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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Variability of rainfall”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 2 czerwca 2025

Data aktualizacji: 31 lipca 2025

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1

Stefanidis, Stefanos, and Dimitrios Stathis. "Spatial and Temporal Rainfall Variability over the Mountainous Central Pindus (Greece)." Climate 6, no. 3 (2018): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli6030075.

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In this study, the authors evaluated the spatial and temporal variability of rainfall over the central Pindus mountain range. To accomplish this, long-term (1961–2016) monthly rainfall data from nine rain gauges were collected and analyzed. Seasonal and annual rainfall data were subjected to Mann–Kendall tests to assess the possible upward or downward statistically significant trends and to change-point analyses to detect whether a change in the rainfall time series mean had taken place. Additionally, Sen’s slope method was used to estimate the trend magnitude, whereas multiple regression mode

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2

Wang, Hui, Rong Fu, Arun Kumar, and Wenhong Li. "Intensification of Summer Rainfall Variability in the Southeastern United States during Recent Decades." Journal of Hydrometeorology 11, no. 4 (2010): 1007–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jhm1229.1.

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Abstract The variability of summer precipitation in the southeastern United States is examined in this study using 60-yr (1948–2007) rainfall data. The Southeast summer rainfalls exhibited higher interannual variability with more intense summer droughts and anomalous wetness in the recent 30 years (1978–2007) than in the prior 30 years (1948–77). Such intensification of summer rainfall variability was consistent with a decrease of light (0.1–1 mm day−1) and medium (1–10 mm day−1) rainfall events during extremely dry summers and an increase of heavy (&gt;10 mm day−1) rainfall events in extr

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3

Yang, Song, and Eric A. Smith. "Convective–Stratiform Precipitation Variability at Seasonal Scale from 8 Yr of TRMM Observations: Implications for Multiple Modes of Diurnal Variability." Journal of Climate 21, no. 16 (2008): 4087–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2096.1.

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Abstract This study investigates the variability of convective and stratiform rainfall from 8 yr (1998–2005) of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) and TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) measurements, focusing on seasonal diurnal variability. The main scientific goals are 1) to understand the climatological variability of these two dominant forms of precipitation across the four cardinal seasons and over continents and oceans separately and 2) to understand how differences in convective and stratiform rainfall variations ultimately determine how the diurnal variability

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4

Singh, Vishal, and Xiaosheng Qin. "Rainfall variability in Malay Peninsula region of Southeast Asia using gridded data." E3S Web of Conferences 81 (2019): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20198101002.

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Southeast Asia is recognized as a climate-change vulnerable region as it has been significantly affected by many extreme events in the past. This study carried out a rainfall analysis over the Malay Peninsula region of Southeast Asia utilizing historical (1981-2007) gridded rainfall datasets (0.5°×0.5°). The rainfall variability was analyzed in an intra-decadal time series duration. The uncertainty involved in all datasets was also checked based on the comparison of multiple global rainfall datasets. Rainfall gap filling analysis was conducted for producing more accurate rainfall time series a

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5

B. AJITHKUMAR and P.P. SREEKALA. "Rainfall variability over Kerala." Journal of Agrometeorology 17, no. 2 (2015): 273–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v17i2.1027.

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Alhamshry, Asmaa, Ayele Almaw Fenta, Hiroshi Yasuda, Reiji Kimura, and Katsuyuki Shimizu. "Seasonal Rainfall Variability in Ethiopia and Its Long-Term Link to Global Sea Surface Temperatures." Water 12, no. 1 (2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12010055.

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Investigating the influence of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) on seasonal rainfall is a crucial factor for managing Ethiopian water resources. For this purpose, SST and rainfall data were used to study a wide range of inhomogeneous areas in Ethiopia with uneven distribution of rainfall for both summer (1951–2015) and spring (1951–2000) seasons. Firstly, a preliminary subdivision of rainfall grid points into zones was applied depending on spatial homogeneity and seasonality of rainfall. This introduced new clusters, including nine zones for summer rainfall peak (July/August) and five zones for

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7

Junges, Amanda H., Carolina Bremm, and Denise C. Fontana. "Rainfall climatology, variability, and trends in Veranópolis, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 23, no. 3 (2019): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n3p160-166.

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ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to characterize the rainfall climatology in Veranópolis, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, through analyses of means, variabilities related to El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and temporal trends, using a 60-year data series (1956-2015). Descriptive statistics of annual, monthly and seasonal rainfall were used to characterize the rainfall climatology. The differences between seasons, and influence of ENSO were evaluated using analysis of variance and the Duncan’s test. Rainfall trends were evaluated by the Mann Kendall test. The local average annual rainfa

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8

Mekanik, F., and M. A. Imteaz. "Variability of cool seasonal rainfall associated with Indo-Pacific climate modes: case study of Victoria, Australia." Journal of Water and Climate Change 9, no. 3 (2018): 584–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2018.146.

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Abstract This study focused on diagnosing the relative and independent role of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) on austral cool seasonal rainfall by stratifying the cool seasonal rainfall into winter (June–August) and spring (September–November). Partial regression and classification analysis was used to investigate the effect of the climate modes on rainfall in the state of Victoria in southeast Australia. Partial regression analyses revealed that when the influence of IOD is removed from ENSO, sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the Pacific Ocean have

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9

Ugwu, Ernest Benjamin Ikechukwu. "Rainfall Dynamics and Trend in Central Nigeria for Thirty-Four Years (1986-2019)." International Journal of Weather, Climate Change and Conservation Research 10, no. 1 (2024): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ijwcccr.15/vol10n15467.

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A statistical study of rainfall dynamics and trend in central Nigeria for thirty-four (34) years (1986-2019) has been carried out. The data were obtained from the website of Nigerian Meteorological Agency., Abuja, Nigeria. We used the ET-SCI classification of rainfall rainy season. We found that total rainfall variability ranges between moderate variability in Gombe and high variability in Benin City. Variability in the frequency of rainfall during the period varies between zero variability in Jos and moderate variability at Benin City. In general, the variability in total and seasonal rainfal

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10

WANG, Y., Z. W. SHILENJE, P. O. SAGERO, A. M. NYONGESA, and N. BANDA. "Rainfall variability and meteorological drought in the Horn of Africa." MAUSAM 68, no. 3 (2021): 463–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v68i3.678.

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Basic rainfall characteristics and drought over the Horn of Africa (HoA) is investigated, from 1901 to 2010. Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) is used to study drought variability, mainly focusing on 3-month SPI. The dominant mode of variability of seasonal rainfall was analyzed by performing Empirical orthogonal functions (EOF) analysis. Gridded data is sourced from Climate Research Unit (CRU), spanning from 1901 to 2010. The HoA experiences predominantly bimodal rainfall distribution in time; March to May (MAM) and October to December (OND). The spatial component of the first eigenvector (E

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11

Brigadier, Libanda, Nkolola Barbara, and Musonda Bathsheba. "Rainfall Variability over Northern Zambia." Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 6, no. 6 (2015): 416–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2015/16189.

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Hall, Carol. "Variability of Rainfall within Ballarat." Ballarat Naturalist (2003:Feb) (February 2003): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.384680.

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13

Farmer, Graham. "Rainfall variability in tropical Africa." Land Use Policy 3, no. 4 (1986): 336–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-8377(86)90029-3.

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14

Macron, Clémence, Yves Richard, Thomas Garot, et al. "Intraseasonal Rainfall Variability over Madagascar." Monthly Weather Review 144, no. 5 (2016): 1877–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-15-0077.1.

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Using daily rain gauge records for Madagascar and nearby islands, this paper investigates rainfall intraseasonal variability at local and regional scales during the austral summer season (November–February), as well as the respective influences of recurrent convective regimes over the southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO) and the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO). The results show a general consistency between local-scale rainfall variability in Madagascar and regional-scale features of climate variability. The influence of tropical temperate troughs in their mature phase and/or their easternmost locati

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15

Jury, Mark R. "Uganda rainfall variability and prediction." Theoretical and Applied Climatology 132, no. 3-4 (2017): 905–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-017-2135-4.

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Nicholls, Neville, Wasyl Drosdowsky, and Beth Lavery. "Australian rainfall variability and change." Weather 52, no. 3 (1997): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1477-8696.1997.tb06274.x.

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17

Wong, C. L., R. Venneker, S. Uhlenbrook, A. B. M. Jamil, and Y. Zhou. "Variability of rainfall in Peninsular Malaysia." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 6, no. 4 (2009): 5471–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-6-5471-2009.

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Abstract. This study analyzed and quantified the spatial patterns and time-variability of rainfall in Peninsular Malaysia on monthly, yearly and monsoon temporal scales. We first obtained an overview of rainfall patterns through the analysis of 16 point data sources. The results led to choosing three distinct regions, i.e.~the east coast, inland and west coast regions. For detailed analysis, Shepard's interpolation scheme was applied to the station data to produce daily rainfall fields on a 0.05 degree resolution grids for the period 1971–2006. The rainfall characteristics in time and space de

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18

Peleg, Nadav, Frank Blumensaat, Peter Molnar, Simone Fatichi, and Paolo Burlando. "Partitioning the impacts of spatial and climatological rainfall variability in urban drainage modeling." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 21, no. 3 (2017): 1559–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1559-2017.

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Abstract. The performance of urban drainage systems is typically examined using hydrological and hydrodynamic models where rainfall input is uniformly distributed, i.e., derived from a single or very few rain gauges. When models are fed with a single uniformly distributed rainfall realization, the response of the urban drainage system to the rainfall variability remains unexplored. The goal of this study was to understand how climate variability and spatial rainfall variability, jointly or individually considered, affect the response of a calibrated hydrodynamic urban drainage model. A stochas

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19

Indarto, Indarto, and Askin Askin. "VARIABILITAS SPASIAL HUJAN DI WILAYAH UPT PSDA DI MALANG." Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) 6, no. 3 (2018): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jtep-l.v6i3.171-180.

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This study show the spatial variabilit of rainfall (monthly and annual) rainfall in the area of technical implementation unit of water resources management (UPT-PSDA) in Malang. Administrative area of UPT PSDA in Malang include Malang regency, Malang city, Batu, Blitar Regency, Tulungagung Regency, and Trenggalek Regency. Daily rainfall data from 88 pluviometers spread around the areas are used as main input. The research procedures consist of : (1) data pre-analysis; (2) the analyses using ESDA tools (Histogram, voronoi, QQ-Plot); (3) interpolation by using IDW method; (4) producing a themati

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20

Zhang, Jun, Dawei Han, Yang Song, and Qiang Dai. "Study on the effect of rainfall spatial variability on runoff modelling." Journal of Hydroinformatics 20, no. 3 (2018): 577–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2018.129.

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Abstract Rainfall spatial variability was assessed to explore its influence on runoff modelling. Image size, coefficient of variation (Cv) and Moran's I were chosen to assess for rainfall spatial variability. The smaller the image size after compression, the less complex is the rainfall spatial variability. The results showed that due to the drawing procedure and varied compression methods, a large uncertainty exists for using image size to describe rainfall spatial variability. Cv quantifies the variability between different rainfall values without considering rainfall spatial distribution an

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21

Cobon, David H., Louis Kouadio, Shahbaz Mushtaq, et al. "Evaluating the shifts in rainfall and pasture-growth variabilities across the pastoral zone of Australia during 1910–2010." Crop and Pasture Science 70, no. 7 (2019): 634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp18482.

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Interannual rainfall variability in Australia is a source of risk within agricultural industries. Insights into changes to rainfall and pasture-growth variabilities are essential to inform adaptation strategies for climate risk management within the grazing industry. We investigated shifts in rainfall and pasture-growth variabilities between the periods 1910–1960 and 1961–2010 for the pastoral zone in Australia. Rainfall variability was also assessed for the high-rainfall and wheat–sheep zones. An index of variability was calculated by using gridded rainfall and pasture-growth data for both pe

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22

Guntu, Ravi Kumar, and Ankit Agarwal. "Investigation of Precipitation Variability and Extremes Using Information Theory." Environmental Sciences Proceedings 4, no. 1 (2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecas2020-08115.

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Quantifying the spatiotemporal variability of rainfall is the principal component for the assessment of the impact of climate change on the hydrological cycle. A better understanding of the quantification of variability and its trend is vital for water resources planning and management. Therefore, a multitude of studies has been dedicated to quantifying the rainfall variability over the years. Despite their importance for modelling rainfall variability, the studies mainly focused on the amount of rainfall and its spatial patterns. The studies investigating the spatial and temporal variability

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23

Yilmaz, A. G., I. Hossain, and B. J. C. Perera. "Effect of climate change and variability on extreme rainfall intensity–frequency–duration relationships: a case study of Melbourne." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 10 (2014): 4065–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4065-2014.

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Abstract. The increased frequency and magnitude of extreme rainfall events due to anthropogenic climate change, and decadal and multi-decadal climate variability question the stationary climate assumption. The possible violation of stationarity in climate can cause erroneous estimation of design rainfalls derived from extreme rainfall frequency analysis. This may result in significant consequences for infrastructure and flood protection projects since design rainfalls are essential input for design of these projects. Therefore, there is a need to conduct frequency analysis of extreme rainfall

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Yilmaz, A. G., I. Hossain, and B. J. C. Perera. "Effect of climate change and variability on extreme rainfall intensity–frequency–duration relationships: a case study of Melbourne." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 11, no. 6 (2014): 6311–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-6311-2014.

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Abstract. The increased frequency and magnitude of extreme rainfall events due to anthropogenic climate change, and decadal and multi-decadal climate variability question the stationary climate assumption. The possible violation of stationarity in climate can cause erroneous estimation of design rainfalls derived from extreme rainfall frequency analysis. This may result in significant consequences for infrastructure and flood protection projects since design rainfalls are essential input for design of these projects. Therefore, there is a need to conduct frequency analysis of extreme rainfall

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Salmayenti, Resti, Rahmat Hidayat, and Aris Pramudia. "Rainfall Prediction Using Artificial Neural Network." Agromet 31, no. 1 (2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/j.agromet.31.1.11-21.

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Artificial neural network (ANN) is widely used for modelling in environmental science including climate, especially in rainfall prediction. Current knowledge has used several predictors consisting of historical rainfall data and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). However, rainfall variability of Indonesian is not only driven by ENSO, but Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) could also influence variability of rainfall. Here, we proposed to use Dipole Mode Index (DMI) as index of IOD as complementary for ENSO. We found that rainfall variability in region with a monsoonal pattern has a strong correlation

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Bhattrai, Santosh, Damodar Bagale, and Suraj Shrestha Shrestha. "Rainfall variability in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal." Scientific World 18, no. 18 (2025): 116–27. https://doi.org/10.3126/sw.v18i18.78437.

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This study examines rainfall variability in the Kathmandu Valley from 1971 to 2023, utilizing daily rainfall data from 19 weather stations. The annual, monthly, and seasonal means were determined. The results indicate that July is the wettest month, while November is the driest. Monsoon is the primary source of rainfall, accounting for 78.79%, followed by pre-monsoon (13.53%), post-monsoon (4.62%), and winter (3.06%). Overall average annual rainfall has fallen, including during the monsoon, post-monsoon, and winter seasons, with just a tiny increase during the pre-monsoon season. The spatial i

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Jiang, Xingwen, and Mingfang Ting. "Intraseasonal Variability of Rainfall and Its Effect on Interannual Variability across the Indian Subcontinent and the Tibetan Plateau." Journal of Climate 32, no. 8 (2019): 2227–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0319.1.

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AbstractIntraseasonal variability of rainfall over the Indian subcontinent (IS) and the Tibetan Plateau (TP) has been discussed widely but often separately. In this study, we investigate the covariability of rainfall across the IS and the TP on intraseasonal time scales and its impact on interannual variability of regional rainfall. The most dominant mode of rainfall intraseasonal variability across the region features a dipole pattern with significant out-of-phase rainfall anomalies between the southeastern TP and the central and northern IS. This dipole rainfall pattern is associated with in

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Liu, Zhenzhen, Qiang Dai, and Lu Zhuo. "Relationship between Rainfall Variability and the Predictability of Radar Rainfall Nowcasting Models." Atmosphere 10, no. 8 (2019): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10080458.

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Radar rainfall nowcasts are subject to many sources of uncertainty and these uncertainties change with the characteristics of a storm. The predictive skill of a radar rainfall nowcasting model can be difficult to understand as sometimes it appears to be perfect but at other times it is highly inaccurate. This hinders the decision making required for the early warning of natural hazards caused by rainfall. In this study we define radar spatial and temporal rainfall variability and relate them to the predictive skill of a nowcasting model. The short-term ensemble prediction system model is confi

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Okoro, Ugochukwu Kingsley. "Decadal Rainfall Trends and Variability Across Nigeria." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 11 (2023): 2654–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113434.

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This work examined the decadal trends and variability of rainfall data over Nigeria from 1979 to 2021 (42 years). Observational monthly rainfall data was obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMET). The data underwent statistical analysis to illustrate its spread and variability using metrics such as mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation, linear regression was applied to reveal the trends or changes over time, the coefficient of correlation was employed to assess the statistical relationships of rainfall across the distinct climate regions of Guinea, Savanna, and

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Aditya, Fanni, Evi Gusmayanti, and Jajat Sudrajat. "Pengaruh Perubahan Curah Hujan terhadap Produktivitas Padi Sawah di Kalimantan Barat." Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan 19, no. 2 (2021): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jil.19.2.237-246.

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Variabilitas curah hujan sangat erat kaitannya dengan perubahan iklim di suatu wilayah dan analisisnya sangat berguna dalam mengukur ketersediaan air untuk pertanian khususnya padi sawah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis variabilitas curah hujan dan hubungan curah hujan tahunan terhadap produktivitas padi di Kalimantan Barat. Lokasi penelitian difokuskan di wilayah Kabupaten Mempawah dan Kubu Raya dengan menggunakan data yang tersedia pada tahun 2000-2019. Analisis datanya menggunakan persamaan variabilitas dan dilanjutkan dengan analisis korelasi dan komposit. Hasil analisis menunjukkan

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Jochum, Markus, Clara Deser, and Adam Phillips. "Tropical Atmospheric Variability Forced by Oceanic Internal Variability." Journal of Climate 20, no. 4 (2007): 765–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli4044.1.

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Abstract Atmospheric general circulation model experiments are conducted to quantify the contribution of internal oceanic variability in the form of tropical instability waves (TIWs) to interannual wind and rainfall variability in the tropical Pacific. It is found that in the tropical Pacific, along the equator, and near 25°N and 25°S, TIWs force a significant increase in wind and rainfall variability from interseasonal to interannual time scales. Because of the stochastic nature of TIWs, this means that climate models that do not take them into account will underestimate the strength and numb

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Bagale, Damodar, and Deepak Aryal. "Monsoon Rainfall Variability in Large Excess Years." Perspectives on Higher Education 15, no. 01 (2025): 109–22. https://doi.org/10.3126/phe.v15i01.80874.

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The present study used 107 meteorological stations' rainfall time-series data from 1977 to 2018, over different physiographic regions of Nepal. The normal ratio method was adopted to fill in missing datasets. Monthly, seasonal, and annual data analyses were carried out for each site in Nepal. Non-parametric Mann-Kendall test identified monsoon rainfall decreasing by 0.36 mm/monsoon in the recent four decades. The east-west mid-mountainous range observed the heavy monsoon rainfall. The average monsoon rainfall is 1433.42 mm. The present study identified the seven large excess episodes. Out of t

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Braimah, Mohammed, Vincent A. Asante, Maureen A. Ahiataku, et al. "Variability of the Minor Season Rainfall over Southern Ghana (1981–2018)." Advances in Meteorology 2022 (April 22, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1861130.

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The monitoring of rainfall variability over recent decades has become a necessity due to its devastating effects such as floods and droughts, which render humans vulnerable across different parts of the West African region. The current study seeks to provide a good understanding of variability within the minor rainfall season over southern Ghana by employing statistical tools to quantify variability in rainfall. Daily rainfall data from 1981 to 2018 for seventeen (17) synoptic weather stations across southern Ghana are used for this analysis. We perform trend and descriptive statistics of rain

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Nouaceur, Zeineddine, Ovidiu Murărescu, and George Murătoreanu. "Rainfall Variability and Trend Analysis of Multiannual Rainfall in Romanian Plain." Annals of Valahia University of Targoviste, Geographical Series 17, no. 2 (2017): 124–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/avutgs-2017-0012.

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AbstractThe IPCC climate models predict, for the Central Europe, are for climate changes, being seen variability of temperature, with a growing trend of 1-2,5° C (with 1° C for alpine zone – Carpathians and 2-2,5° C for plains). Current observations in the Romanian plain are not consistent, with an existence of a multiannual variability of temperature and precipitations depending on cyclonal and anti-ciclonal activity. The research is based on calculation of reduced centered index, also the graphical chronological method in information processing (MGCTI) of „Bertin Matrix” type, to show curren

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Espinosa, Luis Angel, Maria Manuela Portela, João Dehon Pontes Filho, and Martina Zelenakova. "Bivariate Modelling of a Teleconnection Index and Extreme Rainfall in a Small North Atlantic Island." Climate 9, no. 5 (2021): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli9050086.

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This paper explores practical applications of bivariate modelling via copulas of two likely dependent random variables, i.e., of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) coupled with extreme rainfall on the small island of Madeira, Portugal. Madeira, due to its small size (∼740 km2), very pronounced mountain landscape, and location in the North Atlantic, experiences a wide range of rainfall regimes, or microclimates, which hamper the analyses of extreme rainfall. Previous studies showed that the influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on extreme rainfall is at its largest in the North At

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Peleg, N., M. Ben-Asher, and E. Morin. "Radar subpixel-scale rainfall variability and uncertainty: a lesson learned from observations of a dense rain-gauge network." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 1 (2013): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-1-2013.

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Abstract. Hydrological models for runoff estimations and flash-flood predictions are very sensitive to rainfall's spatial and temporal variability. The increasing use of radar and satellite data in hydrological applications, due to the sparse distribution of rain gauges over most catchments worldwide, requires improving our knowledge of the uncertainties of these data. In 2011, a new super-dense network of rain gauges, containing 27 gauges covering an area of about 4 km2, was installed near Kibbutz Galed in northern Israel. This network was established for a detailed exploration of the uncerta

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Mkhwanazi, Mcebisi M., Lindokuhle H. Ndzinisa, and Sanele J. Sacolo. "Effects of Rainfall Variability on Maize Production in Eswatini." Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology 43, no. 4 (2024): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2024/v43i44370.

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Crop production is increasingly under threat as rainfall becomes more erratic and unreliable due to climate change. The rainy season in Eswatini is mainly between October and March, but a variation in the amount of rainfall, onset and cessation of rainfall season, and dry spells has been lately threatening rain-fed maize production. This study was meant to assess the degree of rainfall variability and its impacts on rain-fed maize production in Eswatini. Rainfall data for the years 1991-2021 from six weather stations representing the various agro-ecological zones in Eswatini was obtained from

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Askin, Askin, Indarto Indarto, Dimas Ghufron Ash-Shiddiq, and Sri Wahyuningsih. "Variabilitas Spasial Hujan Tahunan di Wilayah UPT PSDA di Pasuruan, Jawa Timur : Analisis Histogram dan Normal QQ-Plot." Rona Teknik Pertanian 11, no. 1 (2018): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/rtp.v11i1.9981.

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Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis variabilitas spasial hujan di wilayah UPT PSDA di Pasuruan. Wilayah studi mencakup kabupaten Probolinggo, kota Probolinggo, Kabupaten Pasuruan dan Kota Pasuruan di Jawa Timur. Data hujan tahunan rerata (Hthn_rrt) dan hujan tahunan maksimal (HthnMaks) dihitung dari kumulatif data hujan harian pada 93 stasiun dan dijadikan sebagai input utama untuk analisis. Panjang periode rekaman data yang digunakan dari tahun 1980 sampai dengan 2015 (35 tahun). Tahap penelitian mencakup: (1) pra-pengolahan data, (2) analisis pendahuluan, (3) analisis menggu

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Shaikh, Dr. Shaista Yakub. "Study of the Spatio-Temporal Changing in Rainfall of Dharashiv District." International Journal of Advance and Applied Research 12, no. 2 (2024): 314–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14684523.

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<strong>Abstract :</strong> Rainfall is a vital component of the hydrological cycle, and its variability has significant impacts on agriculture, water resources, and ecosystems. This study investigates the spatio-temporal changes in rainfall in Dharashiv District, Maharashtra, India. Daily rainfall data from 2011 to 2021 were analyzed using statistical and geospatial techniques. The results show significant spatial and temporal variability in rainfall, with a decreasing trend in annual rainfall. The study identifies areas with high and low rainfall concentrations and highlights the importance

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Mantow, Peter Spee Junior, Janne Deivy Ticoh, and Djami Olii. "ANALISIS PENGARUH VARIABILITAS CURAH HUJAN TERHADAP FLUKTUASI PRODUKSI LISTRIK DI PLTA TONSEA LAMA." KNOWLEDGE: Jurnal Inovasi Hasil Penelitian dan Pengembangan 5, no. 2 (2025): 210–17. https://doi.org/10.51878/knowledge.v5i2.5176.

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This study aims to analyze the impact of rainfall variability on fluctuations in electricity production at the Tonsealama Hydropower Plant. The analysis utilized rainfall and electricity production data over a five-year period from 2019 to 2023. Results indicate a significant correlation between rainfall variability and electricity output at the plant. Generally, an increase in rainfall corresponds with an increase in electricity production, while a decrease in rainfall leads to a reduction in power generation. However, high fluctuations in rainfall also cause notable instability in electricit

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Mondal, M. Shahjahan, Sara Nowreen, and Mostofa Najmus Sakib. "Scale-Dependent Reliability of Projected Rainfalls over Bangladesh with the PRECIS Model." Climate 8, no. 2 (2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli8020020.

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The regional climate model, Providing REgional Climates for Impact Studies (PRECIS), has been widely used throughout the world to generate climate change projections for impact studies and adaptations. Its recent application in South Asia also includes the projection of rainfall extremes. In spite of its wide application, a stringent validation of the model is yet to be reported. In this study, we assessed the performance of the model in simulating annual, monthly and extreme rainfalls over Bangladesh by using a number of statistical techniques, e.g., pattern (both spatial and temporal) correl

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Cahyadi, Ahmad, Eko Haryono, Tjahyo Nugroho Adji, et al. "RAINFALL VARIABILITY IN GUNUNGSEWU KARST AREA, JAVA ISLAND, INDONESIA." Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research 8, no. 1 (2021): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2021.8.1.23-35.

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Karst area is highly susceptible to changes to climate parameters. One of the parameters is rainfall variability. In addition to shaping the condition of water resources, rainfall in the Gunung Sewu karst area determines the nature of crop and livestock of the agriculture sectors―the local population's main economic activities, warranting the significance of the rainfall variability studies. Rainfall variability in karst areas also affects disaster conditions such as drought and floods. However, due to insufficient meteorological data in quality and quantity, there has been no rainfall variabi

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Cahyadi, Ahmad, Eko Haryono, Tjahyo Nugroho Adji, et al. "RAINFALL VARIABILITY IN GUNUNGSEWU KARST AREA, JAVA ISLAND, INDONESIA." Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research 8, no. 1 (2021): 23–35. https://doi.org/10.59465/ijfr.2021.8.1.23-35.

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Karst area is highly susceptible to changes to climate parameters. One of the parameters is rainfall variability. In addition to shaping the condition of water resources, rainfall in the Gunung Sewu karst area determines the nature of crop and livestock of the agriculture sectors―the local population's main economic activities, warranting the significance of the rainfall variability studies. Rainfall variability in karst areas also affects disaster conditions such as drought and floods. However, due to insufficient meteorological data in quality and quantity, there has been no rainfall variabi

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Priyakumara, U. L. A. S., and E. M. S. Ranasinghe. "Rainfall Variability in Ratnapura District: A Comparative Study of the Two 30-year Standard Periods of 1961-1990 and 1991-2020." Sri Lanka Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 3, no. 2 (2023): 165–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljssh.v3i2.109.

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Ratnapura district in Sri Lanka could be identified as an area that is constantly affected by the adverse effects of rainfall variability; hence it is important to study the temporal patterns and distribution of rainfall variability in the area during the recent past decades. Therefore, this research aims to compare the annual and seasonal rainfall variability of the Ratnapura district based on the standard 30-year periods of 1961-1990 and 1991-2020. Fundamental statistical methods of coefficient of variation, Precipitation Concentration Index, and Standardised Precipitation Index were used to

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Zhou, Yan, Zhongmin Liang, Binquan Li, Yixin Huang, Kai Wang, and Yiming Hu. "Seamless Integration of Rainfall Spatial Variability and a Conceptual Hydrological Model." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (2021): 3588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063588.

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Rainfall is an important input to conceptual hydrological models, and its accuracy would have a considerable effect on that of the model simulations. However, traditional conceptual rainfall-runoff models commonly use catchment-average rainfall as inputs without recognizing its spatial variability. To solve this, a seamless integration framework that couples rainfall spatial variability with a conceptual rainfall-runoff model, named the statistical rainfall-runoff (SRR) model, is built in this study. In the SRR model, the exponential difference distribution (EDD) is proposed to describe the sp

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SRIVASTAVA, A. K., G. P. SINGH, and O. P. SINGH. "Variability and trends in extreme rainfall over India." MAUSAM 67, no. 4 (2021): 745–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v67i4.1406.

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This study has been attempted to investigate the seasonal and annual trends and variations in the occurrence of extreme rainfall over different Indian region and India as a whole. Trends and variations are examined on the basis of following parameters (i) frequency and magnitude of extreme rainfall intensity (ERI) and its contribution in total rainfall (ii) highest rainfall events (iii) frequency of extreme rainfall events and days (iv) frequency of rainfall events and days with daily rainfall above 100 mm and 200 mm in a grid box (1° × 1°) over different Indian regions and India as a whole. D

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O. Frank, Lydia, and Pradhan Parth Sarthi. "Causal Relationships between Monsoon Systems, the Mascarene High, and Rainfall Variability over Botswana, Southern Africa." Journal of Atmospheric Science Research 7, no. 3 (2024): 129–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.30564/jasr.v7i3.6190.

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Climate change and variability pose significant threats to southern Africa, with projected continuous drought in Botswana. This study examines the causal relationships between African-Indian monsoon systems (East Africa, West Africa, and Peninsula India), the Mascarene High, and interannual rainfall variability over Botswana. Using statistical analysis and mapping techniques (Pearson correlation statistics and convergent cross mapping (CCM)), the authors analysed the impact of these weather systems on rainfall variability from 1979 to 2021. The findings reveal significant negative associations

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Bagale, Damdar. "Temporal variability of seasonal and annual rainfall in Nepal." Journal of Nepal Hydrogeological Association 1 (September 1, 2024): 57–66. https://doi.org/10.3126/jnha.v1i1.78222.

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This study analyzed 107 weather stations' 42-year rainfall data (1977-2018), using the normal ratio method to estimate missing rainfall from nearby stations. This study identified the mean winter, monsoon, and annual rainfall as 69.7 mm, 1433.2 mm, and 1791.5 mm respectively. The winter, monsoon, and annual rainfall have large temporal variability. Nepal received high rainfall from Jun to September (monsoon) and the rest of the eight months received low rainfall causing water scarcity in Nepal. This study examined the increase of rainfall with heights up to mid-mountain then the rainfall decre

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Eddenjal, Ali Salem. "Spatio Temporal Variability of Rainfall Across Western Libya from 1979 to 2009." Current Environmental Management 6, no. 3 (2020): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2212717806666191022175547.

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Aims: To understand the links between climate variability and hydrology in western Libya. Background: This study represents the first comprehensive assessment of rainfall variability in western Libya at a regional scale. Objective: To assess temporal and spatial variability of rainfall in western Libya, based on data (1979-2009) from 16 rain gauges. Methods: The non-parametric Mann-Kendall method and Sen’s slop estimator were used to define changes in rainfall series and their statistical significance. Results: Coastal and mountainous time series showed decreasing trends at the annual, autumn,

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Ndakize Joseph, Sebaziga, Safaris Bonfils, Ngaina Ndiwa Joshua, et al. "Rainfall variability and trends over Rwanda." Journal of Climate Change and Sustainability 4, no. 1 (2022): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20987/jccs.04.06.2022.

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Rainfall is regarded as one of the foundational concepts for comprehending climate variability and/or change. This paper aimed at examining the seasonal and annual rainfall variability and its associated trends over Rwanda between 1981 and 2017. The Coefficient of Variation (CV) was used to determine the rainfall variability. Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator techniques were used to detect trends and to quantify the magnitude of change. High rainfall variability was observed over eastern Rwanda, around Kigali city and central plateau, while the south-western, western and the north hi

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