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Debœuf, Stéphanie. "Transitions et coexistence solide-liquide dans les matériaux granulaires". Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00202523.
Pełny tekst źródłaDeboeuf, Stéphanie. "TRANSITIONS ET COEXISTENCE SOLIDE-LIQUIDE DANS LES MATERIAUX GRANULAIRES". Phd thesis, Institut de physique du globe de paris - IPGP, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00202523.
Pełny tekst źródłaL'étude expérimentale de la transition d arrêt d'un empilement après un écoulement de surface met en évidence l'existence de relaxations de durée bien supérieure au temps de relaxation d'un grain sous l'action de son poids. Celle-ci est constituée de phases de relaxation et de réactivations liées à des déplacements corrélés des grains, prises en compte dans un modèle statistique.
L'étude numérique d'un empilement incliné en deçà de l'angle d'avalanche met en évidence l'influence du domaine métastable –au-delà de l'angle de repos– sur ses propriétés hystérétiques au cours de cycles quasi-statiques. Le réseau des contacts faibles est très affecté par le passage dans le domaine métastable. Les corrélations entre micro-structure, contrainte et déformation sont discutées.
Enfin, l'expérience d'un écoulement non confiné sur plan incliné permet d'étudier la loi d'écoulement dans le cas de la coexistence solide-liquide. Les caractéristiques s´electionnées par l'écoulement (épaisseur, largeur, vitesse) évoluent lentement avec le temps. La prise en compte de l'existence d'une couche basale statique permet de retrouver la corrélation entre épaisseur coulante et vitesse, comme pour un écoulement confiné, et de prédire la morphologie des dépôts (présence ou non de levées).
Macadre, Remi. "Étude expérimentale d'émulsions d'eau-dans-huile denses dans un écoulement Couette Plan Annulaire". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEP110.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe subsea extraction of petroleum encompasses the transport of concentrated water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions, stabilized by natural oil-soluble surfactants, like asphaltenes, acids and alcohols, in horizontal pipelines over long distances, up to 50 km. Due to these long residence times, flow configurations are liable to change from fully-stratified to fully-dispersed or vice-versa, including an intermediate stratified-dispersed state. These transitions are driven by processes such as sedimentation, shear-induced migration and coalescence. These processes are influenced by liquid and interface properties, dispersed-phase concentration, flow regimes, and drop size. This Phd focuses on horizontal flows of concentrated W/O emulsions.Unique experimental methods and apparatuses are designed in order to locally visualize the flow of such emulsions. By introducing various components in water and in an alkane oil, refractive index matching is achieved between both phases, while controlling the density difference. The control of density difference allows for the study of the interplay between buoyancy and hydrodynamic forces, which is primordial to study particle migration in dispersed-phase flows. Velocity profiles are obtained with Particle Image Velocimetry by introducing fluorescent particles in the oil phase while phase topologies are obtained with adding a fluorophore inside the oil phase as well.Static-bed experiments are carried out in a static-bed apparatus, providing results regarding the metastability of W/O emulsions over long-time periods, where only gravity controls the coalescence process. Shear-flow experiments are performed in an Annular Plane Couette device, representing a plane Couette curved around itself. This geometry is selected for its periodicity and its ability to present a vertical plane of shear in the same direction as gravity.By studying the transition from stratified-dispersed to fully-dispersed flows, different regimes have been highlighted. These regimes are : the bed-expansion, the wavy, the drop-ejection and the fully-dispersed regime. Starting from an emulsion bed left at rest at the bottom of the APC channel, the rotation speed of the top annular lid is increase, up until the fully-dispersed regime. At low shear rates, the emulsion bed expands until it reaches an equilibrium height. At medium shear rates, the emulsion bed is destabilized and emulsion waves are formed along the azimuthal direction, which statistics have been computed with a wave detection algorithm. At high shear rates, the waves are highly deformed, isolating water droplets, surfing atop of waves, from their emulsion cluster and its high viscosity. This leads to their ejection in breaking waves, which gradually depletes the emulsion bed. Finally, the fully-dispersed regime is reached when the emulsion bed has dissapeared and the entire channel is filled with water droplets. In this regime, the migration of droplets is controlled by shear-induced diffusion. The transitions between each regime are shown to be dependent on a single critical Froude number, from low values to high values of this dimensionless parameter.The metastability of these concentrated W/O emulsions are also studied by comparing the results between static-flow and shear-flow experiments. These results showed that in static conditions, the W/O emulsion is highly metastable (no coalescence over few months of observations), while in shear flows, the same W/O layer coalesced up until a fully-continuous layer of water phase is formed. This may be explained by the unique characteristics of such emulsions, which are stabilized by multilayer of surfactant micelles, and these multilayers are pierced by the shear rate.This knowledge will help to build new transport models for accurate sizing of industrial devices dealing with two-phase flow of emulsions (pumps, mixers, phase separators …)
Félix, Gwenaëlle. "Ecoulements de milieux granulaires en tambour tournant. Étude de quelques transitions de régime. Application à la ségrégation". Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00089234.
Pełny tekst źródłaMedelfef, Abdessamed. "Transitions d'écoulements en cavité chauffée latéralement : application à la croissance cristalline". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEC018/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaHydrodynamic instabilities in laterally heated cavities play an important role in some material processing techniques such as the horizontal Bridgman process. Indeed, the fluid (liquid metal to be solidified) is the seat of a thermoconvective circulation due to the existence of a horizontal temperature gradient which is likely to become unsteady via oscillatory instabilities. The knowledge and the control of these instabilities are thus essential in order to be able to improve the quality of the crystals obtained by this technique. In this thesis, we are first interested in the instabilities of the convective circulation in a three-dimensional cavity of dimensions 4×2×1 (length × width × height). Thanks to the numerical continuation techniques, we were able to obtain the stationary and oscillatory solutions, as well as their stability, until the appearance of the quasi-periodicity according to the Grashof number Gr and for a Prandtl number Pr ranging from 0 to 0.025.Then, the effects induced by a rotation of the cavity around the vertical axis parallel to gravity (for a possible control of the instabilities) are studied and a one-dimensional model developed during this thesis was first considered. This analytical model, although simplified, is in very good agreement with the observations of the atmospheric flows (deviation of the fluid masses towards the right of the component of the dominant velocity and thermal winds). The linear stability of this flow as well as an energy analysis at the thresholds are then performed as a function of the rotation rate given by the Taylor number Ta and the Grashof number Gr for a Prandtl number Pr ranging from 0 to 10. Through this model, we have been able to show that the rotation has a stabilizing effect on this type of flow.We finally focused on the effects of this type of rotation on the steady fully threedimensional flow observed in the cavity 4×2×1 at low Grashof numbers.We have highlighted two flow regimes: a regime dominated by convection where the fluid circulation, deviated by the rotation, occurs in the diagonal of the cavity, and a second regime dominated by rotation where the fluid circulation is concentrated in the so-called Ekman and Stewartson boundary layers. A very good agreement is observed between the simplified analytical model and the three-dimensional numerical simulation
Medelfef, Abdessamed. "Transitions d'écoulements en cavité chauffée latéralement : application à la croissance cristalline". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEC018.
Pełny tekst źródłaHydrodynamic instabilities in laterally heated cavities play an important role in some material processing techniques such as the horizontal Bridgman process. Indeed, the fluid (liquid metal to be solidified) is the seat of a thermoconvective circulation due to the existence of a horizontal temperature gradient which is likely to become unsteady via oscillatory instabilities. The knowledge and the control of these instabilities are thus essential in order to be able to improve the quality of the crystals obtained by this technique. In this thesis, we are first interested in the instabilities of the convective circulation in a three-dimensional cavity of dimensions 4×2×1 (length × width × height). Thanks to the numerical continuation techniques, we were able to obtain the stationary and oscillatory solutions, as well as their stability, until the appearance of the quasi-periodicity according to the Grashof number Gr and for a Prandtl number Pr ranging from 0 to 0.025.Then, the effects induced by a rotation of the cavity around the vertical axis parallel to gravity (for a possible control of the instabilities) are studied and a one-dimensional model developed during this thesis was first considered. This analytical model, although simplified, is in very good agreement with the observations of the atmospheric flows (deviation of the fluid masses towards the right of the component of the dominant velocity and thermal winds). The linear stability of this flow as well as an energy analysis at the thresholds are then performed as a function of the rotation rate given by the Taylor number Ta and the Grashof number Gr for a Prandtl number Pr ranging from 0 to 10. Through this model, we have been able to show that the rotation has a stabilizing effect on this type of flow.We finally focused on the effects of this type of rotation on the steady fully threedimensional flow observed in the cavity 4×2×1 at low Grashof numbers.We have highlighted two flow regimes: a regime dominated by convection where the fluid circulation, deviated by the rotation, occurs in the diagonal of the cavity, and a second regime dominated by rotation where the fluid circulation is concentrated in the so-called Ekman and Stewartson boundary layers. A very good agreement is observed between the simplified analytical model and the three-dimensional numerical simulation
Liu, Chen. "Dynamique critique à la transition d'écoulement et comportements de fluage des systèmes amorphes : modélisation mésoscopique". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY066/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaAmorphous systems deep blow the glass transition, as well as colloidal glasses at high packing fractions,concentrated emulsions, foam systems, etc. exhibit divergent microscopic relaxation time scales and flowonly upon a large enough external loading. This dynamical phase transition of amorphous systems fromthe apparent solid state to the apparent liquid state mediated by the external loading, is called theyielding transition. This transition is studied throughout this thesis by a mesoscopic modeling approach,specifically versions of the so-called elasto-plastic model.After introducing a general background of the glass transition and experimental systems, that are thetarget of the elasto-plastic model description, a formulation of the elasto-plastic model, slightly differentfrom the conventional ones used in the literature, is introduced for incorporating both the shear ratecontrol and the stress control protocols. It is also shown that the mean-field Hebraud-Lequeux model canbe derived from the spatially resolved elasto-plastic model by assuming some approximations.Using the shear rate control protocol, the yielding transition is firstly probed by studying the shearrate dependence of the avalanche statistics close to criticality. A crossover from a non mean-field behaviorto an apparent mean-field behavior with respect to an increasing shear rate is evidenced. Scaling laws in thezero shear rate limit, support the idea that the yielding transition belongs to a non mean-field universalityclass of a dynamical phase transition. The dependence of the symmetry of the average shape of the stressdrops on the stress drop duration, the system size and the shear rate, leads to the interpretation that stressdrops at finite shear rates result from the superposition of individual avalanches possessing a cooperativelength and time scale.By studying the macroscopic stress fluctuation, the cooperative length scale l_c is identified as thecrossover size below which the scaling relation with the system size 1/L^d implied by the central limittheorem breaks down. Further a saturation time scale T_c can be defined in the analysis of the timeseries of macroscopic plastic strain rate. Below this time scale one observes the manifestation of Browniandynamics. The saturation time for systems of sizes smaller than the cooperative length l_c scales withthe system size as a power law T_c~(l_c)^z, which can be interpreted as the scaling relation between thecooperative time and the cooperative length of individual avalanches.Further using the stress controlled protocol, the yielding transition is studied by simulating typical creep experiments of the amorphous systems. The mesoscopic models (the elasto-plastic model aswell as the mean-field Hébraud-Lequeux model) are shown to be capable to reproduce the response ofthe macroscopic shear rate to an imposed stress slightly above the yielding point in qualitatively goodagreement with several experiments. Within the mesoscopic modeling approach, the results reveal thatthe creep behavior depends strongly on the initial condition of the amorphous system submitted to creepexperiments
Bilger, Nicolas. "Étude micro-mécanique de l'effet de la présence d'amas d'inclusions sur la transition fragile-ductile d'aciers nucléaires". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2003. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001070.
Pełny tekst źródłaLaurent, Célia. "Étude d'écoulements transitionnels et hors équilibre par des approches DNS et RANS". Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00834850.
Pełny tekst źródłaSoualmia, Amel. "Structure et modélisation d'écoulements internes de gaz et de liquide à phases séparées". Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT132H.
Pełny tekst źródłaGhazi, Hala. "Modélisation d'écoulements compressibles avec transition de phase et prise en compte des états métastables". Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT4074/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe main objective of this work is the modelling of liquidvapor phase change and the understanding of the apparition of metastable states which appear in the van derWaals equation of state (EOS). A metastable state corresponds to a gaseous (or liquid) state which, after a slight perturbation, changes into the liquid (or gaseous) state quickly. In the first part, we first study all the properties of the van der waals EOS in its isothermal and non-isothermal representations. Then, we study the optimization problem under constraints, which allows us to characterize the thermodynamic equilibrium and the maximum number of phases that may be present at the thermodynamic equilibrium. We construct three dynamical systems in the isothermal case, which minimize the Helmoltz free energy and whose equilibria coincide with the thermodynamical equilibrium . They are the stable and metastable liquid and vapor states and the coexistence state. Finally, this technique is extended to the non-isothermal case where we construct two dynamical systems satisfying the same properties. In the second part, we are interested in the coupling of thermodynamics with the fluid dynamics. We first study the Riemann problem for the isothermal p-system with a van der Waals EOS coupled to the Maxwell correction. Then, we stuy the travelling waves of a relaxed p-system in order to understand the discontinuities of its equilibrium system. Finally, dynamical systems constructed in the first part are coupled to isothermal and non-isothermal two-phase hyperbolic systems. Numerical results are presented throughout this manuscript to illustrate the theoretical results we obtained
Decruppe, Jean-Paul. "Contribution à l'étude de la biréfringence d'écoulement à la transition : écoulement de Couette, tourbillons de Taylor". Metz, 1988. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1988/Decruppe.Jean_Paul.SMZ8814.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe optical anisotropy gained by numerous solutions as well as by pure liquids when submitted to the action of an orientating field, is capable of bringing valuable pieces of information on the structure of this field as well as on the physical properties of the particles in solutions. The study of the optical properties arising from this anisotropy only requires the use of a lenearly polarized beam of light on which the medium is going to leave this own characteristics by changing the state of polarization of the light. The flow is created in a conventional Couette cell. It is well known that, in this type of geometry, the hydrodynamical flow undergoes several transistions leading at first to more and more complicated periodical flows, and then, to the turbulence as the angular velocity of the inner rotating cylinder is increased. The aim of this work is to study the behaviour of the properties induced by the flow at the first transition, to work out the theoretical laws controlling this properties and to see in which extend, we can deduce the intrinsec characteristics of the particles. The variation of the extinction angle and of the birefringence intensity is studied at the middle point of the annular gap as a function of the shearing gradient and, for different values of the gradient, as function of the position in the gap. The comparison between the experimental and theoretical curves shows a good agreement in the case of flattened particles (bentonite) but less convincing results for rodlike particles (V. M. T. )
Nybelen, Laurent. "Etude numérique d'écoulements tourbillonnaires de sillage d'avion". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00450477.
Pełny tekst źródłaHarich, Rim. "Etude expérimentale de la transition de blocage d'un milieu granulaire vibré dense". Paris 6, 2010. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00559024.
Pełny tekst źródłaFurfaro, Damien. "Simulation numérique d'écoulements multiphasiques, problèmes à interfaces et changement de phase". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4751/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work deals with the numerical simulation of compressible multiphase flows in velocity disequilibrium. A HLLC-type two-phase Riemann solver is developed and validated against exact solutions and experimental data. This solver is robust, simple, accurate and entropy preserving. The numerical method is then implemented in 3D unstructured meshes. Furthermore, a numerical technique consisting in enforcing the correct energy partition at a discrete level in agreement with the multiphase shock relations is built. The multiphase extension of the HLLC-type Riemann solver is realized and allows the simulation of a wide range of applications. Finally, a droplet heat and mass transfer model with large range of validity is derived. It is valid in any situation: evaporation, flashing and condensation. It accounts for coupled heat and mass diffusion in the gas phase, thermodynamics of the multi-component gas mixture and heat diffusion inside the liquid droplet, enabling in this way consideration of both droplets heating and cooling phenomena
Izarra, Léonard De. "Apport des méthodes cinétiques à la simulation d'écoulements dans les milieux poreux". Thesis, Orléans, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ORLE2001/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) have been applied very successfully to hydrodynamic flows in porous media. However, the limitation of these methods to isothermal and hydrodynamic flows, make them inadequate to simulate gas flows in micro-porous media. Indeed, in these conditions, the mean free path of the molecules could be of the same magnitude order as the pore size in which gas flows. Such flows will not be in hydrodynamic regime, but in regimes qualified of, slip or transitional ; for which the LBM are no longer valid. On the other hand, the isothermal character of LBM make them unusable, for example, in the case where the gas undergoes expansion through the media. It is then necessary, to take the kinetic point of view to describe such flows and phenomena. The proposed approach is based on the decomposition of the distribution function on the Hermite polynomials basis and the use of Gauss-Hermite quadrature associated with this projection. The systematic nature of this development naturally leads to consider different order of approximation of the Boltzmann-BGK equation in various quadratures. It then follows from these various approximations, a family of discretizations of the Boltzmann-BGK equation, whose classical LBM are a member. Determining the most suitable approximation is achieved by systematic analysis of the results obtained with different approximation orders. These methods are successfully tested in model cases
Roland, Nicolas. "Modélisation de la transition vers la turbulence d'écoulements en tuyau de fluides rhéofluidifiants par calcul numérique d'ondes non linéaires". Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPL037N/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe transition to turbulence in pipe flows of shear-thinning fluids is studied theoretically. The method used is the computation of `exact coherent structures' that are tridimensional nonlinear waves. For this purpose a pseudo-spectral Petrov-Galerkin code is developped, which also allows to follow solution branches in the parameter space with continuation methods. This code is validated by recovering already published results in the Newtonian case, and by a consistency test in the non-Newtonian case. A spectral exponential convergence is obtained in all cases. This code is used to seek (guided by recent experimental results) new solutions of fundamental azimuthal wavenumber equal to 1,without success at the time being. On the contrary solutions with a fundamental azimuthal wavenumber equal to 2 and 3 are obtained by continuation from the Newtonian case. The shear-thinning effects induce, in terms of critical Reynolds numbers, a delay for the onset of these waves, as compared with the Newtonian case. This delay is characterized. An analogy is made with various experimental results that show a delay in the transition to turbulence, more precisely, in the onset of `puffs', in non-Newtonian fluids
Lochon, Hippolyte. "Modélisation et simulation d'écoulements transitoires eau-vapeur en approche bifluide". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4726/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis deals with the modelling and the computation of steam-water two-phase flows. Liquid water flows are involved in many industrial facilities and a second phase may appear in some transients situations. Thus, pressure wave propagation and mass transfer are physical phenomena that need to be properly included in the modelling of such two-phase flows. A statistical two-fluid approach is used, leading to models similar to the Baer-Nunziato one. They include both convective and source terms without any assumption on the equilibrium between phases. Different closure laws for such models are compared on steam-water transient experiments including water-hammers and fast depressurization of liquid water. The computation of the different models is based on a fractional step method. A new convective scheme, able to deal with any Equation Of State, is used in the first step of the method. When compared with other schemes, it appears to be accurate, efficient and very robust. The second step of the method is dedicated to the treatment of source terms and requires several implicit schemes. Particular attention is paid to the verification of every scheme involved in the method. Convergence studies are carried out on test-cases with analytical solutions to that purpose. Based on existing work on fast depressurization of liquid water in an homogeneous approach, a new formulation of the mass transfer is proposed. Many comparisons between computational and experimental results are detailled in order to validate the models
Cranga, Julie. "Simulation numérique directe d'écoulements di- et tri-phasiques engendrés par l'injection de bulles dans un bain de métal liquide". Toulouse, INPT, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPT015H.
Pełny tekst źródłaPHAM, Chi-Tuong. "Stabilité et dynamique d'écoulements de fluides parfaits barotropes autour d'un obstacle en présence de dispersion". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006825.
Pełny tekst źródłaLegros, Brian. "Flow control in dual-bell nozzles : optimisation of operating mode transition using radial secondary fluidic injection". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ORLE1008.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe control of the operating mode switch in a dual-bell nozzle is studied through radial annular secondary fluidic injection positioned downstream of the inflexion point in the nozzle's extension profile. The objective of this study is to enhance the performance of the nozzle and demonstrate its potential as an alternative to conventional nozzles with sub-optimal efficiency. The study employs experimental and numerical approaches, including a parametric investigation into the impact of the presence of an injection slot, the position of the injection in the nozzle's extension, and the use of a secondary gas with properties different from air. Analysis of the results reveals the nozzle's sensitivity to the surface condition of the divergent, where the presence of a discontinuity alters the nozzle pressure ratio (NPR) at which the switch in operating mode occurs and reduces lateral loads. Secondary injection demonstrates the ability to significantly increase the NPR at which these changes in operating modes occur while reducing lateral loads.The study of the injection position confirms the optimisation potential of the dual-bell nozzle to enhance its performance. Experiments with a different secondary gas show more significant improvements than with air, thereby overcoming scientific challenges associated with this technology
Perrier, Vincent. "Modélisation et simulation d'écoulements multiphasiques compressibles avec ou sans changement de phase : application à l'interaction laser-plasma". Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13560.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work deals with the modelling and simulation of compressible flows. A seven equations model is obtained by homogenizing the Euler system. Fluctuation terms are modeled as relaxation terms. When the relaxation terms tend to infinity, which means that the phases are well mixed, a five equations model is obtained via an asymptotic expansion. This five equations model is strictly hyperbolic, but nonconser- vative. The discretization of this model is obtained by an asymptotic expansion of a scheme for the seven equations model. The numerical method is implemented, validated on analytic cases, and compared with experiments in the case of multiphase shocks. We are then interested in the modelling of phase transition with two equations of state. Optimization of the mixture entropy leads to the fact that three zones can be separated: one in which the pure liquid is the most stable, one in which the pure gas is the most stable, and one in which a mixture with equality of temperature, pressure and chemical potentials is the most stable. Conditions are given on the coupling of the two equations of state for ensuring that the mixture equation of state is convex, and that the system is strictly hyperbolic. In order to take into account phase transition, a vaporization wave is introduced in the solution of the Riemann problem, that is modeled as a deflagration wave. It is then proved that the usual closure, the Chapman-Jouguet closure, is wrong in general, and a correct closure in the case when both fluids have a perfect gas equation of state. Last, the solution of the Riemann problem is implemented in a multiphase code, and validated on analytic cases. In the same code, models of laser release and thermal conduction are implemented to simulate laser ablation. The results are comparable to the ones obtained with scale laws. The last chapter, fully independent, is concerned with correctors in stochastic homogenization in the case of heavy tails process
Margalida, Gabriel. "Analyse expérimentale et contrôle actif de l'écoulement dans un compresseur axial mono-étagée durant la transition vers le décrochage tournant". Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENAM0039.
Pełny tekst źródłaOver the past decades, the aviation sector has continuously grown, and the number of passengers carried has increased considerably. At the same time, increasingly restrictive policies have been put in place to reduce our environmental impact, especially by reducing CO2 emissions. In this context, engine manufacturers try to design more efficient engines, leading to the use of operating points closer to the stability limits and to higher loading of the compressor stages. However, these regions are more sensitive to the onset of rotating stall, and manufacturers seek to avoid them by using large security margins. Two major problems must therefore be addressed, extending the operating range of the compressor by moving its stability limit and being able to know precisely the position of its operating point to reduce the security margin.Moreover, even if the phenomenon of rotating stall is now globally well understood, recent studies have highlighted new onset mechanisms. Thus, in order to correctly handle the two main challenges cited before, it is necessary to improve our knowledge of the underlying mechanisms of the phenomenon inception. This PhD thesis follows this approach by proposing a study of the rotating stall onset, and then the development and analysis of a surveillance and active flow control system, using continuous or pulsed jets, which aims at warning of the approach of sensitive areas and expanding the operating range of the compressor by preventing the onset of stall
Latrech, Oussama. "Τurbulence cοntrοl in a diverging pipe flοw : Stabilizing Edge States and Reducing Energy Dissipatiοn". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMLH17.
Pełny tekst źródłaWhen driving fluids through pipes, the increased friction losses associated with turbulence are responsible for the majority of the energy used, corresponding to nearly 10 % of the global electric energy consumption. If one wants to succeed in reducing our energy footprint, discovering innovative ways to efficiently pump fluids is crucial.It is now understood that turbulence is organized around a set of unstable invariant solutions. By implementing bespoke control schemes, it is possible to force the flow into a more energetically favorable region of the phase space.This thesis focuses on the subcritical transition to turbulence in various divergent pipe configurations through detailed numerical simulations. It was found that larger divergence angles generally reduce the critical Reynolds numbers required for the onset of turbulence, though this effect varies with specific pipe configurations such as sudden expansion pipe. The influence of divergence angle and Reynolds number on the positioning of stationary turbulent puffs and the reattachment points of recirculation zones was also investigated. Notably, larger angles and higher Reynolds numbers cause both puffs and reattachment points to stabilize closer to the expansion point in contrast to the linear growth of the recirculation zones observed in laminar flow conditions.Adopting a dynamical system perspective, the thesis also examines the stabilization of the least dissipative state, known as the edge state, through feedback controls schemes. While complete stabilization was not achieved, significant reductions in viscous drag and enhanced energy efficiency were observed. In a divergent pipe configuration with mirror symmetry, these strategies resulted in substantial energy savings across a broad range of Reynolds numbers. Conversely, in full divergent pipe configurations without symmetry, the effectiveness of these strategies was more limited and restricted to a narrow range around of Reynolds number around the onset of turbulence. Moreover, the robustness and efficiency of these feedback strategies were evaluated under conditions simulating practical operational scenarios, demonstrating their potential applicability in experimental settings.This thesis also analyses the dynamics of edge states in divergent pipe flows, using classical bisection method within the DNS framework Nek5000. We applied these techniques in straight pipes, validating previous research findings and establishing a baseline for further comparative analysis in more complex geometries. Subsequently, the method was applied to a sudden expansion pipe configuration where edge tracking revealed significant challenges due to the flow’s tendency to quickly revert to turbulence due to a potential linear instability. Finally, the algorithm was applied to a gradual expansion pipe, where quasi-periodic bursting events were observed, initiating a self-sustaining cycle of turbulence driven by convective mechanisms and shear layer instability
Cherubini, Stefania. "Instabilité globale linéaire et non linéaire d'écoulements de couche limite attachées ou décollées sur une plque plane". Phd thesis, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00006225.
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