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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Usage rights"
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Kusuma Dewi, Komang Lestari, I. Ketut Purna Astha, and Ni Wayan Legi Sugiati Saputri. "Kajian Normatif Problematika Pemindahtanganan Barang Milik Daerah dengan Status Hak Pakai kepada Desa Adat." Jurnal Yustitia 17, no. 01 (2023): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.62279/yustitia.v17i01.1058.
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Regional property in the form of land must be certified in the name of the localgovernment, as in the registration of land rights for local governments in the form of usage rightsor management rights. After the issuance of Government Regulation Number 18 of 2021, landwith the status of usage rights cannot be transferred, especially usage rights for period of time aslong as they are used. The legal ratio for prohibition on the transfer of Regional Property becausethe limitations attached to usage rights owned by the local government are Public Use Rights withthe implication is only right to use not rights of disposal. So it is suggested for the management ofRegional Property by Traditional Villages it would be possible to use the mechanism for utilizationof Regional Property in accordance to the Laws and Regulations.
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Zinych, L. V. "Possibilities Usage Blockchain Technology For Protect Intellectual Property Rights In Ukraine." Actual problems of improving of current legislation of Ukraine, no. 55 (January 17, 2021): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/apiclu.55.14-21.
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In the article the author explores the prospects of using blockchain technologies to protect intellectual property rights. The purpose of this study is to identify the main advantages of this technology, analysis of foreign legislation and proposals for improving existing legislation. The analysis of activity of operating services on the basis of blockchain technology WIPO Proof, Blinded, Ascribe and practice of their application is carried out.
 Promising areas of use of blockchain technology in the field of intellectual property should be: ensuring the automatic storage of data of applications for intellectual property rights; opportunity to confirm intellectual property rights; separations of access rights to the object of intellectual property rights.
 Ensuring automatic storage of data of applicants for intellectual property rights. Services based on blockchain technology allow you to securely store user data. The reliability and completeness of the data rests with the user of the services.
 Ability to confirm intellectual property rights. Analyzing advantages and disadvantages of blochchain technology, it should be noted that this technology will have a positive result in Ukraine, namely build on the basic technology of blockchain register of intellectual property rights. By analogy with the State Land Cadastral to blockchain technology.
 Separation of access right to the object of intellectual property rights. The advantage of this service is the ability to enter into smart contracts, which are confidential because they are stored in encrypted form, reduces time and money. The parties can be sure that the terms of the agreement will be met, and no one will change them.
 In conclusion, blockchain technology has significant prospects and provides an opportunity to qualitatively transform the field of intellectual property in the direction of providing reliable evidence of authorship, facilitating content control and user rights management.
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Cave, Martin, and William Webb. "The unfinished history of usage rights for spectrum." Telecommunications Policy 36, no. 4 (2012): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2011.12.013.
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Rianti, Novia. "STAN PASAR SEBAGAI JAMINAN BERDASARKAN PERJANJIAN TENTANG PEMBERIAN HAK MEMAKAI RUANG (STAN) DI BANK CENTRAL ASIA." Legality : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 26, no. 2 (2019): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jihl.v26i2.7796.
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Space rights agreement is a part of lease agreement. Leasing is an agreement that gives a right called individual rights. It is because the right to lease arises from an agreement between one legal subject to another. Thus, this right can only be accountable to the opponent of the contract in accordance with the principle of privity of contrac. A lease agreement aims at providing the right only to use the property, and not to own it. Therefore, lease agreement only gives individual rights, not property rights. On the other hand, as we know, fiduciary provides object guarantees, which is included in constitutum possessorium (the object transferred remains within the control of the fiduciary giver). The air rights, the market stall, from the agreements of rights granting, are clearly included in individual rights, rather than property, which should not be imposed on fiduciary guarantees. This research is conducted by applying doctrinal research. It adapts statute approach, conceptual approach, and case study for its methodological problem approach. This study analyzes the market stall usage rights as an object from the perspective of security laws and Fiduciary on the usage rights upon a market stall by banks. The results of the research showed that by reviewing it further using air rights perspective, the air rights upon a market stall were included in lease rights. The right to use the stall is not property rights, but is an individual right. It is based on the law of lease rights. In addition, the debtor, as the tenant, only controls the leased objects to make use of it, not for the purpose of owning it. In that way, the lease itself does not result in property rights. However, if it is reviewed further based on the air rights, this can be categorized as an object with security laws, because the air rights fulfill the requirements as an object that can be guaranteed. It is because it has economic value and can be transferred, even though it is approved by another party. Since the air rights are individual right, it cannot be used as a guarantee for pawn, mortgage, and Fiduciary.
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Tudurachi, Adelina-Maria. "Internet Access as a Basic Human Right: An Ongoing European Legal Debate?" ELTE Law Journal, no. 2 (January 20, 2025): 61–85. https://doi.org/10.54148/eltelj.2024.2.61.
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The pervasive use of Information and Communication Technology has inevitably interfered with human rights worldwide. This persistent interaction has led to questioning the legal nature of Internet access itself: is it an autonomous right or an implicit right? This paper examines the relevant case law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in order to assess whether Internet access is today a basic human right. The Strasbourg jurisprudence stems mainly from applications based on freedom of expression and the right to education. The ECtHR applies the binary axiological test: the right for which protection is sought and the competing interest/right provided by the European Convention on Human Rights. So far, it has not explicitly recognised the right to Internet access but rather the Internet’s widespread usage and importance. The Luxembourg case law constitutes proof of the economic dimension of the Union since the CJEU applies a threefold test, depending on the piece of legislation basing the application, and takes a moderate approach to questions involving human rights. Thus, the complementarity of ECtHR and CJEU case law proves that Internet access rather facilitates the exercise of other rights than is an autonomous right. For this reason, limitations are assessed on a case-by-case basis according to the requirements associated with each conventional right’s specific restrictions.
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Pedic, Zana. "INTERCONNECTIVITY AND DIFFERENCES OF THE (INFORMATION) PRIVACY RIGHT AND PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION RIGHT N THE EUROPEAN UNION." Review of European and Comparative Law 30, no. 3 (2017): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/recl.4264.
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Right to (information) privacy and right to personal data protection have many common contact points. However, the very act of developing data protection, as a younger right into the sui generis right shows that these two rights are not the same and that there are differences between them, huge enough to make them separate legal rights. The main trigger for noticing their different nature, purpose and background and for development of the data protection into the separate right was the revolution in the information technology solutions. This IT progress, for the first time, enabled massive and relatively cheap operations with the personal data and brought not only concern about the security of the personal data, but also unbelievable business possibilities. It was the turning point for the codification of the data protection right which started from 1970ies, aiming to create separate rules and legislation which will understand the importance of not only of protecting personal data but of their regulated and lawful usage. Despite all what was said, there is still certain confusion regarding these two rights, mainly because in the initial phase of the massive usage of the new IT solutions, when the data protection legislation still wasn’t developed, information privacy right served as the only legal protection of the data protection right and the relationship between these two rights is complex even today and deserves to be further researched
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Kim, Chang-Joo, Young-Heung Kang, Kyung-Moon Kye, et al. "Analysis of Spectrum Sharing Policy and Spectrum Usage Rights." Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 24, no. 8 (2013): 805–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2013.24.8.805.
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Mustafa, Farid, and Muhammad Ilham Arisaputra. "Publication of Usage Rights Certificates on Ownership Land by the Regional Government for the Development of Public Facilities." Widya Pranata Hukum : Jurnal Kajian dan Penelitian Hukum 4, no. 2 (2022): 190–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.37631/widyapranata.v4i2.683.
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This study aims to determine the legal implications of the issuance of right of use certificates on land owned by individuals, as well as to determine the responsibility of the National Land Agency and the Gowa Regency Government for the issuance of certificates of use rights on land owned by individuals. This study uses an empirical legal research type, which examines and analyzes how the law works in the community. Research results (1) there are no rules governing the transfer of personal rights into state ownership, but in practice if such a thing happens, the legal basis used is Article 131 of the ART/BPN Ministerial Regulation Number 3 of 1997. Where the registration of the abolition of rights itself must accompanied by a statement of release of rights to the state which is signed before the Head of Regency/City BPN. (2) The BPN is also responsible for revoking/cancelling one of the certificates deemed invalid. Meanwhile, the local government of Gowa Regency is responsible for clearing the land without any burden on it. Keywords: Transfer of Land Rights, Use Rights, and Ownership Rights
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Abdullh, Hadi Mohamed, and Sirwan Rauf Ali. "Procedural fine is a remedial sanction for arbitrary usage of procedural rights." Journal of Legal and Political Studies 10, no. 2 (2022): 9–59. https://doi.org/10.17656/jlps.10220.
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The ruling to impose fine for arbitrary use of procedural rights is considered as one of the recognized principles in the modern procedural laws. It is a monetary sanction provided to public treasury as a compensation for the damage harmed the society resulted from the arbitrary use of procedural rights. This is aiming to deter the person who exercises such right in an abusive or improper way. Imposing fine has a dual role; it is a sanction that does not intend to provide a remedy for the private damage harmed the related parties or the third party. It rather intends to provide a solution for the public damage that harmed the public interest. Therefore, the fine that imposed as a sanction to respond the arbitrary use of procedural rights is accomplished through the ruling to impose a monetary amount that should be paid for the interest of the public treasury. This ruling is different with the ruling of paying compensation, being a sanction that has different function compared to the function of latter sanction. Even though the importance of the procedural fine and its practical benefits, it has not fulfilled its function to provide a solution for increased unjustified lawsuits. For that purpose, this research aims to study the provisions of procedural fine as a remedial mean of arbitrary exercise of procedural rights, explaining the attitude of law and jurisprudence related to that issue. Moreover, it aims to explain the factors that contributed to impede this means in Iraq and the way to combat it.
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Leurs, Koen. "Communication rights from the margins: politicising young refugees’ smartphone pocket archives." International Communication Gazette 79, no. 6-7 (2017): 674–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748048517727182.
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Politicising the smartphone pocket archives and experiences of 16 young refugees living in the Netherlands, this explorative study re-conceptualises and empirically grounds communication rights. The focus is on the usage of social media among young refugees, who operate from the margins of society, human rights discourse and technology. I focus on digital performativity as a means to address unjust communicative power relations and human right violations. Methodologically, I draw on empirical data gathered through a mixed-methods, participatory action fieldwork research approach. The empirical section details how digital practices may invoke human right ideals including the human right to self-determination, the right to self-expression, the right to information, the right to family life and the right to cultural identity. The digital performativity of communication rights becomes meaningful when fundamentally situated within hierarchical and intersectional power relations of gender, race, nationality among others, and as inherently related to material conditions and other basic human rights including access to shelter, food, well-being and education.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Usage rights"
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Poux, Victor. "Usage et propriété - Essai sur l'usage partagé d'un bien." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE3062.
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Face à une notion de propriété conçue comme absolue et exclusive, l’usage partagé d’un bien apparaît comme un élément perturbateur. Il limiterait les pouvoirs du propriétaire sur son bien par la reconnaissance d’une pluralité de titulaires de droits sur ce dernier. Pourtant, l’usage partagé d’un bien ressort comme une caractéristique commune à certaines problématiques actuelles. C’est ainsi que la protection de l’environnement et la reconnaissance d’un accès aux utilités de certains biens intellectuels s’inscrivent comme des logiques qui questionnent la propriété. Face à cela, la présente étude propose de s’interroger sur la conciliation possible de l’usage partagé d’un bien et de la propriété. Plus précisément, il s’agit de déterminer si la propriété permet l’inclusion d’autrui dans le rapport d’appropriation. Cette démarche nécessite de sonder les techniques qui pourraient être utilisées à cet effet. La notion d’affectation, caractérisée par l’instrumentalisation d’un bien à une finalité particulière, pourrait prendre une dimension collective qui permettrait la réalisation de l’usage partagé d’un bien. Plus spécifiquement, les potentialités liées à l’émergence de droits réels portant sur des utilités précises d’un bien devront être révélées. Sans procéder à une théorisation nouvelle, l’usage partagé d’un bien et la propriété pourrait alors se concilier<br>Faced with a concept of ownership conceived as absolute and exclusive, the shared use of a good appears as a disruptive element. It is said to limit the owner's powers over his property by the recognition of a plurality of rightholders. Yet, the shared use of a good is a common feature of some current issues. Thus, the protection of the environment and the access to some intellectual property elements, question the notion of ownership. The present study questions the possibility to conciliate the shared use of a good and the concept of ownership. More precisely, the question is whether ownership allows the inclusion of others in the appropriation relationship. This approach requires probing techniques that could be used for this goal. The notion of assignment or the exploitation of a good for a said purpose, could adopt a collective dimension that would allow the realization of the shared use of a good. More specifically, the potentials coming from the emergence of proprietary rights over specific utilities of a good will have to be revealed. Without creating a new theorization, the shared use of a good and ownership could then be reconcilied
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Goguet, Guillaume. "Les droits civils perpétuels en droit français contemporain." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1065.
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« L'indépendance de la durée de vie d'un droit face à l'érosion qui touche inéluctablement un bien ou une valeur protégée », voilà quelle paraît être la définition la plus révélatrice des droits civils perpétuels en droit français contemporain. Cette dernière ressort d'une analyse au terme de laquelle il semble que le système normatif actuel est peu enclin à reconnaître des droits survivants à leurs titulaires. Pis, les instruments juridiques permettant de circonscrire leur domaine sont nombreux, à l'image du plus efficace d'entre eux : la prescription extinctive. Mais ces instruments restrictifs ne sont pas isolés. La nature même du droit peut porter en elle le germe de sa disparition. C'est alors que sont renversés de vieux préjugés. Les droits réels ne sont pas davantage voués à la perpétuité que ne le sont les droits de la personnalité. En outre, là où la prohibition devrait s'imposer aux droits personnels, certains s'en émancipent en fait. C'est alors que la perpétuité se dévoile dans trois droits civils en particulier : le droit de propriété, le droit moral de l'auteur et le droit au nom. Restreints dans leur nombre, ces droits sont cependant privilégiés dans leur régime. En effet, selon la qualité qu'ils revêtent, ils bénéficient de moyens de mise en œuvre et de protection supplémentaires, comme en témoignent la théorie des droits subjectifs ou la reconnaissance de droits fondamentaux. Selon qu'ils sont interprétés comme les premiers ou les seconds, ou voire même les deux simultanément, leur justiciabilité est clairement renforcée<br>« The independence of the life span of a right confronted to the erosion which unavoidably affects a belonging or a protected value », here is which seems to be the most revealing definition of perpetual civil rights in contemporary French Law. This definition springs from an analysis which leads us to think that today's normative system is reluctant to admit surviving rights to their holders. Even worse, there are numerous legal instruments which can be used to restrain their fields of activity, like the most efficient of all: negative prescription. However these restrictive instruments are not isolated. The very nature of a right can carry in itself the germ of its own disappearance. This is on these occasions that old prejudices are knocked over. Real rights are not more dedicated to perpetuity than individual rights. Moreover, if prohibition should be imposed on personal rights, in fact some of them manage to do without it. This is when perpetuity appears in three civil rights in particular: the right to property, the author's moral right and the right to the name. Limited in their numbers, these rights however are privileged in their schemes. Indeed, depending on their quality, they benefit from supplementary means of implementation and protection as the theory of subjective rights or the recognition of fundamental rights testify. Whether they are read as the former or the latter or even both simultaneously, their justiciability is clearly reinforced. However the conclusion of the study may be disappointing as, to tell the truth, perpetual rights are sometimes the victims of real incursions on behalf of the lawmaker or the co contracting party
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Özel, Emre. "On human rights in the context of economic thought : an alternative approach throug the idea of public use of reason." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAB006/document.
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La thèse a pour objectif de développer une relation alternative entre les droits de l’Homme et l’économie. A cette fin est entreprise une analyse approfondie de l’idée d’usage public de la raison. Les concepts fondamentaux de l’économie politique, tels que la société civile et l’État, sont ainsi revisités dans un cadre conceptuel qui est, à l’origine, fondé sur la notion de majorité chez Kant, mais qui, dans le même mouvement, va au-delà de cette notion pour rendre compte du pluralisme de la société civile<br>The dissertation attempts to account for an alternative connection between human rights and economics. It suggests that this connection involves a comprehensive analysis of the idea of public use of reason. The fundamental concepts of political economy, such as civil society and state, are then re-visited within a conceptual framework which is originally based on Kant’s notion of becoming mature, but at the same time, surpassing it in the extent of the pluralistic society
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Jakubauskaitė, Vita. "Nuosavybės teisių atkūrimas į miško žemę Alytaus apskrityje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090603_094403-06443.
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Esminė žemės santykių pertvarka pradėta tik priėmus 1991 m. liepos 25 d. Žemės reformos įstatymą ir 1991 m. rugpjūčio 18 d. Įstatymą “Dėl piliečių nuosavybės teisių į išlikusį nekilnojamąjį turtą atstatymo tvarkos ir sąlygų.
Alytaus apskritis yra pati miškingiausia apskritis Lietuvoje t. p. ši teritorija išsiskiria saugomų teritorijų gausa. Miškų ūkio paskirties žemę Alytaus apskrityje 2008 m. sausio 1 d. duomenimis valdė: 42,83 proc. privatūs miškų savininkai, Nacionalinių parkų valdomos žemės nėra, 55,88 proc. visų apskrities miškų valdė miškų urėdijos, 1,29 proc. valstybinės žemės valdė kiti fiziniai ir juridiniai naudotojai. Per 2004 – 2008 m. laikotarpį privačių miškų ūkio paskirties žemės plotas Lietuvoje kasmet didėjo vidutiniškai po 22713 ha, t.y. 90850 ha per 4 metų laikotarpį, Alytaus apskrityje – po 4548 ha, t.y 18191 ha padidėjo privačių miškų. 2008 m. privatūs miškai sudarė atitinkamai 32 proc. Lietuvoje ir 43 proc. Alytaus apskrityje nuo visų miškų. Skirtingas miškų privatizavimo procentas yra dėl to, kad Alytaus apskrityje didesnius plotus užima valstybiniai parkai ir draustiniai, yra santykinai daugiau valstybinės reikšmės miškų. Atsižvelgiant į Žemės reformos įstatymu sudarytas sąlygas miškų privatizavimui, taip pat į galimybes žemės ūkiui netinkamas naudoti žemes apsodinti mišku bei esant svaiminiam apžėlimui (kas dešimt metų vykdant inventorizaciją yra randama apie 50-70 ha savaime apaugusių miškų),iki žemės reformos pabaigos išliks privačių miškų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]<br>Adoption of the Law on Land Reform on July 25, 1991 and the Law on the Restoration of the Rights of Ownership of Citizens to the Existing Real Property on August 18, 1991 initiated the beginning of the fundamental reformation of the land relations.
Alytus District is the most forested area in Lithuania. Moreover, this territory is famous for its numerous protected areas. The data available on January 1, 2008 show that 42.83 percent of the forest areas belong to private forest owners. Pursuant to this information, the are no any territories owned by the National Parks; 55.88 % and 1.29 % of all forest lands are forestry-owned and belong to other natural persons and legal entities respectively. Within 2004-2008, the area of privately owned forests showed annual increase by 22713 ha or 90850 ha altogether. Within the period of 4 years, Alytus District expanded its territory by 4548 ha annually (or 18191 ha of privately owned forests). In 2008, the privately owned forests accounted for 32 % and 43% of all forests in Lithuania and Alytus District respectively. These forest privatization results differ because Alytus District is mostly covered by state-owned parks and sanctuaries or state forests. With reference to the forest privatization conditions following the Law on Land Reform and the possibilities to use the non-agricultural lands for forests and in the background of self-vegetation of the areas (valuation surveys carried out every 10 years show that there are about 50-70... [to full text]
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Aubriot, Julie. "Usages militants du droit à l'eau en Afrique du Sud : du projet Gcin'Amanzi à l'affaire Mazibuko." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1038/document.
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Rönnestad, Marit. "Swiping right for love? : A study about the relationship between Tinder usage and self-esteem." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324308.
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In order of measuring the relationship between Tinder intensity and self-esteem, the Tinder Intensity Scale was developed in this present study. The scale was developed with help from exploratory factor analysis (EFA) measuring dimensionality and Cronbach's alpha testing the interrelations between the scale items. The EFA found that the Tinder Intensity Scale (Cronbach’s alpha 0.75) consists of two dimensions, one measuring frequency and emotional connection and the other measured dating behavior, such as being the first one to contact a match. The index-scores were used to measure the relationship between the self-esteem score and Tinder Intensity Scale and the scales’ two dimensions. The findings of this study suggest that the relationship between self-esteem and Tinder intensity is rather weak for both men and women, but slightly higher for men’s dating behavior and self-esteem. A reason for this could be due to the low intensity on Tinder in this sample. For future research, it is suggested to examine the relationship on a larger sample. Another suggestion is to determine causality between Tinder use and self-esteem by doing a longitudinal study, where self-esteem is measured pre-Tinder usage and after using Tinder.
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Aluome, Louis. "La norme collective à l'épreuve du transfert d'entreprise. : Essai en droit du travail." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020065.
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L’entreprise est le lieu de déploiement d'un statut professionnel privé nourri de conventions et accords collectifs de travail mais aussi d’engagements unilatéraux, d’usages et d’accords atypiques. L'application de ces normes, quelque fois leur survie, suscitent de nombreuses interrogations au fil des modifications apportées à la situation juridique de l’employeur, singulièrement de celles résultant du transfert de l’entreprise. Comment articuler les normes en concours ? Comment forger un corpus normatif unifié ? Les règles successivement posées par le législateur sont soumises à la double épreuve de la pratique professionnelle et, dès lors qu'éclate un contentieux, de l'interprétation du juge. Contraintes et incohérences sont dans certains cas de nature à neutraliser les effets attendus du transfert, voire d’y mettre obstacle. Des évolutions du corpus normatif seraient pertinentes afin que cessent les doutes (souvent) et les contradictions (parfois)<br>A private professional status, fed on collective agreements, unilateral commitments and business uses, spreads out over the firm. The fate of those collective standards arouses numerous issues over the modifications of the employer’s legal situation, especially in the case of a transfer of undertaking. How to articulate transferor’s collective standards with transferee’s ? How to build an harmonized professional status ? The legal rules are confronted with the firm’s practicals and the judge’s interpretations. Constraints and inconsistencies could neutralize the transfer’s expected impact. Legal improvements would be relevant to silence doubts and difficulties
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Stephens, Dallin Paul. "The Transfer of Agricultural Water to Municipal and Industrial Usages." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/834.
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The water that is available for beneficial use in Utah is quickly approaching full appropriation; water that has been claimed is nearing the amount that is available for use. The Division of Water Resources of the State of Utah has organized a three-part plan to "Plan, Conserve, Develop and Protect Utah's Water Resources." One of these three elements has a focus to "provide comprehensive water planning." Such planning is best achieved when current and accurate data on the uses of the state's water are available.
The primary purpose of this thesis was to provide an evaluation, from data collected on various case studies across the state, on the accuracy of water rights information. The studies were selected based on land that had recently been developed from agricultural usage to residential, commercial, or other municipal uses. After identifying the accuracy of the water rights information, observations to the methods of recording water right transfers were made. A template to summarize a municipality's water rights will also be made available.
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Horikx, Lotte, and Bledar Beqiri. "Circular economy in the Nordic region – on the right path? : The effect of circular economy business practices on firms’ environmental performance." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324860.
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Over the last couple of decades, sustainability has gained importance in the business world, and a concept that has often been used as a prime example of how to deal with today’s environmental problems is circular economy. Even though the topic is relatively new, there has already been quite some debate about its actual advantages and disadvantages, and while there is as of yet no consensus, the majority argues that the application of circular economy practices will be beneficial for the environment. Which is exactly what this research has attempted to ascertain by looking at 78 firms from a wide range of industries yet all from the Nordic region, since this geographical area has been hailed repeatedly for their sustainability. This was done by performing a hierarchical regression analysis on the data in order to explore a possible relationship between the score of a firm on the benchmark of circular economy practices and its corresponding environmental performance, specifically energy consumption, water usage and greenhouse gas emissions. The hierarchical regression analysis showed a significantly positive relationship between a firm’s score on the benchmark of circular economy practices and its energy consumption, while controlling for firm size, industry, debt ratio,slack resources and country of origin, which was contrary to expectations. No such relationship was found between a firm’s benchmark score and their water usage, the same goes for greenhouse gas emissions. Nevertheless, this research has taken an important step in understanding the relationship between circular economy practices and a firm’s environmental performance, and in doing so has opened up new avenues to explore in terms of future research. While the Nordic region is on the right track, there is still a long road ahead.
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Meyer, Michael, and Susanne Robra-Bissantz. "The Right Reaction: Entwicklung und Evaluation eines emotionsbasierten Software-Prototypen." TUDpress, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A73591.
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Im Rahmen dieses Betrags adressieren wir folgende Forschungsfrage: Wie kann eine emotionsbasierte IS-Unterstützung für die Interaktion zwischen Kunde und Verkaufspersonal gestaltet werden? Hierfür wird zunächst der theoretische Hintergrund zur digitalen Transformation im Einzelhandel und zur Bedeutung von Kundenemotionen vermittelt. Im Anschluss werden Emotions-Reaktions-Guidelines für eine emotionsbasierte Kundenberatung im stationären Einzelhandel erhoben und evaluiert. Weiterhin wird die Entwicklung und Evaluation eines Softwareprototyps, der die Emotions-Reaktions-Guidelines verwendet, vorgestellt. Der Artikel endet mit einer Zusammenfassung und einem Ausblick.
Książki na temat "Usage rights"
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Université de Saint-Etienne. Centre d'études et de recherches critiques sur le droit. and Barreau de Saint-Etienne, eds. Consécration et usage de droits nouveaux: Colloque de mai 1985. Centre de recherches critiques sur le droit, Université de Saint-Etienne, 1987.
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Belanoff, Pat. The right handbook: Grammar and usage in context. 2nd ed. Boynton/Cook, 1993.
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Murray-Smith, Stephen. Right words: A guide to English usage in Australia. Viking, 1987.
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Venolia, Jan. The right word!: How to say what you really mean. Ten Speed Press, 2003.
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Rothman, Lori, and Merry Jo Parker, eds. Just-About-Right (JAR) Scales: Design, Usage, Benefits, and Risks. ASTM International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/mnl63-eb.
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Rothman, Lori. Just about right (JAR) scales: Design, usage, benefits, and risks. ASTM International, 2009.
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Jack, Gillespie, and Communication Briefings (Firm), eds. Glossary of even more misused words & phrases: Your desktop guide to using the right terms in the right place at the right time. Briefings Pub. Group, 1989.
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Davidson, Mark. Right, wrong, and risky: A dictionary of today's American English usage. W.W. Norton & Company, 2006.
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Jan, Freeman, ed. Write it right: A little blacklist of literary faults. Walker & Co., 2009.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Usage rights"
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El-Moghazi, Mohamed Ali, and Jason Whalley. "Spectrum Usage Rights." In The International Radio Regulations. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88571-7_6.
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Calderbank, B., and B. Ballantyne. "Inter and Intra Fauces Terrae Usage: Canada." In Global Encyclopedia of Territorial Rights. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68846-6_21-1.
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Jung, Christian, and Jörg Dörr. "Data Usage Control." In Designing Data Spaces. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93975-5_8.
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AbstractData-driven business models are based on sharing and exchanging data. However, to establish a trustworthy and secure data exchange between different organizations, we have to tackle several challenges. Data sovereignty, for instance, is an essential prerequisite to empower data-driven business models across different organizations. The International Data Spaces provide solutions for data sovereignty to implement a secure and trustworthy data economy.In this chapter, we focus on data usage control and data provenance as building blocks to solve data sovereignty challenges. We introduce concepts and technology for realizing usage control and describe the differences between usage control and access control as well as other related concepts such as digital rights management or user managed access. We present the implementation of data sovereignty in the International Data Spaces starting from the formalization of data usage restrictions as policies (i.e., the policy specification) to the technical compliance and adherence of the data usage restrictions (i.e., the policy enforcement). In doing so, we present the transformation of data usage restrictions to machine-readable policies that can be enforced by the systems. Different technologies, such as the MY DATA Control Technologies can be used to implement the enforcement of data sovereignty in a technical manner and discuss future expansion stages of implementing data sovereignty.
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Ding, Sophia. "Digital Rights Management." In Trends in Data Protection and Encryption Technologies. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33386-6_28.
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AbstractEssentially, digital rights management refers to “trusted exchange of digital information over the Internet in which the user is granted only those privileges granted by the document sender”. Digital rights management systems serve multiple functions, such as access control, usage control, billing, and the pursuit of legal infringements. These functions are achieved through various technologies, such as encryption, digital signatures, digital watermarks, secure authentication, rights expression languages, and product key. In recent years, digital rights management systems have been controversial due to privacy concerns, their potential negative impact on open-source software, and their incompatibility with fair use principles. And, in an increasingly interconnected world, digital rights management systems will become increasingly important, but they will lose their influence in specific industries, such as the traditional music industry.
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Forcada, Mikel L. "Licensing and Usage Rights of Language Data in Machine Translation." In Towards Responsible Machine Translation. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14689-3_4.
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Atiti, Ni Gusti Ketut Sri. "Arrangements for Submission of Building Usage Rights in Land Transfer." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Business Law and Local Wisdom in Tourism (ICBLT 2022). Atlantis Press SARL, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-2-494069-93-0_7.
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Boateng, Akwasi Bosompem. "Social Media Usage and Digital Rights Restrictions in the Republic of Chad." In Digital Dissidence and Social Media Censorship in Africa. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003276326-14.
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Hien, Melanie, Florian Kuebler, and Aikerim Nazaralieva. "Human Rights in Central Asia—Between Internationalization and Nation-Building." In Human Rights Dissemination in Central Asia. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27972-0_1.
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AbstractHuman rights education and knowledge dissemination in Central Asia have been developing since the collapse of the Soviet Union. The countries in the region have a mixture of democratic, authoritarian, and autocratic systems, which, for human rights defenders in particular, can pose challenges. Over the course of the last three decades, their opportunities have either been restricted or expanded. Against this background, in 2021, the Leibniz Institute for East and Southeast European Studies (IOS) in Regensburg, Germany, conducted a project in collaboration with the OSCE Academy in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, which included a one-week workshop entitled “Human Rights in Central Asia—Between Internationalization and Nation-Building.” Both civil society activists and young professionals attended the workshop, where they reported on their experiences in human rights education, empowerment, knowledge dissemination, and state-building in Central Asia. There are three key questions to be addressed in this context: What are the outcomes of the workshop discussions concerning human rights instruments, legislation related to civil society organizations (CSOs), the role of civil societies, and the sustainability of CSO projects, as well as how their impact is measured? Further, what observations can be made and what lessons learned from this for human rights education and knowledge dissemination, specifically with regard to research, teaching, material, and social media usage? And, finally, what recommendations can be made for the national, international, state, and non-state actors involved in human rights education, empowerment, and knowledge dissemination in Central Asia?
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Mureddu, Francesco, Alessandro Paciaroni, Tomáš Pavelka, Annabel Pemberton, and Luca Alessandro Remotti. "Rights and Responsibilities: Legal and Ethical Considerations in Adopting Local Digital Twin Technology." In Decide Better. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-81451-8_11.
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Abstract As Local Digital Twin (LDT) technology becomes increasingly complex and integrated with disruptive technologies, like Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML), new ethical, legal and transparency challenges arise. Particular concerns centre around personal information protection, data usage, and the ethics of algorithmic decision-making. This paper explores these challenges, including both personal and non-personal data governance, future regulatory impact, and the implications of new and proposed legislation, including e-privacy, the Digital Markets Act, and the AI Act. Drawing on the perspectives of various scholars, as well as European digital twin projects, this paper emphasises the importance of human intelligence in balancing the impacts of AI and ML, the need for societal assessment frameworks to integrate broader social elements, and the necessity of transparency in decision-making processes. It proposes strategies for the responsible and ethical implementation of LDTs, emphasising risk mitigation measures, such as using trusted data processors, ensuring data transparency, and adopting robust data governance frameworks to protect fundamental rights and freedoms. This paper also aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse by highlighting legal frameworks, underlining ethical aspects, and facilitating the practical application of ethics and relevant legislation through gap analysis methodologies. Alternative ways to manage LDT data and information are also presented, reflecting the key role of data and information management in this domain.
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Myers, Kathleen Ann. "3. Transhumance, Diversification, and New Collaborations." In A Country of Shepherds. Open Book Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0387.03.
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This chapter highlights two key issues in pastoralism today: land usage and generational turnover; examined through the case study of Fortunato Guerrero Lara, a shepherd and land-rights leader who straddles tradition and innovation. Our author talks with three generations of shepherds, as well as “one of the few conscientious landowners” in Andalusia. We see two men who have distinctly different lifestyles and personalities united by a shared passion for their cultural and ecological heritage, evidenced by the way they care for the natural landscapes where they work. Through Fortunato, the chapter explores relationships between families of different socio-economic classes and the systems that support or restrict them, as well as glimpse what biodiversity on a multifunctional dehesa means.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Usage rights"
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Paroushev, Deyan, and Petko Ruskov. "Blockchain-Enabled Dynamic Spectrum Usage Rights: A Framework for 5G/6G Spectrum Allocation and Pricing." In 2024 32nd National Conference with International Participation (TELECOM). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/telecom63374.2024.10812236.
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Nedzinskas, Egidijus, and Ruta Nedzinskiene. "CRITICAL COMPETENCIES OF POLICE OFFICERS IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION." In 11th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2024. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2024/s07/40.
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The digital transformation requires new knowledge and skills of police officers, thus the competences necessary for the usage of smart, innovative technologies become critical. It is important to ensure that these technologies are integrated into the security policy to effectively fight crime and to ensure the highest standards of respect for citizens� fundamental rights and freedoms. However, there is a lack of information on what competencies are necessary for the qualified usage of innovative technologies of today�s police officers. The lack of research in this area poses challenges to the entire system of professional development for police officers, and at the same time to the state and its citizens due to the possible improper performance of duties while seeking to ensure public security. The aim of the article is to investigate the competencies of police officers that are critical important in the context of digital transformation. The scientific literature and legal acts analysis as well as expert interview were used to achieve this purpose. It was investigated that in the context of digital transformation, the most important competencies for police officers are information and communication technologies knowledge, data analysis and interpretation, strategic, critical thinking, and teamwork. The identified competencies of police officers necessary for work with smart, innovative technologies in practice can contribute to the training process of police officers and at the same time ensuring the public security in the country.
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Hodges, Chris, Katherine Troncalli, Theresa Kinney, and Christopher Lyman. "OH-58D Pylon Side Beam Life Using Usage Loads Monitoring vs Traditional Lifing Methodology." In Vertical Flight Society 71st Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0071-2015-10255.
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This paper discusses the cooperative effort to evaluate usage load monitoring on the right pylon side beam of four OH-58D aircraft. This paper will discuss the Army's current methodology for retirement time calculation of the OH-58D pylon side beams, findings from actual loads data analysis and potential adjustments to overhaul and retirement schedules. This effort supports the transition of Army aircraft from time based maintenance to condition based maintenance and is applicable to current and future fleet aircraft.
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Barnes, David J. "How the Right Pot Choice and System Set up Can Improve Blasting Efficiency." In Coatings+ 2020. SSPC, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2020-00004.
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Abstract Shot and grit blasting has been around for many years, but are we getting the most from our systems? This paper looks at the various adjustable parameters that can and do affect the productivity (yardage), media usage and effectiveness of a blasting operation. Air flow, pressure and nozzle size all contribute to the efficiency and yardage achievable by a blast pot. Pot and valve design will contribute both positively and negatively to these variables but correct set up is imperative for efficient blasting. Improvement in pot and valve designs can lead to huge gains for the blaster and with some simple, logical adjustment and/or upgrades the changes recommended here will help you get the most from your pot.
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Dabkowski, John, and Earl L. Kirkpatrick. "Design Considerations for Mitigation of Induced AC on Pipelines." In CORROSION 2001. NACE International, 2001. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2001-01597.
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Abstract Optimum placement of a pipeline on a power line right-of-way to reduce electromagnetic coupling effects is discussed. Grounding methodologies for reducing induced voltages on the pipeline for steady state and fault current coupling are presented. For clarity, the fault current coupling cases are segregated according to mechanism, i.e., inductive and conductive cases. The relative benefits of continuous single and two horizontal wire mitigation systems are discussed. The relative reduction in pipe coating voltages and touch and step potentials is presented for each type of mitigation system. The usage and characteristics of gradient control mats are discussed. Practical considerations relative to the mitigation of lightning effects are presented.
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Trimble, Whitt L. "What’S Right with “850 on”, What’S Wrong with “850 Polarized”, & How We Can Improve Them Both." In CORROSION 2010. NACE International, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2010-10035.
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Abstract Cathodic Protection is a corrosion mitigation practice that is used to insure the mechanical integrity of critical steel structures such as pipelines, storage tanks, ship’s hulls, bridges, etc. Sufficient cathodic protection current prevents galvanic corrosion between steel and an electrolytic environment but determining the adequacy of the level of cathodic protection at the steel-to-electrolyte interface directly is difficult. As such, NACE International (NACE) and several other industry associations have developed standard practices that detail consensus criteria to determine indirectly, whether or not cathodic protection of a structure has been achieved. While the usage of these criteria has greatly reduced the incidence of integrity failures of steel structures due to galvanic corrosion, no single criterion has proven to be universally usable and reliable. There is currently an ongoing effort within NACE to review and improve cathodic protection criteria performance. Two of the existing NACE cathodic protection criteria are commonly referred to as “850 On” and “850 Polarized”. This paper will discuss the basis for these cathodic protection (CP) criteria, their individual strengths and weaknesses, the need for both, and how the utilization of both can be improved by NACE and by CP practitioners.
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Cave, Martin, and William Webb. "The unfinished history of usage rights for spectrum." In 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DYSPAN). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dyspan.2011.5936231.
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Doyle, Linda, and Tim Forde. "Towards a Fluid Spectrum Market for Exclusive Usage Rights." In 2007 2nd IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dyspan.2007.86.
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Xie, Yi, and Yulin Wang. "Network-based usage monitoring and rights management of digital media." In 2016 8th IEEE International Conference on Communication Software and Networks (ICCSN). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccsn.2016.7586591.
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Hinchliffe, Lisa. "Communicating Open Access and Usage Rights in the User Interface." In 45th SSP Annual Meeting. ScienceOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14293/s2199-ssp-am23-01006.
Pełny tekst źródłaRaporty organizacyjne na temat "Usage rights"
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McDougall, Robert, and Nico van Leeuwen. International MariBunkers: An Attempt to Assign its Usage to the Right Countries. GTAP Research Memoranda, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.rm20.
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In recent GTAP data releases, in transforming energy volumes data from the IEA extended energy balances to an input-output format, we record inflows into the energy balances flow "international marine bunkers" as exports, but record no corresponding imports. Here, we revise the energy module to balance the trade flows by recording international marine bunker usage as imports into the country of residence of the ship operator, and as usage by that country’s transport industry. We allocate usage across countries in proportion to the money value of their water transport services exports.
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Sturgill, Joshua M. Engineering the Organization: Is USACE Doing it Right. Defense Technical Information Center, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1001881.
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Ihsan, Yilmaz, and Raja Ali M. Saleem. The nexus of religious populism and digital authoritarianism in Pakistan. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/pp0016.
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Pakistan has a turbulent political history. In the seven decades since its creation, the country has faced four military-led dictatorships and another two decades under indirect military rule. Given this political trend, authoritarianism is not a novel phenomenon in the country. Digital authoritarianism, however, is a relatively new domain of oppression. This paper looks at how a political party in power and the “establishment” (military elite and its civilian collaborators) have been increasing the control of digital mediums as well as weaponizing space. This dual control and usage allow for growing digital authoritarianism. Using the case study of Imran Khan’s government (2018-2022) and its collaboration with the military establishment in enforcing digital authoritarianism, this article uses four levels of an assessment of internet governance in Pakistan (whole network level, sub-network level, proxy level, and user level). In addition, the role of Khan’s political party’s Islamist populist outlook in contributing to authoritarianism is also discussed. A lot of censorship happens around ideas of protecting Islam and Pakistan’s Muslim identity. The review also finds that the establishment uses not only religion but also ultra-nationalism and fears of foreign attacks, primarily by “Hindu” India, as means to closely surveil and curb the rights of citizens which it deems not worthy of trust. Our results find that Pakistan’s digital space is highly oppressive where ideas of religion, ontological insecurity, and nationalism are weaponized to legitimize the state’s growing authoritarianism.
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Quinn, Cathy A., Philip K. Hamilton, Scott D. Kraus, and Christopher K. Slay. An assessment of wounds caused by the attachment of remote sensing tags to North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena Glacialis): 1988 - 1997. New England Aquarium and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/29702.
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Because of the increase in usage of remote sensing tags to track the migration and movements of cetaceans, it has become increasingly important to assess the impact of such techniques on the target species. Between 1988 and 1997, 55 tags (41 satellite telemetry, 14 VHF or acoustic radio transmitter) were attached to 49 North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis). All tags had implantable barbs or were fully implanted below the dermis. Right whales are photographically identifiable and the New England Aquarium curates the North Atlantic catalog, which currently numbers 374 individuals. The photo catalog has made it possible for tagged individuals to be tracked after the tag falls off the whale. Photo documentation during and after tagging provides an opportunity to monitor physiological effects from tags and healing responses to tags.
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Just, Richard E., Eithan Hochman, and Sinaia Netanyahu. Problems and Prospects in the Political Economy of Trans-Boundary Water Issues. United States Department of Agriculture, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573997.bard.
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The objective of this research was to develop and apply a conceptual framework for evaluating the potential of trans-boundary bargaining with respect to water resource sharing. The research accomplished this objective by developing a framework for trans-boundary bargaining, identifying opportunities for application, and illustrating the potential benefits that can be gained thereby. Specifically, we have accomplished the following: - Developed a framework to measure the potential for improving economic efficiency considering issues of political feasibility and sustainability that are crucial in trans-boundary cooperation. - Used both cooperative and non-cooperative game theory to assess feasible coalitions among the parties involved and to model potential bargaining procedures. - Identified empirically alternative schemes of cooperation that both improve upon the economic efficiency of present water usage and appease all of the cooperating parties. - Estimated the potential short-run and long-run affects of water reallocation on the agricultural sector and used this information to understand potential strategies taken by the countries in bargaining processes. - Performed case studies in Israeli-Jordanian relations, the relationship of Israel to the Palestinian Authority, and cooperation on the Chesapeake Bay. - Published or have in process publication of a series of refereed journal articles. - Published a book which first develops the theoretical framework, then presents research results relating to the case studies, and finally draws implications for water cooperation issues generally. Background to the Topic The increase in water scarcity and decline in water quality that has resulted from increased agricultural, industrial, and urban demands raises questions regarding profitability of the agricultural sector under its present structure. The lack of efficient management has been underscored recently by consecutive years of drought in Israel and increased needs to clean up the Chesapeake Bay. Since agriculture in the Middle East (Chesapeake Bay) is both the main water user (polluter) and the low-value user (polluter), a reallocation of water use (pollution rights) away from agriculture is likely with further industrial and urban growth. Furthermore, the trans-boundary nature of water resources in the case of the Middle East and the Chesapeake Bay contributes to increased conflicts over the use of the resources and therefore requires a political economic approach. Major Conclusions, Solutions, Achievements and Implications Using game theory tools, we critically identify obstacles to cooperation. We identify potential gains from coordination on trans-boundary water policies and projects. We identify the conditions under which partial (versus grand) coalitions dominate in solving water quality disputes among riparian countries. We identify conditions under which linking water issues to unrelated disputes achieves gains in trans-boundary negotiations. We show that gains are likely only when unrelated issues satisfy certain characteristics. We find conditions for efficient water markets under price-determined and quantity-determined markets. We find water recycling and adoption of new technologies such as desalination can be part of the solution for alleviating water shortages locally and regionally but that timing is likely to be different than anticipated. These results have been disseminated through a wide variety of publications and oral presentations as well as through interaction with policymakers in both countries.
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Vela, Mauricio A., and Sebastián J. Miller. Are Environmental Taxes Affected by Legislatures' Ideological Positions? Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011501.
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Environmental taxes have been discussed as one of the main mechanisms to deal with environmental problems. Nonetheless, instruments of this type have rarely been implemented, and the adoption of new or higher environmental taxes has faced resistance in some countries. The purpose of this work is to identify one possible political answer to why adoption of environmental taxes varies. One explanation is that legislatures' ideological position affects the degree of usage of taxes generally and environ- mental taxes in particular. For example, right-wing parties tend to be less associated with environmental concerns and more associated with lower government intervention. This paper presents evidence that reflects this relationship, showing the positive association of more left-wing legislatures with higher levels of environmental taxation. A panel of data for 37 developed and developing countries over 16 years is used considering the percentage of total revenue from environmentally related taxes, the ratio of this revenue to total energy use and tax levels in industry and household sectors. The results show that most of these impacts involve environmentally related taxes in the industry sector. Proportional representation electoral systems and high seat concentration by few parties appear to be necessary conditions for the negative relation of right-wing ideology with environmental taxes.
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Baker, Nicholas, Rafaella Belmonte Monteiro, Alessia Boccalatte, et al. Identification of existing tools and workflows for solar neighborhood planning. Edited by Jouri, Kanters. IEA SHC Task 63, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task63-2022-0001.
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Planning for sustainable neighborhoods is a high priority for many cities. It is therefore important to take the right decisions during the planning phase to ensure that important aspects are considered. One of these important aspects is to consider the harvesting of solar energy in the best possible way. It is however difficult to define the best ways to exploit the incoming solar energy. Solar energy can be used by means of active solar energy production, passively by means of daylighting buildings or outside buildings on the ground for direct solar access or thermal comfort. This different usage can sometimes be conflicting (for example at a building level, in order to maximize the photovoltaic production, it may be necessary to use all the surfaces, therefore preventing the access to daylight). The access to daylight in the street is appreciated during cold days, but shading is preferred during the hotter days.
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Clark, Brian. Building control graphics criteria update : standards and criteria project 23T12. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/49440.
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This US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Standards and Criteria effort recommends updates to the building-graphics-related content in Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) 3-470-01 and Unified Facilities Guide Specifications (UFGS) 25 10 10. Building graphics serve as the primary facility interface and are required for any HVAC controls integration project to a base-wide system; however, the current lack of criteria significantly limits their effectiveness and regularly yields inconsistent, low-quality tools for end users. This project developed “Guiding Principles” of good HVAC graphics along with the criteria language to assist the DoD in procuring and implement-ing good graphics. This report includes extensive illustrations to demonstrate good versus poor implementations of the proposed criteria. The intent is not to establish DoD-level graphics standards with these images but give a litmus test to designers and quality assurance staff for what right (and wrong) looks like. Primary recommendations are for graphics drawings designer responsibilities and contractor shop drawing requirements where installation standards are unavailable. Both designer criteria and spec-level functionality are defined using the Guiding Principles developed in this report. Future re-search topics are also described for enhanced trending capabilities, development of standard HVAC system-level performance indicators, and cloud-based connections to ongoing commissioning (OCx) systems.