Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Urbanisation durable”
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Agha, Pierre. "La "ville durable" : la planification du troisième type". Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUUA001.
Pełny tekst źródłaGuichard, Pauline. "Urbanisme et développement durable : urbanisation et pouvoir local sur la Côte d'Azur". Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE0002.
Pełny tekst źródłaEnvironmental concerns and sustainable development have been progressively creeping into studies and documents on city planning; just how these themes and preoccupations came into being over the course of time must be made clear. The rise of sustainable development is here analysed through texts produced in the field of city planning and environmental law, and through the urban policies developed in the Maritime Alps over the last half-century. Many are the themes that constitute the notion of sustainable development, themes that were present in city planning discourse well before the notion appeared as such; its significance stands out all the better when compared to the practices in city planning engaged in during two distinct periods: the one preceding the emergence of sustainable development and that which explicitly integrates this norm. The issue developed puts political power at the heart of the analysis: the social norm of “sustainable development” has legal effects and constitutes an essential element of a political strategy that best serves the middle classes. For half a century, a major part of the latter population group was able to pass from the mere dream of a lifestyle organised around individual home ownership and the realisation of that dream: henceforth, it is paramount to protect this “established right” rather than to continue “wasting” that space. Two elements of this strategy of sustainable development appear to be particularly significant: transfers of powers and inter-municipal links, on the one hand, and new conceptions of urban densities, on the other hand; both will give rise to relative analyses of agglomeration of the French Riviera, and notably the lower valley of the Var comprising an Operation in the National Interest (OIN/ONI Eco Valley). This will provide the opportunity to notice that the local power of the French State, far from becoming reinforced, on the contrary, is fading out in the redistribution that is taking place; thanks to inter-municipal links, the power of large towns has not stopped growing to the detriment of the smaller ones. At the same time, the growing success of the theme of “city planning projects” underlines the liberal orientation, adopted long since, in the area of city planning
Morand, Lucie. "Le plan : outil générateur de stratégies d’urbanisation durable. Cas d’étude sur Xiamen en Chine. Analyse d'une planification environnementale à l'avant-garde en Chine, réalisée grâce à la production de cartes et de plans urbains novateurs". Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1047.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe doctoral research investigates how the current Chinese planning approaches can provide new tracks of environmental strategies, with effective planning solutions adapted to the speed and scale of its urbanization.In this perspective, the research intends to analyze the case study of Xiamen City in the Fujian’s Province of China, whose city planning achieved to balance economic and urban growth, meanwhile winning numerous international awards and green labels for its urban living quality. Since 1997, Xiamen is considered as a pioneer in successful environmental planning in China, with smart development strategies represented within an original Master Plan Design.The hypothesis of the study is to consider the key role of Master Plans in the city’s environmental choices and realizations. In one hand, plans are used as a central tool for creativity, using graphic codes and design strategies in order to innovate city concepts. In another hand, plans are no longer designed for only functional or communication purposes, but are also mediator documents between the different actors and protocols of the project, assuring the link between the concept and the built reality. From this point of view, we explore how Xiamen used the Master plan as a planning tool to engage the city development into environmental strategies which have been successfully realized. The research focuses on three axes of analysis: historical heritages and modern evolution of urban representations in China; innovations in urban design techniques using new codes, tools, or technologies; and assessment of construction sites in accordance with the project plan
Raffaud, Fanny. "L'urbain, l'environnement et le développement durable en France : essai d'analyse, Revue Urbanisme 1964-2000". Pau, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PAUU1003.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe sustainable development themes are crossed with urbanism interrogations and concerns. In one hand, this is an attempt to describe the evolution of ideas related to urbanism from the 20th century and their relationship with an environmental approach and in the other hand, this aims to lead to a reflection about the urbanism works and their systems of formations. With this intention, the principal source of investigation selected is articles from the "Urbanisme" magazine listed over the 1964/2000 era. It is question to identify elements being able to refer itself to durability and to repair the interrogations relating to the definition of trade
Mardiansjah, Fadjar Hari. "Urbanisation durable des territoires et politiques de développement urbain en Indonésie : étude de trois kabupaten en voie d’urbanisation rapide dans l’île de Java". Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1187/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaUrban change in Indonesia has been faced to an increasing pattern in which the urbanization process has also been taken place in a regional scale. In this process, small and medium cities have also been facing the densification process of urban growth and facing the process of concentration of urban activities. However, not all of small and medium cities in Indonesia can be considered prepared to face the process of urbanization as well as densification and the concentration of urban activities; because not all of them are municipal cities that are prepared for managing the development and urbanization process. Most of them are non municipal towns, which are located in the territory of kabupaten, a non urban region in Indonesia. This research focuses on the process of urbanization of kabupaten in Indonesia, which has formed and developed small and medium cities as the place where most of the urban growth in the kabupaten took place. The objective of the study is to contribute, in this context, to the understanding of the mechanisms of urban development of small and medium cities in developing countries, with reference to the situation in the kabupaten in Indonesia. The research analyses the urbanization process in the kabupaten, and the policy responses of local government to meet the demands of the urbanization process in the region, in responding the pressures of urbanization of their region. The study focuses on two main contexts. The first context is the urbanization process in the kabupaten, especially those in the Java Island, the densest populated island in the archipelago. The region is also the first region to know the regional dimension of urbanization since the 1980s, which resulted in the increase of the urban population in the kabupaten. In addition, this analysis also relates to the comprehension to the key problems arising in the urbanization process of the kabupaten, in the perspective of sustainable development. The second context is the analysis of urban development policies adopted by the local authority and the weaknesses of the government of the kabupaten in dealing with their urbanization process. From the comparative element resulting from the analysis of these institutions to urban development in the kabupaten, the research will confront the local perception on urban development, the policies adopted to deal with the problems, and the weaknesses in urban development policies at the local level. By doing so, the research puts into perspective the conditions for a possible improvement in the local capacities in managing their urbanization and urban development process, their alignment with local realities and their relevance to the challenges of sustainable development. Hence, it is expected that this study provides a better understanding regarding current conditions and how to improve the future of urban development institutions in the kabupaten, in accordance with sustainable development issues
Rocha, Diniz Fabiano. ""Eau-urbanisation", une utopie a la Bresilienne. Drainage et amenagement dans la region metropolitaine de Recife". Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030176/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis dissertation questions the underplaying of drainage systems in the urban development in Brazil. Neglected by the territorial planning system of the Recife Metropolitan Region, the stormwater was for a long time considered only by the hydrical and sanitation point of view and seen only as obstacle to be surmounted. In the Beberibe River Basin, such attitudes created a condition in which inadequate drainage is associated to poor living conditions, leading communities to live in a risk situation. The failures of biased urban policies are provoking a reassessment of the principles which guided urban drainage. Such reassessment is creating a view which recognizes the inter-sectorial integration, the complexity of the territories and the community participation in the decision-making process of planning and urban management. This analysis points to a process which follows a world trend of bringing together urban planning and sanitation programs, from which the notion of environmental sanitation and sustainable development of urban drainage emerges. This study follows two approaches: one diachronic, which demonstrate the history of thoughts and actions, and another synchronic, which reveals the interconnection between the water management initiatives. Therefore, the study of three experiences in the metropolitan Region of Recife reveals the particularities of the Brazilian case. The term "water-urbanization" is used in this dissertation to describe the interaction between the stormwater management and the spatial planning perspective. In an incomplete regulatory framework and considering the national challenge to improve the extent and the quality of the water management, such idea reveals itself as a utopia
Mardiansjah, Fadjar Hari, i Fadjar Hari Mardiansjah. "Urbanisation durable des territoires et politiques de développement urbain en Indonésie : étude de trois kabupaten en voie d'urbanisation rapide dans l'île de Java". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00995601.
Pełny tekst źródłaAssama, Mpouo Philippote Rose Cady. "Urbanisation diffuse, développement durable et déplacements : les exemples de la Bretagne et de l'Est-du-Québec. L'enjeu des déplacements dans un monde rural en résistance". Thesis, Brest, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BRES0002.
Pełny tekst źródłaRural areas are generally under-equipped and their populations are consequently forced to go frequently to localities that are better equipped with shops, medical supplies, access to leisure activities and, of course, jobs. But the means of moving, other than the individual car, are no less deficient. Mobility is therefore a crucial issue. The refusal to leave these territories and the desire of some to settle there imply to overcome this disadvantage and to become resistant to what is continually presented as inavitable. The Centre-Ouest Bretagne and Bas-Saint- Laurent, Quebec, found themselves in this situation : parishes of the second were even threatened with closure, with displacement of their populations. But these two territories have found the moral resources and remarkable actors to mobilize them, in order to counteract the fatal fate that has been diagnosed to them. The thesis relates their entry into resistance, presents the actors and shows, in the travel register, the means implemented to overcome, at least in part, the difficulties caused by the dispersion of populations
Hubert, Emmanuel. "Gouvernance et vulnérabilités du territoire péri-industriel : Méthodologie d'aide à la réflexion pour une maîtrise de l'urbanisation efficace et durable vis-à-vis du risque industriel majeur". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00781162.
Pełny tekst źródłaPoyat, Yannick. "La cartographie des services écosystémiques rendus par les sols : un nouvel outil pour des projets d'urbanisme durable". Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://theses.scd.univ-tours.fr/index.php?fichier=priv/2018/yannick.poyat_8186.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn France, the expansion of urban areas has followed an almost linear evolution since the 1990s, increasing by about 57,000 ha per year. This situation is unsustainable because urbanization induces the destruction of a nonrenewable natural resource essential for the maintenance of human welfare : the soil. Soil knowledge is perceived as a constraint in urban planning in so far as it contributes to questioning the destructive aspect of urban projects. However, given the dichotomy between pedology and urbanism, we can hypothesis that local politicians do not have knowledge of environmental and socio-economic issues related to soil conservation. A survey work was therefore conducted with local politicians to understand the relationship between representations and practices. Results show that the soil is preserved as soon as the ecosystem services it supports are broadly reconised. Knowledge of this social value can be seen as a prerequisite for designing decision support tools to integrate sustainable soil management into urban planning processes
Kouzmine, Yaël. "Dynamiques et mutations territoriales du Sahara algérien : vers de nouvelles approches fondées sur l'observation". Besançon, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00256791.
Pełny tekst źródłaFor a century, the Algerian Saharan territories have been characterized by strong social and spatial mutations. Spatial and economic integration, which started with the French colonization, increased after the independence as a result of the State’s voluntarism. The progressive and massive urbanization around 1950 deeply reconfigured the Saharan territories and led to the emergence of different kinds of tensions. These environmental, economic and social mutations question today the traditional balances and mechanisms of those territories. The increasing concentration of population generated environmental problems, increase of economic inequalities and, overall, emergence of structural spatial disparities. Considering these phenomena, the spatial planning policy in Algeria has recently integrated the paradigm of sustainable development to generate a more coherent development of territories. This research has two complementary objectives. The first one aims to develop knowledge about the Saharan territories, their structures and related dynamics. This step is based on a multidisciplinary approach which is applied at different spatial levels. The second objective aims at thinking about the contributions of the territorial governance and management concepts and tools, in order to develop an original approach of the observation of Saharan territories
Fournier, Anne. "Localisation des productions agricoles et durabilité des systèmes d’approvisionnement alimentaire en milieu urbain". Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100140/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaOver the past sixty years, the world population has experienced a dramatic surge from 2.5 billion people by the end of World War II, to 7 billion in 2011. This population growth differs from previous episodes not only in importance, but also because of the joint emergence of a new and ongoing trend of rising urbanization. Expected to strengthen worldwide, this trend is a real challenge for the international community in terms of sustainability, especially for food supply. This thesis provides a theoretical treatment of food supply chain sustainability in a context of rapid and unrelenting urbanization. Halfway between economic geography and environmental economics, its primary goal is to allow for a theoretical formalization of ecological and social trade-offs in a spatially explicit framework. Besides, we argue that this issue cannot satisfactorily resolved without paying specific attention to urban-rural interactions. Our work discloses the following major element : because of the tight and inextricable interconnection between urban and rural areas, the ecological assessment of any food supply chain can only be achieved by taking into account both the demographic and physical features of cities
Saadaoui, Rafika. "Nouvelles possibilités d'aménagement et d'urbanisation des lieux urbains limitrophes des zones humides observables sur la métropole de Tunis". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Angers, 2024. https://dune.univ-angers.fr/documents/dune19248.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis research explores the dynamics of urban landscapes developed in a humid environment in the metropolis of Tunis, marked by rapid urban expansion. It adopts a historical-structural approach to analyze the geomorphological formation and a diachronic approach to study the urban evolution around the south lake of Tunis. Supported by historical, cartographic, bibliographical sources and interviews, this approach allows us to highlight the specificities of its development, as well as the moments of continuity and rupture in its transformation. To understand the logics of implantation and examine the urban landscape, a morpho-typological approach is used, involving analyses, multi-scales, monographic and social. It provides an insight into the parameters of integration within the metropolitan and local urban fabric. The integration of wetlands into this urban environment reveals spatial specificities including urban cohesion and a delayed inclusion of urban functions, giving rise to various typologies. This approach also highlights the differences in needs between different stakeholders. This observation highlights the emergence of a new form of urban landscape, characterized by particular socio-spatial dynamics, limited governance and rapid urban expansion, thus threatening the sustainability of the natural landscape. Finally, this research advocates a bio-based approach tomedia to analyse the interaction between urban wetland management and sustainable development requirements in order to develop a decision support tool to assess the sustainability of urban projects and adjust them as necessary
Biswas, Pooja. "Endangered built heritage : understanding economic viability of conservation : a tale of two cities". Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01E061.
Pełny tekst źródłaAchieving sustainable development has been a global concern for decades. The urban situation in most developing countries has been chaotic with a fast-paced unregulated developmental boom. In India, the uncontrolled urban advancement has been an outcome of its rapid urbanisation in nearly every city. Consequently, this is leading to the hasty decline in the urban cultural built heritage, of which the vernacular residential buildings are particularly vulnerable. With the rate at which the traditional buildings are disappearing in growing cities in India (which is a prototype of nearly any developing country) it is not wrong to designate them as the “endangered group” of cultural heritage of current times. While on the one hand rapid loss of old buildings is instigating the problem of loss of identity and authentic urban culture, on the other hand, there is an increasing desire (particularly within a specific section of the society) to adopt an economical approach to conserve old buildings. However, despite the intentions of economising heritage buildings of vernacular types, not everywhere is it being successful. This gap between the intention and outcome is creating a dilemma if conservation of the built heritage of vernacular type is economically viable in developing cities. Building on a combination of a qualitative and quantitative approach, this project, thus, addresses urbanising societies of Vizag and Pondicherry that are experiencing population influx and unorganised and steep increase in demand for real estate and physical infrastructure, the coalescing effect of which is eroding the original character of the city and its living heritage.The research adopts the cost and benefit technique to assess the type of return on investing on conserving old buildings in a city and based on their outcome it analyses the practicality of conserving vernacular-built heritage in the urbanising cities of developing countries such as in India
Eila, Mohammed S. "Sustainability : an effective approach for land use management : application to Gaza City". Lille 1, 2005. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/e681e544-83e0-4671-966a-dff3938bd6e8.
Pełny tekst źródłaFoury, Nazim Fouad. "L'effectivité des instruments de protection et d'aménagement du littoral méditerranéen : cas de l'Algérie". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0220.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe Algerian coastline is characterized by rich natural resources which offer important economic potential. Nonetheless, this part of the country finds itself victim of its own success and have to face a multitude of problems, especially the over-exploitation of its resources which have been amplified by a massive urbanization that is accelerated more and more, but also by pollution and a deterioration of the coastal areas. Moreover, and to best answer the numerous incoherencies that result from these multiple problems that hit the Algerian coastline, the state has to take necessary measures to find a right balance between the use of this space and its preservation. The thorough analysis of the institutional and legal framework put in place by the Algerian public authorities, proves the existence of a real inadequacy in terms of coastal governance, as well as incomplete judicial texts with regards to coastal preservation and development. The primary challenge of the government is to redress these shortcomings, by putting in place an integrated and global management policy of the coast that will allow a balanced and sustained development of this space
Iraqi, Mehdi. "Approches théoriques pour une optimisation géométrique des formes urbaines : vers un aménagement fractal de la ville". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCC027/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis aims to establish a urban structure that optimizes inhabitant's preferences. In other words, we want to find out which city shape answers the best the residents' aspirations, according to their consumption preferences for urban and green amenities. By considering a theoretical field of study and by characterizing the population by a Cobb-Douglas behavioral pattern, we will build step by step a city, assuming successive arrivais of new individuals, in order to find out which geometric shape gives the most suitable answer. The final goal of this thesis is there to suggest a city with a fractal shape as an appro- priate answer to the resident's expectations. We will show that this structure provides indeed both a balance between accesses to urban amenities and accesses to green amenities and a balance between amenities and budget, with an effective distance compensation that satisfies the overall exigencies of the city
Liu, Chunmei. "Déterminants d’un BLM (Building Life Management) dans les villes chinoises en se focalisant sur la maintenance". Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2536.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis seeks to identify what are the determinants os sustainable Building Life Management (BLM) in chinese cities, starting from the observation of the short average lifespan of buildings in the People's Republic of china (PPC) and its impact on sustainable development. This thesis is divided into three parts. The first part highlights the determining variables of BLM in China. In this part, we demontrate thet buiding maintenance is the main lever of suistainable BLM. Sub-optimal maintenance decision-making is a multifactorail and complex phenomenon, influenced by the economic and political conditions governing the agents's decision on maintenance. The second part studies the five fundamental macroeconomic levers framing the decision-making of agents ; we also discuss the miroeconomic levers explaining the behavior of maintenance decision-making and we apply this model to three archetypes of political systems – liberal, traditional socialism, and mixed. In a thirs part, we return to the political system of China by analyzing the specifics of ownership of land, the tax regulation, the Hukou system, the urban planning and the emerging real estate market. From this analysis, we apply the analysis matrix previously presented in order to understand the causes of underinvestment in maintenance in the chinese context
Carneiro, Ferreira Francisco Antônio. "Les réserves de biosphère : une réponse pour concilier développement urbain et conservation de la biodiversité ? : Expériences comparées d’urbanisation et de protection dans trois réserves de biosphères (Brésil, France Chine)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA030019.
Pełny tekst źródłaUrban development is an important driver of environmental change on a global scale, which has exerted enormous pressure on ecosystems thanks to rapidly changing population densities and displacement, particularly migration from rural to urban areas. In this context, in which conservation and development objectives have historically been antagonistic, nature reserves have emerged as the main global strategy for biodiversity conservation. In order to verify the limits and possibilities of reconciling environmental protection and urban development, this study used the perspective of socio-environmental assessment studies, focusing on the issue of relations between society and the environment in urbanization processes around biosphere reserves. In this sense, it identifies different points of intersection between the theme of urban planning experiences and the notion of sustainable development. In the comparative analysis of three biosphere reserve cases - Mata Atlântica (Brazil), Yancheng (China) and Camargue (France) - we examine the experience of occupying of the transition zones of these biosphere reserves, located in coastal areas. The case studies offer additional information to reinforce the hypothesis that the urban development process in transition zones of the reserves has involved the reinforcement of predatory social and ecological strategies of urban and peri-urban occupation. The socio-economic and socio-cultural fragmentation of nature and local communities has contributed to the intensification of environmental pollution indices and the reduction of biological productivity in coastal regions. Finally, the work recognized the importance of strengthening an integrated and participatory planning system capable of correcting and preventing the deterioration of the natural and built environment caused by urban and peri-urban ocupation. it is considered essential to open up interdisciplinary research efforts to explore alternative policies for the sector, such as ecotourism
O desenvolvimento urbano é um importante motor da mudança ambiental em escala global, que tem exercido uma enorme pressão sobre os ecossistemas, graças à rápida mudança das densidades populacionais e deslocamentos, particularmente a migração das áreas rurais para as áreas urbanas. Neste contexto, em que os objetivos de conservação e de desenvolvimento tem sido historicamente antagônicos, as reservas naturais apresentam-se como a principal estratégia global de conservação da biodiversidade. A fim de verificar os limites e possibilidades de conciliar a proteção ambiental e o desenvolvimento urbano, neste estudo utilizou-se a perspectiva dos estudos de avaliação socioambiental, centrando-se na questão das relações entre a sociedade e o ambiente nos processos de urbanização em torno das reservas da biosfera. Nesse sentido, identifica diferentes pontos de intersecção entre o tema da planejamento urbano e a noção de desenvolvimento sustentável. Na análise comparativa dos três casos de Reservas da Biosfera - Mata Atlântica (Brasil), Yancheng (China) e Camargue (França) - examina a experiência de ocupação das áreas de transição dessas reservas biosfera, situadas em regiões costeiras. Os estudos de caso fornecem informações adicionais que reforçam a hipótese de que o processo de desenvolvimento urbano em zonas de transição das reservas envolvem o fortalecimento de estratégias sociais e ecológicas predatórias de ocupação urbana e periurbana. A fragmentação sócio-econômica e sociocultural da natureza e das comunidades locais tem contribuído à intensificação dos índices de poluição ambiental e a diminuição da produtividade em regiões costeiras. Finalmente, o trabalho reconheceu a importância de fortalecer um sistema de planejamento integrado e participativo que possa corrigir e prevenir o agravamento dos verdadeiros focos de deterioração do ambiente natural e construído induzido pela ocupação urbana e peri-urbana. Considera-se imprescindível a abertura do esforço de pesquisa interdisciplinar, para a exploração de políticas alternativas para o setor, como o ecoturismo. Palavras-chave: Urbanização, desenvolvimento urbano-turístico, ocupação periurbana, desenvolvimento sustentável, reservas da biosfera, ecoturismo
Yan, Huijie. "Challenges of China’s sustainability : integrating energy, environment and health policies". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1092.
Pełny tekst źródłaWith the purpose of coping with the intertwined challenges of energy depletion, environmental degradation and public health concerns in the Chinese-specific context in response to sustainable development, we focus on investigating China’s energy, environment and health policies. In chapter 1, we provide an overview of China’s energy, environment and health policies over the past 20 years in order to know about the future policy directions to which the government has not given a sufficient attention. In the following three chapters, we provide a series of empirical studies so as to derive some useful policy implications. In chapter 2, we investigate the impact of urbanization, industrial structure adjustment, energy price and export on provincial aggregate and disaggregate energy intensities. In chapter 3, we study the factors explaining the switches from dirty to clean fuel sources in rural households. In chapter 4, we examine the joint effects of environmental hazards, individual income and health policies on the health status of Chinese adults. Our empirical findings particularly suggest integrating urban development into the strategy of energy saving; considering the complex substitutions/complementarities among energy sources and between energy and food for rural households; aligning the environment, energy and food policies with health policies