Rozprawy doktorskie: „Theory of Social Regulation”

1

Knowles, Odessia. "Facebooking for Social Support: An Experimental Test of Relational Regulation Theory". DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1466.

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This study was conducted to examine social support in college student populations by way of the popular social networking website, Facebook. Relational regulation theory was used to drive the study as it posits that social support occurs when a person has conversations and/or shared activities with another individual with whom they identify as relationally meaningful. The conversation, activity, and individual are matters of personal taste; thus, this study examined whether Facebook was a good modality for this to occur. Participants were college students attending a predominately White university located in a semirural, western area of the United States. There were 122 participants across three experimental conditions. Data were collected in group format. Participants completed self-report measures, read news stories, completed puzzles as distractor tasks, and in some conditions interacted with their Facebook accounts. Results indicated that individuals receiving relational social support had a higher positive affect (M = 2.76) as compared to individuals who received no social support (M = 1.81) but were expecting it, and individuals who received nonrelational social support (M = 2.06). The difference between the no social support subgroup and the relational social support subgroup was significant, p = .012.

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2

Rutherford, Paul, i prpdsr@mail usyd edu au. "The Problem of Nature in Contemporary Social Theory". The Australian National University. Research School of Social Sciences, 2000. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20011217.114840.

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This work examines the ways in which the relationship between society and nature is problematic for social theory. The Frankfurt Schools notion of the dialectic of enlightenment is considered, as are the attempts by Jurgen Habermas to defend an emancipatory theory of modernity against this. The marginalising effect Habermas defence of reason has had on the place of nature in his critical social theory is examined, as is the work of theorists such as Ulrich Beck and Klaus Eder. For these latter authors, unlike Habermas, the social relation to nature is at the centre of contemporary society, giving rise to new forms of modernisation and politics. ¶ Michel Foucaults work on biopolitics and governmentality is examined against the background of his philosophical debate with Habermas on power and rationality. The growth of scientific ecology is shown to have both problematised the social relation to nature and provided the political technology for new forms of regulatory intervention in the management of the population and resources. These new forms of intervention constitute a form of ecological governmentality along the lines discussed by Foucault and others in relation to the human sciences. ¶ However, Foucaults work is not sufficiently critical of the relationship between the natural sciences and power. Extending Foucaults biopolitics to environmental discourse is consistent with his general approach to power, but his incomplete critique of political sovereignty meant that for him agency remained tied to an idealised notion of the autonomy of the human subject. He therefore made too strong a distinction between the human and natural sciences and between power and the capacities of non-human entities, and continued to view the natural sciences as separating themselves from power in a way that was not possible in the human sciences. ¶ A more general critique of epistemic sovereignty reveals that the natural sciences (including ecology) are subject to disciplinary and normalising practices similar to those of the human sciences. Foucaults key inadequacy is that he linked agency to human autonomy and sovereignty. The work of Bruno Latour and other actor network theorists show that an unambiguous ontological distinction between nature, material technologies and active human subjects is highly problematic. In the place of a separate society and nature, this thesis argues that it is preferable to see these as a single socio-nature populated by the hybrid products of translation networks. ¶ By drawing together the insights of recent governmentality studies and the approach of actor network theory to agency and translation, Foucaults concept of biopolitics can be adapted to provide a theoretical framework for understanding the ecological programs of government that have emerged around the problem of nature in second half of the twentieth century.

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Karabiyikoglu, Mert. "Future Of Regulation Theory: Open-endedness And Post-disciplinarity". Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608417/index.pdf.

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Since the early 1970s, regulation theory have analysed the restructuring of capitalist economies in historical time. As early studies within that political economic research were againt the structural-functionalism explicit in Marxist theories of capitalism at the time on the one hand, and the closed theoretical system of neoclassical economics on the other, regulationists soon resorted to an open-method analysis of stylised facts. Such a method is none other than a middle-range theory. This study touches upon Boyer&rsquo
s and Jessop&rsquo
s arguments on the antithetical consequences of this middle-rangeness for further as well as former theoretical research within regulation theory and their particular scheme of inflé
chissement for that political economic heuristic in institutionalist and integral economic terms.

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4

Strachan, Shaelyn. "An Identity Theory and Social Cognitive Theory Examination of the Role of Identity in Health Behaviour and Behavioural Regulation". Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/729.

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The self has been identified as the ?psychological apparatus that allows individuals to think consciously about themselves? (Leary & Price Tangney, 2003, p. 8). Further, the self has been identified as a worthwhile construct of investigation in relation to health behaviour (Contrada & Ashmore, 1999). Two self-related variables that have been useful in the study of health behaviour are identity (e. g. Anderson, Cychosz, & Franke, 1998; Petosa, Suminski & Hortz, 2003; Storer, Cychosz, & Anderson, 1997) and self-efficacy (Maddux, Brawley & Boykin, 1995). Identity Theory posits that individuals regulate their behaviour in a manner that is consistent with their goal identity (Gecas & Burke, 2003). Social Cognitive Theory provides a means of measuring social cognitions that may be important in behavioural regulation relative to identity. Further, self-efficacy beliefs may influence individuals? persistence at aligning their identity and behaviour. Research to date has investigated the link between identity and exercise (e. g. Anderson, Cychosz & Franke, 1998; Petosa, et al. , 2003). Further, researchers are beginning to investigate the link between identity and other health behaviours (e. g. Armitage & Conner, 1999; Kendzierski and Costello, 2004; Storer, Cychosz, & Andersen, 1997). However, research has not utilized the predictive frameworks offered by Identity Theory and Social Cognitive Theory to investigate the relationships between identity, behaviour and behavioural regulation.

Study One investigated the role of identity and self-efficacy beliefs in the maintenance of vigorous physical activity. Results were consistent with both Identity Theory and Social Cognitive Theory. Individuals who strongly identified with the runner identity expressed stronger task and self-regulatory efficacy beliefs. They also exercised more frequently and for longer durations than did those who only moderately identified with running.

Study Two further explored the relationship between exercise identity, exercise behaviour and the self-regulatory processes involved in behavioural regulation. Identity Theory and Social Cognitive Theory were used as guiding frameworks for this investigation. High and moderate exercise identity groups were compared in term of their affective and cognitive reactions to a hypothetical behavioural challenge to exercise identity. Consistent with Identity Theory, results indicated that participants appeared to be regulating their behaviour in a manner that was consistent with their exercise identity. Specifically, in response to the behavioural challenge to identity, high exercise identity participants, in contrast to their moderate counterparts, showed (a) less positive and (b) greater negative affect about the challenge, (c) higher self-regulatory efficacy for future exercise under the same challenging conditions, (d) stronger intentions for this future exercise, as well as for (e) using self-regulatory strategies to manage the challenging conditions and (f) intending to exercise more frequently under those conditions.

Study Three investigated whether identity with healthy eating could also be useful in understanding behaviour and behavioural regulation. Similar to Study Two, extreme healthy-eater identity groups? reactions to a hypothetical behavioural challenge to identity were compared. Results were similar to Study Two. Participants responded in a manner that suggested that they would regulate their future behaviour relative to their healthy-eater identity. In response to the behavioural challenge to identity, individuals who highly identified as healthy-eaters expressed less (a) positive affect, greater (b) negative affect, (c) self-regulatory efficacy for managing their healthy eating in the future challenging weeks, (d) intentions to eat a healthy diet, (e) generated more self-regulatory strategies and had (f) stronger intentions to use those strategies in future weeks under the same challenging conditions than did individuals who moderately identified themselves as healthy-eaters. Further, prospective relationships between healthy-eater identity and social cognitive variables, and healthy eating outcomes were examined. As was found in Study One in the context of exercise, healthy-eater identity and social cognitions predicted healthy eating outcomes.

Taken together, the three studies suggest that identity may be important in understanding health behaviours and the regulation of these behaviours. Also, the present findings support the compatible use of Identity Theory and Social Cognitive Theory in the investigation of identity and health behaviour.

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5

Barnsley, Megan Christina. "The social consequences of defensive physiological states". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/4062.

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This thesis examines the validity of polyvagal theory as a model of normal socio-emotional responding (Porges, 1995, 2001, 2003a). Polyvagal theory makes several claims, and to date many of its predictions lack empirical testing. In the current research, five main hypotheses stemming from polyvagal theory were identified and tested using healthy participants. The initial empirical study examined the influence of laboratory stressors on autonomic function. The findings revealed that social evaluative threat increases activation of the sympathetic nervous system more than a virtual reality maze, and that arousal remains elevated for longer during anticipation of social evaluative threat in comparison to recovery from social evaluative threat. The second study investigated the effects of emotion regulation strategies on autonomic function, and highlighted the effectiveness of two meditation practices in reducing defensive physiological arousal and increasing subjective positive emotion. These studies were followed with a set of studies designed to evaluate the effects of defensive physiological arousal on socio-emotional functioning, as a direct test of polyvagal theory. The first study examined the effects of a laboratory stressor on facial expressivity, revealing that social evaluative threat had little impact on expressive regulation. A second study investigated the effects of a laboratory stressor on emotional sensitivity and spontaneous facial mimicry. Some limited support was found for polyvagal theory, although neither emotional sensitivity nor facial mimicry was significantly affected by laboratory stress. A final empirical study investigated the effects of a laboratory stressor on affiliation tendencies. The laboratory stressor did not influence participants’ willingness to spend time with others, however the experiment did reveal significant relationships between markers of social safeness and affiliation. The overall conclusion of this thesis is that polyvagal may not be a representative model of socio-emotional functioning in healthy participants. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the validity of polyvagal theory as a universal model of socio-emotional responding.

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6

Kalanick, Julie Lynn. "Helping in the Workplace: A Social Cognitive Perspective". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26909.

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This study employed an experimental design intended to be an analog to the workplace to examine a person by situation interactive effect on OCBs, which were evaluated as prosocial behaviors. This study also sought to provide initial empirical support for the two-stage social cognitive model of OCBs proposed by Hauenstein and Kalanick (2008). Participants were 194 undergraduates. The study was a 2 (Helpfulness) by 2 (Fairness) design. After completing distracter tasks 1 and 2, participants received either a helpfulness prime or a control prime (task 3). Participants then either experienced either a fair manipulation or an unfair manipulation. Results indicated a distinction between the decision to help and helping effort, which has not been thoroughly examined in literature on OCBs. Results revealed main effects for the helpfulness prime and fairness manipulation on the decision to engage in helping. The nature of these effects was that participants helped more when they were primed with helpfulness and when they experienced fairness. However, once helping commenced, there was an interactive effect between helpfulness and fairness such that the helpfulness prime had a stronger effect on participants treated unfairly. Implications for future research on OCBs are discussed.
Ph. D.

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7

Sovetkina, Elena. "Oral sex behaviour as part of adolescents' psycho-social functioning : a self-regulation theory perspective". Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683547.

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Oral sex behaviour is fast and widely transforming into an everyday practice of modern adolescents’ life. Although seemingly less risky than vaginal or anal sex, it is accompanied by a rise in STIs alongside depression and anxiety associated with oral sex experiences of some young females, thus putting at risk both current and future adolescents’ sexual and psychological health and well-being. The four studies included in this thesis were designed to contribute to our understanding of adolescents’ oral sex behaviour as a part of their more complex psycho-social functioning. In particular, these studies aimed to test a proposed pathway of effects between self-control and successful or unsuccessful management of adolescents’ oral sex behaviour and associated with this behaviour psychological well-being through the application of self-regulation theory. Students’ oral sex behaviour and psychological well-being were tested at cross-sectional and longitudinal level, and analysed in detail through both quantitative and qualitative studies. The findings indicated that high dispositional ability to restrain sexual behaviour, motivation to control sexual behaviour and compliance to normative rules had a restrictive effect on the likelihood of engagement in oral sex, although their combined effect was found to vary under power relation pressure and according to the type of ego depletion state. Accounting for gender differences, for female students, body image satisfaction, self-esteem, and negative body image thinking habits were found to influence the likelihood of engagement in oral sex behaviour under gender power pressures in relationship and in ego depletion states (i.e. physical tiredness, cognitive load, alcohol consumption, emotional rise). In terms of psychological well-being, self-confidence was reported to be the most important factor influencing both females’ engagement in oral sex and its re-appraisal. The findings are in accordance with previous work on application of self-regulation theory in other areas of health-related behaviour; they indicate that self-control and motivation to control sexual behaviour can be promoted in modifications of risky sexual behaviour.

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8

Deva, Surya. "Violation of human rights by multinational corporations : an integrated theory of regulation". Phd thesis, Faculty of Law, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/11721.

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9

Horton, Heather K. "Gendered Bodies and the U.S. Military: Exploring the Institutionalized Regulation of Bodies". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2014. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1874.

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This thesis supplements existing literature by examining the relationship between institutional regulations and gendered assumptions about bodies. This thesis draws from feminist social constructionist perspectives and gendered organizational theories to explore the role of gendered body assumptions in the organizational framework of a hypermasculine political institution. Using the U.S. military as an illustrative example, this thesis studies military policies and rationales historically, focusing on the post-Vietnam accelerated inclusion of women, the increasing use of combat as a divisive component, and the gendered structural elements that are used to determine physical competence. Findings coincide with existing literature and suggest that social meanings relating to gender are a prominent influence in U.S. military policy historically and contemporarily, even when biological reasons are cited as justification. This research provides implications for understanding institutional, strategic use of gender and provides analysis of how physical bodies and accompanying social meanings are impacted by institutional goals.

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10

Mapunda, Angelo Mtitu. "Legal regulation of prices in Tanzania : an examination of the Regulation of Prices Act 1973 as a tool of social change and development". Thesis, University of Warwick, 1987. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3846/.

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Drawing mainly from the Tazanian experience this study attempts to review the principal issues in the legal regulation of prices, by identifying both the general and specific importance of law in this respect. The position I shall present is that legal control is both necessary and desirable for the welfare and social development of the people. The key issue is whether the market-place will perform its function satisfactory: Will it produce socially desirable results? If it will not, why will it not? And will legal regulation help to do the job a little better? In an attempt to answer some of these questions, first of all, outline the basic issues raised by the study in the first Chapter. Then I examine the general case for price controls - the theory about the controls, the motives and reasons for their imposition and the manner in which they are effected in different economic systems. This is done in Chapter Two. Relying most on the available literature on the regulatory process, this Chapter also looks at the relationship between law and economic regulation and concludes that the effectiveness of law depends on the existence of a conducive socio-economic environment. In Chapter Three I describe the past record of price control laws in Tanzania. I conclude that despite the failure in the past, the controls still constitute an important policy instrument in the transition to socialism. In Chapters Four and Five I describe the manner in which the current regulations are implemented and the problems encountered. I conclude that the operational performance of the controls is constrained by internal and external influences on the economic and political life of the country. In the concluding Chapter I assess the impact of the controls: Do the controls work? Do people buy goods at the controlled prices? Why today the controls are almost popularly accepted as worthwhile? I conclude that while there may be no measurable economic gains derived by consumers, the controls have a stabilising effect on the social and political front. In the final section I argue that the future success of the legislation depends on creating a correspondence between the economic structures and the control system. What makes the controls ineffective is not so much defects in the law but the contradictions between the orientation of and functioning of the economic system and the ideological commitment.

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11

Goldstein, Thalia Raquel. "The Effects of Acting Training on Theory of Mind, Empathy, and Emotion Regulation". Thesis, Boston College, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1970.

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Thesis advisor: Ellen Winner
Despite the widespread involvement of individuals in drama either as performers or audience members, psychologists know very little about the cognitive and affective underpinnings of acting. Acting may provide a powerful lens through which to understand how we understand our own and others' minds. In this dissertation, I review research on theory of mind, empathy, and emotion regulation, show how these three skills are related to acting theory and acting training, and discuss studies I have previously completed demonstrating correlations between skill in acting and skill in theory of mind, empathy, and positive emotion regulation. I then completed four studies. Study 1 was a longitudinal study comparing children (ages 8-10) receiving acting vs. visual arts training over the course of one academic year testing the hypothesis that acting training in childhood is causally related to development of advanced theory of mind, positive emotion regulation, and empathy. Study 1 found that children in acting classes gain in empathy and expression of emotion over a year above children involved in other art forms. Study 2 was a qualitative study designed to determine the kinds of habits of mind taught, explicitly and implicitly, in acting classes for children (ages 8-10). The purpose of Study 2 was to determine the extent to which acting teachers strive to teach theory of mind, empathy, and adaptive emotion regulation in their acting classes. Study 2 found that children in acting classes at this age are taught about physicality and motivation, with no emphasis on empathy or emotion regulation and only a slight emphasis on theory of mind. Study 3 was parallel to Study 1, but with young adolescents, aged 13-15. Study 3 found that adolescents involved in acting classes gain in their empathy, theory of mind acuity, and expressive emotion regulation over the course of a year over and above adolescents involved in other art forms. Study 4 was parallel to Study 2, with acting classes for adolescents. Study 4 found that adolescent acting classes focus on theory of mind and motivation, without any emphasis on empathy or emotion regulation. I conclude by considering the potential impact of this research on our understanding of typical development in theory of mind, empathy, emotion regulation, and on our understanding of individuals deficient in these skills
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2010
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Psychology

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12

Uctug, Cagan. "Regulation Theory And Economic Crises: The Cases Of Greece And Turkey". Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615177/index.pdf.

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This thesis analyzes the economic crises of recent years through the lens of the Regulation Theory. It focuses on the Greek Crisis of 2009 and the Turkish Financial Crises of 2000 and 2001. Furthermore it also analyzes the crisis in the United States to give a better grounding for the current crises. The thesis tries to answer the questions of whether or not Regulation Theory proves to be a sufficient tool for analyzing these crises and whether or not these fit the definition of crisis that the Regulation Theory puts forward. It is argued that Regulation Theory explains to a great extent both the causes and the structure of the crises.

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13

Du, Minmin. "Audit judgment and self-regulation : the implications of regulatory focus theory and regulatory fit in audit". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6916/.

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This thesis introduces two concomitant psychological perspectives, Regulatory Focus Theory and Regulatory Fit Theory to research in the field of audit judgment and decision making (JDM). The purpose of this thesis is to explore the applicability of the two theories in audit JDM research and to generate preliminary empirical results concerning their plausible implications. Regulatory Focus Theory (Higgins, 1997) provides a fundamental model of human cognition, emotion, and behaviour, as composed of two distinct self-regulation systems: promotion focus (concerned with nurturance needs) versus prevention focus (concerned with security needs). The developing theory has provided many remarkable insights into cognition and decision-making generally. It is proposed in this thesis that Regulatory Focus Theory has important implications for audit JDM, and that it may enrich the account of difference in audit judgment and cognition among auditors provided by prior research. Employing an audit task setting that involved judgment concerning investigation boundaries, this thesis reports evidence for the distinct effects of promotion focus versus prevention focus on cognition of temporal aspects of accounting information and on information processing styles in audit judgment. Participants represent a mix of accounting undergraduates, MBA students, and accounting practitioners. Compared with promotion- focused individuals, prevention-focused individuals over-discount the significance of accounting information distant in the past (five-years ago), while under-discount proximal (two-years ago) information. When information is processed procedurally rather than intuitively, differences in judgments among subjects with promotion versus prevention focus is significantly reduced. Higgins‘ later work looks at how strategic means serve one‘s regulatory focus dispositions and finds that certain strategic means or behaviours may better sustains or fit one‘s motivational state than others (Cesario, Higgins, and Scholer, 2008). The concept of regulatory fit has been applied by researchers in the field of consumer behaviour to study the effect of regulatory fit on the persuasiveness of advocacy messages (e.g., Avent and Higgins, 2006). This thesis proposes that the persuasion effect of regulatory fit can be applied to audit JDM and in particular to the persuasion aspects of the audit review process, and provides new evidence in support of the proposal. The persuasion effect of regulatory fit is examined in a scenario constructed to be analogous to audit. Accounting undergraduates assume a role as independent party to advice the committee of a student drama club on planning of activities for the current year based on review of accounting information in relation to revenue generation of the club. Experimental results reported in this thesis show the relevance of regulatory fit / misfit in audit judgment. Across three settings of regulatory fit induction: The experiments manipulated various sources of regulatory fit – fit from framings of messages received; fit from strategic means applied within the task; and finally fit from prior performance in a separate task. The thesis has demonstrated methods by which regulatory fit can be created from various sources in audit contexts and offered findings suggesting factors affecting audit judgment not yet covered in extant research, e.g., order of audit tasks and the strategic manner of audit tasks (eager versus vigilant).

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14

Poddar, Kavita Hariram. "Using Social Cognitive Theory to Improve Intake of Dairy Products by College Students". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37430.

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College students engage in poor dietary behaviors which put them at risk of weight gain and subsequent future health problems. This necessitates implementation of nutrition interventions which target dietary behaviors in college students so that healthy dietary patterns can be adopted and maintained through adulthood. Dairy intake is one of the many dietary behaviors which has declined substantially in young adults (18-30 years of age) - a period which includes the college age population. According to 2005 dietary guidelines for Americans three or more than three servings of low-fat/fat-free dairy foods is recommended for young adults, which is associated with overall nutrient quality of the diet and several health benefits. Still dairy consumption in this age group is below two serving per day. As emerging adults, college students may be more receptive to health advice than young adults older than traditional college years whose health habits are more established; nutrition intervention to improve dairy intake may be well received. Psycho-socio variables from Social Cognitive Theory (self regulation, social support, self-efficacy and outcome expectations) have been associated with adoption of healthy eating habits in college students and are associated with dairy consumption in adolescents. A series of studies were conducted to assess and improve dairy intake in college students by changing the mediating psycho social variables from Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) of behavior change including social support, self efficacy, outcome expectations and self regulation. A pilot web based nutrition education intervention was conducted to improve dairy intake in college students using SCT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the intervention on self efficacy, outcome expectations, self regulation, behavior and dairy product intake. Two hundred and ninety four students participated in the study and data on dairy intake and SCT variables were collected using 7 day food records and questionnaires. A 5 week electronic mail intervention was conducted. The intervention improved some social cognitive factors such as self regulation and self efficacy regarding increased dairy intake in college students, though dairy intake did not change. Next, to understand factors associated with dairy intake in college students, qualitative data were collected using focus group discussions (n=3), elicitation interviews (n=13) and online asynchronous discussion forums (n=3) using identical questions. Fifty students participated in the study and the aim was to identify relevant barriers, motivators and facilitators to dairy and low-fat dairy consumption. The results indicated that there was widespread lack of clarity regarding amount of dairy/calcium required and whether students felt they were getting enough. Major barriers to consuming dairy foods included short shelf life, storage issues, taste and accessibility to dairy foods on campus. Major facilitators included constant reminders, knowing immediate benefits, more accessibility and breakfast consumption. The aim of the final study was to improve social support, self efficacy, outcome expectations, self regulation and behavior related to dairy intake in college students using Social Cognitive Theory (SCT). One hundred and ninety one students participated in the study which included 8 week electronic mail intervention. Data collected included 7 day food records and for dairy intake and questionnaires for SCT variables. The intervention resulted in significant improvement in total dairy intake and use of self regulation strategies by college students. Taken together, these results suggest that theory-based nutrition education interventions can improve nutrition behavior in college students, a population prone to poor dietary habits. Developing mastery experiences to improve self efficacy may enhance self regulatory skills like goal setting, planning and monitoring to improve dairy intake in college students. Health care providers should aim at dietary behavior modification via theory based intervention.
Ph. D.

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15

Stewart, Dorris Kamiya. "LOSING CONTROL: THE CONSEQUENCES OF INDIVIDUAL- AND GROUP-BASED SOCIAL EXCLUSION ON LATINA WOMEN’S SELF-REGULATION OF UNHEALTHY EATING". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/573.

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Social exclusion is a psychologically stressful experience that impairs people’s ability to control specific behaviors or events. In the current study, I attempted to reconcile competing predictions regarding whether exclusion is especially harmful to control, or self-regulate, when it is attributed to individual- or group-based characteristics of a person. Per the self-evaluation maintenance (SEM) model, social exclusion should be most detrimental to self-regulation when it is directed at a person’s unique traits, or individual self. In contrast, social identity theory (SIT) predicts that exclusion is especially damaging when it is directed at a person’s group membership. I examined whether the seemingly contradictory predictions made by SEM and SIT are because they relate to different circumstances concerning the fairness of the exclusion experience. Most research regarding individual-based exclusion involves situations in which the exclusion seems fair, or deserved, whereas research regarding group-based exclusion focuses on discrimination, or unfair exclusion. An online exclusion paradigm (i.e., “College Survivor”) was used to examine the role of fairness. During the Survivor game, Latina women experienced either individual- or group-based exclusion that was either fair or unfair. Afterwards, participants were asked to taste and rate three bowls of chocolate that were ostensibly manufactured in three countries that used different recipes. The findings demonstrated that participants consumed the most calories (i.e., showed the greatest loss of self-control) when exclusion was fair and directed towards their individual selves, or when exclusion was unfair and directed towards their group selves.

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16

Ulasan, Ozgule Emine Tuna. "Mediating Role Of Self-regulation Between Parenting, Attachment, And Adjustment In Middle Adolescence". Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613487/index.pdf.

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Adolescence is characterized as the transition period from childhood to adulthood and healthy adjustment invokes internal and external resources. The individual resources consist of the regulatory abilities, which are influenced by emotional family context. Emotional family context includes factors such as parenting, attachment quality to parents, and the level of marital conflict between parents. However, these three research areas have relatively remained separate from each other and the period of adolescence is mostly neglected in longitudinal research. In order to partially fill in this gap, both cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between proximal family contextual factors, regulatory abilities and psychosocial adjustment of the adolescents were examined by collecting data from first and second grade students of two high schools (N = 426), their teachers (N = 353), and parents (N = 187 for mothers, N = 175 for fathers). In line with the propositions of the Attachment (Bowlby, 1969
1973) and Self-Determination Theories (SDT
Deci &
Ryan, 1985), and the frameworks within marital conflict literature (Davies &
Cummings, 1994
Grych &
Fincham, 1990), it was anticipated that parental warmth, behavioral control, and secure attachment to both parents would influence regulatory capacities of the adolescents positively, and healthy regulation processes would be related to successful psychosocial adjustment of the adolescents. On the other hand, parental rejection, comparing adolescents with others, psychological control, and marital conflict would predict low levels of regulatory abilities, and in turn, they would be associated with poor psychosocial adjustment. Similarly, the longitudinal effects of marital conflict on parenting and the effects of attachment quality to parents on regulatory development of the adolescents were also examined. Participants completed multiple measures of the major variables in the study. The structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses were used to test the proposed mediated models. The findings of the study mostly supported the direct effects of emotional family context on regulatory abilities of the adolescents, their problem behaviors, and the quality of the relationships with their peers. The results were generally consistent with the previous research in the Western cultures. Positive emotional family context variables were related with the healthy development, whereas negative ones were related with poor developmental outcomes. The results of covariance analyses also showed that attachment strength to parents and the quality of peer relationships were related with healthy regulatory processes of the adolescents. The longitudinal SEM analyses showed that externalization problems of the adolescents, which were associated with the marital conflict between parents, predicted higher levels of negative parenting in the long run. Additionally, secure attachment to parents predicted high levels of positive and low levels of negative parenting, all of which were associated with adolescents&rsquo
high levels of positive regulatory capacities. This study contributed to the understanding of the effects of emotional family context on adolescent optimal development through time and showed that for a healthy adjustment, high-quality close relationships both with the family and the peers were required.

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17

Markou, Christopher Phillip Stephen. "Law and artificial intelligence : a systems-theoretical analysis". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/278977.

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Law and technology regularly conflict. The reasons for this are several and complex. Some conflicts are trivial and straightforwardly resolvable. Others, such as the creation of artificial minds, are not. History indicates that when law and technology conflict; both systems can adapt—often over periods of time—to new social circumstances and continue performing their societal functions. Simply: law and technology co-evolve. However, if the legal system is to retain its autonomous role in society, what are its adaptive limits in the context of profound, and perhaps unprecedented, technological changes? My thesis addresses the question of whether, and if so, to what extent, the legal system can respond to ‘conflicts’ with increasingly complex and legally problematic technological change. It draws on theories of legal and social evolution—particularly the Social Systems Theory (SST) of Niklas Luhmann—to explore the notion of a ‘lag’ in the legal system’s ability to respond to technological changes and ‘shocks’. It evaluates the claim that the legal system’s ‘lagged’ response to technological change is a deficit of its functioning. ‘Lag’ may be both good and bad. It allows the law to be self-referential while also limiting its effectiveness in controlling other sub-systems. Thus there is an implicit intersystemic trade-off. The hypothesis here: ‘lag’ is an endogenous legal advantage that helps to ensure the legal system’s autonomy, as well as the continuity of legal processes that help ameliorate potentially harmful or undesirable outcomes of science and technology on society and the individual. The legal system can adjust to technological change. However, it can only adjust its internal operations, which takes time and is constrained by the need to maintain legal autonomy—or in SST terms—sits autopoiesis. The signs of this adjustment are the conceptual evolution of legal concepts and processes related to new technological changes and risks, among other things. A close reading of Anglo-American legal history and jurisprudence supports this. While legal systems are comparatively inflexible in response to new technologies—due to doctrinal ossification and reliance upon precedent and analogy in legal reasoning—an alternative outcome is possible: the disintegration of the boundary between law and technology and the consequential loss of legal autonomy. The disintegration of this boundary would consequentially reduce society’s capacity to mediate and regulate technological change, thus diminishing the autopoiesis of the legal system. A change of this kind would be signalled by what some identify as the emergence of a technological ordering—or a ‘rule of technology’—displacing and potentially subsuming the rule of law. My thesis evaluates evidence for these two scenarios—the self-renewing capacity of the legal system, on the one hand, or its disintegration in response to technological change, on the other. These opposing scenarios are evaluated using a social ontological study of technology generally, and a case study using Artificial Intelligence (AI) specifically, to identify and predict the co- evolutionary dynamics of the law/technology relationship and assess the extent to which the legal system can shape, and be shaped by, technological change. In assessing this situation, this thesis explores the nature of AI, its benefits and drawbacks, and argues that its proliferation may require a corresponding shift in the fundamental mechanics of law. As AI standardises across industries and social sub-systems, centralised authorities such as government agencies, corporations, and indeed legal systems, may lose the ability to coordinate and regulate the activities of disparate persons through ex post regulatory means. Consequentially, there is a pressing need to understand not just how AI interfaces with existing legal frameworks, but how legal systems must pre-adapt to oncoming, and predominately unexplored, legal challenges. This thesis argues that AI is an autopoietic technology, and that there is thus a corresponding need to understand its intersystemic effects if there is to be an effective societal governance regime for it. This thesis demonstrates that SST provides us with the shared theoretical grammar to start and sustain this dialogue.

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Winter-Messiers, Mary Ann. "Embarrassment, Theory of Mind, and Emotion Regulation in Adolescents' with Asperger's Syndrome and High Functioning Autism". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/17876.

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The purpose of the present study was to increase our understanding of the relations among embarrassment, Theory of Mind (ToM), and emotion dysregulation in adolescents with Asperger's Syndrome and High Functioning Autism (AS/HFA), topics that have not previously been the foci of research in this population. The research sample consisted of 42 participants, split equally between adolescents with AS/HFA and typically developing (TD) adolescents. Participants with AS/HFA were matched with TD participants for chronological age and gender. Parents of all participants, typically mothers, were also required to complete measures. Participants were presented with vignettes of embarrassing or anger inducing scenarios, following which they were asked to provide ratings indicating the degree to which they would be embarrassed or angry in the protagonists' positions. Next they were asked to justify those ratings. Results indicated that the AS/HFA group experienced greater difficulty than the TD group with measures requiring ToM abilities. This was particularly true of embarrassment/social faux pas situations. In contrast, both groups performed similarly on measures involving anger-inducing situations that require less ToM. The significant difficulty of the AS/HFA group in understanding ToM in embarrassment measures was corroborated by their poor performance on an independent ToM measure. In addition to having significant difficulty in understanding embarrassment, the AS/HFA group was significantly less able than the TD group to recount personally embarrassing experiences. Regarding emotion regulation, participants with AS/HFA were significantly less able than their TD peers to regulate their emotions through reappraisal. Similarly, parents of the AS/HFA participants reported a significantly higher level of emotion dysregulation in their children than did the parents of the TD participants. Further, participants with AS/HFA had a significantly higher utilization frequency of negative strategies than their TD peers when embarrassed, which aligned with parent report. Negative strategies included internal, verbal, and physical self-injurious behaviors, as well as destructive interpersonal behaviors, e.g., falsely accusing, yelling at, or hitting others. These findings emphasize the critical and potentially harmful impact of embarrassing experiences in the daily lives of adolescents with AS/HFA.

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Galgali, Madhwa S. "EXSISTENTIAL MOTIVATION AND THE EXPRESSION AND REGULATION OF RELIGIOUS FAITH AMONG BELIEVERS AND ATHEISTS". Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1595341546496805.

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Li, Ruimin. "Bank capital regulation : a comparison of risk measurements based on the GVAR model". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2019. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/119684/.

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Risk measures are the core indicator of risk management and a proper risk assessment model is essential for successful financial institutions. Value at Risk and Expected Shortfall are the two most popular and acceptable risk measurement methods presently employed to assess risks in the financial market. In the past few years, researchers have attempted to demonstrate that Expected Shortfall performs better against the traditional Value at Risk method. However, the lack of elicitability and difficult backtesting of this method suggest that the popularisation of ES might be gradual. This thesis will present a comparison of these two methods not only from a traditional perspective, such as the measurement of tail risk, but also form the perspective of risk capital requirement. Through Historical Simulation and Filtered Historical Simulation, it concludes that switching from Value at Risk to Expected Shortfall method would reduce risk capital requirement and enhance financial leverage of organisations. Additionally, this research also combines macroeconomic elements, the financial market and central banks, and analyses the influence of a positive leverage shock on the macro-economy through a Global Vector Autoregression model.

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Perkins, Scott. "Self-Regulation and Physical Activity in WKU Employees". TopSCHOLAR®, 2013. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1233.

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Many Americans do not engage in the recommended amount of physical activity, and thus do not receive the potential physical and mental health benefits from physical activity. Stage of change is a model that categorizes individuals into one of five stages based on behavior and intentions for future behavior. This model is useful for promoting physical activity because it allows for tailoring of interventions to individuals with different physical activity levels and readiness for change. The main purpose of this research was to test if more adaptive scores for Essential Self-Regulation Model (ESRM) constructs are found for persons in higher stages of change. Analyses included 96 Western Kentucky University faculty and staff to test the hypothesis that as stage of change increases, the more adaptive the scores will be in regard to the ESRM constructs, including: self-determination (i.e., subtypes of motivation), self-efficacy, attributions, goal setting, strategy use, and self-monitoring. The results supported this hypothesis for intrinsic, integrated, and identified subtypes of motivation, cost, self-efficacy, and goal setting. Constructs that were not significant but had results in the hypothesized direction were introjected and amotivated subtypes of motivation, strategy use, and selfmonitoring. Attribution scores resulted in the opposite of the hypothesized direction. Conclusions, limitations, implications, and suggestions for future research are discussed.

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22

Craike, Melinda Jane, i n/a. "An Exploratory Study of the Social Psychological Determinants of Regular Participation in Leisure-Time Physical Activity". Griffith University. Griffith Business School, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20060810.154920.

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Despite the widely documented physical, psychological, and social benefits of regular participation in physical activity (Bauman & Campbell, 2001; Blair, Kohl & Barlow, 1995; Paluska & Schwenk, 2000; U.S Department of Health & Human Services, 1996), less than half of the Australian population participate in 'sufficient' levels of physical activity in terms of time and frequency of participation (Bauman, Ford & Armstrong, 2001). Thus the examination of social psychological determinants of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity is important. A mixed methods approach was adopted to identify and test the important social psychological determinants of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity. Phase one of the study was qualitative in nature and adopted a grounded theory approach. A number of important themes emerged from the qualitative phase, including: definitions and meanings of physical activity; physical activity and choice, obligation, reasons for participation; enjoyment of physical activity; changing perceptions and influences on physical activity from childhood to adulthood; and priority of physical activity. The interrelations between these themes and their impact on regularity of participation were explored. These findings, along with theoretical propositions and evidence from previous studies, contributed to the development of a model of the social psychological determinants of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity. They also contributed to the development of items to measure important concepts in the model. Phase two was quantitative in nature and used structural equation modelling to test the model. The quantitative phase involved a sample of 250 people aged 19-87 years living in an Australian capital city. Self-report questionnaires measured regularity of participation in leisure-time physical activity (dependent variable), leisure-time physical activity behaviour regulation, intrinsic motivation towards leisure-time physical activity, enjoyment of leisure-time physical activity, and priority of leisure-time physical activity (independent and mediating variables). Each of the independent and mediating variables was multidimensional in nature, the components of which were assessed using confirmatory factor analysis in structural equation modelling prior to the testing of structural models. After some adjustment, the predictors were satisfactorily represented by their respective multifactor models, except intrinsic motivation, which was best represented by a single factor model. Following modification, the proposed model of the social psychological determinants of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity was found to be a good fit of the data. Relationships within the model indicated the importance of the priority of leisure-time physical activity factors in the prediction of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity. The influence of preference for leisure-time physical activity on regular participation in leisure-time physical activity was mediated by level of priority and making time for leisure-time physical activity. That is, people who preferred to participate in leisure-time physical activity over other types of leisure tended to make it a higher priority, and, in turn, tended to make time to participate. Making time was subsequently associated with increased regularity of participation in leisure-time physical activity. The enjoyment factors influenced regular participation in leisure-time physical activity through their influence on preference for leisure-time physical activity. Activity enjoyment had a positive influence on preference and enjoyment dependent on surroundings had a negative influence. However, in the overall model, the behaviour regulators and intrinsic motivation attenuated the influence of the enjoyment factors on preference for leisure-time physical activity. This suggested that people's underlying behaviour regulators and levels of intrinsic motivation have a similar influence on their preference for leisure-time physical activity as their feelings of enjoyment. However, behaviour regulators and intrinsic motivation appear to be more powerful influences of preference than enjoyment. Intrinsic motivation towards leisure-time physical activity positively influenced regular participation in leisure-time physical activity through its influence on preference for leisure-time physical activity. It also had a direct influence on regularity of participation. Thus, people who were more intrinsically motivated tended to participate more regularly in leisure-time physical activity partly because they formed preferences for physical activity over other types of leisure. Furthermore, the direct influence of intrinsic motivation on regular participation suggested that there were explanations, beyond that of preference and priority, for why those who were intrinsically motivated tended to participate more regularly in leisure-time physical activity. The behaviour regulators of external regulation (negative), introjected regulation (positive) and identified regulation (positive) influenced regularity of participation in leisure-time physical activity mostly through their influence on intrinsic motivation towards leisure-time physical activity. That is, when people felt their physical activity was externally regulated, they felt less intrinsically motivated to participate and this was subsequently associated with less regular participation. On the other hand, when people were regulated by introjection and identification, they tended to feel more intrinsically motivated and this was subsequently associated with more regular participation. External regulation and introjected regulation also had a direct negative influence on preference for leisure-time physical activity and perceptions of the availability of time, respectively. Thus, people who felt externally regulated tended to have less preference for leisure-time physical activity and those who were regulated through introjection were more likely to perceive that they did not have the time to participate. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by highlighting the importance of preferences and prioritisation on perceptions of time availability, and subsequently, regularity of participation in leisure-time physical activity. It also demonstrated that behaviour regulators and intrinsic motivation are important determinants of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity in a general community sample. These findings have theoretical and practical implications for researchers, leisure professionals, and policy makers. They also suggest a number of significant areas of further research.

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23

Craike, Melinda Jane. "An Exploratory Study of the Social Psychological Determinants of Regular Participation in Leisure-Time Physical Activity". Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366174.

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Despite the widely documented physical, psychological, and social benefits of regular participation in physical activity (Bauman & Campbell, 2001; Blair, Kohl & Barlow, 1995; Paluska & Schwenk, 2000; U.S Department of Health & Human Services, 1996), less than half of the Australian population participate in 'sufficient' levels of physical activity in terms of time and frequency of participation (Bauman, Ford & Armstrong, 2001). Thus the examination of social psychological determinants of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity is important. A mixed methods approach was adopted to identify and test the important social psychological determinants of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity. Phase one of the study was qualitative in nature and adopted a grounded theory approach. A number of important themes emerged from the qualitative phase, including: definitions and meanings of physical activity; physical activity and choice, obligation, reasons for participation; enjoyment of physical activity; changing perceptions and influences on physical activity from childhood to adulthood; and priority of physical activity. The interrelations between these themes and their impact on regularity of participation were explored. These findings, along with theoretical propositions and evidence from previous studies, contributed to the development of a model of the social psychological determinants of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity. They also contributed to the development of items to measure important concepts in the model. Phase two was quantitative in nature and used structural equation modelling to test the model. The quantitative phase involved a sample of 250 people aged 19-87 years living in an Australian capital city. Self-report questionnaires measured regularity of participation in leisure-time physical activity (dependent variable), leisure-time physical activity behaviour regulation, intrinsic motivation towards leisure-time physical activity, enjoyment of leisure-time physical activity, and priority of leisure-time physical activity (independent and mediating variables). Each of the independent and mediating variables was multidimensional in nature, the components of which were assessed using confirmatory factor analysis in structural equation modelling prior to the testing of structural models. After some adjustment, the predictors were satisfactorily represented by their respective multifactor models, except intrinsic motivation, which was best represented by a single factor model. Following modification, the proposed model of the social psychological determinants of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity was found to be a good fit of the data. Relationships within the model indicated the importance of the priority of leisure-time physical activity factors in the prediction of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity. The influence of preference for leisure-time physical activity on regular participation in leisure-time physical activity was mediated by level of priority and making time for leisure-time physical activity. That is, people who preferred to participate in leisure-time physical activity over other types of leisure tended to make it a higher priority, and, in turn, tended to make time to participate. Making time was subsequently associated with increased regularity of participation in leisure-time physical activity. The enjoyment factors influenced regular participation in leisure-time physical activity through their influence on preference for leisure-time physical activity. Activity enjoyment had a positive influence on preference and enjoyment dependent on surroundings had a negative influence. However, in the overall model, the behaviour regulators and intrinsic motivation attenuated the influence of the enjoyment factors on preference for leisure-time physical activity. This suggested that people's underlying behaviour regulators and levels of intrinsic motivation have a similar influence on their preference for leisure-time physical activity as their feelings of enjoyment. However, behaviour regulators and intrinsic motivation appear to be more powerful influences of preference than enjoyment. Intrinsic motivation towards leisure-time physical activity positively influenced regular participation in leisure-time physical activity through its influence on preference for leisure-time physical activity. It also had a direct influence on regularity of participation. Thus, people who were more intrinsically motivated tended to participate more regularly in leisure-time physical activity partly because they formed preferences for physical activity over other types of leisure. Furthermore, the direct influence of intrinsic motivation on regular participation suggested that there were explanations, beyond that of preference and priority, for why those who were intrinsically motivated tended to participate more regularly in leisure-time physical activity. The behaviour regulators of external regulation (negative), introjected regulation (positive) and identified regulation (positive) influenced regularity of participation in leisure-time physical activity mostly through their influence on intrinsic motivation towards leisure-time physical activity. That is, when people felt their physical activity was externally regulated, they felt less intrinsically motivated to participate and this was subsequently associated with less regular participation. On the other hand, when people were regulated by introjection and identification, they tended to feel more intrinsically motivated and this was subsequently associated with more regular participation. External regulation and introjected regulation also had a direct negative influence on preference for leisure-time physical activity and perceptions of the availability of time, respectively. Thus, people who felt externally regulated tended to have less preference for leisure-time physical activity and those who were regulated through introjection were more likely to perceive that they did not have the time to participate. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by highlighting the importance of preferences and prioritisation on perceptions of time availability, and subsequently, regularity of participation in leisure-time physical activity. It also demonstrated that behaviour regulators and intrinsic motivation are important determinants of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity in a general community sample. These findings have theoretical and practical implications for researchers, leisure professionals, and policy makers. They also suggest a number of significant areas of further research.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
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Välitalo, Heli. "CARD-NOT-PRESENT FRAUD IN FINLAND: WHO PAYS? AN ORGANIZATIONAL ECONOMICS APPROACH". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24620.

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As popularity of online banking services has grown exceedingly among Finnishconsumers, it has become necessary for banks to provide their customers withsafety advice against the emerging threat of card-not-present fraud (CNP) in orderto protect them from monetary losses. However, it is unclear how effective thisadvice is and how well it is filling its purpose. This study aims to fill this gap andexamines the advice provided by Finnish banks in order to protect their customersfrom CNP-frauds by applying an economical approach to the criminological field.A multilayered approach including a literature review, a web page qualityassessment and a qualitative interview was used for this purpose. Contributing toexisting literature on the enabling and constraining influences within the financialindustry, this study increases the understanding of why Finnish banks’ arehomogenously tilting the balance towards their own private interests rather thanpublic good.

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Bosley, Tammy Lane. "“I Get by With a Little Help From my Online Friends”: An Examination of Social Support in Facebook Groups to Sustain Regular Exercise Through the Lens of Social Cognitive Theory". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1596544425566871.

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Hubbard, Sultan A. "Social Influences on racial identity, perceived social support, and mental health among Black college students". VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5758.

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The first goal for the study was to estimate trait effects and social influences for racial centrality, racial private regard, and racial public regard. The second was to estimate correlational relationships between racial identity, depression, and anxiety symptoms. The study used 110 Black university students (Mage=19.5,SD=4.13) from a southeastern American university. Restricted maximum likelihood estimation was conducted to estimate variance components for all constructs. Racial centrality, racial private regard, and racial public regard consisted of mostly trait effects, although reflecting substantial social influences. Correlational findings indicated that providers who evoked high racial centrality also evoked low depression, low anxiety, and were seen as supportive. Providers who evoked racial private regard also evoked low depression, low anxiety, and were seen as supportive. Socially influenced racial public regard had no statistically significant links to other constructs. Findings suggest socially influenced racial identity holds links to mental health outcomes and social support.

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Grim, Melissa L. "CONSTRUCT VALIDATION OF A PHYSICAL ACTIVITY INTERVENTION TO INCREASE SELF-REGULATION FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN ADOLESCENTS". The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1024858820.

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Ricard, Nathalie. "Effects of Social Exclusion and Inclusion on Basic Needs Satisfaction, Self-Determined Motivation, the Orientations of Interpersonal Relationships, and Behavioural Self-Regulation". Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20046.

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How does the satisfaction (or the lack of satisfaction) of the innate need to have meaningful interpersonal relationships affects behavioural self-regulation? How does having/lacking interpersonal relatedness impact one’s perception of future interpersonal relationships? This doctoral dissertation aimed to answer these two fundamental questions by integrating the views of two complementary theories, need to belong theory (NBT; Baumeister & Leary, 1995) and self-determination theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 1985, 2000). Using a series of two laboratory experiments and one longitudinal study, this thesis examined the effects of social exclusion and inclusion on satisfaction of basic psychological needs, self-determined motivation, and self-regulation of behaviours. In Study 1 (N=72), social exclusion and inclusion were manipulated in order to examine their effects on the satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs proposed by SDT, that is the needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Findings from this first experiment revealed that social exclusion decreases satisfaction of the three needs, whereas social inclusion increases satisfaction of these needs when compared to the control condition. Furthermore, significant differences were found between the exclusion condition and the inclusion condition for the reported levels of satisfaction of the needs for competence and relatedness. The effects of social exclusion and inclusion on basic needs satisfaction were further investigated in Study 2 (N=70); also, the second study examined how self-determined motivation and behavioural self-regulation are affected. More specifically, it tested whether participants’ persistence at a laboratory task, as well as their intentions for a future peer interaction (intentions to compete against a peer participant and intentions to collaborate with a peer participant) are influenced by social exclusion and inclusion, through the meditating effects of basic needs satisfaction and self-determined motivation. The results suggested that social exclusion, via the effects of basic needs and motivation decreases peer collaboration, whereas social inclusion was shown to have an opposite effect on peer collaboration. The effect of condition via the mediating effects of basic needs satisfaction and motivation failed to predict persistence at the task and peer competition. Lastly, Study 3 (N=624) assessed naturally occurring social exclusion and inclusion in a population of junior high school students. This third study investigated the independent contributions of SDT and NBT in the prediction of academic motivation and high school dropout. Peer relatedness, perceived needs support from parents, and perceived needs support from teachers were examined as potential predictors of academic motivation and high school dropout. Findings suggested that peer relatedness plays an important role in the prediction of academic motivation, but, that perceived needs support from parents and perceived needs support from teachers are stronger predictors of that outcome. Results from this study also revealed that peer relatedness contributes to the prediction of high school dropout, beyond what can be explained by academic motivation, perceived needs support from parents, and perceived needs support from teachers. However, perceived needs support from parents was shown to be the most essential predictor of high school dropout. In sum, findings from this doctoral dissertation suggested that social exclusion has detrimental effects on one’s motivation and behavioural self-regulation. In contrast, social inclusion fosters social support which promotes satisfaction of the basic psychological needs, self-determined motivation, and successful self-regulation. This doctoral thesis contributed to the application of SDT and NBT by comparing elements of the two complementary frameworks. It also offered an original contribution to research on social exclusion and inclusion by examining their impacts on self-determined motivation, and basic needs satisfaction, as well as testing them in both the laboratory setting and the natural setting.

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Meuser, Ashley R. "Changes in Social Cognitive Theory Constructs Influence Changes in Consumption of Fruits, Vegetables, Low-Fat Dairy Products, and High Fat/High Sodium Foods in Adolescents with Hypertension". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1282167496.

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Sobrevias, Ester Oliveras. "The new Spanish accounting regulatory framework : a case study of accounting regulation change in a European economy in transition". Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 1998. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/1876/.

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In this thesis the Spanish accounting regulatory framework is considered as a research case study. The main objective is to illustrate the issues faced by accounting systems in European economies in transition. Many Eastern European countries undergoing an economic transition have applied for European Union membership. The emergence of new accounting systems in these economies will be strongly influenced by the obligation to comply with European Union legislation and the Spanish case may offer some useful lessons. Spain, as a case study, illustrates a European country that has undergone an economic transition in the last twenty-five years. The Spanish accounting regulatory framework has successfully undergone several changes in order to comply with European legislation and fit into a global market economy. The research case study comprises five sub-units of study. Firstly, the activities of the Spanish government with regard to new accounting requirements as well as the changes experienced by the accounting standards-setting bodies exemplifies the important role of the government's response to European Union legislation. Secondly, the evolution of accounting and professional bodies represents a society responding to the issues arising from the changes occurring at a national legislative level. Thirdly, the unique interaction between the Spanish public and professional accounting bodies is an example of joint effort in times when rapid change is required and the amount of professional expertise may be limited. The fourth sub-unit of study explores the role of the Spanish academic community which emerges as a full participant during the accounting reforms. Its influence in the new accounting regulatory framework is strongly felt through the increase in academic publications and with direct participation in the accounting standards -setting process. Finally, the fifth sub-unit of study looks at the 'true and fair view' requirement which was adopted by the European Union's Fourth Directive in 1978 as the ultimate objective of financial reporting. The origins and history of 'true and fair view' have given rise to a considerable amount of academic debate on the issues stemming from its implementation by European national legislators. The Spanish decision to adopt this Directive in full shows the high degree of commitment to compliance with the European Union. The response of the Spanish government and the profession to a requirement alien to the Spanish accounting tradition and philosophy has been dramatic. It is concluded that the changes in the accounting regulatory framework have not only been successful, but Spain has also embraced the European Directives in its national legislation to a greater extent than other European countries. The Spanish experience may therefore becorne a model to be looked to by Eastern European countries with an interest in becoming European Union members.

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Brunetta, Fabiana. "Social Dominance Orientation and Emotion Regulation: A Parallel Multiple Mediator Model of Instigated Incivility Moderated By Workgroup Civility Climate". FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3907.

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While most of the existing research on the topic of workplace incivility has focused upon its consequences on employee and organizational well-being, researchers are recognizing the need for research on predictors, mediators, and moderators of uncivil workplace behavior. The current study contributes to this new wave of workplace incivility research by emphasizing the links among variables not previously explored in incivility research. This nonexperimental correlational study (N = 1027) developed and tested a parallel multiple mediator model of instigated incivility. The model examined the mediation of the emotion regulation strategies – cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression – on the relation of two types of social dominance orientation – intergroup dominance (SDO-D) and intergroup antiegalitarianism (SDO-E) – on the outcome of instigated incivility, and tested the moderating effects of workgroup civility climate on the paths of the proposed model. An Internet-based self-report survey battery was administered to a sample drawn from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk worker population. Hypotheses were tested though structural equation modeling analytic procedures. Findings suggest that intergroup dominance (SDO-D) increases instigated incivility and the relationship is not moderated by workgroup civility climate norms. In contrast, intergroup antiegalitarianism (SDO-E) decreases instigated incivility. Further, this study found that SDO-D had an indirect effect on instigated incivility through the emotion regulation strategy of expressive suppression. Additional findings suggest that the emotion regulation strategy of cognitive reappraisal has the potential to reduce uncivil workplace behavior. Future research was proposed to test the model examined in this study in different cultural settings, with additional mediators and moderators, and longitudinally. The practical findings suggest that HRD practitioners may find emotion regulation and civility trainings useful to reduce the likelihood of uncivil workplace behavior.

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Runell, Charlotta, i Anna Ahlberg. "The New Regulation on Labour Immigration : A Qualitative Research Exploring Perceptions of Asylym Seekers and Irregular Migrants on a Socio - Political Level in Sweden". Thesis, Mid Sweden University, Mid Sweden University, Mid Sweden University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-8254.

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This is a qualitative research study utilising a theoretical framework of democracy theory, human rights and theories on migration and irregular migrants. The purpose of this research is to explore how the new Swedish Regulation on Labour Immigration, in relation to the harmonization of migration policy within the European Union, represents and effects the perception of asylum seekers and irregular migrants on a socio-political level in Sweden. Through four semi-structured interviews this study seeks to explore the following areas: the reasons behind the compromise concerning asylum seekers in the Regulation; the exclusion of irregular migrants in the Regulation; and the correlation between the Regulation and the harmonising of migration policy within the EU. The theoretical framework, together with the statements by informants and the grounding information concerning human rights and the migration policy within the EU, constitutes the analysis. The analysis shows that the perceptions of asylum seekers and irregular immigrants as an undesirable solution to demographical challenges represent a relativistic approach to human rights. By legitimating this perception those concerned become even more vulnerable and at a higher risk of exploitation. The correlation between the contemporary democratic welfare state, international human rights law and the Regulation, together with increasing and irreversible migration flows, visualises an incompatible and diffuse organisation, which have to transform into cosmopolitan democracy and global solidarity if to survive.

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Madrigal, Calderón Johanna. "L’intervention sociale systémique : un modèle à partir de la théorie des systèmes sociaux : observation du Programme Puente au Chili". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG011.

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Ce travail vise à la construction d'un modèle d'intervention sociale qui prend comme base conceptuelle des éléments de la théorie des systèmes sociaux développée par Niklas Luhmann. La prédominance d'une différenciation sociale fonctionnelle, caractéristique d'une société moderne, suppose un monde hétérarchique et acentrique qui oblige à abandonner les principes structurels hiérarchiques des sociétés précédentes. À cet égard, l'intervention sociale ne peut être conçue que si elle s'éloigne du modèle hiérarchique associé au contrôle social, pour ainsi aller vers des stratégies de coordination qui conduisent les systèmes vers une autorégulation. Dans ce contexte, nous proposons une intervention sociale systémique caractérisée par sa contextualité et sa réflexivité, mais aussi par son improbabilité et optionnalité, compte tenu de la clôture opérationnelle qui caractérise les systèmes sociaux. Dans ce sens, l'intervention sociale est présentée comme une offre communicationnelle qui, pour avoir lieu, doit d'abord irriter l'autoréférence des systèmes vers lesquels elle dirige sa stratégie pour ainsi être sélectionnée par ces systèmes. Ainsi, elle permettra d'établir des relations intersystémiques, fondées sur l'hétérarchie, au moyen des couplages structurels. À partir de ces caractéristiques, le cycle de l'intervention se constitue comme un processus réflexif caractérisé par sa récursivité. Il comporte les phases de l'intervention où les systèmes participants convergent dans la définition de la stratégie. Ce travail propose finalement d'observer un programme social chilien, le programme Puente [Pont], afin d'observer s'il est possible d'y identifier des éléments d'une intervention sociale systémique
The present research aims to the construction of a social intervention model considering, as a conceptual background, a number of elements from the theory of social systems developed by Niklas Luhmann. The predominance of a functional social differentiation, typical of modern societies, supposes an acentric and heterarchical world that compels to abandon the hierarchical structural principles of the former societies. To this regard, social intervention can only be conceived if it keeps away from the hierarchical model associated with social control, in order to favor coordination strategies that lead systems toward self-regulation. Consequently, we propose a systemic social intervention characterized by its context and reflexivity, and also by its improbability and optionality, in view of the operational closure that characterizes social systems. To this end, social intervention is presented as a communicational offer which, in order to occur, must at first irritate the autoreference of the systems to which it aims its strategy, in order to thus be selected by those systems. This will allow establishing intersystem relationships through structural couplings based on heterarchy. Stemming from these characteristics, the cycle of intervention is constituted as a reflexive process marked by its recursivity. It includes the intervention stages where the participating systems converge in the definition of its strategy. Finally, this research proposes to observe a Chilean social program, in order to examine if some elements of a systemic social intervention can be identified

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Hammarlund, Therese. "Varför individer väljer att påbörja studier på högre nivå : En kvantitativ studie av inre och yttre motivationsfaktorer". Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-69227.

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Motivation beskrivs som ett tillstånd som förklarar vilken benägenhet individen har att handla i en specifik situation. För att en individ ska ta ett beslut att studera på universitet eller högskola krävs det att denne är motiverad att göra detta. Motivation kan delas in i typerna, inre och yttre motivation. En ytterligare indelning kan göras i sex motivationsfaktorer; to know, toward accomplishment, to experience stimulation samt identified, introjected och external regulation. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka vilka motivationsfaktorer som påverkar en individs val att studera på universitetet, och om motivationsfaktorerna i sin tur påverkar prestationen. Även eventuella skillnader mellan könen och mellan filosofisk och teknisk fakultet undersöktes. Data samlades in via en webbenkät, baserad på Academic Motivation Scale (Vallerand et al., 1992), där deltagarna fick skatta till vilken grad de ansåg sig ha motiverats av respektive påstående, i sitt val att studera. Resultatet visade att yttre motivationsfaktorer hade störst påverkan på valet att studera, där introjected regulation var den mest betydande motivationsfaktorn. För motivationsfaktorer och prestation noterades inget samband, förutom för faktorn to know. Ingen interaktion noterades mellan motivation och biologiskt kön eller fakultet. Kvinnor var dock mer motiverade än männen.
Motivation is described as a state that explains the propensity of the individual to act in a specific situation. In order for an individual to make a decision to study at university, he or she must be motivated to do so. Motivation can be divided into two types, internal and external motivation. An additional division can be made into six motivational factors; to know, towards achievement, to experience stimulation, identified, introjected and external regulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate wich motivational factors that influence an individual's choice to study at the university, and if this in turn affects performance. Possible differences between the sexes and between the Faculty of Philosophy and Engineering were also investigated. Data was collected via a web-based survey based on the Academic Motivation Scale (Vallerand et al.,1992), where the participants were asked to estimate to what extent they considered themselves motivated by each claim, in their choice to study. The result showed that external motivational factors had the greatest impact on the decision to study, where introjected regulation was the most significant motivational factor. For motivational factors and performance no relation was noted, except for the factor to know. No interaction was noted between motivation and biological gender or the faculties. However, women were more motivated than men.

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Quinlan, Stephen V. "Toward a general theory of social regulation : determinants of state behavior in the implementation of title III of the resource conservation and recovery act (RCRA) /". The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487846885777262.

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Tones, Megan Jane. "Patterns of engagement in workplace learning amongst employees from social sectors". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/31248/1/Megan_Tones_Thesis.pdf.

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Continuous learning and development has become increasingly important in the information age. However, employees with limited formal education in lower status occupations may be disadvantaged in their opportunities for development, as their jobs tend to require more limited knowledge and skills. In mature age, such workers may be subject to cumulative disadvantage with respect to work related learning and development, as well as negative stereotyping. This thesis concerns work related learning and development from a lifespan development psychology perspective. Development across the lifespan is grounded in biocultural co-constructivism. That is, the reciprocal influences of the individual and environment produce change in the individual. Existing theories and models of adaptive development attempt to explain how developmental resources are allocated across the lifespan. These included the Meta- theory of Selective Optimisation with Compensation, Dual Process Model of Self Regulation, and Developmental Regulation via Optimisation and Primary and Secondary Control. These models were integrated to create the Model of Adaptive Development for Work Related Learning. The Learning and Development Survey (LDS) was constructed to measure the hypothesised processes of adaptive development for work related learning, which were individual goal selection, individual goal engagement, individual goal disengagement, organisational opportunities (selection and engagement), and organisational constraints. Data collection was undertaken in two phases: the pilot study and the main study. The objective of the pilot study was to test the LDS on a target population of 112 employees from a local government organisation. Exploratory factor analysis reduced the pilot version of the survey to 38 items encompassing eight constructs which covered the processes of the model of adaptive development for work related learning. In the main study, the Revised Learning and Development Survey (R-LDS) was administered to another group of 137 employees from the local government organisation, as well as 110 employees from a private healthcare organisation. The purpose of the main study was to validate the R-LDS on two different groups to provide evidence of stability, and compare survey scores according to age and occupational status to determine construct validity. Findings from the main study indicated that only four constructs of the R-LDS were stable, which were organisational opportunities – selection, individual goal engagement, organisational constraints – disengagement and organisational opportunities – engagement. In addition, MANOVA studies revealed that the demographic variables affected organisational opportunities and constraints in the workplace, although individual goal engagement was not influenced by age. The findings from the pilot and main study partially supported the model of adaptive development for work related learning. Given that only four factors displayed adequate reliability in terms of internal consistency and stability, the findings suggest that individual goal selection and individual goal disengagement are less relevant to work related learning and development. Some recent research which emerged during the course of the current study has suggested that individual goal selection and individual goal disengagement are more relevant when goal achievement is impeded by biological constraints such as ageing. However, correlations between the retained factors support the model of adaptive development for work related learning, and represent the role of biocultural co-constructivism in development. Individual goal engagement was positively correlated with both opportunity factors (selection and engagement), while organisational constraints – disengagement was negatively correlated with organisational opportunities – selection. Demographic findings indicated that higher occupational status was associated with more opportunities for development. Age was associated with fewer opportunities or greater constraints for development, especially for lower status workers.

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Webster, Britney Alissa. "Adult Romantic Couples' Use of Interpersonal Emotion Regulation in Everyday Contexts". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1563967808727087.

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Tokunaga, Robert Shota. "Engagement with Novel Internet Technologies: The Role of Perceived Novelty in the Development of the Deficient Self-Regulation of Internet use and Media Habits". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/238658.

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This dissertation attempts to expand our understanding of the deficient self-regulation (DSR) of Internet use and media habit development. Drawing from a social cognitive perspective, DSR is described as lapses in effective self-control that are self-corrected over time. A shortcoming in this area of research is that factors relevant to the technology that may encourage the development of DSR or media habits are rarely, if ever, discussed. A large focus of existing research is instead narrowly placed on individual factors that motivate DSR and media habits. An extension is proposed to theory on DSR in this dissertation by examining the role played by novelty perceptions of technology. In the initial stages of technology use, when perceptions of novelty generally grow, perceived novelty is hypothesized to elicit a state of flow, which in turn diminishes the subfunctions of self-regulation and provokes DSR. The relationship between perceived novelty and flow is moderated by psychosocial problems, boredom proneness, and self-reactive outcome expectation. As perceived novelty of a technology decreases, it is presumed that self-control is restored given that flow no longer inhibits self-regulation. However, DSR and media habits are hypothesized to persist in later technology use if individuals experience psychosocial problems, boredom proneness, or high self-reactive outcome expectations. The manifestation of DSR in later stages of technology use increases the likelihood of forming media habits. The influence of novelty perceptions was evaluated on flow, DSR, and media habits at initial and later stages of technology use. The pretest demonstrated that a novelty frame successfully manipulated novelty perceptions of Second Life, the technology used in this experiment, in anticipated directions. In the main study, perceived novelty resulted in flow, which in turn predicted growth of DSR during initial stages of Second Life use. In the familiar stages of use, DSR led to the development of media habits over time; however, the relationship between novelty perceptions and DSR was not moderated by psychosocial problems, boredom proneness, or self-reactive outcome expectation. The findings of this investigation are discussed aside their implications for research, theory, and practice.

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Heilman, Mark A. "Relationship Between Autonomous Motivation and Ego-Depletion". ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2213.

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Previous research has shown that exerting self-control on a demanding task can impair performance on a subsequent demanding self-control task. This phenomenon is known as ego-depletion; however, its underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Notable gaps in the literature exist regarding whether participants’ motivation levels can attenuate the depletion effect, and whether trait self-control is related. Drawing from the process model of depletion and the self-determination theory, the goal of the study was to examine whether motivational incentives in the form of autonomy can impact performance on tasks in an ego-depleted state, and the potential relationship of trait self-control. Amazon Mechanical Turk was utilized to conduct this experimental quantitative study with a 2 (ego-depletion: yes or no) x 2 (autonomous reward motivation: incentivized or nonincentivized) between-subjects factorial design. The effects of an autonomous motivational incentive were compared with the effects of no incentive on a convenience sample of online participants (N = 211), half of whom performed a task designed to be depleting of self-control resources, and half of whom performed a non-depleting task instead. Multivariate ANCOVAs showed no significant differences for performance on a subsequent self-control task for any of the experimental groups, and no co-variance of trait self-control was found (as measured by the Brief Self-Control Scale). This study will contribute to social change by increasing understanding of the factors contributing to self-control. This knowledge will be useful to anyone intending to strengthen their own willpower and achieve their goals, and may enable practitioners to better assist clients struggling with addictions and other maladaptive behaviors.

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Mira, Cristina Isabel Barradas. "Comportamentos de jogo e competências sócio-emocionais na criança com deficiência auditiva". Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/22980.

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Objetivo: Descrever e comparar os comportamentos de jogo e as competências sócio-emocionais de crianças com deficiência auditiva e crianças com desenvolvimento típico. Método: Participaram no estudo 12 crianças em idade pré-escolar, 6 com deficiência auditiva e 6 com desenvolvimento típico. Os comportamentos de jogo em recreio foram acedidos através do sistema de observação de Lindsey e Colwell (2013) adaptado, equacionando-se o tipo de jogo prevalente. As competências sociais, agressividade e ansiedade das crianças em estudo foram avaliadas através do Social Competence and Behavior Evaluation Scale (SCBE) e a Teoria da Mente foi avaliada através de três provas: a prova de Desire Task, e duas provas de False Belief Task. Resultados: Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas no período despendido a brincar durante o recreio, ambos os grupos (ouvintes vs. não ouvintes) apresentaram uma clara preferência em brincar com pares com o mesmo estatuto auditivo, p<0.05. Foram apenas verificadas diferenças significativas face ao tipo de jogo de faz de conta, sendo mais prevalente no grupo de crianças ouvintes, p<0.05. Relativamente às variáveis Teoria da Mente, Agressividade e Ansiedade, não foram verificadas diferenças significativas entre grupos. As crianças ouvintes revelaram valores superiores ao nível das competências sociais, p=0,008 Conclusões: Com este estudo concluiu-se que há uma comum preferência das crianças pela interação com pares com o mesmo estatuto auditivo, existindo apenas diferenças significativas entre grupos quanto ao jogo faz de conta, sendo mais frequente no grupo de controlo. Concluiu-se também que as crianças ouvintes são socialmente mais competentes que as crianças com DA e ambos os grupos apresentam dificuldades na Teoria da Mente; Play Behaviours and Social-Emotional Competence in Deaf or Hard of Hearing Children Abstract: Objective: Description and comparison of the play skills and socioemotional competences between deaf children and typical development children. Methods: 12 children in school-age participated, 6 in each group. The assessment used to measure play skills on the children playground was an observational system adapted by Lindsey and Colwell (2013), categorized by the different types of play. Social skills, aggressive and anxiety behaviours were assessed by Social Competence and Behavior Evaluation Scale (SCBE) and Mind Theory was evaluated by three different tasks: a Desire Task, and two False Belief Tasks. Results: Results do not show significant differences during playground time, both groups demonstrate preference for playing with same hearing status peers. Only in the “Make-Believe” game was found a significant difference, predominantly in hearing kids. As for Mind Theory, aggressiveness and anxiety categories there were no significant differences. In its turn, hearing children revealed to be more socially capable than deaf children. Conclusions: It was concluded with this study that there is a preference for the interaction with peers of the same hearing status, with significant differences only found in the “Make-Believe” game, more frequently in the control group. It was also concluded that hearing children are more socially capable than deaf children and that both groups present difficulties in Theory of Mind.

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Hughes, Lyndsay Dawn. "Psychological adjustment to the onset of rheumatoid arthritis : a longitudinal evaluation of perceptions of, and adherence to, medication". Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/7890.

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive autoimmune disease causing inflammation of the synovium resulting in severe pain, joint disfigurement and disability as well as malaise, fatigue and a depressed immune system. Treatment consists of three broad phases; firstly, following diagnosis treatment is focussed on rapid reduction of pain and inflammation. Secondly, maintenance of quiescence is sought through medication. Finally, if disease activity remains high despite medication, escalation to anti-TNF α therapy is required to prevent permanent joint damage and disability. The primary course of treatment is prescription of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) within 3 months of onset of symptoms. However, DMARDs can take 8-12 weeks to exhibit a noticeable benefit whereas unpleasant side effects can occur shortly after initiation. Also, DMARDs do not alleviate pain; therefore it is difficult for patients to attribute recovery to this medication. For these reasons, although it is imperative for future health and functioning to take DMARDs as prescribed, non-adherence is common at 30-50%. Non-adherence to treatment can be intentional, where a decision is made not to conform to the prescription, or unintentional which is often due to forgetting. To measure intentional non-adherence, a validated measure of adherence for rheumatoid arthritis was reduced through exploratory factor analysis from 19 items to 5 items by removing items that did not add to the explained variance of adherence. The CQR5 explained 53% of the variance in adherence and was shown to have a good fit to the data through confirmatory factor analysis. A discriminant function equation was generated that correctly identifies 88.5% of patients as high or low adherers and has high clinical utility due to the brevity for patients and unidimensionality for easy interpretation. The CQR5 was used throughout the programme of research to measure intentional non-adherence along with a separate measure of unintentional non-adherence. Four commonly used social cognition models of illness were measured in 227 RA patients to determine which had the best utility for predicting non-adherence to DMARDs. Patients were recruited to represent the three stages of illness including newly diagnosed, established on DMARD therapy and established with concurrent anti-TNF α therapy. Logistic regression analysis showed that the Self Regulatory Model best predicted intentional non-adherence as patients with perceptions of worse consequences of RA and longer disease duration were more likely to be highly adherent to DMARDs in cross-sectional analysis. In contrast, the Theory of Planned Behaviour better predicted patients who self-reported forgetting their DMARDs with patients with more confidence in being able to take their medications (Perceived Behavioural Control) being less likely to forget. 171 patients were successfully followed-up six months after baseline recruitment. The longitudinal results showed that the social cognition models differed for patients at different stages of the illness suggesting that their experience of living with rheumatoid arthritis influenced perceptions of their illness and medications. Newly diagnosed patients scored lower on factors measuring perceptions of disease chronicity and seriousness whereas patients that had escalated to anti-TNF α therapy scored higher on these factors. The newly diagnosed patients also showed more variability in the social cognition scores whereas the more established patients demonstrated stable models of illness. This supports Leventhal’s (1992) theory that illness representations will be regulated through integration of knowledge and experience of an illness. Structural equation modelling was used to establish the best predictors of intentional non-adherence at six month follow-up. In support of research in other chronic illnesses (Horne & Weinman, 2002; Niklas, Dunbar & Wild, 2010), the effect of perceptions of the consequences and chronicity of the illness on adherence are mediated by perceptions of the necessity of the medication. In addition, the impact of the emotional reaction to the illness on adherence to DMARDs is mediated by concerns about the medication. In addition, this study incorporated factors from the Theory of Planned Behaviour to explain medication adherence and found that the influence of friends and family impacts on the patient’s confidence to follow the prescription accurately which in turn as an effect on adherence to DMARDs. This large longitudinal study found that by combining factors from a number of social cognition models, it is possible to explain and predict intentional non-adherence and provides some evidence for best ways to intervene to improve adherence and prognosis. To provide a more comprehensive and clinically useful picture of non-adherence, a Cost of Illness study was carried which found that patients self-reporting low adherence to DMARDs also had significantly higher costs for this medication. This was caused by an increased incidence of Leflunamide prescribing for patients who often forget their medication and was maintained longitudinally. This association has not been previously reported in the literature and provides some evidence that non-adherence to DMARDs is having a concrete effect on the clinical management of patients. Finally, an SMS text message based reminder service designed to remind patients who self-report forgetting their medications was tested through a simulation study for the cost and likely benefit in health related quality of life using the health economic analysis of the longitudinal study and the results of a survey establishing the feasibility of implementing such a service in the rheumatology clinic. A sensitivity analysis testing the number of messages sent and the cost per message found that a reminder service for the sample of patients in this programme of research would cost between £1387.00 and £142.27 per year. This would equate to a cost per Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY) gain of between £2889.58 and £296.40 by enabling patients to adhere more rigorously to their DMARD regimen. This programme of research is the first to test four commonly used social cognition models to predict adherence to DMARDs in a large, multi-centre longitudinal study of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Perceptions of the likely duration and consequences of the illness, as measured by the Illness Perceptions Questionnaire and the necessity of medications (measured by the Beliefs about Medications Questionnaire) along with self-efficacy (measured by the Theory of Planned Behaviour) explained 24% of the variance in intentional adherence over six months. The results show the importance of considering intentional and unintentional non-adherence separately as they appear to have different underlying mechanisms as well as patients in different phases of the illness as their experience influences their social cognition models of illness. A simple SMS based reminder service could act as a cue to action to reduce unintentional non-adherence whereas addressing issues surrounding maladaptive perceptions about the illness and the treatment could improve intentional non-adherence which has the potential to improve the prognosis and quality of life for patients as well as safe costs for the NHS.

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Celati, Benedetta. "La contribution juridique à l’alternative des communs dans une approche macro-institutionnelle". Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC0095.

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Le présent projet de thèse, élaboré dans le cadre d’une cotutelle entre l’Université de Pise et l’Université Paris Est Marne la Vallée, vise à étudier l'impact du financement de l’Economie Sociale et Solidaire (ESS), interprétée comme modèle socio -économique ancré dans le paradigme du "commun", par rapport à sa capacité de transformation sociale, en France et en Italie. La recherche s’appuiera sur le cadre théorique de l'approche institutionnaliste en économie et se focalisera sur l'importance de l'élaboration juridique pour l'affiramtion de la diversité des systèmes et des institutions économiques. En tant que doctorant de sciences juridiques de l’Université de Pise en cotutelle avec l’Université de Paris Est dans le domaine des sciences économiques, je propose de compléter la recherche juridique classique, entendue comme l'analyse critique du droit positif, par des recherches relevant d’autres disciplines. Les hypothèses seront verifiées par des études de terrain en France et en Italie
The thesis, developed within the framework of an international co-direction agreement between the University of Paris Est Marne-La-Vallée, in France, and the University of Pise, in Italy, aims to explore the impact of instruments for financing Social and Solidarity Economy (ESS), understood as a social and econonomic model anchored in the paradigm of the "commons", in relation to her capacity for social transformation, in France and in Italy. The study will be based on the approch of Institutional economics and will focus on the importance of the legal development for the affirmation of the diversity of the economic systems and institutions. As a doctoral candidate in law at the University of Pise in co-direction with the University of Paris Est in the field of economics, I propose to improve the legal research with further researches in other disciplines. The hypothesis will be tested by field studies in France and in Italy

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Gimat, Matthieu. "Produire le logement social : hausse de la construction, changements institutionnels et mutations de l'intervention publique en faveur des HLM (2004-2014)". Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H076.

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Depuis le début des années 2000, le coût des terrains nécessaires à la production de logements locatifs sociaux neufs a augmenté, au même titre que le coût de leur construction. Dans le même temps, l’État a considérablement réduit les subventions directes qu’il accorde à chaque opération HLM. Malgré cela, le nombre de logements locatifs sociaux livrés chaque année a connu une hausse importante et durable. Alors que 46 000 logements HLM ont été produits en 2000, plus de 100 000 le sont systématiquement à partir de 2006.La thèse explore cet apparent paradoxe, en analysant les évolutions de l’organisation institutionnelle du système de production HLM. Pour ce faire, elle s’appuie sur le traitement de données statistiques ainsi que sur une enquête réalisée auprès d’acteurs locaux de l’habitat au sein des communautés d’agglomération du Val-de-Bièvre, du Boulonnais et de la communauté urbaine de Bordeaux. Un outillage théorique spécifique est proposé, qui croise les apports de la théorie de la régulation et de recherches sur les acteurs de la production urbaine. Cela permet de montrer qu’un ensemble de décisions politiques, d’ajustements locaux et de dispositifs de coordination ont été articulés de façon originale au cours de la décennie. Ils visent notamment à faire que les organismes HLM mobilisent leurs réserves financières dans la production neuve, à distribuer inégalement dans l’espace le surplus de logements produits et à réorganiser les modalités d’accès à la ressource foncière. Le système mis en place est cependant dépendant des opérateurs à but lucratif ainsi que des évolutions des marchés immobiliers ; il participe de plus à redéfinir les bénéficiaires de l’intervention publique en France
Since the early 2000s, social housing production in France has become increasingly more expensive: both land prices and construction costs have increased. At the same time, the State has considerably reduced the direct subsidies granted to each new development. However, the number of new social dwellings has increased significantly and lastingly. While 46,000 dwellings were produced in 2000, more than 100,000 have been produced each year since 2006. This thesis explores this apparent paradox by analyzing the evolution of the institutional organization of the French social housing production system. To do so, it relies on the processing of statistical data as well as on a survey carried out among local housing decision makers in the urban areas of Bordeaux and Boulogne-sur-Mer, and in the Val-de-Bièvre, a gathering of municipalities located south of Paris. An original theoretical framework is used, which combines regulation theory with the results of research focusing on the actors of urban production. This allows for the underlining of the fact that a set of political decisions, local adjustments and coordination mechanisms were articulated in a novel way throughout the decade. In particular, those seek to ensure that social housing organizations use their financial reserves for the production of new dwellings, that new social dwellings are unevenly distributed in space, and that access to land for social housing is reorganized. However, this system appears to depend on real estate markets and for-profit operators; it also participates in redefining the beneficiaries of public intervention in France

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Asebedo, Sarah D. "Three essays on financial self-efficacy beliefs and the saving behavior of older pre-retirees". Diss., Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32734.

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Doctor of Philosophy
School of Family Studies and Human Services
Kristy L. Pederson-Archuleta
Martin Seay
This dissertation employed a psychological framework to investigate the saving behavior of older pre-retirees through three essays using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Understanding the connection between psychological characteristics and saving behavior is critical as this population attempts to bridge the retirement saving gap. Of these characteristics, financial self-efficacy beliefs (FSE) are theoretically vital to saving behavior. With the FSE beliefs of older adults weak and vulnerable to decline, more research is needed to understand how FSE beliefs affect saving behavior and how FSE beliefs can be supported. Essay one investigated the psychological characteristics associated with FSE beliefs according to the Meta-Theoretic Model of Motivation and Personality (3M). Using a sample of 2,070 pre-retirees aged 50 to 70, essay one revealed that FSE beliefs can be supported through the frequent experience of positive affect, reduced negative affect, a stronger perception of mastery, and a higher task orientation, holding all else constant. Essay two investigated the relationship between FSE beliefs and saving behavior (i.e., change in net worth from 2008 to 2012) through the Social Cognitive Theory of Self-Regulation. Using a sample of 844 pre-retirees aged 50 to 70, results revealed that FSE beliefs are significantly and positively related to saving behavior, after controlling for the financial ability and motivation to save. Essay three employed a structural equation model to investigate an integrated psychological approach to saving behavior based upon the 3M. Using a sample of 1,370 pre-retired and partially retired adults aged 50 to 70, essay three revealed that FSE beliefs facilitated the connection between elemental traits (i.e., openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism), compound traits (i.e., positive affect, negative affect, mastery, and task orientation), and saving behavior. Overall, significant evidence was generated supporting a psychological approach to the saving behavior of older pre-retirees. Financial and mental health professionals can utilize this framework to provide holistic retirement saving advice that acknowledges the psychological roots of behavior. Moreover, results established empirical support for the role FSE beliefs play in executing saving behavior. Lastly, results supported the importance of domain specific measurement for self-efficacy beliefs in future research.

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Camelo, Bradson Tiberio Luna. "A regulação do setor elétrico brasileiro como ferramenta de fomento para o desenvolvimento energético sustentável". Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8332.

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The modern way of life requires a continuous increase in energy use, to the sphere of production or to the consumption, but it has a great impact on the environment due to pollution generated by energy production. Thus, the regulation of the energy sector should consider one trilemma involving low costs, energy security (continuity and independence) and environmental preservation. In this line, this study aims to determine the level of regulatory importance of the principle of environmental protection established in the constitutional chapter of economic order, through the Program of Incentives for Alternative Electricity Energy Sources (PROINFA), for this it was studied most theories of regulation and the economics tools used in the international arena to stimulate alternative energy sources. To facilitate a strategic analysis, game theory has been used to integrate international and domestic relations in regulating the electricity sector. Thus, it was concluded that the Brazilian regulatory model does not prioritize environmental preservation, but it is a good choice to solve the games of energy, stimulating a sustainable energy matrix.
O padrão de vida da sociedade moderna exige um contínuo aumento do uso de energia, seja para a esfera da produção ou do consumo, tendo um grande impacto no meio ambiente devido à poluição gerada pela produção energética. Desta forma, a regulação do setor energético deve ponderar um trilema que envolve o baixo custo da energia, a segurança energética (continuidade e independência) e preservação ambiental. Nesta linha, o presente estudo objetiva averiguar o nível de importância regulatória do princípio da preservação ambiental disposto no capítulo constitucional da ordem econômica, através do Programa de Incentivo às Fontes Alternativas de Energia Elétrica (PROINFA), para isto, foram abordadas as teorias da regulação e as ferramentas econômicas utilizadas no cenário internacional para estimular fontes alternativas de energia. Para facilitar a análise estratégica, foi utilizada a teoria dos jogos para integrar as relações internacionais e do mercado interno na regulação do setor elétrico. Desta forma, concluiu-se que o modelo regulatório brasileiro não prioriza a preservação ambiental, mas é uma boa escolha para resolver os jogos de energia, estimulando uma matriz energética sustentável.

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Al, Abassi Baraa, i Sara Aladellie. "Opportunities and challenges with the GDPR implementation : A study of how the GDPR has affected business processes in Sweden". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-417576.

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The General Data Protection Regulation is a relatively new law that is applied to all companies within the member states of the European Union. The law is established to protect individual’s personal rights and privacy from being misused. The purpose of this qualitative study is to investigate how businesses based in Sweden have complied with their internal and external processes in alignment with the GDPR. The gap that was found was that limited research has been made regarding how businesses have complied in alignment with the law after the implementation. To investigate this problem area, semi-instructed interviews were conducted with five large companies in Sweden. The results that were found was that the General Data Protection Regulation has contributed to different challenges for businesses as well as opportunities. Nevertheless, a major finding from the empirical presentation together with previous research was that the businesses need to standardise their processes to align with the standards of the General Data Protection Regulation.

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Baptista, Rosanita Ferreira e. "Coleções de material humano para uso em pesquisa: controvérsias e redes na construção da regulamentação de biobancos e biorrepositórios no Brasil". Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, 2013. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/18825.

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As biociências, ao tomarem o corpo humano como objeto de escrutínio e experimentação, mobilizam questões e atores que não são apenas científicos e técnicos, mas também políticos, legais e éticos. A imbricação dessas esferas parece tornar problemáticas as perspectivas que se fundamentam em dualidades, como natureza x cultura, fato x valor. Esse é o caso dos biorrepositórios e biobancos com finalidades de pesquisa, cujas práticas de manusear e colecionar material biológico humano e informações associadas para uso em pesquisas, ao tempo em que gera expectativas para o desenvolvimento da saúde e da medicina, também trazem incertezas e controvérsias sobre a natureza e destino das coleções, bem como sobre as consequências dos experimentos. É um contexto em que as práticas científicas engendram entidades que não se enquadram confortavelmente nas ontologias modernas e, mais especificamente, tornam ambíguas as fronteiras do “humano”, demandando novas regulamentações e ordenações. Assim, sob o referencial da Teoria Ator-Rede, esta tese propõe explorar as controvérsias que tomaram forma nos eventos de construção da regulamentação dos biobancos e biorrepositórios no Brasil, no período de 2009 a 2011, sob condução do Ministério da Saúde (MS) e do Conselho Nacional de Saúde (CNS) e que resultaram na publicação das Diretrizes para Análise Ética de Projetos de Pesquisas que Envolvam Armazenamento de Material Biológico Humano ou Uso de Material Armazenado em Pesquisas (Resolução CNS Nº 441/11) e nas Diretrizes Nacionais para Biorrepositórios e Biobancos com Finalidade de Pesquisa (Portaria do MS nº 2.201/ 11). Dois objetivos principais norteiam a investigação: mapear as controvérsias que envolvem a temática do armazenamento e uso de informações e material biológico humano em pesquisa e apreender a tessitura híbrida que conformaram normas e padrões para estas práticas tecnocientíficas. By adopting the human body as an object of scrutiny and experimentation, the biosciences has mobilized issues and actors who are not only scientific and technical, but also political, legal and ethical. The overlapping of these spheres seems to interfere with prospects that are based on dualities, such as nature vs. culture, fact vs. value. This is the case with regards to biobanks and biorepositories that are intended for research, where the practices of collecting and handling human biological material and associated information for use in research. This also creates expectations for the development of health and medicine, they too bring uncertainties and controversies about the nature and destination of the collections, as well as on the consequences of the experiments. It is a context in which scientific practices create entities that do not fit comfortably in modern ontologies, and more specifically, they make unclear the boundaries of the "human", demanding new regulations and ordinances. Therefore, under the Actor- Network Theory framework, this thesis intends to explore the controversies that took shape in the conception event of the regulation of biobanks and biorrepositórios in Brazil, in the 2009-2011 period, under the guidance of the Ministry of Health (MOH) and the National Health Council (CNS), which resulted in the publication of the Guidelines for ethical analyzing of research projects that involve material storage or utilization of stored materials in prior researches (Ordinance No. 2201) and the Brazilian Resolution on the storage and use of human biological material in research projects (Resolution 441/11). There are two main objectives guiding the research: to map the controversies surrounding the issue of storage and use of information and human biological material in research and to learn the hybrid composition that followed norms and patterns for these techno-scientific practices.

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Santos, Ana Paula Loures dos. "A fala privada no processo de ensino-aprendizagem da língua inglesa para crianças entre quatro e cinco anos em uma escola internacional". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8147/tde-24112016-125246/.

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A fala privada, de acordo com Wertsch (1980), é definida como um diálogo que o indivíduo promove consigo mesmo e sua função recai na necessidade da autorregulação, autodirecionamento e autorreflexão. Os estudos sobre fala privada de crianças e adultos foram pesquisados por McCafferty (1994), Berk & Spuhl (1995), Fernyhough & Russell (1997), Krafft & Berk (1998), Winsler, Carlton, Barry (2000), Manfra & Winsler (2006), Smith (2007), Day & Smith (2013), entre outros. Entretanto, o estudo da fala privada não foi investigado pelas pesquisas de Língua Estrangeira para Crianças (LEC) no Brasil. Dessa forma, essa pesquisa de mestrado se insere na lacuna existente na falta de estudos sobre a fala privada como uma importante ferramenta cognitiva no processo de ensino-aprendizagem da Língua Inglesa (LI). Nos estudos do LEC e de ensino-aprendizagem de língua estrangeira em geral, a língua é considerada somente uma fonte de comunicação. O propósito desse estudo foi verificar como a fala privada ocorre, quais suas funções e frequência. Para tanto, nove crianças entre quatro e cinco anos de diferentes nacionalidades e línguas maternas em uma escola internacional foram gravadas durante as atividades de Circle Time e Phonics. De acordo com os dados coletados, na análise quantitativa, cada fala foi classificada em fala privada ou fala social com o propósito de descobrir qual criança produziu mais fala privada. Na análise qualitativa havia a necessidade de considerar o ambiente social da crianças para descrever quando a fala privada ocorreu, sua função e frequência. Por exemplo, existem crianças que são expostas a três ou mais línguas estrangeiras ao mesmo tempo em casa e na escola, algumas somente falam em inglês na escola e português em casa e outras falam inglês e português na escola e em casa. Os resultados mostraram que a fala privada foi importante na promoção da autorregulação durante o processo de ensino-aprendizagem das crianças analisadas. Ela desempenhou um papel importante no engajamento das crianças quando estavam aprendendo os sons e as palavras na língua inglesa. Além disso, a fala privada demonstrou uma participação efetiva das crianças durante as atividades mesmo aparentemente não sendo ouvidas pelo professor.
Private speech, according to Wertsch (1980), is defined as a private dialog that the individual promotes with himself and its function lies in the necessity of self-regulation, self-guidance and self-reflection. Private speech of children and adults has been extensively studied by McCafferty (1994), Berk & Spuhl (1995), Fernyhough & Russell (1997), Krafft & Berk (1998), Winsler, Carlton, Barry (2000), Manfra & Winsler (2006), Smith (2007), Day & Smith (2013) and others. In Brazilian research, a gap could be identified regarding the study of private speech in English as a Foreign Langague for Children (LEC) as an important cognitive tool for the teaching-learning process. In these Brazilian studies, language is considered only a source for communication. The purpose of this study was to verify how private speech occured, what was its function and frequency. For this reason, nine children between four and five years old from different nationalities in an international school were voice and video recorded during the activities of Circle Time and Phonics. According to the data collected, in the quantitative analysis, each speech was classified as private speech or social speech in order to count which child produced more private speech. In the qualitative analysis there was the necessity to consider the childs environment in order to describe when private speech occured, its function and frequency. For instance, there are children that are exposed to three or more languages at the same time at home and at school, some only speak English at school and Brazilian Portuguese at home and others speak English and Brazilian Portuguese at home and at school. The findings of this study showed that private speech was important for promoting self-regulation in the teaching-learning process of the children analysed. It also played an important role in children engajament when learning the sounds and the words in English. Besides that, private speech showed an effective involvement of the children during the activities even though they were not heard, apparently, by the teacher.

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Chen, Yu-Hsien. "(Re)-regulating care : employing foreign carers for older persons in Taiwan". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2013. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/61134/1/Yu-Hsien_Chen_Thesis.pdf.

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The purpose of this research was to develop a theoretical understanding of the social phenomenon of the employment of foreign carers for older Taiwanese in households. Foreign carers were introduced into Taiwan in 1992 to address the care needs of the older population. By 2012, over 200,000 foreign caregivers from Indonesia, Philippines, and Vietnam were providing care in households in Taiwan. There has been little research on the interactions between and experiences of family employers, foreign carers and older persons receiving care. The theoretical framework brought together symbolic interactionist concepts and the social constructionism of Berger and Luckmann. Data collection and analysis were informed by Charmaz‘s formulation of grounded theory. Two focus groups and 54 in-depth interviews with a total of 57 Indonesian and Vietnamese foreign carers, Taiwanese family employers and older persons receiving care were undertaken. The analytical findings of the research reflect the ways in which the foreign carer, older persons receiving care and family employer participants were socially situated within the research context and how their respective social realities were shaped differently by changing social structures and cultural values within a globalising context. (Re)-regulating care was generated as the core category, forming a coherent and overarching framework that integrated the three analytical dimensions of the reality of the social change, resituating roles and struggling for control. The reality of social change refers to the employment of foreign carers as a manifestation of the reshaping of the social worlds of the three groups of participants. Resituating roles reflects the processes that underpin the hierarchical positioning of participants, the resultant asymmetrical power relations and associated interactions. Struggling for control, depicts how each group employed strategies to create space and identities that would sustain a sense of self and autonomy. In the current situation of economic and social change in Taiwan the three participant groups shared a desire for control. The autonomy of the women employers was negotiated through employment of foreign carers; for the foreign carers, a pragmatic decision to work abroad became a means for personal empowerment; and the older persons receiving care regained some authority through relationships with carers.

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Machado, Luís Antônio Licks Missel. "Análise descritiva entre os modelos institucionais de regulação econômica da exploração do petróleo nos Estados Unidos, Brasil, Argentina, Venezuela e Arábia Saudita". Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2010. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4021.

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O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar as formas institucionais de regulação da produção de petróleo dos Estados Unidos, Brasil, Argentina, Venezuela e Arábia Saudita, especialmente do ponto de vista da forma contratual com que esses países concedem a exploração em seus territórios e do nível de intervenção direta do Estado nessa exploração. Nesse sentido, a regulamentação dos setores de serviços de utilidade pública tende a acomodar os interesses de grupos de pressão, especialmente as indústrias reguladas e os consumidores, como forma de apoio político ao governo. Portanto, é imperioso que se adicione à teoria econômica da regulação o aspecto institucional dos países como elemento-chave na valorização de um ou outro grupo de interesse através da intervenção na economia. O petróleo é um produto estratégico no cenário da economia internacional, e por isso os Estados tendem a apoiar ou criar empresas para a produção de petróleo, procurando participar dos ganhos pela sua extração. Assim, buscou-se investigar quatro realidades distintas quanto à produção, consumo, capacidade de refino e comércio do petróleo nos países estudados. Além disso, foram analisadas as formas de arranjos institucionais distintos pelos quais esses países regulam a exploração do petróleo em seus territórios, seja através de contratos de concessão e institucionalização de agências reguladoras do setor, como os Estados Unidos, ou apenas com contratos de concessão sem agências reguladoras, como no caso argentino. No caso venezuelano, existe apenas contrato de joint-venture entre a iniciativa privada e a empresa estatal de exploração, sem agência reguladora. A Arábia Saudita não possui agência reguladora e explora a extração de petróleo diretamente pela empresa do súdito, da qual detém 100% de participação, e assim contrata apenas serviços específicos, sem concessão. Finalmente o caso brasileiro, onde se verifica a existência de contratos de concessão, bem como agência reguladora do setor e uma empresa de capital estatal atuando no mercado.
The objective of the present study is to analyze the institutional forms of oil production regulation in United States, Brazil, Argentina and Venezuela, especially the contractual point of view these countries grant the exploration in its territories and about the level of direct intervention of the State in this exploration. Regulation about public utility services tends to especially accommodate the interests of lobbies, the regulated industries and the consumers, as form to support government politician. Therefore, is necessary adds in the economic regulation theory the institutional aspect about the countries like element-key in the valuation if one or another interest group through the intervention in the economy for regulation. Oil is a strategical product in the scene of the international economy, and therefore the States tend to support or to create companies for oil production, being looked for to participate in profits for its extraction. Four different realities how much production, consumption, capacity of refining and commerce of the oil was studied. Moreover, the forms of distinct institutional arrangements had been analyzed for which these countries regulate the exploration of the oil in its territories, either through contracts of concession and institutionalization sector regulating agencies, as the United States, or only with concession contracts without regulating agencies, as in the Argentine case. In the Venezuelan case, only contract of joint-venture between the private initiative and the state-owned company of exploration exists, without regulating agency. Saudi Arabia does not possess regulating agency and explores the extration of oil directly for the company of the subject, of which it withholds 100% of participation, and thus contracts only specific services, without concession. Finally the Brazilian case, where there is concession contract, as well as regulating agency of the sector and a company of state capital acting in the market.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Theory of Social Regulation”

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