Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Velvet tamarind extracts”

<em>Velvet tamarind is used in folk medicine for the management of gastrointestinal disease. In this study, the effect of the fruit pulp extract on some gastrointestinal function prepared from the fruit pulp was subjected to analysis and the acute toxicity (LD50) evaluated rates. The effects on gastrointestinal function were studied in different experimental groups of the animals. In the first section, 20 adult Wistar rats were assigned to four (4) groups of five (5) rats each we studied. Group one served as control while group 2, 3, and 4 were treated with 250, 500, and 1000mg/kg of the extract via oral route respectively. After 28 days of treatment, the body weight changes, Liver function parameters, bile secretion, bile electrolytes and extractable mucus were determined respectively. In the second phase of the experiment, the effects of the extract on gastrointestinal motility (in-vivo) were determined. Twenty-five (25) rats were assigned to five (5) groups of 5 rats each, group one which served as control received 0.2ml of Normal saline while group 2, 3, 4, and 5 received Loperamide (0.4mg/kg), 250, 500, and 1000mg/kg of extract respectively. After thirty (30) minutes, 1ml of activated charcoal was given orally to each of the animal respectively. The animals were sacrificed after thirty (30) minutes to determine the distance travelled by the charcoal meal, hence GIT motility. The third phase of the study carried out was on the healing effects of ulcer wears, hence the determination of antioxidants constituents of the extracts. Other sets of twenty-five (25) Animals grouped into five groups of five animals, with group one as control while group 2, 3, 4 served as test groups respectively. The control received Normal saline whereas the respective groups were pre-treated with the extracts as in phase two above. Results of the study showed abundance of phytochemicals present in the extracts. The LD50 showed a value above 5000mg/kg. The body weight changes were not statistically significant (P&gt;0.05) but Bile sections, electrolytes were significantly high (P&gt;0.05) though dose dependent. The results of GIT motility showed significant decrease with increased amelioration in ulcer wounds. The extractable mucus weight was also statistically significant (P&lt;0.05). The use of velvet tamarind extracts might be of value in the management of gastrointestinal abnormality as earlier claimed by the unorthodox folk traditional medicine healers.</em> <em>&nbsp;</em>

Black Velvet Tamarind (BVT) is a famous edible fruit with multiple therapeutic properties. The aim of this study was to determine the secondary metabolites and evaluate the medicinal activities of the seed extract of the plant in order to scientifically report its possible medicinal applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. The pulverized seed was extracted with methanol/ethylacetate (2:1) and the concentrated extract was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the antioxidant capacity was evaluated using galvinoxyl and 2,2ʹ-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assays while the antibacterial activity was determined by agar-well diffusion method. From the GC-MS analysis, Twenty (20) organic compounds were identified in the seed extract, accounting for 99.3% of the identifiable components in the seed extract, and the main constituents were:4-O-methylmannose (40.46%), 9,9-dimethoxybicyclo[3.3.1]nona-2,4-dione (12.30%), palmitic acid (10.00%), nitroisobutylglycerol (8.60%), simiarenol (4.77%) and methyl-α-d-mannofuranoside (4.70%). The extract also contained some notable therapeutically active phenolic compounds such as dihydrochavicol (3.60%), p-chloro-m-cresol (0.67%) and p-vinylguaiacol (0.1%). The seed extract possesses significant free radical scavenging and antioxidant (IC50 and AAI) properties; for galvinoxyl assay (30.00-34.00%), 5.0 and 8.4 and DPPH assay (86.78-90.57%), 6.0 and AAI of 6.7, respectively. The result showed that the antioxidant properties of the seed extract of BVT increased in dose-concentration manner due to the synergetic activity of secondary metabolites present in the seed extract. This study showed that the seed of BVT possesses antioxidant and antimicrobial potential and it might be useful against ROS and RNS induced disorders. The seed of BVT can be used as an easily accessible source of natural antioxidant. The extract has high inhibitory effects at different concentrations (1000-250 µgml-1 ) on Enterococcus faecalis (30 mm) and Serratia marcescens (15 mm) isolated from clinical samples. The susceptibility of Gram positive and negative bacterial strains to the seed extract was due to the synergic activities of the secondary metabolites in the seed extract, most especially the phenolic compound and the terpenoids. This study showed that the seed extract of BVT has medicinally bioactive phytochemicals that may be useful in the formulation of food preservatives or drug supplements and treatment of bacterial infections

Presently, chewy food products are at risk of contamination of non-halal pork gelatin for Muslim consumers. Thus, the sensory study is vital to ensure that products using halal gelatin will have comparable quality. This work was aimed at studying the influence of the formulation and processing of sweet chewy products made from velvet tamarind (VT). The effects of gelatin content from 1.5 to 9% on sensory acceptance were examined. The results revealed that gelatin of 9% was the highest sensory score in all sensory aspects, which were statistically significant differences between the groups studied (p≤0.05). It had an overall liking score of 7.23 (like moderately). A comparison study on sugar ratio and filtration process on physical-chemical properties and sensory acceptance was also conducted. Sensory testing showed that the VT solution content at UVT, ratio 1:1.74 gave the highest average preference score was different significantly from average (p≤0.05). It had an overall liking score of 7.15 (like moderately). The products of best chewy VT found that the moisture content, aw and pH was 4.98%, 0.66 and 3.65, respectively. It was found that the extract contained a substantial amount of antioxidants in the form of vitamin C and phenolic compounds, where the IC50 was evaluated at 53.64 µg/mL. Therefore, the quality of the halal sweet chewy products was found to be acceptable by the sensory evaluation of panel members.

Objective: The study was carried out in order to document the phytochemical contents and radical scavenging capacities of different wild fruits consumed in south eastern Nigeria.&#x0D; Methods: Phytochemical screening and in-vitro antioxidant studies were carried out using standard method.&#x0D; Result: The results of quantitative phytochemical screening indicated the presence of flavonoids, tannins, phenols, terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, steroids, oxalate and cardiac glycosides in varying concentrations. The in vitro antioxidant study showed that African elemi and African velvet tamarind with EC50 1.68 ± 0.03 and 1.81 ± 0.01 µg/ml respectively scavenged DPPH radical more than other extracts compared to ascorbic acid EC50 1.25 ± 0.02 while wild mango (EC50 0.98 ± 0.01 μg/ml), pepper fruits (EC50 1.75 ± 0.02 μg/ml) and date fruit (EC50 1.88 ± 0.01 μg/ml) scavenged hydroxyl radical more than other extracts used in this study. All the extract showed a concentration dependency in reducing ferric iron to ferrous ion, also date fruit (0.11 ± 0.00 μg/ml) had more of the total antioxidant compounds in this study compared to ascorbic acid (0.22 ± 0.01μg/ml).&#x0D; Conclusion: The high quantity of phytochemicals and radical scavenging capacity of the wild fruits shows their importance in nutrition; therefore wild fruits should be included in our daily diet to improve the quality and nutritional values of food.