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Vasileva Georgieva, Vesela. "Wine in the Traditions of the Thracians: Modern Research and Manifestations". Cultural and Historical Heritage: Preservation, Presentation, Digitalization 7, nr 2 (2021): 172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.26615/issn.2367-8038.2021_2_016.
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The significance of the topics of the Thracian culture and wine production have been conceived and presented over the years through various forms, such as the numerous events, some of which have established practices and traditions over the years. The centuries-old history of the Thracians and the concentration of the numerous monuments of Thracian culture in Bulgaria give grounds for many cultural institutions to include in their cultural calendars events presenting the rich Thracian cultural heritage and modern scientific achievements. No less important is the fact that the monuments of Thracian culture studied over the years and the discoveries made in them, testify to the elegance and unique material culture of the Thracians, whose models are unparalleled in the world cultural heritage. This in turn creates the need for their preservation, socialization and transmission to future generations. This topic covers the interpretation of the specifics and contribution to the presentation of cultural heritage in the context of the National Scientific Expedition Club UNESCO Scientific Seminar "Thracians and Wine", whose main goals, activities and tasks will be presented in detail in this paper. Keywords: Thracians; Wine; Cultural Heritage; Scientific Practices; Scientific Seminar
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Mitrev, Georgi, i Jordan Iliev. "Reineccius and His History of Ancient Thrace from 1595". Istoriya-History 32, nr 2 (10.03.2024): 140–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/his2024-2-3-tra.
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This article discusses a study by the historian Reineccius (1541 – 1595) on aspects of the history of Ancient Thrace and the Thracians. Until now, this work – part of a comprehensive exploration entitled “Historia Ivlia, Siue Syntagma Heroicvm” – has remained unknown to modern researchers and they assumed, that scholarly interest in Thracian history emerged only in the first half of the 18th century. The article begins with brief notes on Reineccius’s biography and works, followed by an overview of the information about the Thracians in his book. It is noted that, in the section titled “Regnum Thracium” the author sequentially examines ancient evidence concerning the geographical scope of Thrace, the strongest Thracian tribes, the Thracians outside Thrace; afterwards he structures the available at his time information of ancient writers about Thracian kings, specifying their family relationships. Special attention is given to the Odryssian kings, constituting about a third of the content. Other kingdoms, which today are considered part of the Thracian ethno-cultural community, are examined in separate sections: Bosphorus, Paeonia and Pannonia, Getica, Dacia and Moesia. The text is complemented by stems indicating established connections between dynasties and kings. Reineccius’s work is remarkable for its rigorous research elements and strict adherence to ancient texts, correctly cited. Undoubtedly, due to these qualities, this study on Ancient Thrace has influenced research on the topic for the next two centuries. Based on the presented facts, it is concluded that Reineccius’s work can be considered the first attempt to systematize ancient information about Thrace and the Thracians.
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Rousseva, Malvina. "Challenges in the Design and the Development of the Educational Serious Game “The Thracians”". Digital Presentation and Preservation of Cultural and Scientific Heritage 8 (3.09.2018): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.55630/dipp.2018.8.4.
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: The paper presents the key challenges that we faced in the creation of the serious educational game “The Thracians”. We had to choose the most appropriate architectural environment and methodology to apply in all stages. The selection of historical facts, archaeological and artistic artefacts for the Thracian civilization was based on Thracians lifestyle, beliefs and traditions that will provoke students interests and wish to play the game.
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SLAVOVA, Mirena. "THE THRACIANS AND THE WRITING". Ezikov Svyat volume 20 issue 3, ezs.swu.v20i3 (20.10.2022): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i3.111.
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The article offers a summary and analysis of the available texts written in the Thracian language, which became especially necessary after the breakthrough finding in 1988 of new written monuments in Thracian in the settlement of Zone on the Aegean coast in Greece. Contrary to popular belief that the Thracians were an illiterate people, it can be concluded that by the 4th century BC there were three centers of writing activity in the Thracian lands: Northeastern Bulgaria (the inscription from the village of Kjolmen), the Upper Thracian plain (the inscription on the ring from the village of Ezerovo and the inscriptions on artifacts from the mounds of Duvanlii), and the Aegean coast (inscriptions from the settlements of Zone and Maroneia and from the island of Samothrace). The author examines the written evidence of the Thracian language in the context of the neighboring Greek alphabets and concludes that the existence of a local alphabet used by the Thracian population before the arrival of the Greek colonists on the Aegean coast can be postulated. Another focus of the paper is related to understanding the reasons for the gradual demise of the practice of writing in the Thracian language in the context of the emergence of the Greek local alphabets and the cultural and political reality of contacts with the Greek-speaking population and education, without neglecting the sociolinguistic aspects of the problem.
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Bekker-Nielsen, Tønnes. "Thracians in the Roman Imperial Navy". International Journal of Maritime History 29, nr 3 (sierpień 2017): 479–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871417714374.
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The Roman fleets of the imperial period were crewed by provincials, not by Italians. Of the sailors and soldiers whose names and geographical origin are attested epigraphically (on military diplomas or epitaphs) almost 15 per cent claim a Thracian origin; and among these, the majority identify themselves as Bessi, a tribe in the mountains of southern Thrace that is not known to have had a tradition of seafaring. The explanations proposed by earlier research include Theodor Mommsen’s contention that Bessi was used as a synonym for Thracians in general, and Jerzy Kolendo’s suggestion that these people were recruited from a colony of displaced Bessi with maritime traditions. This article proposes that the presence of Bessi in the navy was a by-product of the creation of new Black Sea fleets in the first century AD.
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Owen, Sara. "Of dogs and men: Archilochos, archaeology and the Greek settlement of Thasos". Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society 49 (2003): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068673500000924.
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This article involves a case-study of one of the most generally accepted literary accounts of a Greek settlement abroad – the Greek colonisation of Thasos. Here, according to the generally accepted account, we have an eye-witness, Archilochos, son of the oikist, who actually settled on Thasos not during the first Greek settlement but during a subsequent wave of settlers. He didn't like it much – he calls it ‘thrice-wretched’ (228W), the settlers were the dregs of Greece (102W), the island looked like the back of an ass (21W), it wasn't pretty like Sybaris in Italy (22W), and the Thracians were described as ‘dogs’ (93aW). Fighting between Greeks and Thracians is portrayed (5W).The archaeological evidence for the first period of Greek settlement on Thasos is scarce, but what there is has been marshalled in support of this literary model. Archaeology's main role has been to be used in chronological disputes. The orthodoxy dates the Parian colonisation to 680 BC, arguing that the Delphic oracle concerning the foundation of Thasos has Archilochos' father as oikist. The subject-matter of several of the poems has allowed Archilochos' poetry to be dated to 650 BC, and therefore the colonisation of Thasos to a generation before. Pouilloux (1964), indeed, has used the archaeological evidence from a house in the lowest levels of Thasos town to argue for this early date for the Parian settlement, seeing the ‘Thracian’ (and distinctly un-Cycladic) character of many of the finds as indicative of a certain amount of interaction between Parians and Thracians in the first generation of the colony.
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Slavova, Mirena. "The inscriptions from the mound necropolis of Duvanlii (Thrace) and their socio-cultural context". Kadmos 56, nr 1-2 (1.07.2017): 119–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kadmos-2017-0006.
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Abstract The article attempts to restore the socio-cultural context of four inscriptions found on various artifacts in graves from the mound necropolis at Duvanlii in Thrace (present day Bulgaria) dating back to the 5th century BC. They are written with a different technique - the erroneously transmitted graffito written in early Attic alphabet on the bottom of a plate ΙΠΠΟΜΑΧΣ, the depinti KOAΣ and ΚOMOΣ on a red-figure hydria, and the Thracian anthroponym ΔΑΔΑΛΕΜΕ engraved on four silver vases. The author focuses both on the interpretation of the single inscriptions (especially the placement of ΔΑΔΑΛΕΜΕ in a series with other known Thracian names, as well as with the newly published from Zoni) and on the contact zone of Thracians and Greeks in Thrace and Samothrace, whose specifics can explain the considered graphical practices.
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Dana, Dan. "Onomasticon Thracicum (Onom Thrac). Répertoire des noms indigènes de Thrace, Macédoine Orientale, Mésies, Dacie et Bithynie". Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 17, nr 1 (2011): 25–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/092907711x575313.
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Abstract The purpose of the Onomasticon Thracicum project is to realize a repertory of all the Thracian personal names, supplanting the outdated book of D. Detschew (1957). The gathering and the critical examination of these native names in literary sources, inscriptions (epitaphs, dedications, lists, graffiti, military diplomas), papyri and coins will provide a new research tool, rich of about 1400 different names. A large number of Thracian names is documented elsewhere in the Greek (especial Hellenistic) and Roman world, principally because the utilization of the Thracians as soldiers by the Hellenistic kings, thereafter in all the units of the Roman army. This aspect is extremely important for the constitution of their onomastic repertory, completing the more or less plentiful data from the Thracian space. Recently, more new data about Thracian onomastics are available, improving our knowledge, especially for some regions or, very important, for the feminine names. OnomThrac will pay more attention to the study of this peculiar onomastics in its geographical and chronological context. At least four distinct onomastic territories are now obvious for the Thracian complex: Thracian names; Daco-Moesian names; western Thracian names; Bithynian names. More indexes (as a reverse index; or the Genitive forms), as well as a general bibliography, will accompany the repertory.
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Dimova, Elitsa. "Plant Motifs and Sacred Rituals of the Thracians in Connection with the God Hypnos". Cultural and Historical Heritage: Preservation, Presentation, Digitalization 8, nr 1 (30.06.2022): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.55630/kinj.2022.080106.
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The idea of the plant world of the Thracians as part of the cult practice is relatively less studied. In fact, the whole philosophy of Orphism and Hermeticism is imbued with practical agriculture. Therefore, it should not be viewed in isolation from the sacred rituals dedicated to the gods. The cult of grapes and wine and their connection with the Dionysian holidays is well known. But the secrets of the Bacchic ceremonies lie in the composition of the so-called. "Soma", which is probably a type of hallucinogenic substance. An ecstatic elixir known in Vedic rituals was made from a plant with white aromatic flowers. Soma is the name of the liquid prepared, but also the name of a deity. The Aryans describe this ritual as related to agriculture. In this regard, we can find artifacts in Bulgaria from the Thracian culture, which were not illuminated due to the inability to connect with the cult of the minor deity Hypnos. During the Eleusinian Mysteries, where a ritual with wheat and barley was performed, a drink was used, which contained the so-called "honeydew" or an extract of an intoxicating plant agent. The purpose of Soma rituals was to achieve immortality. The vertical culture of the Thracians, which is dedicated to the connection with the gods and their perfect world, turns every agricultural activity into a special sacred space.
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TSIBRANSKA-KOSTOVA, Мariyana. "THE THRACIANS AND THE WRITING". Ezikov Svyat volume 20 issue 3, ezs.swu.v20i3 (20.10.2022): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i3.1.
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Three historical kinship terms attested in South Slavic legal texts of translated character are the subject of this article: pramama ‘great-grandmother‘; pratachta – a problematic term adapted to different contextual ambiance, but presumably designating the mother (stepmother) of the mother-in law; prachtoura ‘great-granddaughter‘. They reveal a sustainable model of nomination, transmitted in the modern ways for linguistic expression of the more distant kinship. The word-forming model of one-part cognate terms formed with prefixes пра or прѣ is historically productive, and retains its vitality from the past to the contemporary times. There are both established, commonly used and of high-frequency representatives, and rare ones. Although one can suppose the influence of the corresponding Greek term, respectively the attempt to calque it, the distant kinship provoked the use of a domestic fund, as the mentioned prefixes, which mark the temporal anteriority and the feature ‘old, aged’. It is not coincidental that in the traditional popular culture the expression “up to the ninth generation” implies the distant kinship. Distant kinship was obviously important in the times of the Ottoman domination, when the family played a major role in preserving identity. Positions in more distant genealogy were a challenge to the Slavic translators of Byzantine legal writings on the degrees of kinship from the late Middle Ages. They enriched the kinship terminology with new representatives.
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Budvytis, Vytautas. "Jonas Basanavičius as Creator of the Thracian Theory of Lithuanian Origin". Tautosakos darbai 62 (30.12.2021): 130–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.51554/td.21.62.07.
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The theory (hypothesis) tracing Lithuanian origins from the ancient Thracians is perhaps the most romantical and most ideologically engaged part of the scholarly legacy by doctor Jonas Basanavičius (1851–1927). Shaped already in the period of publishing “Aušra” (1883 – 1886), this theory was developed in the course of his entire life and could be regarded as the greatest reflection of Basanavičius’ romantical worldview and thinking. Having successfully performed important functions of fostering the Lithuanian national identity, awakening the national consciousness and national pride, and enhancing the national communication in the last decades of the 19th century, the “Thracology” – reasonably criticized already in the interwar period – is currently just a historiographic fact from the perspective of the modern science. Although being able to grasp certain tendencies, Basanavičius did err considerably in some of his interpretations. However, his “Thracology” was not just a scholarly study.While creating and developing his Thracian theory of Lithuanian origin, Basanavičius followed the mythological ideology tradition of the first half of the 19th century, in which the historical narrative used to start with a story of origins (according to Gintaras Beresnevičius, researcher in Lithuanian mythology). His Thracian hypothesis should be regarded as a mythical image of Lithuanian origin, which essential purpose was idealization of a nation that started a new free political life. In this context, culture and especially its continuity from the past to the present and future emerges as the main ideological value of “Thracology”. It enables appreciating people from the past and their unique culture as important participants of the national present and future. This theory supports the idea of Lithuanian adherence to the European culture.The Thracian theory is not just a scholarly study because Basanavičius viewed cultural history not only as a science that objectively examined historical facts, but also as an inherent part of the human life that could aid self-understanding and personal growth. Therefore, it is important to note that the world of ideas is clearly recognizable in the Basanavičius’ texts along with the scholarly and sensual worlds. The original forms of the Thracian theory are reflected in the earliest experiences as testified by its author. Basanavičius retrospectively mentioned Thracians already while recounting his childhood. Thus, the article supports an assumption that “Thracology” used to be an important part of Basanavičius’ life since his youth – starting from his studies at the Moscow University.After Basanavičius settled in Bulgaria, and particularly from the period of publishing “Aušra”, the Thracian hypothesis of the Lithuanian origin should be considered as the main idea of his studies and life; it strongly affected him for the rest of his life and comprised an important part of his cultural identity. In terms of this hypothesis, Basanavičius stands out as a person that merges a researcher in anthropology and creating of his own cultural identity.
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Kapuran, Aleksandar, Mirjana Blagojevic i Dragica Bizjak. "Settlements and necropolises of the Early Iron Age along the middle course of the Nisava river". Starinar, nr 65 (2015): 145–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sta1565145k.
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As a result of the rescue archaeological investigations conducted along the E-80 motorway route, around the middle course of the Nisava river, from Sicevo Gorge to Dimitrovgrad, several sites from the Early Iron Age were discovered. At the same time, two caves located on the margins of this natural transportation route which links the Morava Valley and the Sofia Basin were explored. This paper comprises all the relevant finds of the material culture from Bela Palanka, Pirot and Dimitrovgrad, and sepulchral architecture and funerary customs practised during Hallstatt C and D. The aim of the paper is to indicate the influences of the Basarabi and Psenicevo material culture in the territories assumed to have been inhabited by the Thracian and Illyrian tribes, which may help with the more accurate pinpointing of the demarcations between the Triballi, Thracians and Paeonians.
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Strechie, Mădălina. "The Dacians, The Wolf Warriors". International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 23, nr 2 (25.06.2017): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2017-0144.
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Abstract The Dacians, a very important Indo-European people of the ancient world, were, like all Indo-European peoples, highly trained in the art of war. The legends of the ancient world placed the worship of Ares/Mars, the god of war, in the world of the Thracians, the Dacians being the most important of the Thracians, by the creation of a state and by their remarkable civilization, where war generated rank. The Dacian leaders, military aristocrats, Tarabostes are similar to the Bharathi of the Aryans, therefore the accounts of Herodotus, the father of history, who called the Thracians (including the Dacians, the northern Thracians), “the most important of the Indo-Europeans, after the race of the Indians” (i.e. the Persians and the Aryans, their relatives), also have a military meaning. The totemic symbol of the wolf was much present in Europe, especially with Indo-European peoples, like the Spartans, the aristocrats of war, but mostly with the Romans, the gendarmes of the ancient world. But the Dacians honoured this majestic animal above all, not only as a symbol of the state, but also, apparently, as their eponym. As warriors, the Dacians lay under the sign of the wolf, their battle flag, and acted like real wolves against their enemies, whether they were Celts, during the reign of Burebista, or Romans, during the reign of Decebalus. The Dacians made history in the military art, being perfectly integrated, after the Roman conquest, in the largest and best trained army of the ancient world, the Roman army. Moreover, the wolf warriors, mastering the equestrian art, were a success in the special, though auxiliary troops of the famous equites singulares in the Roman army. If the Romans were the eagles of war, the Dacians were its wolves, these two symbols best illustrating the military art of all times.
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Iliev. "Thracians in the Second Macedonian War (200–197 B.C.)". Hiperboreea 7, nr 2 (2020): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/hiperboreea.7.2.0109.
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Pamukova, R., E. Radev i M. Vizeva. "Why thracians were the most long-lived people in antiquity?" Trakia Journal of Science 16, Suppl.1 (2018): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2018.s.01.019.
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Nieicheva, Liliia. "BULGARIAN MUSICAL ART AS A SYNTHESIS OF FOREIGN-NATION CULTURAL CONTRIBUTIONS". Scientific Issues of Ternopil National Pedagogical Volodymyr Hnatiuk University. Specialization: Art Studies, nr 2 (23.05.2023): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2411-3271.19.2.1.
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This article studies the effect of achievements of proto-Bulgarian, Thracian, Ancient Greek and Byzantine cultures on formation of the Bulgarian nation. The main scientific concepts concerning the origins of Bulgarians, etymology of name, and matters concerning linguistic and ethnic affiliation have been analyzed. The most important historical events that bore upon formation of the Bulgarian nation have been reviewed; in particular, attention was focused upon development of religious views of Bulgarians starting from the archaic eras. Materials concerning the influence which achievements of proto-Bulgarians had on Bulgarian music and culture in general have been studied. An analysis of historical materials concerning the life of Turkish and Irano-Indian peoples, archeological cultural discoveries and accounts of various historians suggest the conclusion that archaic layers of Bulgarian folklore have relation to Irano- Indian, Turkish and Irano-Semite origins of monodic melodic culture, which were in organic contact with proto-Christian and early Christian artistic layers, thus facilitating flexible contacts with other Southern European cultural phenomena. This relation manifests itself in common features of Turkish and Bulgarian rhythms, the structure of folk music modes and the use of a quartertone system in music of these countries. One subsection systemizes historical information regarding Thracians, and offers an overview of the works of historians and scholars studying origins of the Thracian language that influenced morphological and syntactical linguistic system of Bulgarians, and religious legacy. A conclusion was drawn that Bulgaria preserved the orphic cult of Ancient Thrace no less than Greece and Byzantium did, where vocal basis of music defined exceptional originality of rhythmic structures, in particular, in instrumentalism. Accounts of Greek historians concerning secular and folk music of Thrace, rites, pantomimic scenes, etc. have been analyzed as well. The discovered sources allow to assume that practicing musicians of Ancient Thrace were prohibited from not only writing about music but even talking about it, although the myths, religious beliefs and ritual practices indicate the authoritativeness of Thracians in this particular area. Bulgaria’s inheritance of Ancient Greece’s cultural legacy, including via Byzantine Orthodoxy of the 4 th to 6 th and 9 th to 11 th centuries, as proved by numerous examples of architecture, painting art and music (and especially its rhythmical side) has been analyzed. Based on theoretical works by V. Kholopova, D. Hristov, V. Stoin and A. Stoyanov, particularities of Bulgarian “irregular rhythmics” (which have, first of all, antique metrics at its core) and the problems of their fixing have been described. Attention was also given to the hereditary features existing between Bulgaria and Byzantium, especially in religious Christian culture. The commonness manifests itself not only in the structure of Divine Service and the octoechos system but also in the monody of drone (ison) singing that remains contemporaneous in Bulgaria, in dissemination of the tradition of bass singing of psalms, in melisma which was not just an “adornment” but has retained the original rhetoric in the function of sacral mode of singing, and in the importance of ritual theatrical forms.
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Shashlova, Tatyana Jurjevna. "The Thracians as subjects of the Achaemenids according to Persian sources". Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: History. International Relations 14, nr 4 (2014): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2014-14-4-47-51.
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Zaccaria, Pietro. "The Murderers of Kotys the Thracian". Mnemosyne 72, nr 1 (6.12.2018): 66–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568525x-12342522.
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AbstractIn 360/359 BC, Kotys, king of the Odrysian Thracians, was killed by two brothers of Ainos. Confusion, however, soon arose around their identity. The aim of this article is to reconstruct and analyze the various traditions that spread in Antiquity about their identification. Demosthenes was the first to call the murderers Python and Herakleides of Ainos. His version of the facts was later followed by Philodemos, Plutarchos, and Philostratos. Aristoteles, however, called them Πύρρων (or Πάρρων) and Herakleides of Ainos. Diokles of Magnesia, probably following the same tradition as Aristoteles, confused Pyrrhon of Ainos with Pyrrhon of Elis. Similarly, Demetrios of Magnesia confused Herakleides of Ainos with Herakleides Pontikos. Finally, the figures of Kotys, Herakleides, and Python were perhaps reused by the author of the spurious Letters of Chion of Herakleia and recontextualized as symbols of the conflict between philosophy and tyranny.
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Gralak, Tomasz. "Podstawy społeczne i ekonomiczne powstania fenomenu złotnictwa wielbarskiego". Slavia Antiqua. Rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim, nr 63 (28.10.2022): 7–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/sa.2022.63.1.
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In the early first century AC, in the north of Poland (predominantly in Pomerania), the Wielbark culture developed with its group of specific features. Among them were numerous items of jewellery. It seems that their use was related to an extended social hierarchy and distant inter-regional trade contacts. The raw material used by the jewellers was most probably obtained from melted Roman coins. Amber exports were at the economic basis of obtaining the coins. The most frequent forms of trinkets:snake- and adder-inspired bracelets, reverse pear pendants, S-shaped buckles and others, are of entirely foreign origin. Their prototypes can be traced back to the pre-Roman areas along the Danube occupied by the Thracians and the Dacians or the La Tène culture population.
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Chiekova, Dobrinka. "The Great Mother Goddess on the Thracian Coast of Pontos Euxeinos: Forms and Traditions". Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 29, nr 1 (14.09.2023): 11–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700577-20232902.
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Abstract This paper focuses on the worship of the Mother Goddess in the Greek colonies on the west coast of the Black Sea from the Archaic to the Roman period. The epigraphic and the archaeological evidence demonstrate the importance of the Milesian colonies in the spread of the cult. The political aspect of the Goddess’s personality is prominent and reminds of her Phrygian position. A Great Goddess very similar to the Phrygian Matar was worshiped in Thrace and on the western shores of the Black Sea before the arrival of the Greeks in 7th century BC. The Greek colonists and the Thracians were able to recognize simultaneously the continuum and the distinction in the forms and characteristics of their respective Great Goddess.
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Шауб, И. Ю. "UNKNOWN LEAD VOTIVE FROM OLBIA". Proceedings in Archaeology and History of Ancient and Medieval Black Sea Region, S1 (9.12.2022): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.53737/2713-2021.2022.30.96.002.
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Статья посвящена публикации свинцовой композиции, которая была случайно найдена в Ольвии в 80-х годах XX в. и ныне находится в одной частной коллекции. Подобные свинцовые фигурки, которые не без основания считаются вотивами, весьма характерны для Ольвии и её округи. Однако сюжет, представленный на рассматриваемой композиции — крылатая женщина на колеснице — среди ольвийских свинцовых изделий не зафиксирован. В то же время аналогичный сюжет фигурирует на предметах погребального инвентаря боспорян. Близкие аналогии автор находит и среди вещей и сюжетов заупокойного культа фракийцев. Поэтому он предполагает, что в образе крылатой женщины на публикуемом вотиве ольвиополиты видели не богиню победы Нику, но некоего хтонического демона (или хтоническую богиню). Наиболее близкие боспорские и фракийские аналогии говорят о том, что вотив был отлит в конце IV или в III в. до н.э. The article is devoted to the publication of a lead composition, which was accidentally found in Olbia in the 80s of the 20th century CE and is now in a private collection. Similar lead figurines, which are not without reason considered votives, are very characteristic of Olbia and its environs. However, the plot presented in the composition under consideration — a winged woman on a chariot — was not recorded among the Olbian lead items. At the same time, a similar plot appears on the items of the Bosporan funerary inventory. The author finds close analogies among the things and plots of the funeral cult of the Thracians. Therefore, he suggests that in the image of the winged woman on the published votive, the Olbiopolites saw not the goddess of victory, Nike, but some kind of chthonic demon (or chthonic goddess). The closest Bosporan and Thracian analogies indicate that the votive was cast at the end of the 4th or in the 3rd century BCE.
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Rustoiu, Aurel. "Thracians - Illyrians - Celts. Cultural connections in the northern Balkans in the 4th-3rd centuries BC". Starinar, nr 67 (2017): 33–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sta1767033r.
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The result of the colonisation of the eastern and southern part of the Carpathian Basin by Celtic communities was the appearance of some new communities characterised by the cultural amalgamation of the newcomers with the indigenous populations, which led to the construction of new collective identities. At the same time, the ?colonists? established different social, political or economic relationships with different indigenous populations from the Balkans. This article discusses the practices related to the cultural interactions between the aforementioned communities and the ways in which these connections can be identified through the analysis of material culture from the eastern and southern Carpathian Basin, and the northern and north-western Balkans.
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Pogăciaş, Andrei. "The Dacian Society – Fierce Warriors and their Women: Sources and Representations". Hiperboreea 4, nr 1 (1.06.2017): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/hiperboreea.4.1.0005.
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Abstract There is not much information about the Dacian society and especially the role of women within it. There are few ancient sources who deal more with the Thracians and a few about the Getae and Dacians, but the majority speak about the men and their wars. It is not very difficult, however, to understand the role of women in a warrior society, although parallels must be drawn to other ancient civilizations in the area. From what we know from sources, representations on Trajan's Column and archaeology, Dacian common women were in charge with the most domestic activities, while the noble women wore gold and jewels. However, it is possible that, in the final days of the independent Dacian Kingdom, they all fought for their lives and children, while many of their husbands had already been killed.
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Bondzhev, Asen. "The Life of Orpheus – Contributions to European Culture". Open Journal for Studies in History 5, nr 2 (28.12.2022): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.ojsh.0502.03041b.
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Orpheus is one of the greatest historical contributions of the Thracians in European culture. He is much more than a talented poet and singer. He is a religious reformer, a priest and a Teacher, who transmits valuable knowledge to humanity. This study presents his life and influence on philosophers such as Pythagoras and Plato, the development of this influence during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, and analyzes some Orphic tablets of eschatological nature. The roots of Orphic teachings are so deep, that some missionaries of the new Christian faith had to use the image of Orpheus in their desire to baptize pagans. Orpheus comes to walk the most difficult path – spreading the doctrine of salvation of the human soul, which remains one of the highest achievements of European culture and a hope for its humane future.
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Konstantinov, Oleg, Eugenia Kovatcheva, Valeria Fol i Roumen Nikolov. "Discover the Thracians – An Approach for Use of 2D and 3D Technologies for Digitization of Cultural Heritage in the Field of Elearning". Digital Presentation and Preservation of Cultural and Scientific Heritage 2 (30.09.2012): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.55630/dipp.2012.2.9.
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Information and communication technologies (ICT) offer an easier access to and a multiperspective view of cultural heritage artifacts and may also enrich and improve cultural heritage education through the adoption of innovative learning/teaching methods. This paper examines the different practices and opportunities for digitization of cultural artifacts with historical significance and describes the work on a pilot project concerning the development of elearning materials in the Thracian cultural and historical heritage. The proposed method presents an approach based on a combination of 2D and 3D technologies to facilitate the overall process of digitization of individual objects. This approach not only provides greater opportunities for presenting the Thracian heritage but also new perspectives for studying it – students, scientists, PhD students will have the opportunity to work with the materials without having access to them.
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László Márkus, Zsolt, Maxim Goynov, Detelin Luchev, Radoslav Pavlov, Desislava Paneva-Marinova, Tibor Szkaliczki, György Szántó i in. "Interactive Game Development to Assist Cultural Heritage". Digital Presentation and Preservation of Cultural and Scientific Heritage 8 (3.09.2018): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.55630/dipp.2018.8.3.
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Serious educational games provide a novel way to transfer knowledge on cultural heritage, which can especially attract young people by using interactive multimedia technology. The paper presents a new flexible tool for developing, managing and presenting games. This server-based solution can facilitate the game development by applying game templates, layout styles and question pools. It also supports the development of game packages for multiple languages and multiple platforms (Web and mobile). The games can easily be customised for various learning domains. Complex games can be composed from several socalled minigames (e.g. puzzle, multiple choice, memory game, crossword etc.) and the tool also supports the evaluation of the user answers and organising competitions. The games were applied to deepen knowledge on various topics related to our cultural heritage. The latest game development is represented by the serious educational game “The Thracians” running in a virtual 360º panorama environment, which presents the life, beliefs and traditions of the ancient tribes.
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Grigoriev, S. A. "Chariots in the Balkans and Carpathians, Origins of the Greeks and Thracians and the Problems of Historical Chronology". Magistra Vitae: an electronic journal on historical sciences and archeology, nr 2 (2021): 64–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.47475/2542-0275-2021-0209.
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Kazakevich, Gennadiy. "The Late La Tène Decorated Scabbard from the Upper Dniester Area: A Far Relative of the Gundestrup Cauldron?" Studia Celto-Slavica 5 (2010): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.54586/btqa1213.
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The article touches upon the late La Tène scabbard with open work decoration from the Przeworsk burial n. 3 of the Gryniv cemetery (Upper Dniester area). It is pointed out that the Gryniv scabbard belongs to the same art style as the Gundestrup cauldron. The scabbard was made using the La Tène metalworking tradition, while its decoration demonstrates mainly a mixture of the Celtic and Thracian art practices and religious beliefs. It’s emergence in the Upper Dniester area may be explained as a result of the Bastarnae raid in Thracia in 29 BC. The artifact reflects complicated cultural interactions in late La Tene Central Europe in which Celtic, Germanic, Thracian and possibly Proto-Slavic groups were involved. Also it marks one of the possible ways from the Balkans to the Jutland which had been passed by the Gundestrup cauldron itself.
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ALEXANDRESCU, Cristina-Georgeta. "Return from the Hunt: a Re-Discovered Votive Relief from Northern Moesia Inferior". STUDIA ANTIQUA ET ARCHAEOLOGICA 29, nr 2 (2023): 253–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.47743/saa-2023-29-2-6.
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Recent archival materials brought to attention a fragmentary marble votive relief found near Tulcea depicting the so-called Thracian horseman as a hunter with the prey in his raised right hand. This iconographic variant is very rare outside Thracia and the Balkans region. The evidence of the votive reliefs of the Thracian horseman in the northern Moesia Inferior is not rich but features a great iconographical variety, hinting at an intended choice from the part of the dedicants of the votives and great awareness of the iconographical composition. The material (imported marble) and the dimensions of several of the reliefs uncovered up to now in the region are quite large and make plausible the idea of votives intended for cult places/sanctuaries. The relief discussed is singular among the similar finds in the region, for it bears also an inscription on its upper border.
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Drugaş, Şerban George Paul. "The Name of Zalmoxis and Its Significance in the Dacian Language and Religion". Hiperboreea 3, nr 2 (1.12.2016): 5–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/hiperboreea.3.2.0005.
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Abstract In order to write about the significance of the name of Zalmoxis in the Dacian language and religion, I begin with the displaying of the sources. Afterwards, there are presented three debates, about: (1) the relation between Zalmoxis and Pythagoras, showing that the philosopher was definitely influenced by the Thraco-Dacian beliefs which were also present in Zamolxianism; (2) “immortalization” as an initiatic mystery cult, shamanic practices; (3) an exploration of the forms Zalmoxis and Zamolxis. The first form, of Zalmoxis, attested in Herodotus, with witnesses in inscriptions, could be related with some terms and practices found in Siberian peoples, used for hunting and shamanism (cf. sϵl, at Ket and Yugh). These practices are connected to the Dance of the Bear and others in the Romanian folklore. The second part of the term Zalmoxis could have come from *mo(i)š) (skin, sack, i. e., shamanic mask), which could lead to the Romanian autochtonous word moş (old, elder, ancestor). The second form, Zamolxis, was connected to the Indo-European satem *sem- < PIE *dheghom- (earth > man). The theonym could end up with two forms by a word game, due to the oppositions between the mystery cult and shamanism, and between the solar-uranian cult from Sarmizegetusa and a chthonian cult, supported mainly by the southern Thracians (Semele, Dionysos).
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Arzakanyan, Marina, i Andrey Herzen. "Vladislav Yakimovich Grosul and his Concept of the Ethnogenesis of Moldavians". Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology, nr 6 (grudzień 2022): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.55086/sp2262739.
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Almost all researchers representing various humanitarian disciplines are distinguished by an integrated approach at the present stage of development of scientific knowledge on the study of the ethnogenesis of Moldavians. One of these scientists is the outstanding historian Vladislav Yakimovich Grosul. As a representative of historical and political Moldavism, in the late 1990s he gave impetus to the revival of interest in the migrationist concept in fundamental science. Vladislav Yakimovich repeatedly drew attention to the fact that not only Romanian, but also Soviet scientists for a long time, in essence, adhered to autochthonous and admigration theories. According to his own confessions, he shared this position, and he himself, however, later decided to reconsider it and actively urged his colleagues to do so. Relying mainly on the works of linguists, archaeologists and anthropologists, he believed that the Romanized population of the Balkan Peninsula were primarily Romanized Illyrians, and not Daco-Thracians, and that the proto-language of the Eastern Romance was also formed in the Balkans. V. Ya. Grosul, admitting the possibility (albeit insignificant) that a small part of the Romanized population could have survived in the Carpathians, has developed the Illyrian version of the migration theory most fully and convincingly so far. The concept of V. Ya. Grosul requires the closest possible attention, critical analysis, especially on the basis of an integrated historical and geographical approach.
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Bekov, Vladimir. "The Coin Magistrate ΚΥΡΣΑ and the Cult of Isis, Sarapis and Anubis in Odessos – New Epigraphic and Numismatic Data". Journal of Historical and Archaeological Research, nr 1 (30.04.2023): 53–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.46687/zupj3827.
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Abstract: The subject of the present article is a newly discovered dedicatory inscription of Isis, Sarapis and Anubis (Обр. 1), made by the society of their venerable believers. Some of these admirers are also connected with the coinage – the coin magistrate ΚΥΡΣΑ was the father of one of the initiates – ΗΡΩΝΥΜΟ. Thanks to the parallel between the epigraphic data and the coins, the newly discovered inscription can be dated to the second half of the 2nd c. BC. From the research it can be concluded that somewhere in the outlines of Odessos during the Hellenistic era, maybe in the sacred territory around the today’s oldest active Christian temple in Varna – “The Assumption of the Holy Virgin” Church, or around the place of the newly discovered inscriptions (18 Tsar Ivan Shishman Str.), existed a temple of Isis, Sarapis and Anubis (№ 4 on Карта 1). Moreover, it is very likely that the upright statue of the Great God of Odessos was erected there in the 3rd–2nd centuries BC, and from its creation to be associated with Pluto/Sarapis, because the statue first appears on the Odessos tetradrachms of their own type (Cat. № 6–7, c. 168–167 BC). The new epigraphic and numismatic data confirm the opinion that the Thracians occupied very important positions in Odessos and perhaps had a leading role from the middle of the 2nd century BC until the capture of the city by Rome.
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CODESCU, Alexandru. "Territorium Ciuitatis Ausdecensium: an Open Issue of Ancient Topo-Demography". STUDIA ANTIQUA ET ARCHAEOLOGICA 29, nr 1 (2023): 71–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.47743/saa-2023-29-1-5.
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This paper aims at re-examining the available data regarding the location of ciuitas Ausdecensium in Moesia Inferior, starting from the uncertainty as to the place where was discovered the inscription CIL III 144372 – the famous boundary stone which records the resolution of a land dispute between this ciuitas and a neighbouring population of Dacians. The analysis is focused on some key-elements which could elucidate the relation between ciuitas Ausdecensium and the Thracian strategy Οὐσδικησική recorded by Ptolemy: the fact that we deal with a boundary stone which, therefore, was initially placed at an extremity of the territory belonging to this ciuitas, the fact that this territory extended in the opposite direction, most probably to the south, from the place where the boundary stone was installed, as well as the fact that the interprovincial border between Moesia Inferior and Thracia is considered to have passed north of the Balkans’ range, not very far from Danube’s line, although the exact border route is still debated. All these circumstances lead to the plausible consequence of territorium ciuitatis Ausdecensium reaching the interprovincial borderline. At its turn, this consequence, corroborated with the location in northern Thracia of the strategy Οὐσδικησική, according to Ptolemy’s account, supports the possible contiguity between territorium ciuitatis Ausdecensium and the territory of the strategy Οὐσδικησική. If this hypothesis is accurate, it may shed light on the processes that led to the creation of this ciuitas and, at the same time, could generate the need to be reassessed the opinion that considers this population of southern Thracian origin as having been relocated to Dobruja.
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Nikishin, Vladimir Olegovich. "Ethnolookism as a factor in the attitude of the Romans towards the Germans". RUDN Journal of World History 14, nr 3 (15.12.2022): 328–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-3-328-337.
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The author of the article turned to the theme of ethnolookism - daily discriminatory practices, which are due to compliance or, on the contrary, inconsistensy between the real appearance of representatives of a particular ethnic group and established ethnic stereotypes and prejudices. The article is devoted to a particular case of ethnolookism in antiquity. We are talking about ethnolookism as a factor in the attitude of the Romans towards the Germans. According to the author, in the ordinary perception of the Greeks and Romans, all barbarians of the same ethnic origin - Scythians or Thracians, Getae or Germans - were, as the saying is, “on the same face”. Experts call this effect cross-racial. From the end of the 2nd century BC the Romans actively interacted with the Germans. Latin authors call blue eyes and blond hair, tall stature and a strong physique as characteristic external signs of the Germans. For the Romans these sings were, most likely, the very triggers, which automatically resurrected in the collective consciousness of the contemporaries of Horace, Caesar and Tacitus longstanding fears associated with metus Gallicus and furor Teutonicus. It is characteristic that the Germans, who served under the Roman banners, became “Romans” in the eyes of their fellow tribesmen. The Germans themselves thought so, and the Roman authorities clearly separated “their” barbarians from those who attacked the borders of the Roman Empire. Thus, within the framework of the political unity of pax Romana, the ethnocultural rapprochement of the Romans and Germans gradually took place.
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Krastev, Nikola, Toma Dobrev i Lenin Dragomanov. "Basic morphostructural features of Pre-Paleogene basement of the Upper Thracian Depression and its cover." Geologica Balcanica 22, nr 4 (30.04.1992): 57–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.52321/geolbalc.22.4.57.
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The results of the detailed geologo-geophysical research in the Upper Thracian Depression are presented. Original geologo-structural map is drawn up in scale- 1:100 000, revealing Pre-Paleogene basement relief. The existing of the generalized longitudinal blocky structures - Stryama-Harmanli horst and Momino-Marbas-Sokolitza trough, is proved. The Maritza trough is extended south-eastwards and it is suggested, that during the Paleogene wider negative depression region, including in the area of Upper Thracia the north-western parts of the contemporary Borovishka volcano structure of the East Rhodopes depression , has existed. The concept for the existing of the so-called "Chirpan step" as elevated cross blocky structure in the Pre-Paleogene basementis is not confirmed. The relative tectonic independence of the Plovdiv and Zagora depressions and their entity in the structure of the Upper Thracian Depression is reflected as a result of the development and the interaction of the regional deep fault as early as the Upper Cretaceous time. The regularities in the disposition of terraced and mosaic small block structures from higher rank are determined. Maps of the isothickness of the Paleogene and Neogene and maps of the upper boundary relief of the Paleogene are drawn up. They give a complete idea for the inner structure of the Upper Thracian Depression. For the predominant part of the studied area the Neogene inherits the direction of the tectonic movements of the Paleogene . Separate sections with diverse direction of the vertical movements, as well as with horizontal slip fault and left rotation shifting are delineated. It is suggested, that the Late Alpine tectonic of the region is controlled by the basic longitudinal structural elements of the PrePaleogene basement. The received largescale pattern about the geological and lithostratigraphic evolution of the separate fault-blocky structures enables to assert that the block-stratified structure is typical for the upper part from the section of the earth crust in the Upper Thracian Depression.
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Sowa, Wojciech. "Thracian". Palaeohispanica. Revista sobre lenguas y culturas de la Hispania Antigua, nr 20 (1.05.2020): 787–817. http://dx.doi.org/10.36707/palaeohispanica.v0i20.377.
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Thracian belongs to the group of languages spoken over the entire period of Antiquity in the areas of south-eastern Europe (mostly the Balkans) and which, like other vernaculars spoken in this and neighbouring areas, had died out by the end of the Roman period leaving but scanty evidence. This chapter provides an introduction into the state of our current knowledge about the Thracian language and epigraphy and the perspectives of research of this language. Since our comprehension and understanding of grammatical system of Thracian is limited, the current knowledge of the language makes any translation of attested inscriptions impossible. It is however expected that the progress in studying development and history of the Greek script may provide us with new and relevant data for interpretation of Thracian.
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Huxley, G. L. "Thracian Hylas". Journal of Hellenic Studies 109 (listopad 1989): 185–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/632048.
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In a recently published fragment of an elegiac poem about gods who loved youths mention is made of stories about Apollon and Hyakinthos, Dionysos and Ampelos, and Herakles and Hylas. In the third tale Hylas is called a Thracian–⊝ρἡïκος) Ύλα. However, Hylas was a Dryopian by birth, because his father Theiodamas was a Dryopian of Mount Oita. There is no sign that the Dryopians were of Thracian stock. The difficulty has prompted the comment that the poet either used a version of the Hylas-myth unknown to us or was deficient in knowledge of Greek geography.Some Dryopians migrated to the Argolid. Their presence near Argos may be recalled by Hyginus in the words Hylas . . . ex Oechalia, alii aiunt ex Argis, but, as the editors of the elegiacs insist, ‘neither location justifies “Thracian”; nor does his disappearance which A <pollonius> R<hodius> places near Cius in Mysia’.
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Bilde, Pia Guldager, Birgitte Bøgh, Søren Handberg, Jakob Munk Højte, Jens Nieling, Tatiana Smekalova i Vladimir Stolba. "Thracian inland sites". Archaeological Reports 54 (listopad 2008): 123–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0570608400000910.
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Herman, Gabriel. "Patterns of Name Diffusion Within the Greek World and Beyond". Classical Quarterly 40, nr 2 (grudzień 1990): 349–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800042932.
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Thucydides the Historian identifies himself as the son of a certain Oloros (4.104.4) and, since Thucydides was by birth an Athenian (1.1.1), and Oloros is a Thracian name, the question arises how he acquired this Thracian patronymic. According to the view which has gained almost general acceptance, Thucydides of the deme Halimous in Attica owed his Thracian patronymic to a connexion by marriage. The hypothetical reconstruction of the family tree is that Thucydides' Athenian grandfather had married a daughter of Miltiades the Athenian and Hegesipyle, daughter of the Thracian ruler Oloros, and a son of this marriage was called Oloros after his maternal great-grandfather. This Athenian Oloros became, as shown in Figure, the father of Thucydides the historian – an Athenian with a Thracian patronymic.
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STRECHIE, Mădălina. "BUREBISTA, THE DEFENDER AND UNIFIER OF THE DACIANS". BULLETIN OF "CAROL I" NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 11, nr 1 (19.04.2022): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-22-63.
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Burebista was the founder of a genuine empire of the Dacians north of the Danube, not only the first unifier of the Dacians who coagulated them in a state, with a centre of power, with laws and a common religion, but more than that, Burebista was the first of all Thrac
Burebista was the founder of a genuine empire of the Dacians north of the Danube, not only the first unifier of the Dacians who coagulated them in a state, with a centre of power, with laws and a common religion, but more than that, Burebista was the first of all Thracians to succeed in founding a true regional power in the vast world of European antiquity. The brilliant statesman is a model of European leader, being even equal to Caesar, because he defeated the Celts/Gauls like the great Roman general and politician. Burebista defended the borders of all Dacians by stopping the great Celtic/Gallic migration, transforming the Dacian territories into a Dacian Island, strong and unitary, the Celtic/Gallic wave flowing far south of the Danube, far from the border of Burebista's Dacia. The Dacian state of Burebista was created by the military and reforming capacity of the creator, who bequeathed the ideal of unity to this Carpathian-Danubian-Pontic space, proving by his deeds and his imperial creation that power and defence always stand in unity.
ians to succeed in founding a true regional power in the vast world of European antiquity. The brilliant statesman is a model of European leader, being even equal to Caesar, because he defeated the Celts/Gauls like the great Roman general and politician. Burebista defended the borders of all Dacians by stopping the great Celtic/Gallic migration, transforming the Dacian territories into a Dacian Island, strong and unitary, the Celtic/Gallic wave flowing far south of the Danube, far from the border of Burebista's Dacia. The Dacian state of Burebista was created by the military and reforming capacity of the creator, who bequeathed the ideal of unity to this Carpathian-Danubian-Pontic space, proving by his deeds and his imperial creation that power and defence always stand in unity.
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Radoynova, Diana. "Reviving the Thracian Heritage at the Begliktash Sanctuary: Admired, Problemed, Real". Cultural and Historical Heritage: Preservation, Representation, Digitalization 6, nr 1 (2020): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.26615/issn.2367-8038.2020_1_006.
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The article presents one of the most interesting archaeological sites in the Burgas region - the Thracian sanctuary Begliktash near the town of Primorsko. It was discovered by archaeologists only in the early 21st century. An attempt was made to trace his short journey from complete obscurity to a popular tourist destination, a scene of various attractions and local cultural value. Tourist visits undoubtedly enliven the Thracian sanctuary. The issue is whether each attraction turns it into a "living cultural heritage". Keywords: Thracian sanctuary Begliktash, revitalizing, living cultural heritage
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Wiewiorowski, Jacek. "The Defence of the Long Walls of Thrace (Μακρά Τείχη τῆς Θρᾴκης) under Justinian the Great (527–565 A.D.)". Studia Ceranea 2 (30.12.2012): 181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2084-140x.02.15.
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The paper discusses the question of the defence of the Long Walls of Thrace (Μακρά Τείχη τῆς Θρᾴκης) or the Anastasian Wall (Αναστάσειο Τείχος) under Justinian the Great (527–565 A.D.). Emperor Anastasius I (491–518 A.D.) probably put an end to the vicarius Thraciarum, the head of administration of the late Roman Diocese of Thrace, establishing two vicars instead. One of them was responsible for the defence of the Long Walls of Thrace while the other was a purely civil officer. Both vicars governed the area of the Anastasian Wall also in the first years of Justinian’s reign. This administrative framework was useful for the defence of Constantinople itself but it also gave rise to certain problems. When Justinian reformed the provincial administration and abolished all vicariates in 535 A.D., he replaced the vicars of the Anastasian Wall with praetor Iustinianus Thraciae (Nov. Iust., XXVI – a. 535). Next year, the emperor created the peculiar post of quaestor Iustinianus exercitus (Nov. Iust., XLI). The territory of the quaestura contained the provinces Moesia Secunda and Scythia Minor, located in the lower Danube region, as well as the provinces of Cyprus, Caria and the Aegean Islands. In turn, the responsibilities of the Praetor of Thrace were confined to the region of the Anastasian Wall. The new post combined the functions of military officer and head of civil administration. The nature of praetor Thraciae is discussed in the light of Nov. Iust., XXVI and compared with analogous praetors established in the provinces of Paphlagonia and Pisidia (Nov. Iust., XXIV–XXV), as well as other data. After the fall of John of Cappadocia in 541, Justinian revoked some administrative reforms, restoring the vicariate of Pontica and restoring former powers to the comes Orientis who played the same role as a vicar in the Diocese of Oriens. In the Balkans, Justinian left the post of quaestor Iustinianus exercitus intact. Meanwhile, the function of the preator Thraciae, which proved to be inefficient, as the incursions of the Slavs (ca. 550) and the Kutrigur Bulgars in 559 had shown, was possibly abolished. The repairs of the Anastasian Wall needed to be conducted after the great earthquake in 557 A.D. by Justinian himself, which indirectly demonstrates the weakness of administration under praetor Thraciae or the earlier abolishment of the post. It is likely that instead Justinian reinstated the post of the vicar of Thrace, who became a civil administrator over the part of the former Diocese of Thrace limited to the provinces of Europa, Haemimontus, Rhodopa and Thracia, a function which was probably more suited to overseeing construction undertakings conducted at the time in the Balkans.
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Kaczyńska, Elwira. "Trackie πιτύη ‘skarbiec’ jako nazwa zbiorowa". Język. Religia. Tożsamość. 1, nr 29 (5.06.2024): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.5688.
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The article discusses the origin of the Thracian noun pitúē (πιτύη) f. ‘treasury’, preserved as an explanatory gloss in the ancient Scholia in Apollonium Rhodium (I 933). Most linguists believe that the gloss in question is etymologically unclear. It is suggested that Thracian pitúē represents a nomen collectivum, derived from the Indo-European archetype *pitús m. ‘nourishment, food’ by means of the collective suffix *-uu̯ā (< PIE.*-uu̯eh2), which is productive in Baltic and Slavic. The Thracian word pitúē must have originally denoted ‘a collection of food, food stock, food products’, from which secondarily ‘food repository, store-house, magazine’, and finally ‘treasury’, as well as ‘treasure’.
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Markopoulos, Th. "On Macedonian and Thracian Greek Wines". Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review 13, nr 4 (sierpień 2020): 37–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25103/jestr.134.04.
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Kuleff, Ivelin, Totko Stoyanov i Milena Tonkova. "Gold Thracian appliques: authentic or fake?" ArchéoSciences, nr 33 (31.12.2009): 365–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/archeosciences.2484.
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Hlebec, Boris. "Thracian Reading of the Lemnos Stele". Филолог – часопис за језик књижевност и културу 17, nr 17 (30.06.2018): 217–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21618/fil1817217h.
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Nikolov, Bogdan. "The Thracian Silver Treasure From Rogozen". Southeastern Europe 13, nr 1 (1986): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187633386x00014.
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Nicol, D. "The Date of The Thracian Wonder". Notes and Queries 55, nr 2 (1.06.2008): 223–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/notesj/gjn045.
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Grbic, Dragana. "The Thracian hero on the Danube new interpretation of an inscription from Diana". Balcanica, nr 44 (2013): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/balc1344007g.
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The paper looks at some aspects of the Thracian Hero cult on the Danube frontier of Upper Moesia inspired by a reinterpretation of a Latin votive inscription from Diana, which, as the paper proposes, was dedicated to Deo Totovitioni. Based on epigraphic analogies, the paper puts forth the view that it was a dedication to the Thracian Hero, since it is in the context of this particular cult that the epithet Totovitio has been attested in various variants (Toto-viti- / Toto-bisi- / Toto-ithi-).
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Paliga, Sorin. "The social structure of the south-east European societies in the moddle ages – a linguistic view". Linguistica 27, nr 1 (1.12.1987): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.27.1.111-126.
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The purpose of this paper is to review several terms spread over a quite large area in South-East Europe. The starting point of our investigation is the Romanian language understood as inheriting an important Thracian vocabulary, specifically referring to the social and political structure of the Early Middle Ages. The terms discussed are not exlusively Romanian. In fact, they reflect - roughly speaking - the ancient extension of the Thracian speakers, i.e. the present-day territories of Romania, Bulgaria, Soviet Moldavia and parts of South- and South-West ·ukraine, Slovakia, Hungary and Yugoslavia.