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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Vending stands"
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BRYAN, FRANK L., SILVIA C. MICHANIE, PERSIA ALVAREZ i AURELIO PANIAGUA. "Critical Control Points of Street-Vended Foods in the Dominican Republic". Journal of Food Protection 51, nr 5 (1.05.1988): 373–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-51.5.373.
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Hazard analyses were conducted at four street-vending stands in the Dominican Republic. Temperatures of foods were measured during cooking, display (holding), and reheating (when done). Samples were taken at each step of the operation and at 5 to 6-h intervals during display. Foods usually attained temperatures that exceeded 90°C at the geometric center during cooking and reheating. At three of the stands, foods (e.g., fish, chickens, pork pieces) were fried and held until sold. Leftovers were held overnight at ambient temperatures in the home of the vendor or in a locked compartment of the stand. They were usually reheated early in the morning and displayed until sold. During the interval of holding, aerobic mesophilic counts progressively increased with time from about 103 after cooking to between 105 to 109/g. The higher counts were usually associated with holding overnight. Escherichia coli (in water, milk and cheese samples), Bacillus cereus (in bean and rice samples), and Clostridium perfringens (in meat, chicken and bean samples) were isolated, but usually in numbers less than 103/g. At the other stand, foods (e.g. beans, rice, meat and chicken) were cooked just before serving as complete meals. There were no leftovers. This operation was less hazardous, although there were many sanitary deficiencies. Recommendations for prevention and control of microbial hazards (mainly reducing holding time, periodic reheating and requesting reheating just before purchasing) are given. The need and suggestions for implementing educational activities to alert and inform those concerned about hazards and preventive measures are presented.
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Wiatrowski, Michał, Ewa Czarniecka-Skubina, Joanna Trafiałek i Elżbieta Rosiak. "An Evaluation of the Hygiene Practices of Polish Street Food Vendors in Selected Food Trucks and Stands". Foods 10, nr 11 (31.10.2021): 2640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10112640.
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Today, street food vending is becoming a dynamically developing food industry in Europe, including Poland. Lifestyle changes and socioeconomic factors, especially among young consumers, make it a convenient food alternative, even in countries without this tradition. The aim of the study was to evaluate hygiene conditions and practices in selected street food facilities in Poland. The study was carried out in accordance with an observation checklist developed on the basis of the hygienic requirements of the European Union. The study covered 550 randomly selected street food vendors in Poland in 10 cities. The hygiene of street food outlets was assessed in three aspects: ensuring proper production conditions, hygiene of production and distribution, and hygiene of personnel. The evaluation of street food outlets showed that the level of hygiene was not fully acceptable. A small percentage of the examined objects satisfactorily fulfilled the requirements of the production conditions, production and distribution hygiene, and staff hygiene. The proposed hygienic checklist for quick daily monitoring of street food outlets can be used to perform internal and external inspections. It seems that specific codes of conduct for European street foods facilities are necessary.
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Etzold, B. "Raumaneignungen, Regeln und Profite in Dhakas Feld des Straßenhandels – Sozialgeographische Erklärungsversuche auf Grundlage von Bourdieus Theorie der Praxis". Geographica Helvetica 69, nr 1 (3.04.2014): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-69-37-2014.
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Abstract. The paper discusses street vendors' spatial appropriations and the governance of public space in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. The much debated question in social geography how people's position in social space relates to their position in physical space (and vice versa) stands at the centre of the analysis. I use Bourdieu's Theory of Practice to discuss this dialectic relation at two analytical levels. On a micro-political level it is shown that the street vendors' social positions and the informal rules of the street structure their access to public space and thus determine their "spatial profits". At a macro-political level, it is not only the conditions inside the "field of street vending" that matter for the hawkers, but also their relation to the state-controlled "field of power". The paper demonstrates that Bourdieu's key ideas can be linked to current debates about spatial appropriation and informality. Moreover, I argue that Bourdieu's theory builds an appropriate basis for a relational, critical, and reflexive social geography in the Urban South.
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Teubner, Melina. "Eat the street". Revista Ingesta 1, nr 2 (30.11.2019): 167–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2596-3147.v1i2p167-168.
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Female street vendors were a common sight in cities worldwide in the first half of the 19th century. Fields of history like women’s history have dealt with the role of these street vendors in European cities. In recent decades, female street vendors have also been studied by a number of Brazilian scholars, who have shed light on urban slavery, domestic slavery and other forms of unfree labor. These studies commonly focus on community building among urban slaves and the formation of a West African diaspora. All around the globe female street vendors were (and still are) not merely passive victims of marginalization, but capable actors, who created a gendered niche of economic opportunity, through the capitalization of their cooking and vending skills. The popularity of female hawkers was closely connected to their being women.
Until now, few studies explore the food stalls in the city of Rio de Janeiro in the first half of the 19th century as special places of consumption within a global perspective. Street food gave rise to a working-class consumer culture. This study aims to focus on the social, material and imaginary aspects of these vending places. What role did they play within the consumer culture of Rio de Janeiro? What food did they provide? What was the communication between vendors and customers like? These questions are especially interesting to ask against the background of Rio de Janeiro’s intensive sociocultural transformation in the years between 1830 and 1860, after the official prohibition of the transatlantic slave trade.
Places of food consumption such as the Paris-style restaurant (representative of luxury dining) and taverns (representative of more commonplace, popular restaurants) saw a great increase in the first half of the 19th century.
Analyzing food stands as places of food consumption offers the possibility to break up the narrative of the male centered public sphere and show that women especially played a crucial role in providing 19th century cities with food. Daily newspapers, contemporary descriptions by foreign visitors and social novels demonstrate in an excellent manner the contemporary discourse of eating out, the dishes that were served, who consumed these dishes and female vendors in a global perspective.
The paper argues that eating out was not only a necessity for some, but also a form of entertainment comparable to professional theater plays. Food stands were places were gender roles, prejudices against foreign food and sexual honor were negotiated. Since cooking is one of the most time-consuming types of labor in history the paper combines food history with labor history and demonstrates public eating as a special form of entertainment.
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Prevolšek, Vanja, Andrej Ovca i Mojca Jevšnik. "Fulfilment of technical and hygienic requirements among street food vendors in Slovenia". British Food Journal 123, nr 13 (2.04.2021): 105–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-11-2020-1056.
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PurposeThis cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the compliance of hygienic and technical standards of street food vendors in Slovenia with the requirements of the general hygienic food principals set in the Codex Alimentarius and Regulation (EC) No. 852/2004 on the hygiene of foodstuffs.Design/methodology/approachFood vendors were observed directly and discretely using a semi-structured observation sheet that allowed fast evaluation. The employee's behaviour was not affected during the observations because they were not aware of being observed. Each observation lasted approximately 30 min. Food vendors were divided into groups according to their location, type of facility, number of employees and type of food sold.FindingsDepending on the type of street vendor, more inconsistencies were found amongst food stands compared to food trucks and kiosks. Most food trucks and kiosks scored very high in both personal and hygienic-technical standards. Some of the major inconsistencies were lack of suitably located washbasins, improper hand-washing technique, improper waste management, working surfaces that were inadequately separated from consumers, and inconsistent maintenance of the cold chain. Food handlers have been confirmed as a critical risk factor.Research limitations/implicationsDespite methodology validation, the data was collected by a single observer, limiting the ability to obtain a more reliable estimate of the observations. The sample was disproportionate according to the type of street food facilities.Practical implicationsThe results provide a basis for (1) national professional guidelines of good hygiene practices for food business operators, which should cover street food vendors more extensively in future updates, and (2) the development of food safety training programmes tailored for street vendors.Originality/valueThe study provides valuable insights into current hygienic-technical conditions of the street food vending sector.
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Culcea, M., E. Darie, S. Gheorghe, R. Pecsi i M. I. Savaniu. "The influence of a DC-AC inverter used in a stand-alone vending machine equipped with photovoltaic panels". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1185, nr 1 (1.05.2023): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1185/1/012003.
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Abstract In this paper, we present an experimental model of a vending machine equipped with a stand-alone photovoltaic system and a DC-AC inverter used as the power supply for the refrigerator’s compressor. The harmonics generated by the inverter will be monitored using a power analyser and processed with a dedicated software. The acquired data is compared to the data obtained from data acquisition board specially built for the experimental model of the vending machine.
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Kerinska, Nikoleta. "Creativity through Autonomy: The Real Challenge of the Computer Art Today". Balkan Journal of Philosophy 15, nr 1 (2023): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/bjp20231519.
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This paper questions the notion of creativity found in certain artworks produced with A.I. technologies. The artistic examples concerned are: The Giver of names by David Rokeby, Oscar by Catherine Ikam and Louis Fléri, and Emotion Vending Machine by Maurice Benayoun. These artworks were selected because they stand out for their autonomous behavior in front of the human public. In this context, creativity is revealed as a consequence of the functional autonomy, which is very typical of these pieces of art. The intention is to establish a relationship between the notion of autonomy and that of creativity, reviewing their meanings and applications in philosophy and in the field of life science.
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Severin Frandsen, Martin. "Genopdagelsen af gadens kultur – om Isaac Joseph og den pragmatiske vending i fransk bysociologi". Dansk Sociologi 22, nr 1 (29.03.2011): 7–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v22i1.3473.
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Denne artikel tager afsæt i den aktuelle sociologiske og offentlige diskussion om offentlige byrum og præsenterer nyere og i dansk sammenhæng stort set ukendte bidrag fra den strømning i fransk sociologi, der betegnes som ”den pragmatiske vending”. Artiklen har to hovedpointer. For det første at den pragmatiske bysociologi kan bidrage til denne diskussion ved at beskrive og fremhæve betydningen af de oftest upåagtede og dagligdags kompetencer, ved hjælp af hvilke byboere skaber sociale overenskomster og fredelig sameksistens på offentlige steder i socialt og kulturelt differentierede byer. For det andet at bysociologien ifølge de pragmatiske sociologer ikke kan standse ved analyser af segregation, ghettodannelser og lokale fællesskabers tilegnelser af territorier. ”At tænke byen” indebærer at bevæge sig videre til også at undersøge de byrumsmæssige design og trafikale forbindelser og passageveje, der skaber sammenhængen i det urbane væv og tillader byboeren at overvinde fremmedheden på et ikke fortroligt territorium.
ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Martin Severin Frandsen: Rediscovering Urban Culture and Public Space: On Isaac Joseph and the Pragmatic Turn in French Urban Sociology
This article analyses current sociological and public discussions concerning public urban spaces, and introduces new (and in a Danish context largely unknown) contributions from the movement in French sociology that has been labelled ”the pragmatic turn”. The article makes two main arguments. Firstly, the pragmatic urban sociology can contribute to these discussions by highlighting the importance of the often unnoticed and everyday civilities through which city-dwellers create social agreements and peaceful co-existence in public places in socially and culturally heterogeneous cities. Secondly, urban sociology cannot, according to the pragmatic sociologists, stop with inquiries into segregation, ghettos and local populations appropriations of territories. Imagining the city implies moving on to explore the designs of public spaces and public transit systems that create continuity and mobility in urban agglomerations and allow city-dwellers to overcome the strangeness of unfamiliar territories.
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Funderburk, LesLee, Thomas Cardaci, Andrew Fink, Keyanna Taylor, Jane Rohde i Debra Harris. "Healthy Behaviors through Behavioral Design–Obesity Prevention". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, nr 14 (14.07.2020): 5049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145049.
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Evidence for behavior modification for improved health outcomes was evaluated for nutrition, physical activity (PA), and indoor environmental quality (IEQ). The databases searched included LISTA, PubMed, and Web of Science, with articles rated using an a priori baseline score of 70/100 to establish inclusion. The initial search produced 52,847 articles, 63 of which were included in the qualitative synthesis. Thirteen articles met inclusion for nutrition: cafeteria interventions, single interventions, and vending interventions. Seventeen articles on physical activity were included: stair use, walking, and adjustable desks. For IEQ, 33 articles met inclusion: circadian disruption, view and natural light, and artificial light. A narrative synthesis was used to find meaningful connections across interventions with evidence contributing to health improvements. Commonalities throughout the nutrition studies included choice architecture, increasing the availability of healthy food items, and point-of-purchase food labeling. Interventions that promoted PA included stair use, sit/stand furniture, workplace exercise facilities and walking. Exposure to natural light and views of natural elements were found to increase PA and improve sleep quality. Overexposure to artificial light may cause circadian disruption, suppressing melatonin and increasing risks of cancers. Overall, design that encourages healthy behaviors may lower risks associated with chronic disease.
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Guichard, Raul. "Um «Caso Exemplar» ou um «Exemplo Casual»?" Review of Business and Legal Sciences, nr 4 (3.07.2017): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.26537/rebules.v0i4.786.
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Faz tempo, o autor destas linhas foi confrontado com o «caso» que a seguir se expõe de modo simplificado (e, naturalmente, com nomes fictícios). AGENOR, já num quarto e serôdio casamento, mantinha, na maior discrição, relações extra-matrimoniais com CALISTA, também casada. Esta sempre cobiçara os inúmeros carros de alta cilindrada que aquele ciosamente possuía. Elanguescido pela idade, AGENOR acedeu às requestas da sedutora amante. Todavia, para se assegurar que a sua esposa de nada viria a saber, acordou com DOLÃO, procurador de CALISTA, e íntimo da sua casa -como mais à frente melhor se verá -, uma venda aparente. Venda que foi reduzida a escrito. Sucedeu ainda que DOLÃO, com o seu amigo ESQUIÃO, possuidor de um «stand de carros», tinha depreciado o valor da «máquina», a fim de remover as últimas resistências de AGENOR.Entretanto, CALISTA, convertida momentaneamente aos preceitos da fidelidade conjugal, deixou de corresponder às pretensões do amante. No ínterim, quase dois anos, o automóvel permaneceu «nas mãos» de DOLÃO.Mais tarde, ESQUIÃO, consciente de que a venda anterior escondia uma doação, mas ignorando os meandros da vida amorosa de AGENOR, convenceu DOLÃO a vender-lhe o valioso automóvel, sob ameaça de inconfidência acerca do «affair» que no passado aquele mantivera com a esposa de AGENOR. Contudo, à altura, DOLÃO já não detinha poderes para agir em nome de CALISTA. A qual, porém, quando finalmente soube que lhe tinha sido doado o carro e que este fora vendido posteriormente, se apressou, na ignorancia das peripécias ulteriores, a receber o preço.Volvidos mais dois anos, AGENOR, depeitado pelo repúdio intransigente de CALISTA, e ceinte agora do valor do disputado automóvel, pretende reavê-lo.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Vending stands"
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Shamsad, Bushra. "Accommodating street enterprises in the urban built environment of Bangladesh the case of Khulna City /". Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38348731.
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Sinha, Siddhant. "Street-side parallels : Bombay : contestation of everyday life with order". Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1365785.
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If there is anything that challenges a discussion about architecture, it would be defining architecture. It is too broad a subject to construct any particular opinion and follow on, even while attempting to create an understanding of it at the level within graduate program. For me, in a way, architecture has constantly re-constructed its character and impression, and that by itself becomes its permanent trait vis-a-vis a given place and time. But, it also subtly shifts its prominence from being an object to being an experience, from being permanent to being ephemeral or from being a summation to being a subtraction. At this moment, my pursuit of understanding architecture lies in its subtraction or absence from a collage of variables that compose everyday life.Revisiting Bombay's busy streets after spending a considerable amount of time in the United States was a familiar experience for me, but it quickly helped me recognize and acknowledge constituents of my everyday living (associated with the events of the city) that were immediately subtracted while living in the West. An everyday experienceassociated with the city, like the vending stalls, convenience stores, songs, noise, people, etc. could not be found in cities I visited in the U.S. All these experiences such as eating at food stalls and having a cup of tea on the street-side, buying electronics and latest music albums from a make-shift stall assembled from pieces of wooden planks; or simply walking on the street-side as if it were never a side walk but a festival of attainable consumerism - collectively form an event that is embedded in Bombay's urbanism. Herein, I chose to get up-close with the actors and their created spaces and interview them in order to gain insights into the totality of making a living on the street-side. Additionally, in order to extend my knowledge of architecture, I designed a vending stall that both acknowledges the worlds of the street-side and vendors, even as it is informed by my training as an architect.I am challenged as a graduate student to consider architecture within the context of my everyday life. A whole new dimension of space (of ad-hoc and tactical nature) that has always been there, gradually and randomly shaping my relationship with the city's streets while challenging the order of the city. Although invisibly present all the time, this study has made me more aware of its influence. Hence, I have tried to readdress everyday life on the street-sides within the local and global settings of Bombay, studying events and people associated with it. Looking for a probable architecture on the street-sides of Bombay within the boundaries of the quotidian and the modem realities becomes my thesis.Department of Architecture
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Dube, Thulani. "An investigation of the contribution of street vending on livelihoods : case of street vendors in Nkonkobe Municipality". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/6068.
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The informal sector thrives in a context of high unemployment, underemployment, poverty, gender inequality and precarious work. It plays a significant role in such circumstances, especially in income generation and in contributing to the livelihood of those engaged in it. The study investigated the contribution of street vending to the livelihood of street vendors in Nkonkobe Municipality. The aim of the study was to investigate whether street vending has the potential to sustain the lives of those engaged in it. In order to reach its objectives, the study employed a qualitative research approach whereby a non-probability sampling design in the form of a purposive sampling method was adopted and considered appropriate for this study. In terms of data collection, the study made use of structured questionnaires as a data collection method whereby questionnaires were administered and distributed to 40 street venders. The Upper Bound Poverty Line (UBPL) was used as a measurement to assess whether the participants’ incomes were above the poverty datum line in order to determine the sector’s contribution to the traders’ livelihood. From this study, it was found that street vending has both positive and negative impacts with regard to the success and profit-earning potential of these traders. Thus, the study concluded that street vending is a vital community development tool and a major source of livelihood as it plays a very important socio-economic role in Nkonkobe and in South Africa in general. The sector provides a livelihood for a huge population mainly comprised of the poor and other impoverished groups of society.
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Terblanche, Freda Marié. "Street trading in South Africa : an investigation with the emphasis on the policies of major local authorities towards street trading". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52462.
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Thesis (MS en S)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Informal street trading is an aspect with which South Africa's ever growing cities need to cope. Since the earliest times, trade has played an important role in creating livelihoods for many people. In today's society - characterised by unemployment and underdevelopment - informal street traders have recognised that there is a gap in the market, and thus, by plying their trade they created a sustainable livelihood for themselves. It has to be admitted that town planning over the years neglected the role of the informal street trader, and not much was done by way of creating a city sphere to accommodate the street trader. In chapter two of this study the discussion addresses the historical role and activities of the informal street trader, and surveys aspects of legislation and racism that played a prominent role in previous times. Authorities did not regard informal trading in a positive light and many harsh steps were taken against street traders. This provides one of the reasons why no latitude was granted to informal street trading and why South Africa's existing efforts to accommodate informal street trade could at best be described as dismal. In chapter three the role and extent of informal trading in the economy is discussed. A study was made of the possible reasons why the informal street trade has emerged, and the contribution of the informal trade towards South Africa's Gross Domestic Product, is also dealt with. Today informal street trade is viewed as one of the ways by means of which to alleviate South Africa's existing employment crisis and accommodation of the informal street trade is seen as a top priority. When considering the phenomenon of informal street trading, it is impossible to ignore the people who are involved in this sector. They have created not only jobs for themselves, but a sustainable way of living. Chapter four attends to the characteristics of the informal street trader and also addresses the problems and challenges that these people have to face. Addressing these problems or challenges is not an easy task, and one of-the major problems in this respect has been the question of legislation. Informal street trading needs to be directed through laws and policies, aimed at addressing traders' needs and which are proactive in creating a positive trading environment. In chapters five and six the legislation and regulation of informal street trading in three of South Africa's major metropolitan cities - Cape Town, Port Elizabeth and Durban - are reported. Chapter seven contains the conclusions of the study, followed by some policy recommendations. These are based on the findings made in the study on informal street trading, and could possibly enhance the proactive control and development of informal street trading.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Informele straathandel is 'n verskynsel wat volop in Suid-Afrikaanse stede voorkom. Handel is verantwoordelik vir die skep van werksgeleenthede en in vandag se samelewing, wat gekarakteriseer word deur armoede en werkloosheid, bied informele straathandel 'n uitweg aan menige persone om In bestaan te voer. Deur die jare het stadsbeplanning nie die nodige aandag aan die informele straathandelsektor gegee nie en meeste Suid-Afrikaanse stede kan nie hierdie tipe aktiwiteit suksesvol akkommodeer me. In hoofstuk twee van hierdie studie word daar ondersoek ingestel na die historiese agtergrond en aktiwiteite van die informele straathandelaar en word kwessies soos wetgewing en rasisme aangespreek. Owerhede het tydens die vorige bedeling nie die straathandel as 'n positiewe aspek van Suid-Afrika se groeiende stede beskou nie en sterk maatreels is teen straathandelaars gene em. Weens hierdie stappe en aksies, het dit gelei tot 'n stedelike omgewing wat nie straathandelaars vandag kan akkommodeer nie, en word dit ook as die rede beskou waarom huidige pogings tot die akkommodasie van straathandel nie as besonder suksesvol beskou kan word nie. In hoofstuk drie word die rol en mate waartoe informele straathandel tot die land se ekonomie bydra, bespreek. Die moontlike redes is ondersoek om die ontstaan van die informele straathandelsektor te identifiseer, en ook is gekyk na die bydraes wat die straathandel tot Suid-Afrika se Bruto Binnelandse Produk maak. Vandag word die informele straathandel as 'n moontlike oplossing vir armoede en werkloosheid in Suid- Afrika beskou en word die ontwikkeling van die sektor as 'n top prioriteit hanteer. Daar is ook ondersoek ingestel na die mense wat betrokke is in informele straathandel. Hierdie deel van die bevolking was in staat om op 'n volhoubare manier werk vir hulself te skep. Hoofstuk vier stel ondersoek in na die kenmerke van die informele straathandelaars en kyk ook na die daaglikse probleme en uitdagings wat hierdie mense beleef. Om hierdie probleme en uitdagings te bowe te kom, is nie eenvoudig nie, maar die grootste probleem vir straathandelaars spruit voort uit wetgewing oor die sektor. Informele straathandel benodig rigtinggewende w.etgewing en beleid wat die sektor se behoeftes en probleme aanspreek en ook 'n positiewe omgewing vir die straathandelaars skep om in te werk. Hoofstukke vyf en ses stel ondersoek in na die bestaande wetgewing oor informele straathandel, soos dit aangetref word in drie van Suid-Afrika se grootste stede, Kaapstad, Port Elizabeth en Durban. In hoofstuk sewe word die gevolgtrekking en beleidsvoorstelle rondom die bevindings van die studie gemaak. Dit sal dan moontlik lei tot die bevordering en skep van 'n gunstige en pro-aktiewe omgewing waarbinne informele straathandel kan floreer.
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Novie, Alexander G. "Street Level Food Networks: Understanding Ethnic Food Cart Supply Chains in Eastern Portland, OR". PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2084.
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Portland, OR, is the site of a unique urban food cart phenomenon that provides opportunities for small business ownership and access points for culturally specific food for the city's foreign-born and minority populations. Known as a "foodie haven," Portland also has an active sustainable food movement with engaged citizens and support from city and regional policies aimed at significantly increasing the consumption of local food. To date, there have been no in-depth studies on the sourcing habits of Portland food cart owners and whether or not these street-level actors are involved in the area's local alternative food movements (AFNs). The current understanding of the Portland food cart phenomenon is based on studies that have focused on carts and pods located in the central business district and "inner-ring" areas of the city. Areas beyond these locations (defined as Eastern Portland) are currently home to the majority of the city's growing foreign-born and minority populations. This thesis uses a situational analysis framework to explore the food supply practices of ethnic food cart owners operating in Eastern Portland cart pods. I investigate the feasibility of purchasing locally grown ingredients for use in ethnic cuisines and the degree to which cart owners incorporate the region's prevailing locavore ethics into their everyday culinary practices. Findings from this inquiry suggest that ethnic cart owners in Eastern Portland have a range of habitus, or personal dispositions and embodied knowledge, that is reflected in how they perceive the benefits of and barriers to "buying local" and the extent (if any) that they engage with AFNs in the Portland area. I assert that ethnic food cart owners in Eastern Portland are performing multiple community roles by providing access points for culturally specific cuisines for their particular ethnic groups, while also offering exotic experiences to other residents and tourists alike. I discuss variations within the food cart phenomenon itself by highlighting the differences in design, amenities, types of access, and neighborhood customer bases of cart pods located in Eastern Portland. Finally, I discuss future research directions for understanding the dynamics of food supply chains in small-scale, direct-to-vendor relationships and the implications for local and regional food sustainability policy goals.
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Chou, Chao-Pei, i 周兆珮. "Legal Study on the Vending Stands in a Multi-purpose Building". Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65063047700099893569.
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碩士東吳大學
法律學系
103
In a Multi-purpose building used for commercial establishments and condominiums, there are many vending stands on a floor, each of these vending stands is an individual unit of the condominium, and each owner has ownership over an individual unit. The problem arising from the operation of the vending stands or their serious damage usually calls for attention on their economic efficiency, public health and public safety. ”The individual unit” in Article 799 of the Civil Code refers to a specific part in a condominium building that is partitioned by several persons. Each of these persons owns an individual unit of it and has exclusive ownership over the individual unit, and the common parts of the building and its accessories are co-owned by all the owners. The individual unit is a separate and independent part of a condominium building in the sense of construction and use, and is the object of individual ownership. A common part means the part that is not characterized as an individual unit of a condominium. However, the boundaries of those vending stands without a common wall shall be defined according to the indications in the as-built drawings, if such vending stand is an individual unit of the condominium and subject to an individual ownership. If not, does it mean a share to an asset that is formed by several individual units? Or a share to an asset that is formed by an individual unit and its its share to the common parts? Moreover, may the owner of a vending stand freely transact the rights over it? Can the owners consolidate or partition the vending stands in order to make good use or a change of use of the vending stands? In case an apparent difficulty in the operation of the vending stands or serious damage thereto happens, how the Condominium Administration Act be applied to these vending stands? What kinds of difficulty will the owners of the units have to face and solve? It is the purpose of this thesis to analyze the above questions, through survey on the books, references, the laws, legal orders, judgement, court decisions, and foreign laws. It is anticipated that workable suggestions can be found after the legal problems are well understood and discussed and all solution models are properly treated and evaluated. The proposed suggestions are aimed to rationalize the administration system, reduce the potential conflicts between the owners of these vending stands and the inhabitants in a Multi-purpose building used for commercial establishments and condominiums, and increase the efficiency of resource use.
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Mendiola, García Sandra C. "Street vendors, marketers, and politics in twentieth-century Puebla, Mexico". 2008. http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.000050448.
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Mulondo, Thivhulawi Albert. "The challenge of managing street vendors in South Africa: a case of Thulamela Municipality". Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/107.
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Mokgatetswa, Brian Ngwako. "Regulation of the informal trading sector in the City of Tshwane". 2014. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001346.
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M. Tech. EntrepreneurshipThis study aims to gain an understanding of how the City of Tshwane assist and manage informal trading in the city and to understand perceptions of the City of Tshwane about the effectiveness of the municipal bi-laws to find out if the bi-laws are achieving their intended goals. It also looks at the requirements of the informal traders within the City Tshwane.
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Mukwevho, Michael Nngodiseni. "Compliance level of street food vendors regarding food hygiene and safety in Thulamela Local Municipality". Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1142.
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MPHDepartment of Public Health
Introduction: Street food vending is a source of income for billions of people around the world. In most developing countries, including South Africa street food is popular. However, most street food has been linked to outbreaks of foodborne illness. The assessment was based on the general hygiene requirement stipulated in R962 of November 2012 framed under Foodstuff cosmetics and Disinfectant Act of 1972 Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess compliance of street food vendors with food and safety regulations in Thulamela Municipality. Method: The study used a quantitative, cross- sectional survey, descriptive design. A convenience sampling was used to sample 155 street food vendors. Data was collected using two instruments; namely, a self-administered questionnaire and an observation checklist. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23.Validity and Reliability will be ensured and measures to ensure ethical considerations were adhered to. Results: A total of 155 street food vendors participated in the study. Most of the street food vendors were in the age group 25- 30 years. There were more females than males. Furthermore, the majority of street food vendors had experience of 5-10 years. The majority (n=61; 39.4%) of street food vendors were operating in Thohoyandou, while some (n=25.8%)operated in Sibasa and forty others (25.8%) operated in Shayandima. Forty-five (29%) of them were illiterate, fifty (32, 3%) did primary education, thirty two (20.6%) had secondary education, four (2.6%) had a matric certification and twenty- four (15.5%) had vocational training. More than half of the In regard to knowledge items on preventing foodborne vendors (n=100; 64.5%) did not attend food hygiene training while (n=55; 35.5%) did. Lastly about a third most (n=48; 31%) of the street food vendors were selling their food in the transport terminals. The survey results indicate that street food vendors exhibited high levels of knowledge regarding items pertaining to hand hygiene. Therefore street food vendors were highly knowledgeable with regard to how much time should be spent when washing hands with soap, the correct way of stopping bleeding while at work, important measures to keep germs away from the food, hand washing and methods of drying hands. However, the street food vendors displayed poor knowledge with regard to reasons why they should dry their hands. Regarding knowledge items on preventing foodborne illnesses, the street food vendors were knowledgeable about the symptoms that make a street food vendors stay away from the workplace, that the best way to destroy any harmful germs is to cook food to the right temperature, that a combination of washing hands, using gloves and keeping food at the right temperature are ways of preventing food borne illnesses. However, street food vendors displayed some knowledge gaps with regard to the correct detergents for washing vessels and why food handlers require some knowledge on food hygiene. A total of 155 vending stalls were observed. The results from the checklist indicated that three quarters (n=116; 75%) of the stalls were protected from the sun, wind and dust. In addition, about (n=136; 87.7%) of the stalls did not have direct access to potable water. Furthermore, about (115; 74.2 %) did not have adequate hand washing facilities and 141(91%) did not have waste disposal facilities. Animals, flies and insects were indeed evident around the stalls in 124(80%) of the 155 stalls. In addition the majority of street food handlers (136; 87.7%) did not wash their hands before preparing food. Regarding hand washing after using toilet, all of the vendors said that they washed their hands each time after visiting the toilet. This was not confirmed as the researcher did not follow the vendors into the toilets. More than three quarters (120; 77%) of the food handlers operated in clean clothes. However, only 39(25%) used an apron when handling food, while 124(80%) did not use gloves to handle food and only 24(15%) used disposable gloves. Although the street food vendors complied with wearing clean clothes, they did not consistently wear aprons and they also used bare hands to touch food. Conclusion: Although the street food vendors were knowledgeable about food hygiene and safety practices, the majority displayed poor hygienic practice and prepared food on unhygienic sites.
NRF
Książki na temat "Vending stands"
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Bandele, Gabriel. The noble art of vending: An African centered guide to vending success. [Washington, D.C: Bandele Publications, 1992.
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Mazzola, James O. Hot dog vending book. [United States: CreateSpace], 2011.
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Adeagbo, ʼDemola. Physical and socio-economic impact of street trading: Case study of Ibadan. Ibadan: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research (NISER), 1997.
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Comercio callejero en la delegación Coyoacán y microterritorios: Enfoques para el desarrollo de política. México, D.F: Gobierno del Distrito Federal, 2006.
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Street vending: A survey of ideas and lessons for planners. Chicago, IL: American Planning Association, 2002.
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Mazzola, James O. Funnel cake vending book. [United States: CreateSpace], 2011.
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Thomsen, Allan Mylius. Café fodkold: Eventyret om den danske pølsevogn. [Copenhagen]: Sommer & Sørensen, 1995.
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Schuringa, Tammo. Schaafijs & wilde bussen: Straatkunst in Suriname. Amsterdam: KIT Publishers, 2010.
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Brugman, Jan. Markten in Utrecht: Van de vroege middeleeuwen tot nu. Utrecht: Matrijs, 1995.
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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs. Subcommittee on Civil Service, Post Office, and General Services. Oversight of compliance with the Randolph-Sheppard Act: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Civil Service, Post Office, and General Services of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, Ninety-ninth Congress, first session, October 4, 1985. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Vending stands"
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"Vending Stands and Self-Employment of the Blind". W Hope Deferred, 230–48. University of California Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/jj.8306111.13.
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Lo, David, i Siau-Cheng Khoo. "Mining Software Specifications". W Software Applications, 495–503. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-060-8.ch034.
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Software is a ubiquitous component in our daily life. It ranges from large software systems like operating systems to small embedded systems like vending machines, both of which we frequently interact with. Reducing software related costs and ensuring correctness and dependability of software are certainly worthwhile goals to pursue. Due to the short-time-to-market requirement imposed on many software projects, documented software specifications are often lacking, incomplete and outdated (Deelstra, Sinnema & Bosch 2004). Lack of documented software specifications contributes to difficulties in understanding existing systems. The latter is termed program comprehension and is estimated to contribute up to 45% of total software cost which goes to billions of dollars (Erlikh 2000, Standish 1984; Canfora & Cimitile 2002; BEA 2007). Lack of specifications also hampers automated effort of program verification and testing (Ammons, Bodik & Larus 2002).
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K. J., Aneeja, Bekkam Krishna i V. Karthikeyan. "Design and Development of a Hybrid DC-DC Converter for Solar-Battery-Based Standalone Milk Vending Machine". W Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 110–44. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-4012-4.ch004.
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Dairying has become a major secondary source of income for several rural families. The easily perishable nature of milk increases the spoilage of the product and reduces the dairy farms' productivity in rural areas due to power supply shortage issues. In order to overcome the inaccessibility of proper preservation strategies, this chapter proposed a hybrid DC-DC converter for a solar battery-powered milk vending machine. This proposed system can work continuously and provides an uninterrupted power supply to maintain the milk quality at an optimum level. Moreover, the proposed system utilized a novel converter to reduce the number of power conversion stages and compact the system. Besides, the proposed converter can achieve a higher gain ratio with fewer components. Furthermore, a proper algorithmic-based control scheme has been implemented to maintain effective power flow management. Finally, to verify the feasibility and performance of the system, detailed results are obtained at different dynamic conditions, and various case studies are presented in this chapter.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Vending stands"
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Savaniu, Ioan, Oana Tonciu, Ancuta Neagu i Magdalena Culcea. "ANALYSIS OF INOVATIVE SALE SYSTEM (VENDING MACHINE), INDEPENDENT OF ENERGY, OF COLD AND HOT PRODUCTS". W 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023v/4.2/s17.50.
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In the current energetical context, there is a need to diversify energetically independent applications. The presence of energetically independent vending systems is necessary in the smart cities of the future and beyond. Energetically independent vending equipment must ensure the delivery of cold or hot products with low energy consumption. Reduced energy consumption and the use of environmentally friendly sources lead to reduced greenhouse gas emissions and at the same time to higher energy autonomy. The paper presents the results obtained from testing the innovative experimental sales system developed to study the energetic efficiency of this equipment. The innovative sales system is a complex system that integrates energy production and storage, cooling and heating systems. The fully automated system allows cold storage of products and their subsequent delivery, cold or hot, on demand. The vending system was powered by electrical energy from an array of photovoltaic panels. The results obtained, summarized in the paper, lead to the possibility of developing stand-alone vending equipment with significant reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in urban agglomerations.
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Yi Lee, Ching, Ching I Chen i Meng-Cong Zheng. "User Experience of Taiwan Railway Ticket Vending Machine". W 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001699.
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Since its inception, the Taiwan Railway Ticket Vending Machine (TRA-TVM) has been used only by a few people because of its complex functions. Meanwhile, the Taiwan Railway ticket offices always have long queues. In light of this phenomenon, the Taiwan Railways Administration has released a new system in 2021. This study aims to determine whether the new system can meet users' needs to achieve an entirely self-service ticketing process.This study evaluated the usability, user psychology, and behavior of the TRA-TVM. Participants with different levels of self-efficacy (SE) were selected before the test. The sample consisted of 36 participants (16 males and 20 females) who didn't use the TRA-TVM before. In addition, the whole test was executed online. Conducted the evaluation as follows: (1) Filled out the questionnaires and finished the function sort of the TRA-TVM before the tasks to understand the participants' thoughts and past experiences. (2) Participants were asked to operate three tasks, one of which was related to the hardware interaction of the system. (3) At the end of each task, participants had a semi-structured interview to clarify how they operated during the task. (4) When finishing all the tasks, participants need to complete the QUIS and SUS questionnaires to indicate their evaluation of what they felt about this system.The results show a high error rate in the initial operation stage for the subjects when selecting the ticketing method and when customizing the station or the time of arrival and departure. The participants' performance showed that users made more errors in purchasing tickets than in operating other system functions and found that there is no absolute relationship between the level of SE and operational performance. Only in the "Ticket Refund(Q6)" function found a significant difference between the participants' SE and the number of errors. Those with high self-efficacy (HSE) had a significantly higher error rate for the refund function than those with low self-efficacy (LSE). In the semi-structured interview, HSE mentioned that they were unnoticed the feedback on the system and therefore were not sure how to operate it. Overall, the most often mentioned problem was "Confused," like the order of the ticketing process and the logic of the operation. For example, some participants felt that the function of "Seats Left(Q2)" shouldn't be included as a ticketing method when purchasing a ticket. Or the current operational logic made it impossible for participants to understand that they couldn't use "Express Ticket Purchase" or "Non-Reserved Trains" to purchase an unreserved ticket with a bicycle. In addition, the users' initial mental model may cause the user to make poor decisions and may even intensify or reduce the users' feelings during the process. Future optimization of the system should be prioritized at two stages, namely the selection of the ticketing method and the customizing station or time of arrival and departure. These findings could be used to improve the user experience in the future, allowing users to have a better experience during the ticketing process.
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Law, Wing Ting, Wai Chung Lee, Ki Sing Li i Tiande MO. "Future Micromobility Concepts '“ Low-Speed Autonomous Mobility Platform". W FISITA World Congress 2021. FISITA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/f2020-dgt-015.
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"Research and/or Engineering Questions/Objective With the artificial intelligence as a foundation, this research aims to develop a low-speed autonomous mobility platform with a sensor suite that gives the mobility the eyes for sensing and perception, the brain for computing and planning and the feet for moving around. It can plan an efficient and suitable path with collision avoidance via the A.I. technologies of deep learning and sensor fusion autonomously after receiving commands. Adapting to the shift of the modern world with a severe labour shortage, the low-speed autonomous mobility platform can offer flexible and versatile alternatives and extend to a wide range of applications, including last-mile delivery, inspection, roaming vending machine, pop-up store, battery swapping, autonomous micro-mobilities (scooter, wheelchairs). Methodology Unlike the industrial robots bolted firmly to the floor which blindly perform the same movement, the low-speed autonomous mobility is equipped with a sensor suite comprising 3D LiDAR, cameras, GPS, inertial measurement unit (IMU) and ultrasonic sensors. Through the technologies of deep learning with sensor fusion (a combination of sensor and vision technology), an advanced form of artificial intelligence and dynamic way of computerised decision, the low-speed autonomous mobility is capable of planning an efficient and suitable path with collision avoidance of stationary or moving obstacles in crowded and dynamic environment, not only limited to apartment complexes, parks or warehouses, but also some shared and public space. Results A prototype of low-speed autonomous mobility with a storage cabinet as last-mile delivery mobility is developed to validate the performance of the sensor suite. The prototype has been tested in our R&D building in Hong Kong for various delivery tasks with collision avoidance. Such testing allows us to enhance the system design even under an in-house condition and during the development phase. In 2020, the system will be equipped with a robotic arm to perform more versatile work. Limitations of this study Although there is no infrastructure and investment required for the mobility platform, for the target areas to deploy this autonomous mobility, the human intervention is required in the first time to build a map for the localisation. Besides, the mobility platform cannot climb up stairs due to the selection of wheel type. What does the paper offer that is new in the field including in comparison to other work by the authors? The mobility equipped with a sensor suite and software platform can be extended to various application scenarios, making it more flexible and versatile, rather than serving only one purpose. The idea of extension shortens the development time and resource. Conclusions The capability of planning an efficient and suitable path, traversing to assigned destination autonomously and collision avoidance unlock the possibilities of the low-speed mobility to perform assigned tasks autonomously in a less labour intensive, yet more effective and efficient way."