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The aim of this article is to describe and analyse the working conditions of interpreters and interpreting services in Sweden. An understanding of interpreters’ working conditions is a key to such factors as the management of resources, the reading and implementation of legislation, the organisation of interpreting services and the performance of interpreters in different situations. An understanding of interpreters’ working conditions is also important in understanding how multiculturalism and multilingualism are viewed on a national scale in Sweden. This review of the working conditions of interpreters is based on material from two joint research projects, which appear to indicate that interpreters as a group have much to say and often reflect on their work and working conditions. The interpreters participating in this study often demonstrated a strong commitment to professionalism. At the same time, however, many of the reflections recorded for this study were about things that undermine professionalism: bad working conditions, low pay, the feeling of being “as replaceable as potatoes”, and the feeling that the social status of interpreters is low. In analysing the consequences of working conditions we have found a tension between professionalism and deprofessionalisation. This tension has consequences for the rule of law and integration.

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Cockbain, Ella, i Helen Brayley. "Child sexual exploitation and youth offending: A research note". European Journal of Criminology 9, nr 6 (listopad 2012): 689–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370812453401.

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Links between child sexual exploitation (CSE) and youth offending should be better recognised, according to these preliminary research findings from the UK. Data from a leading CSE service provider and Youth Offending Team were analysed for the period 2001–2010 inclusive. Of CSE victims, 40 percent had offending records and recidivism rates were high. Together they committed 1586 offences – 5 percent of all local youth crime. Male and female offending behaviour differed significantly. The types of offences identified were potentially symptomatic of CSE. Referral to CSE services typically post-dated arrest, indicating that children were recognised first as offenders. Challenges in researching the interactions between these two complex issues are discussed. This study has important implications for youth justice policy and practice, both nationally and internationally.

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Hökby, Stina, i Tore Söderqvist. "Elasticities of Demand and Willingness to Pay for Environmental Services in Sweden". Environmental and Resource Economics 26, nr 3 (listopad 2003): 361–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:eare.0000003581.97411.75.

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Viuhko, Minna. "Human Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation and Organized Procuring in Finland". European Journal of Criminology 7, nr 1 (styczeń 2010): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370809347945.

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A joint Finnish—Swedish—Estonian study, completed in 2008, analysed the connections between human trafficking for the purposes of sexual exploitation and organized crime. This article deals with prostitution-related human trafficking and organized procuring in Finland in the 21st century. Finland is studied as a country of destination where foreign women, mainly from the adjacent eastern and southern regions, are brought to sell sexual services. The article concentrates on the perpetrators, their modi operandi and the structure of the criminal organizations. In particular, the control measures that are imposed on the procured women are examined; such measures comprise different sets of rules, violence and the threat of violence, and the so-called debt bondage.

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Lindborg, Eva, i Peter Andersson. "The costs of icebreaking services: an estimation based on Swedish data". WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs 19, nr 1 (8.01.2020): 125–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13437-019-00191-x.

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AbstractIn winter, the sea around Sweden and Finland as well as parts of the waters around Canada, Russia and the USA become ice covered, and ships may require assistance from icebreakers to proceed to their destinations. This paper accordingly analyses the cost structure and estimates the cost of icebreaking operations at sea, including the costs of external effects of the icebreakers’ emissions, and analyses the consequences of different pricing schemes for financing icebreaking services. A regression analysis was carried out based on data from icebreaking services in Sweden over 14 winters from 2001/2002 to 2015/2016. The social marginal cost of an average assistance operation (which may involve more than one ship) is estimated at EUR 6476 and for each assisted ship EUR 5304. The same cost is EUR 907 per running hour for the icebreakers and EUR 1990 per hour a ship is assisted. Each additional nautical mile sailed by an icebreaker costs society EUR 141 and each assisted nautical mile EUR 234. The marginal cost is found not to be related to winter severity. Despite the significant social marginal costs, not including large fixed costs, icebreaking in Sweden and Finland is free of charge. The advantages and disadvantages of four pricing models that can be applied to cover at least parts of the costs to society are discussed. All models could create new distortions, but a price per assisted hour may be worth applying in practice.

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Shine Thompson, Mary, i Ann-Katrin Lena Svaerd. "Unintended consequences of special-needs law in Ireland and Sweden". Kybernetes 48, nr 2 (4.02.2019): 333–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-06-2018-0307.

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Purpose This paper aims to trace parallels in the unintended consequences of interpretations of special-needs law in Ireland and Sweden. Design/methodology/approach The paper is conceptual, based on Irish and Swedish legal reports, studies and national planning documents on supports for people with disabilities. It begins by discussing unintended consequences, and then analyses the Irish court decision in Sinnott v. Minister for Education (2001), which stated that the State’s obligation to provide for education for people with special education needs (SENs) ceases when they reach 18 years. It considers how economic considerations influenced that decision. The focus then diverts to Sweden’s human rights culture and the 1994 legislation, LSS (Sweden’s Act Concerning Support and Services for Persons with Certain Functional Impairments), which enshrines equality and support for people with disabilities, including personal assistance (PA). Cost-saving restrictions on PA allowances are discussed. Findings While the Irish State enacted a law on education rights following the Sinnott case the Education for Persons with Special Educational Needs Act (2004), or EPSEN (2004), it restricts those rights, and sections remain uncommenced. The case may have exhausted litigation as a remedy for people with SENs. In Sweden, austerity diluted the impact of LSS, leading to reduced entitlements and intrusions on privacy. It allowed legal discourse to dominate discussion. Families were negatively affected. In both countries, human rights may have suffered. Identifying which consequences of the legal actions were unintended, and which party did not intend them, can be problematic. Practical implications The paper concludes that the courts limited entitlement to the detriment of people with disabilities, and that caution must be exercised in having recourse to law courts in settling entitlements. Originality/value The paper is an original analysis of unintended consequences of legal interventions in special-needs policy. It illustrates difficulties in matching visions and systemic requirements in legal and the educational domains.

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Juraska, Ashley, Lindsey Wood, Jennifer Giroux i Eric Wood. "Sexual Assault Services Coverage on Native American Land". Journal of Forensic Nursing 10, nr 2 (2014): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jfn.0000000000000025.

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Halliwell, Gemma, Jennifer Daw, Susie Hay, Sandi Dheensa i Suzanne Jacob. "‘A life barely half lived’: domestic abuse and sexual violence practitioners’ experiences and perceptions of providing care to survivors of non-physical abuse within intimate partner relationships". Journal of Gender-Based Violence 5, nr 2 (1.06.2021): 249–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/239868020x16068765721643.

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Non-physically abusive acts (underpinned by coercive control) are more prevalent than physical or sexual violence within intimate partner relationships. Yet, little is known about survivors’ help-seeking journeys or the efficacy of existing services in addressing this need. We present findings from a survey of UK-based domestic violence and abuse (DVA) and sexual violence (SV) practitioners (n = 279) exploring experiences of providing care to women with histories of non-physical abuse. Our findings suggest that survivors often seek help for non-physical abuse from specialist DVA and SV services, but wider professional agencies often overlook the severity of this experience of abuse in the absence of physical or sexual violence. The impacts of non-physical abuse on survivors’ health and wellbeing are severe and there are multiple barriers to support, particularly within the criminal justice system. Our findings highlight the urgent need to increase public and professional awareness of non-physical abuse and its consequences for training of wider agencies (for example, police, child protection, legal services) and for sustainable funding that increases long-term support options for survivors and their children.

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Griffith, Richard. "A nurse prescriber's guide to the Sexual Offences Act 2003". Nurse Prescribing 5, nr 11 (2.12.2007): 507–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/npre.2007.5.11.507.

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The Sexual Health Strategy ( Department of Health, 2001 ) has encouraged the use of nurse prescribers in the provision of contraceptive and sexual health services, ranging from simple hormonal contraception to enhanced genito-urinary problems such as the treatment of serious sexually transmitted infections and HIV. To fulfil their role effectively, nurse prescribers in sexual health must be aware of the law relating to this sensitive area. In the first of a series of articles, Richard Griffith outlines the provisions of the Sexual Offences Act 2003 that modernizes the law in relation to sexual crimes. This first article covers sexual health and the law, and provides nurse prescribers with a guide to the Sexual Offences Act 2003.

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Hetman, Yevhen A., Viacheslav S. Politanskyі i Kateryna O. Hetman. "Global experience in implementing electronic administrative services". Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine 28, nr 1 (24.03.2021): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.37635/jnalsu.28(1).2021.79-87.

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One of the factors for the development of civil society in democratically developed countries is an effective, wellfunctioning institution for providing administrative electronic services. Despite the intensity and wide scope of research covering various aspects of providing electronic administrative services to the population, many issues in this area remain quite debatable, as well as understudied, which conditioned the relevance of the study. The study is aimed at investigating the specific features of implementing electronic administrative services in the practice of countries with the most developed e-government mechanisms. In the study of the problem, a set of general scientific and special methods of cognition was used, in particular, the leading methods were: dialectical, comparative legal, analysis, synthesis, interpretation. The study analysed criteria for evaluating electronic administrative services in the leading countries of the European Union and the United States. The study examines the basic electronic administrative services for citizens in online mode provided in the countries of the European Commonwealth. The study examines the global experience of implementing electronic administrative services in such countries as: USA; France; Great Britain; Germany; Estonia and Sweden. The author’s approach to defining the concept of electronic administrative services is formulated, based on a personal interpretation of this concept from the standpoint of general theoretical analysis. It is concluded that one of the best ways to encourage the provision of administrative services in electronic form in the countries of the European Union is to standardise their provision – the development of clear organisational and technical-technological rules and requirements, and their main position is that the provision of services through electronic means of communication should complement, and not replace other communication channels

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Birch, Philip, i Jane Ireland. "Men procuring sexual services from women: everyman or peculiar man?" Journal of Forensic Practice 17, nr 1 (9.02.2015): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfp-03-2014-0007.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore characteristics of men procuring sexual services from women. Design/methodology/approach – This is a quantitative study using questionnaires and purposive sampling. The sample was from New South Wales, Australia, and included brothels and outreach organisations where sex work is decriminalised. The participants were 309 men who reported procuring sexual services with women. Findings – Primary motivations for procurement included thrill/excitement and attractiveness of the sex worker. Cluster analysis identified five groups, the most frequent being those with a drive for exciting, thrill-seeking sex with an attractive partner and those with the same drive but not wanting investment. High proportions of men were married, in professional employment and did not present with a criminal history. Sexual experiences procured were conventional. Procurement presented as an enduring behaviour maintained across decades, commencing at a young age. Involvement in procurement preceded decriminalisation. Practical implications – The results do not support men's procurement as primarily “deviant”. Professionals may need to explicitly enquire about such behaviour where relevant to do so (e.g. in discussing sexual health) and in doing so ensure procurement is discussed as normative and not as unusual behaviour. Originality/value – Challenges any conceptualisation of procurement as deviant, extending the research base further by capturing users of such services as opposed to attitudes towards procurement.

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Gmelin, Theresa, Claire A. Raible, Rebecca Dick, Surabhi Kukke i Elizabeth Miller. "Integrating Reproductive Health Services Into Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Victim Service Programs". Violence Against Women 24, nr 13 (25.12.2017): 1557–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801217741992.

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This study assessed the feasibility of integrating reproductive health services into intimate partner violence/sexual violence (IPV/SV) programs. After a training for victim service agencies on integration of health services, we conducted semistructured interviews with IPV/SV program leadership. Leadership reported advocates were more likely to recognize the need to refer clients to health services, and revealed challenges operationalizing partnerships with health care centers. Training to integrate basic health assessment into victim services may be one way to address women’s urgent health needs. Formal partnership agreements, protocols to facilitate referrals, and opportunities to cross-train are needed to nurture these cross-sector collaborations.

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Gough, David, i Margaret Bell. "Providing services for children and young people who have experienced sexual abuse". Child Abuse Review 14, nr 1 (styczeń 2005): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/car.882.

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Wangdi, Sonam, i Ugyen Tshering. "Sexual Diversity in Bhutan". Bhutan Health Journal 3, nr 1 (15.05.2017): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47811/bhj.39.

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This article attempts to describe sexual diversity among people in Bhutan. We investigate ways in which Bhutan addresses sexual diversity in sex education and the law. We also review existing data to assess health issues affecting sexually diverse populations in Bhutan. Although limited, the available evidence indicates a higher likelihood of committing suicide, abusing substances, and facing barriers to accessing health care services and programs. The review finds the need for more representative researches for understanding sexually diverse people in Bhutan. The paper highlights the need for research with these populations with equal focus in ensuring active participation by the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, inter sex & questioning (LGBTI&Q) community. The judiciary, education, and health system are crucial agencies that can facilitate and create accepting environments for the sexually diverse population in Bhutan.

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Abavi, Rebecca, Allison Branston, Robin Mason i Janice Du Mont. "An Exploration of Sexual Assault Survivors' Discourse Online on Help-Seeking". Violence and Victims 35, nr 1 (1.02.2020): 126–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-18-00148.

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Although sexual assault is associated with significant negative psychological health outcomes, few survivors seek support from formal providers. This study explored the barriers to accessing and benefitting from services for sexual assault, as disclosed in narrative posts on social media, using qualitative methodology. Of the 1,179 narratives posted to the subreddit‘r/rapecounseling’ that were reviewed, 81 data extracts from 52 women were included in this study based on predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Six themes were identified that prevented survivors from accessing or benefitting from help. Internal barriers included feeling overwhelmed and avoidance-based coping. External barriers included availability of services, suitability of services, and therapist-caused harms. Stigma was the only barrier that was experienced both internally and externally. These findings suggest a need for more supportive mental health services.

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Campbell, Rebecca, Deborah Bybee, Kathleen D. Kelley, Emily R. Dworkin i Debra Patterson. "The Impact of Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE) Program Services on Law Enforcement Investigational Practices". Criminal Justice and Behavior 39, nr 2 (28.12.2011): 169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854811428038.

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Smele, Sandra, Andrea Quinlan i Curtis Fogel. "Sexual Assault Policing and Justice for People With Developmental Disabilities". Violence and Victims 34, nr 5 (1.10.2019): 818–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-18-00041.

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The Services and Supports to Promote Social Inclusion of Persons With Developmental Disabilities Act that passed in 2008 was intended to improve services and supports for persons with developmental disabilities in Ontario, Canada. This legislation introduced a new mandatory police reporting policy for any suspected abuse, including sexual assault. While heralded as a significant advancement, questions remain about the policy and the Canadian criminal justice system's capacity to effectively respond to abuse of people with developmental disabilities. Drawing on qualitative interview data with police investigators and Victim Crisis Services employees in Ontario, this article examines how police respond to these reports. The findings highlight the need for more clearly defined protocols and training on these types of sexual assault investigations and increased provision and coordination of appropriate support for victims/survivors with developmental disabilities.

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Szebehely, Marta, i Gabrielle Meagher. "Nordic eldercare – Weak universalism becoming weaker?" Journal of European Social Policy 28, nr 3 (10.12.2017): 294–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928717735062.

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This article builds on recent research on the fortunes of universalism in European social policy by tracing the development of eldercare policy in four Nordic countries: Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Six dimensions of universalism are used to assess whether and how eldercare has been universalized or de-universalized in each country in recent decades and the consequences of the trends thereby identified. We find that de-universalization has occurred in all four countries, but more so in Finland and Sweden than in Denmark and Norway. Available data show an increase in for-profit provision of publicly funded care services (via policies promoting service marketization), and an increase of family care (re-familialization), as well as of services paid out-of-pocket (privatization). These changes have occurred without an explicit attack on universalism or retrenchment of formal rights. Nevertheless, the changes threaten the class- and gender-equalizing potential of Nordic welfare states.

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