Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Traitement oxydant”
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Ovize, Michel. "Modele experimental d'infarctus du myocarde reperfuse : application a l'etude d'un traitement anti-oxydant ; resultats preliminaires". Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO1M228.
Pełny tekst źródłaPECULIER, MARIE-FRANCE. "Traitement par lavage oxydant d'atmospheres contaminees en aldehydes legers. Contribution au developpement des melangeurs statiques dans le traitement de la pollution gazeuse". Rennes 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REN10137.
Pełny tekst źródłaDécorps, Johanna. "Efficacité de l'acide alpha-lipoïque (traitement anti-oxydant) dans la prévention des escarres au cours du vieillissement". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10022.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aging decreases the protective properties of the skin, which predisposes the aging subject to pressure ulcers. This thesis had for objective (1) to test the defence capacities of the skin to resist mechanical stress during aging, (2) identify the factors responsible for the degeneration of the protection capacity of the aging skin and (3) evaluate the effects of a chronic antioxidant treatment. To meet this three objectives, the cutaneous responses to pressures of different intensities together with the pressure ulcer incidence following a prolonged ischemia were studied on 3 different ages of rats: young (6 months), mature (12 months) and aged (24 months). Those 3 stages of aging were studied on 2 different rat strains: “Brown Normay”, healthy aging model with an accrued longevity and “Wistar”, control rats. Complementary studies allowed identifying the mechanism who leads to a diminution of the protective capacities of the skin. In particular, the vascular dysfunctions (endothelial and smooth muscular cells), the sensory nervous dysfunctions, the modifications of the skin structure and the viscoelastic properties were evaluated. The efficiency of the anti-oxidant treatment was estimated focusing principally on the effects on the nervous and vascular capacities, the structure of the skin and the impact of the pressure ulcer. The results show that the aging induces a more or less early alteration of the protective properties of the skin in response to pressures, more or less precocious depending on the strain of the rat. The decrease of the natural defences is associated to a vascular dysfunction (endothelium with the Wistar rats), the progressive installation of a sensory peripheral neuropathy and a deterioration of cutaneous viscoelastic properties with the two strains of rats. These deteriorations do not reflect systematically the fragility of the aged skin towards pressure ulcers, modulated by the state of the subcutaneous adipose tissue. The chronic anti-oxidant treatment allows to reduce several dysfunctions but has induced contradictory effects between the two studied strains of rats towards the incidence of pressure ulcers
Paloc, Rissons Véronique. "Procédé de traitement d'un mélange air-hydrogène sulfuré par lavage basique oxydant avec génération électrolytique interne du chlore". Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20149.
Pełny tekst źródłaAit, Lachgar Khadija. "Oxydation ménagée du n-butane : modification des performances catalytiques du pyrophosphate de vanadyle par ajout de α-Sb2O4 ou par traitement oxydant". Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10364.
Pełny tekst źródłaRugale, Caroline. "Traitement des atteintes cardiovasculaires et rénales au-delà de la baisse de pression artérielle chez le rat : interaction entre système rénine-angiotensine-aldostérone, apport en sodium et stress oxydant". Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON1T002.
Pełny tekst źródłaThabet, Sana. "Impact du traitement photocatalytique sur les cellules eucaryotes fongiques : vers la compréhension des mécanismes d'action". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10248.
Pełny tekst źródłaPhotocatalysis is an advanced oxidative process that generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inactivates living cells. The aim of this work was to have a better understanding of the antimicrobial mechanisms generated by photocatalytic treatment. The cellular impact was monitored using the unicellular fungal model, Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast. Photocatalysis reduces drastically the cultivability of yeast cells. Flow cytometry analyses revealed that the decrease of cell cultivability was related to both damages in plasma membrane and loss of intracellular enzymatic activity. During exposure to photocatalysis, multiple cellular macromolecules are damaged (lipids, proteins, nucleic acids). These damages are responsible for cellular structure dysfunction leading to a release of intracellular compounds (ions, amino acids) and the formation of by-products and pollutant (carboxylic acids, malondialdéhyde). The increase of intracellular superoxide ions amounts and the higher resistance of yeast strains overexpressing ROS detoxifying enzymes suggested an intracellular oxidative status responsible for described macromolecular damages. Finally, exploring photocatalytic treatment on other environmental and health impact fungi revealed the presence of resistant cells or structures. For the first time, an interdisciplinary work focusing on cellular impacts of photocatalysis was monitored leading to a better understanding and to new perspectives
Lechaudel, Anne. "Valorisation du sulfate ferreux dans la synthèse de ferrates (VI) alcalins et leurs applications dans le traitement des eaux". Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10322.
Pełny tekst źródłaNeveux, Schmitt Nathalie. "Voie de synthèse originale de ferrates (VI) alcalins stabilisés et leurs applications potentielles dans le traitement des eaux". Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10243.
Pełny tekst źródłaSghaier, Randa. "Caractérisation des activités cytoprotectrices de molécules utilisées dans le traitement de la sclérose en plaques (diméthyle fumarate, monométhyle fumarate, biotine) sur des oligodendrocytes 158N : impact sur le stress oxydant, le statut mitochondrial, le statut lipidique, l’apoptose et l’autophagie". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCK048/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaOxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and alterations in lipid metabolism are a common denominator of neurodegenerative diseases (MN), such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Under oxidative stress conditions, excess cholesterol is removed by oxidation, producing oxysterols. In humans, the 7β-hydroxycholesterol (7β-OHC) is often found at increased levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and/or plasma of patients with MN, including MS.In this context, a preliminary clinical study on CSF and plasma of patients with RR MS was carried out to search for lipid metabolism and oxidative stress biomarkers and to determine the possible correlations between 7β-OHC and the different mechanisms associated with the MS pathogenesis. An in vitro study was conducted to evaluate the biological activities of three molecules used in the treatment of MS, dimethyl fumarate (DMF) and its major metabolite, monomethyl fumarate (MMF), and biotin on 158N murine oligodendrocytes, and to determine their cytoprotective potentialities by focusing on their ability to oppose the toxicity of 7β-OHC. For this, spectrophotometric, analytical and molecular biology techniques were used.Our results have shown an increased level of HODE associated with an enhancement of oxysterol levels in the plasma, notably 7KC and 7β-OHC, as well an alteration in fatty acid metabolism in the CSF and plasma of patients with SEP. The in vitro study revealed that DMF, MMF, and biotin can counteract the deleterious effects of 7β-OHC namely; cell death by oxiapoptophagy defined by the association of apoptosis, autophagy and oxidative stress. Moreover, these molecules correct the structural modifications and the disequilibrium of the redox status characterized by an overproduction of radical oxygen species, an increased activity of the principal antioxidant enzymes and an amplification of the macromolecules oxidation induced by the 7β- OHC. They also attenuate the mitochondrial and peroxisomal dysfunctions, the alterations of myelin protein expression as well as the lipid profile disorder induced by 7β-OHC.Our study provides arguments in favor of the ability of DMF, MMF, and biotin, to attenuate the major events associated with the death of oligodendrocytes which could contribute to demyelination. This reinforces the interest in these molecules for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases including MS
Hamza, Letissia. "Réactivité du graphite, magnésium et uranium, déchets nucléaires des réacteurs UNGG, dans des hydroxydes fondus". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025UPASP004.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is part of the SELF France 2030 project, which proposes a water-based oxidative pretreatment of metallic nuclear waste in a NaOH-KOH-H₂O salt melted at 225⁰C before conditioning in cementitious matrices. This process inserts the metal waste and ensures the safety of the disposal package. The thesis work was therefore devoted to studying the reactivity of the main metallic nuclear wastes - graphite, magnesium, and uranium - in molten NaOH-KOH salt at 225⁰C. The first part concerns the NaOH-KOH mixture (51.5 - 48.5 mol%) melted at 225⁰C to acquire thermodynamic and experimental data on its chemical and electrochemical stability. Gravimetric and electrochemical studies show that the mixture contains 15 mol% water at 225⁰C, which is characteristic of high water solvation in this medium. The redox properties of the salt were studied by electrochemistry coupled with gas-phase micro-chromatography (μGC). Reactions at the anodic and cathodic limits are strongly influenced by water content: in hydrated media, the cathodic limit corresponds to the reduction of H₂O to H₂, whereas in dehydrated media, it is the reduction of Na⁺ that limits the electroactivity range. The anodic limit is attributed to the oxidation of OH⁻ to O₂ in media with water contents above 8.7 mol% and to the oxidation of OH- to O₂⁻ for lower contents. The electrochemical study enabled us to calculate the water activity coefficient in the molten hydroxide mixture at 225⁰C. The result confirms the high solvation of water in this medium. Water is the oxidizing element in the medium, so it was important to monitor its content in situ. Therefore, a calibration line based on measuring the water reduction peak current - Ipc =f([H₂O]) - was established, enabling water to be measured in the various experiments. The activity coefficient of NaOH was also determined electrochemically. This set of experimental data was used to calculate the stability diagram of the NaOH-KOH salt as a function of potential and water content. Finally, controlling and maintaining the amount of water was proposed to ensure continuous oxidation of metallic waste. The second part of this thesis was dedicated to studying the reactivity of graphite, magnesium, and uranium in molten hydroxides containing water at 225⁰C. This study showed that graphite is stable in molten hydroxides. This study showed that graphite is stable in molten hydroxides. According to thermodynamic data, magnesium can be oxidized by water or Na⁺ ions, forming a pyrophoric compound of H₂ or Na. However, experimental studies show that H₂O continuously oxidizes magnesium, and electrochemically, magnesium oxidation is observed at a higher potential than Na⁺ ion reduction. Furthermore, Mg oxidation kinetics are proportional to water concentration at lower water contents, characteristic of cathodic dissolution control. At higher water contents, the oxidation kinetics reach a limit that depends on the active surface of the magnesium, giving anodic control of the dissolution. For industrial implementation and to manage waste dissolution kinetics and H₂ formation, it is recommended to start with a dehydrated molten salt and continuously add water. We calculated a stability diagram for magnesium in the medium based on all these experimental data. Concerning the behavior of uranium in molten salt, thermodynamic calculations show that uranium is preferentially oxidized to K₂UO₄. Gas chromatography analyses confirmed uranium oxidation by water, and experimental studies proposed a reaction mechanism
Ossamy, Rodrigue Bertrand. "An algorithmic and computational approach to local computations". Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR13067.
Pełny tekst źródłaHei, Zhiliang. "Targeting acute myeloid leukemia through redox modulation by the drug combination of auranofin and vitamin C". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASL082.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe homeostasis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide species (NOS), along with the dynamics of redox processes, is crucial for regulating cell fate and maintaining normal cell function. Cancer cells typically maintain a persistent pro-oxidative state compared to normal cells. In fact, in cancer cells, cellular events such as activation of oncogenes, aberrant metabolic stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and in some cases, defective antioxidant systems, can increase ROS levels, leading to intrinsic oxidative stress. This pro-oxidative state, along with their reliance on antioxidant systems for survival, provides a therapeutic window for selective targeting. Molecules that either generate ROS or inhibit antioxidant systems can elevate ROS levels beyond a critical threshold that is incompatible with cancer cell survival, without causing significant damage to normal cells. This concept forms the biological basis for redox-based anticancer therapy. The work described here aims to investigate the redox-based anticancer activity of the combination of auranofin (AUF) and vitamin C (VC) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. AUF, an anti-rheumatic drug and known inhibitor of thioredoxin reductases, has been repurposed as a promising anticancer agent. VC, at high pharmacological concentrations, exhibits pro-oxidant properties. Our study demonstrated that the combination of AUF and VC exhibits synergistic toxicity against AML cell lines, effectively eliminating these cells with less toxicity to normal bone marrow stromal cells. The AUF/VC treatment significantly promoted ROS production in both the cytoplasm and mitochondria and markedly increased the levels of oxidized PRDX1 and PRDX3. Additionally, AUF/VC treatment reduced the total ATP content and rapidly decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential in leukemia cell lines. Our research also revealed that AUF/VC treatment impacts various signaling pathways in different leukemia cell lines. In particular, the combination rapidly affected the mTOR signaling pathway and influenced the phosphorylation of 4EBP1 and p70S6K, possibly independent of the classical mTOR pathway, leading to a rapid inhibition of total protein synthesis in cells. This rapid inhibition of protein synthesis may contribute to cell death in leukemia cell lines. We evaluated the therapeutic effect of AUF/VC using 22 AML samples collected from patients. At pharmacologically achievable concentrations, the AUF/VC combination effectively killed a substantial number of primitive AML cells in the majority of samples tested with less toxicity to normal hematopoietic cells. Colony-forming unit assays confirmed that the AUF/VC combination had potent activity against AML stem/progenitor cells while sparing some normal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Overall, these results provide new insights into the anticancer mechanisms of the AUF and VC combination. This combination of two non-toxic and readily available drugs could be effective against AML and potentially other cancers with similar redox properties. Further preclinical studies of this combination could pave the way for new redox-based anticancer therapies
Behrooz, Eshkiki Rabi. "Valorisation de fibres de papiers récupérés par traitement chimique de délignification : réactivité des pâtes mécaniques et chimiques". Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPG0001.
Pełny tekst źródłaRecycled pulps fibres originate from mechanical and chemical pulps mixtures and exhibit important structural and chemical differences. The study herein reported aims at determining significant factors that affect the chemical reactivity of recycled pulps with oxidizing bleaching agents. It was found that the ratio between lignin content and kappa number of pulps was a good oxidability index. The kraft pulp value was 30% lower than the mechanical pulp value. This was imparted to the important role played by phenolic OH groups in lignins. A confirmation of this was obtained by chemical modification of lignin using sodium periodate and diazomethane, by spectroscopic analysis using FTIR and 13C NMR, and by studies on lignin model compounds. Then, an original and simple method was developed for the analysis of the phenolic OH groups in pulps without lignin extraction, so-called in situ analysis. It is based on the selective reaction of chlorine dioxide with phenolic OH groups without action on other structures. The method was successfully compared to 13C NMR analysis. The effects of oxidizing bleaching reagents such as C102, C12, 02, 03, and alkaline treatments were also evaluated. The results were in general accordance with the reaction mechanisms presented in the literature. Furthermore, a chemical method for the analysis of quinone groups in lignins was also developed, based on the in situ analysis of phenolic OH groups after quinones reduction. The results could be successfully compared with 31 P NMR spectroscopic analysis, the only available method to estimate an order of magnitude of quinone groups in lignins
Faes, Romain. "Nanotubes de carbonne ultracourts pour la bioimagerie". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0035/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis reports the achievement of ultrashort carbon nanotubes and their biofunctionalization for applications as near-infrared biomarker. Dispersions of carbon nanotubes in aqueous media have been formulated with various surfactants. Oxidizing chemical treatments combined with the application of ultrasounds allowed significant shortening of the carbon nanotubes. Sorting and selection of the shortest nanotubes was done by density gradient ultracentrifugation. The different fractions selected at the end of this process have been characterized by Raman spectroscopy, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Selection of nanotubes of a length below 20 nm is demonstrated. We also show functionalization by antibodies and the visualization of ultrashort functionalized nanotubes by photothermal heterodyne imaging. Promising results were obtained with the specific binding of ultrashort carbon nanotubes to cells. This work open route towards bioimaging applications and in particular towards the study of the synapsis plasticity within alive neurons
Tardy, Philippe. "Les déficits en sulfite oxydase, évaluation par le dosage des sulfites d'une tentative de traitement". Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P028.
Pełny tekst źródłaVivares, Denis. "Interactions en solution et cristallisation de l'urate oxydase". Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066336.
Pełny tekst źródłaVarax, Claire de. "La dépression et ses traitements en 1993". Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P050.
Pełny tekst źródłaThibaud, Hélène. "Contribution a l'etude du mecanisme de formation de la chloropicrine au cours de traitements oxydants : application aux eaux a potabiliser". Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2290.
Pełny tekst źródłaThibaud, Hélène. "Contribution à l'étude du mécanisme de formation de la chloropicrine au cours de traitements oxydants application aux eaux à potabiliser /". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37610253q.
Pełny tekst źródłaEl, Banna Nadine. "La génération du stress oxydant comme stratégie thérapeutique anticancéreuse : Investigation des mécanismes d’action de la vitamine C, de l’auranofin et de leur combinaison". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS232.
Pełny tekst źródłaReactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS, RNS) homeostasis and intracellular reductive/oxidative (redox) dynamics play a key role in regulating cell fate and are critical for normal cellular functions. Oxidative stress via the disruption of redox homeostasis can lead to aberrant cell signaling and toxic oxidative damage of DNA, lipids and proteins, and is therefore associated with human pathologies such as cancers. Cancer cells experience extensive redox deregulation and generally exhibit higher intrinsic basal oxidative stress than normal cells, as a consequence, they are more dependent on their antioxidant systems for survival. Thus, the administration of a drug generating additional ROS / RNS or inhibiting cellular antioxidant systems will exert a selective cytotoxicity towards cancer cells while sparing their normal counterparts. This is the biological basis for « redox-based anticancer therapy ». The work described here aims to investigate the redox-based anticancer activity of vitamin C (VitC) and auranofin (AUF), as single drugs or in combination, in breast cancer model. VitC at high pharmacological concentrations shows pro-oxidant properties. In this study, we showed that VitC anticancer activity against breast cancer cell lines was associated to extracellular and intracellular generation of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), accompanied by the oxidation of intracellular glutathione (GSH). A “redoxome” proteomics approach revealed that VitC induces alterations of the redox state of key antioxidant enzymes and a number of cysteines-containing proteins including many proteins involved in RNA and DNA metabolisms and energetic processes. Cell cycle arrest and translation inhibition are associated with VitC-induced cytotoxicity. Finally, bioinformatics analysis and biological experiments identified that peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) expression levels correlate with VitC differential cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells. AUF, an antirheumatic drug and known inhibitor of thioredoxin reductases, has been repurposed recently as a potent anticancer drug. We showed that AUF acts on both the thioredoxin and GSH systems and its impact on GSH system is essential for its anticancer activity. AUF alters the redox state of a number of nucleic acid-binding proteins involved in cell proliferation, cell division and cell cycle, triggering dNTP depletion and cell cycle arrest. Importantly, we observed that the combination of AUF and VitC reveals a synergetic and H₂O₂-mediated cytotoxicity towards MDA-MB-231 cells and other breast cancer cell lines without much impact on normal cells, thus decreasing the cytotoxic concentrations of AUF or VitC single drug. The anticancer potential of AUF/VitC combinations was validated in vivo on MDA-MB-231 xenografts in mice without notable side effects, while administration of AUF or VitC as a single agent failed to suppress tumor growth. Finally, SILAC proteomics, bioinformatics analysis, and functional experiments linked prostaglandin reductase 1 (PTGR1) expression levels with breast cancer cell response to AUF/VitC combination, thus identifying a potential predictive biomarker. Overall, these results provide new insights into the anticancer mechanisms of VitC and AUF, as single drugs and in combination. In particular, this combination of two non-toxic and commonly available drugs could be efficient against triple-negative breast cancer and potentially other cancers with similar redox properties. Further assessment in preclinical and clinical studies of these drugs and combinations could open new avenues for redox-based anticancer therapy
Fallet, Alexis. "Influence des ions oxydants issus de la dissolution du combustible nucléaire usé sur le comportement des matériaux de structures". Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS009/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe reprocessing of spent nuclear fuels by the PUREX process (Plutonium and Uranium Refining by Extraction) is based on a preliminary stage of dissolution which takes place in hot concentrated nitric acid. The high oxidizing power of dissolution media can induce corrosion phenomena and weaken the structural equipment exposed to it, especially stainless steels such as 304L steel. Although nitric acid is responsible of corrosion, the presence of oxidizing ions (Pu, Np ...) can change the cathodic reaction and bring the steel in its transpassive area where it may undergo intergranular corrosion. Therefore knowledge of oxidizing ions, their oxidation state, their behavior in solution and corrosion is necessary to lead to a better understanding and predict the corrosion associated risks.First, a thermodynamic model based on the heat capacity and the free enthalpies was developed to estimate the stoichiometric activity coefficients, water activities and dissociation coefficients of the binary mixture HNO3-H2O at temperatures above 25°C. The acquisition of these data is a first step in understanding the corrosion behavior of stainless steels in nitric acid in the presence of oxidizing ions.Then, an electrochemical experimental study coupled to analytical techniques enabled to understand the electrochemical behavior of the plutonium in HNO3 medium, in particular the oxidation of Pu(IV) to Pu(V) which was not identified in this medium. The acquisition of data needed for an electrochemical modeling was limited by physicochemical factors so a parametric study with a non-radioactive chemical analogue (Ce(IV)/Ce(III)) was undertaken. The determination of some analogies between plutonium and cerium has enabled to estimate the evolution of thermodynamic and kinetic constants of plutonium in condition of temperature and concentration in HNO3 higher than physicochemical limitations.Finally, the study of the corrosion behavior of 304L steel in HNO3 medium in the presence of oxidizing ions consists of two complementary studies. First a study of the electrochemical corrosion was carried out in the presence of Pu(VI) or Ce(IV). On one hand, it reveals that the Pu(VI) does not control the reduction mechanism (contrary to Ce(IV)). On the other hand, it shows that the corrosion products do not have any influence on the corrosion mechanism and highlights a Ce(IV)-Cr(III) complex which inhibits the reduction of Ce(IV). Secondly a study of chemical corrosion was undertaken through immersion tests. It has improved the knowledge of the dissolution mechanism including highlighting the presence of an extreme surface layer of Cr(VI) that could be related to a grain marking and a preliminary step of intergranular corrosion
Meissner, Wassilios. "Impact des traitements de référence de la maladie de Parkinson sur l'activité des ganglions de la base". Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21270.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe treatment of patients suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD) is complicated by levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) after several years of treatment. The mechanisms underlying the progressive onset and the acute behavioral expression of LID are only partially understood. This work correlates the modifications of electrophysiological activity and dopaminergic transmission within the basal ganglia (BG) to the behavioral expression of dyskinesia in a rodent model. Another interest is the investigation of the mechanisms of action of high frequency stimulation (HFS) of the subthzlamic nucleus (STN) that remains often the last hope for patients suffering from dyskinesia. The effect of STN-HFS on the activity of the BG is studied by using twp complementary approaches based on electrophysiology (extracellular single-unit recordings with multiple electrodes) and neuroanatomy (2-desoxyglucose uptake and cytochrome oxidase mRNA expression) in a rat and non-human primate model of PD
Rolas, Loïc. "Identification de nouveaux facteurs de régulation physiopathologique de la NADPH oxydase du neutrophile : Importance de mTOR, de la dégradation de NOX2 via l’élastase et perspectives de traitement des déficits induits au cours de la cirrhose alcoolique". Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA11T045/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaSuperoxide anion (O2-) production by NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) complex of polymorphonuclear neutrophil (i.e respiratory burst, RB) contributes to efficient elimination of pathogens. This defense function is stimulated by various pro-inflammatory agents, especially by bacterial peptides (fMLP) which trigger a signaling cascade involving many protein kinases (PKC, AKT, MAP-Kinases) resulting in activation of NOX2, also called gp91phox, the catalytic core of the complex. In this thesis, I identified the protein kinase mTOR as a novel major RB effector of healthy neutrophils and I compared its transductional activity in neutrophils from patients suffering from alcoholic decompensated liver cirrhosis, aiming at understanding their high susceptibility to bacterial infections.A major contribution of mTOR to fMLP-induced neutrophil superoxide production was demonstrated using its specific drug antagonist Rapamycin, and by an antisens strategy. mTOR is activated upstream of p38-MAPK which phosphorylates p47phox, a major component of the NADPH oxidase complex. In neutrophils from cirrhotic patients, the RB is dramatically impaired and this was associated with a deficient activation of the p38-MAPK/p47phox(S345) signaling pathway. This RB deficiency was aggravated by Rapamycin. Neutrophils from cirrhotic patients also exhibited a deficient expression of gp91phox (NOX2), p22phox, p47phox and mTOR. A deficient NOX2 expression can be reproduced by treating healthy neutrophils with fMLP or plasma from cirrhotic patients. Furthermore, this phenomenon involved an unexpected proteolytic degradation of gp91phox mediated by elastase. Finally, this deficient superoxide production by neutrophil from cirrhotic patients can be corrected ex vivo in isolated neutrophils and in patients’ whole blood, using a Toll-like receptor agonist that acts by promoting the transcription and traduction of gp91phox .In conclusion, mTOR emerges as a novel and major signaling effector of neutrophil RB, promoting the activation of p47phox/gp91phox through MAPKs. This novel signaling pathway is strongly impaired during alcoholic liver cirrhosis, which increases patients’ susceptibility to bacterial infections. Although our study raises concerns about the use of mTOR inhibitors in immunocompromised patients, it also provides therapeutic propects for correcting neutrophil functional deficiencies using agents capable of stimulating intracellular TLR
Malek, Rim. "Synthèse multicomposant de nouvelles dihydropyridines et dihydropyrimidines pour le traitement de la maladie d'Alzheimer". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCE013.
Pełny tekst źródłaAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is responsible for two thirds of cases of dementia worldwide. Many factors are involved in this disease such as amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, cholinergic deficit, calcium dyshomeostasis and oxidative stress. The approach currently studied to counter the multifactorial nature of AD is to create Multi-Target-Directed Ligands (MTDL). In this work we chose multicomponent reactions to develop MTDL as they allow the incorporation of different fragments in a single step. We used the Hantzsch and Biginelli reactions which lead respectively to 1,4-dihydropyridines and 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones well known as calcium channel blockers (CCB). We integrated different fragments inspired from melatonin, pitolisant, selegiline and donepezil, targeting respectively reactive oxygen species (ROS), histaminergic H3 receptors (H3R), monoamine oxidases (MAO) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The synthesised multitarget molecules were evaluated, some of them are promising hit compounds. A few are potent CCB and antioxidants, other show excellent affinity for H3R and are selective inhibitors of AChE, a product was able to restore memory in mice. Hence the Hantzsch and Biginelli multicomponent reactions allowed us to synthesize easily and rapidly multitarget molecules of potential therapeutic interest for AD
Chaaban, Hind. "Étude cinétique et modélisation des effets des traitements thermiques et de l’environnement physico-chimique sur la dégradation et l’activité antioxydante des flavonoïdes". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0065/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe objectives of this thesis are to study the effects of a heat treatment and the physicochemical environment on the stability of 6 flavonoids of different structure and on the evolution of their antioxidant activity. The heat treatment conditions were as follows: (i) heating under isothermal conditions for 2 h at temperatures ranging from 30 to 130 ° C and (ii) heating under non-isothermal conditions by microcalorimetry (30 to 130 ° C, 4 ° C / hour). The flavonoids were solubilized in water. We found that the glycosylated flavonoids are more resistant than the aglyconic flavonoids. The calculated degradation activation energies also depend on the structure of the flavonoid. To degrade, glycosylated flavonoids require high energy relative to the aglycone form. Exposure to light was carried out for 15 days with and without oxygen, the experimental control being a dark storage with and without oxygen. The degradation of flavonoids is influenced by the presence of light and by the amount of oxygen. The molecules have a different sensitivity according to their structure, the following classification is obtained according to: naringine, ériodictyol then rutin, luteolin, luteolin 7-O-glucoside and finally the mesquitol. Indeed, the presence of a hydroxyl group at position 3 and a C2-C3 double bond reduces the stability of the flavonoids. Furthermore, it has been observed that, despite the total degradation of certain flavonoids by the heat treatment and the physical-chemical environment, the treated solutions retain an antioxidant activity
Trabelsi, Souhaila. "Etudes de traitement des lixiviats des déchets urbains par les procédés d’oxydation avancée photochimiques et électrochimiques : application aux lixiviats de la décharge tunisienne "Jebel Chakir"". Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1122/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaPas de résumé en anglais
Valloggia, Sylvie. "SPECTROSCOPIE DE PHOTOLUMINESCENCE LOCALE DANS LES SEMICONDUCTEURS MASSIFS (Si, InP) ET LES PUITS QUANTIQUES (GaAs/GaAlAs)". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37619041b.
Pełny tekst źródłaBolduc, Virginie. "Relation entre la structure et la fonction des artères cérébrales dans l’athérosclérose : impact des traitements cardioprotecteurs". Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8301.
Pełny tekst źródłaLarge artery stiffness and endothelial dysfunction are markers of atherosclerosis. Stiffening of the carotid arteries contrast with the paradoxical increase in distensibility of cerebral arteries that was reported in the presence of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension. However, our knowledge concerning the influence of atherosclerosis on cerebrovascular compliance and structure remains incomplete. By targeting the endothelium, atherosclerosis induces a severe cerebral endothelial dysfunction affecting chronically the cerebral blood flow and potentially leading to cognitive dysfunctions. Few studies have shown that the paradoxical increase in cerebrovascular distensibility is consistently reported in animal model of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases exhibiting a cerebral endothelial dysfunction. That being said, we hypothesized that the compliance and structure of cerebral arteries is essentially controlled by the endothelium. To validate our hypothesis, in a first study, we selected three distinct therapeutic approaches that modulated the cerebral endothelial function and the mechanical stress imposed to the vascular wall by lowering heart rate in a mouse model of atherosclerosis, LDLr-/-; hApoB-100+/+ during three months. Ivabradine, metroprolol and voluntary physical training protected, with different efficiencies, the cerebral flow-mediated dilation and this was reflected by a prevention, or not, of the increase in compliance. A 13.5 % heart rate reduction with ivabradine and metoprolol limited carotid artery stiffening. Voluntary physical training did not induce an overall reduction of heart rate explaining the lack of effect on carotid mechanics and suggesting that carotids compliance is more influenced by the mechanical stress imposed to the vascular wall by the cardiac cycle. In a second study, we confirmed our previous findings using a diatery approach that targeted more directly the endothelium, the polyphenol antioxidant catechin. Catechin was previously proven, by us and others, to reverse endothelial dysfunction, reduce inflammation and neutralize reactive oxygen species in diverse vascular beds from animal models of atherosclerosis. Accordingly, we found that catechin prevents adverse cerebral wall remodeling but, again, without a significant heart rate reduction, carotids remained stiff. We also integrated a new live imaging technology allowing us to confirm our findings in vivo and to demonstrate that endothelial, structural and mechanical protection by catechin can result in an improvement of basal cerebral blood flow. Finally, both studies identified metalloproteinase -9 as a potential player in the process leading the weakening of the cerebral artery walls. Taken together, our studies highlight that structural and biomechanical alterations are genuinely triggered by endothelial dysfunction. In carotids, mechanicals stress seems to be the main factor controlling remodeling. In essence, indirect protection of the endothelium impedes in cerebral vessels the remodeling processes, such as the activation of metalloproteinase -9. Numerous studies have revealed that vascular, especially cerebral endothelial dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. When brain perfusion is compromised, the suboptimal energy delivery causes neuronal death. Deleterious cerebrovascular outcomes that promote the impairment of vasodilation and the encroachment of the lumen will limit cerebral blood flow in a chronic manner. Chronic treatment with ivabradine, voluntary physical training and catechin preserved the endothelial function, the structure and the mechanics of cerebral arteries, which guarantees a closer management of cerebral blow flow in atherosclerotic mice and a reduce propensity to develop cognitive deficiency.
Thèse réalisée en cotutelle avec Dre Christine Des Rosiers