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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Vertical diameter"

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Akman, A., O. Oram, and P. Aydin. "Optic Disc Measurements with the 78 Diopter Lens, Zeiss 4-Mirror Contact Lens and Computerized Image Analysing System." European Journal of Ophthalmology 8, no. 1 (1998): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/112067219800800106.

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We evaluated the 78 diopter (D) lens and Zeiss 4-mirror lens for the measurement of vertical and horizontal optic disc diameters during slit-lamp biomicroscopy and compared the results with the measurements made with the computerized image analysing system (IMAGEnet 640, Topcon, Japan) in 30 eyes of 30 patients. The 78D lens and Zeiss 4-mirror lens measurements both correlated well with the computerized image analysis measurements (r=0.881 for vertical and r=0.895 for horizontal disc diameter measurements with the 78D lens and r=0.883 for vertical and r=0.891 for horizontal disc diameter measu
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Ma, Qiang, Chengda Pan, Yingxian Xue, et al. "Plasmon Enhanced Second Harmonic Generation from ZnO Nanofilms on Vertical Au Nanorod Arrays." Nanomaterials 11, no. 10 (2021): 2597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11102597.

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Vertically aligned gold nanorod arrays have attracted much attention for their fascinating optical properties. Different from longitudinal surface plasmon wavelength (LSPW) and edge-to-edge spacing of gold nanorods, the role of gold nanorod diameter in plasmonic enhancement ability of vertical gold nanorod arrays has rarely been explored. In this work, we selected gold nanorods with similar LSPW but two different diameters (22 and 41 nm), the optical properties of which are dominated by absorption and scattering cross sections, respectively. The vertically aligned arrays of these gold nanorods
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Sapountzaki, Olga E., Andreas E. Kampitsis, and Nikos D. Lagaros. "Modelling of Inelastic Pentamode-Based Bridge Bearings Using Beam Elements." Journal of Civil Engineering and Construction 12, no. 3 (2023): 126–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32732/jcec.2023.12.3.126.

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Metameterials have unique properties, which are mostly attributed to their geometrical configuration. Pentamodes, a subcategory of metamaterials, exhibit an almost zero shear elastic modulus while maintaining high compression stiffness, offering a behavior similar to that of a liquid, suggesting the potential application of pentamodes in seismic isolation. In this paper a real-life bridge bearing, composed of repetitive layers of pentamode unit cells in the horizontal and vertical axes is studied. The lattices are modelled using beam finite elements with an equivalent uniform diameter to ensur
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Mirza Gheitaghy, Amir, René H. Poelma, Leandro Sacco, Sten Vollebregt, and Guo Qi Zhang. "Vertically-Aligned Multi-Walled Carbon Nano Tube Pillars with Various Diameters under Compression: Pristine and NbTiN Coated." Nanomaterials 10, no. 6 (2020): 1189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10061189.

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In this paper, the compressive stress of pristine and coated vertically-aligned (VA) multi-walled (MW) carbon nanotube (CNT) pillars were investigated using flat-punch nano-indentation. VA-MWCNT pillars of various diameters (30–150 µm) grown by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition on silicon wafer. A conformal brittle coating of niobium-titanium-nitride with high superconductivity temperature was deposited on the VA-MWCNT pillars using atomic layer deposition. The coating together with the pillars could form a superconductive vertical interconnect. The indentation tests showed foam-like beha
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Hu, Yongfang, Wei Sun, Yipeng Sun, and Qingan Huang. "Vertical Interconnection Technology for RF MicroSystem Packaging." Materials 17, no. 14 (2024): 3425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17143425.

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In this work, 1.5-level interconnections of RF microsystems with good RF performance, integration process compatibility, and high reliability are developed to meet the future demand for wireless communication microsystems in the millimeter wave band. Numerical models of 1.5-level interconnections based on solder balls with different diameters are established and analyzed using HFSS. The optimized structure parameters of 0.2 mm diameter Sn96.5Ag3Cu0.5 (SAC305) solder balls and 0.3 mm diameter Sn63Pb37 solder balls are selected for the interconnection between glass micro substrates and silicon m
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Abuel-Naga, Hossam, and Abdelmalek Bouazza. "Equivalent diameter of a prefabricated vertical drain." Geotextiles and Geomembranes 27, no. 3 (2009): 227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2008.11.006.

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Bishop, Jeffrey J., Patricia R. Nance, Aleksander S. Popel, Marcos Intaglietta, and Paul C. Johnson. "Diameter changes in skeletal muscle venules during arterial pressure reduction." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 279, no. 1 (2000): H47—H57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.2000.279.1.h47.

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Previous studies in skeletal muscle have shown a substantial (>100%) increase in venous vascular resistance with arterial pressure reduction to 40 mmHg, but a microcirculatory study showed no significant venular diameter changes in the horizontal direction during this procedure. To examine the possibility of venular collapse in the vertical direction, a microscope was placed horizontally to view a vertically mounted rat spinotrapezius muscle preparation. We monitored the diameters of venules (mean diameter 73.8 ± 37.0 μm, range 13–185 μm) oriented horizontally and vertically with a video sy
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Firmansyah, V., K. Ahmad, P. Nugroho, D. A. Firmansyah, and M. D. Kuntawati. "Low-Cost Prototype Multidiameter Measurement for Vertical Cylinder Tank." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2376, no. 1 (2022): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2376/1/012016.

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Abstract The vertical cylinder tank can serve as a measuring tool and as a storage device. When the vertical cylinder tank is used as a measuring instrument, it needs to be calibrated. In this process, measuring the diameter of the vertical cylinder tank is the most important step. The diameter of the tank is divided into several parts, the first part is referred to as a reference, where the results of the reference measurement will be used in the measurement of other parts. To conduct this measurement, a prototype consisting of two sensors, namely, laser distance and rotary encoder, is build.
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kamdi, Ashish, Ashita Kaore, and S. Saritha. "STUDY OF VERTICAL DIAMETER OF HEAD OF FEMUR IN SOUTH INDIAN CADAVERS." International Journal of Anatomy and Research 4, no. 3.2 (2016): 2730–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2016.318.

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Peng, Bin, Xing Yun Wang, Yu Wang, and He Huang. "Geometry Optimization and Engineering Applications of Transmission Tower Foundation in the Slope." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 1243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.1243.

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Combining with practical engineering, geometry optimization and engineering applications of transmission tower foundation in the slope is researched by using the finite-difference software FLAC3D. The variation of the pullout, vertical and horizontal ultimate bearing capacity with the diameter and length of the pile is analyzed. And optimization program of actual project is given. Research shows that when the pile length is constant, the variation of the pullout and vertical ultimate bearing capacity is increasing with the diameter increasing significantly and the horizontal ultimate bearing c
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Vertical diameter"

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Peng, Deng-Jr. "Prediction of vertical flows in large diameter pipes." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7021.

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There is an increasing interest in multiphase flows in large diameter vertical pipes (typically with diameters greater that 100 mm) in the context of hydrocarbon production systems. There are strong indications that flows in such pipes differ greatly from those in smaller diameter pipes on which most of the prediction methodologies are based. In small diameter pipes, an important mechanism for the bubble flow to slug flow transition is the formation of void waves. This research reveal this wave growth and also predict the breakdown points from bubble-to-slug flow transition using Biesheuvel an
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Mahmoud, Mohamed M. "Flow boiling of R134a in vertical mini-diameter tubes." Thesis, Brunel University, 2011. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5101.

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The current study is a part of a long term experimental project devoted to investigate flow boiling heat transfer, pressure drop and flow visualization of R134a in small to mini/micro-diameter tubes. The experimental facility was first designed and constructed by X. Huo (2005) with the contribution of L. Chen (2006). In the present study, the experimental facility was upgraded by changing the heating system from AC to DC heating and also upgrading the logging system through using a faster data logger and developing a new Labview program. The objectives of the current study include (i) contribu
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Ali, Shazia Farman. "Two-phase flow in a large diameter vertical riser." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/4476.

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The rapid depletion of hydrocarbon fields around the world has led the industry to search for these resources in ever increasing water depths. In this context, the large diameter (D > 100mm) vertical riser has become a subject of great interest. In this research work, a major investigation was undertaken to determine the two phase flow hydrodynamics in a 254mm vertical riser. Two types of experiments were performed for range of air-water superficial velocities. The first experimental campaign addresses the issue of the two gas injector’s performances (conventional vs. novel design gas injector
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Van, der Meulen Gerrit Pieter. "Churn-annular gas-liquid flows in large diameter vertical pipes." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12581/.

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This thesis presents an investigation on the churn to annular flow pattern boundary in an 11 m tall, 127 mm id vertical riser. Experimental data on film thickness, pressure drop and drop size and velocity was analysed and interpreted. Entrained fraction, interfacial and wall shear stresses and the interfacial friction were calculated from the experimental data. A new churn-annular flow transition boundary was derived based on trends, and in particular changes of slopes, observed in film thickness, pressure drop and structure velocity data. This is supported by observations made using high spee
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Mohammed, Shara Kamal. "Gas-high viscosity oil flow in vertical large diameter pipes." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/43311/.

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Gas flow in columns of high viscosity liquids is found in heavy oil and bitumen production, polymer manufacturing and in Volcanology as silicate magmas in the volcanic conduit. Predicting the characteristics of the hydrodynamics of gas flow, under such conditions is essential in both design and safety assessments. In oil and gas industry, it is very important in the design of the equipment and the very long pipelines. Further, it is important in the design and safety of the industrial equipment and the pipelines in the polymer manufacturing. Finally, the ability to predict natural phenomenon a
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Martin, Callizo Claudi. "Flow Boiling Heat Transfer in Single Vertical Channels of Small Diameter." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Tillämpad termodynamik och kylteknik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-25797.

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Microchannel heat exchangers present many advantages, such as reduced size, high thermal efficiency and low fluid inventory; and are increasingly being used for heat transfer in a wide variety of applications including heat pumps, automotive air conditioners and for cooling of electronics.However, the fundamentals of fluid flow and heat transfer in microscalegeometries are not yet fully understood. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to a better understanding of the underlying physical phenomena in single-phase and specially flow boiling heat transfer of refrigerants in small channels. For
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Aliyu, A. M. "Vertical annular gas-liquid two-phase flow in large diameter pipes." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2015. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9848.

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Gas-liquid annular two phase flow in pipes is important in the oil and gas, nuclear and the process industries. It has been identified as one of the most frequently encountered flow regimes and many models (empirical and theoretical) for the film flow and droplet behaviour for example have been developed since the 1950s. However, the behaviour in large pipes (those with diameter greater than 100 mm) has not been fully explored. As a result, the two- phase flow characteristics, data, and models specifically for such pipes are scarce or non-existent such that those from smaller pipes are extrapo
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Omebere-Iyari, N. K. "The effect of pipe diameter and pressure in vertical two-phase flow." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.526753.

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Zangana, Mohammed Haseeb Sedeeq. "Film behaviour of vertical gas-liquid flow in a large diameter pipe." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12782/.

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Gas-liquid flow commonly occurs in oil and gas production and processing system. Large diameter vertical pipes can reduce pressure drops and so minimize operating costs. However, there is a need for research on two-phase flow in large diameter pipes to provide confidence to designers of equipments such as deep water risers. In this study a number of experimental campaigns were carried out to measure pressure drop, liquid film thickness and wall shear in 127mm vertical pipe. Total pressure drop were studied systematically through a data bank of 600 experimental runs. Magnitude and directional w
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Wong, Wai-Chuen. "Effect of tube diameter on critical heat flux in vertical steam-water flow." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4295.

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The effect of tube diameter on critical heat flux (CHF) has been examined by (1) analyzing existing experimental data, (2) reviewing existing correlations and semi-analytical models, and (3) obtaining CHF measurements in two vertical tubes of different diameters. Based on constant local flow conditions, the parametric trend of available CHF data shows generally a decreasing CHF with increasing tube diameter. Due to the large data scatter (inherent uncertainty within different sets of data), a definite conclusion cannot be drawn. The observations indicated that the tube-diameter effect on CHF i
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Książki na temat "Vertical diameter"

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Borthwick, A. G. L. Wave loading on a flexibly mounted small diameter vertical cylinder. University of Salford Department of Civil Engineering, 1986.

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Belyaev, pavel, Mihail Sokolov, and Viktor Frolov. Recycling of polymer waste to produce composites for road construction. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2025. https://doi.org/10.12737/2155924.

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The monograph examines the problem of polymer waste disposal using the example of obtaining polymer-bitumen binders (PBBs) for road construction using large-tonnage packaging waste from high-pressure (low density) polyethylene. The composition of a complex modifier has been developed, in which expensive thermoplastic is partially replaced by cheaper high-pressure polyethylene or its waste. The possibility of obtaining polymer-bitumen binders using such a modifier in cheaper and more reliable standard vertical mixing apparatuses with paddle agitators is substantiated, which reduce energy consum
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Taylor, Derek. Field performance testing of an 8.8 m diameter "V" type vertical axis wind turbine. 1988.

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The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Vertical Turbine Pumps with Submersible Motors with Discharge Not Exceeding 36 Inches and Bowl Diameter over 6 Inches. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Vertical Turbine Pumps with Submersible Motors with Discharge Not Exceeding 36 Inches and Bowl Diameter over 6 Inches. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Vertical Turbine Pumps with Submersible Motors with Discharge Not Exceeding 36 Inches and Bowl Diameter of 6 Inches or Less. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Vertical Turbine Pumps with Submersible Motors with Discharge Not Exceeding 36 Inches and Bowl Diameter of 6 Inches or Less. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Sierra, Stephanie. Diagonal Chromatic Number of Maximal Planar Graphs of Diameter Three with Twelve Vertices. Lulu Press, Inc., 2020.

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Zydroń, Tymoteusz. Wpływ systemów korzeniowych wybranych gatunków drzew na przyrost wytrzymałości gruntu na ścinanie. Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-46-5.

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The aim of the paper was to determine the influence of root systems of chosen tree species found in the Polish Flysch Carpathians on the increase of soil shear strength (root cohesion) in terms of slope stability. The paper's goal was achieved through comprehensive tests on root systems of eight relatively common in the Polish Flysch Carpathians tree species. The tests that were carried out included field work, laboratory work and analytical calculations. As part of the field work, the root area ratio (A IA) of the roots was determined using the method of profiling the walls of the trench at a
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Skiba, Grzegorz. Fizjologiczne, żywieniowe i genetyczne uwarunkowania właściwości kości rosnących świń. The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22358/mono_gs_2020.

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Bones are multifunctional passive organs of movement that supports soft tissue and directly attached muscles. They also protect internal organs and are a reserve of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. Each bone is covered with periosteum, and the adjacent bone surfaces are covered by articular cartilage. Histologically, the bone is an organ composed of many different tissues. The main component is bone tissue (cortical and spongy) composed of a set of bone cells and intercellular substance (mineral and organic), it also contains fat, hematopoietic (bone marrow) and cartilaginous tissue. Bones a
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Części książek na temat "Vertical diameter"

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Mei, Xiaoming, Alfred Yu, Shixian Shang, and Tianbai Zhu. "Vertical Larger-Diameter Vacuum Retort Magnesium Reduction Furnace." In Essential Readings in Magnesium Technology. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48099-2_19.

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Mei, Xiaoming, Alfred Yu, Shixian Shang, and Tianbai Zhu. "Vertical Larger-Diameter Vacuum Retort Magnesium Reduction Furnace." In Magnesium Technology 2001. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118805497.ch4.

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Mei, Xiaoming, Alfred Yu, Shixian Shang, and Tianbai Zhu. "Vertical Larger-Diameter Vacuum Retort Magnesium Reduction Furnace." In Essential Readings in Magnesium Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118859803.ch19.

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Ci, Dongyue, and Chuanyao Gu. "Numerical Simulation of the Influence of Piling on the Surrounding Soil." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-2417-8_20.

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AbstractIn pile driving construction, the soil around the pile will produce vibration and compaction effects to destroy the safety and stability of the surrounding pipelines and buildings. To study the deformation of surrounding soil during piling, this paper adopts ABAQUS finite element analysis software to drive piles at the penetration rates of 7.5, 5, 2, 1 and 0.2 cm/s, respectively, to study the variation law of soil stress and displacement. The results show that the stress distribution below the pile tip is hemispherical, with a range of 6 times the pile diameter, and there is stress con
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Meli, F. "Lateral and Vertical Diameter Measurements on Polymer Particles with a Metrology AFM." In Nanoscale Calibration Standards and Methods. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527606661.ch27.

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Sun, Zongjun, Yingfeng Han, Fei Liu, and Rui Min. "Sensitivity Analysis of Influencing Factors of Vertical Bearing Capacity of Rock-Socketed Piles Based on Orthogonal Test." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-4090-1_9.

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AbstractIn order to investigate the sensitivity of influencing factors of rock-socketed piles’ vertical bearing capability. The field static load test of embedded rock piles was performed in the article, and the pile-soil interaction model was built using ABAQUS software. The orthogonal test is properly designed to examine the sensitivity of the influencing elements of embedded rock piles by varying the relevant pile, pile side soil and bedrock parameters. The conclusions are as follows: (A) From large to small, the following factors have varying degrees of influence on the bearing capacity of
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Zhu, Ming-xing, Hong-qian Lu, Guo-liang Dai, and Zhi-hui Wan. "Effect of Vertical Shaft Resistance on the Lateral Behavior of Large-Diameter Pile Foundation." In Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97115-5_50.

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Qin, Hao, Xiang-jun Liu, Meng Chen, Min-jun Qin, and Zhong-tao Wang. "Numerical Simulation of Gas/Liquid Two-Phase Flow in a Large-Diameter Vertical Pipe." In Proceedings of the International Field Exploration and Development Conference 2021. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2149-0_232.

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Jia, Yahui, Yanliang Shang, Jianhua Du, and Hongqian Dang. "Study on the Control Effect of Pretreatment Measures on the Deformation of Subway Caused by the Excavation of Foundation Pit." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-4355-1_67.

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AbstractAt present, there are many control measures for the deformation of subway caused by the excavation of foundation pit. It is worthy of attention that pretreatment measures can effectively reduce the influence of deformation on the subway tunnel under different working conditions. Therefore, the finite element model is established by Midas/GTS to explore the reinforcement effect of two measures of pit bottom reinforcement and isolation pile reinforcement. The results show that: in the excavation of foundation pit, the two schemes have different effects on controlling the deformation of t
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Vu, Ba Thao, Van Minh Pham, Quoc Dung Nguyen, Huy Vuong Nguyen, and Thi Thanh Huong Ngo. "Analyses on drainage capacity and sliding resistance of large diameter vertical wells for deep-seated landslide stabilization." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0802-8_104.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Vertical diameter"

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Gillgrass, Sara-Jayne, Craig P. Allford, Jack Baker, J. Iwan Davies, Sam Shutts, and Peter M. Smowton. "Effect of substrate type on 200-mm diameter VCSEL performance for volume manufacturing." In Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers XXIX, edited by Kent D. Choquette and Luke A. Graham. SPIE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3042968.

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D., Robert. "System Level Benefits of a Variable Diameter Rotor System for a Conceptual Tiltrotor Design." In Vertical Flight Society 74th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0074-2018-12726.

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This work presents a conceptual variable diameter tiltrotor sized in the NDARC conceptual design code. Both the maximum allowable diameter change and the weight increment due to morphing were varied with the intent of investigating the system level benefits (improved weight, fuel use, etc.) associated with a variable diameter rotor system. Generally, for a 0% increment in rotor weight due to morphing, diameter morphing reduced vehicle gross and component weights, as well as mission fuel weight. As the rotor weight penalty for morphing was increased, the entire system saw a corresponding increa
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Richards, Phillip, Todd Griffith, and Dewey Hodges. "Operating Strategies and Design Recommendations for Mitigating Local Damage Effects in Offshore Turbine Blades." In Vertical Flight Society 70th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0070-2014-9690.

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Two major barriers to widespread US acceptance of offshore wind energy is reliability of rotor blades and the difficulty to access for inspection and maintenance. This work presents operation and design strategies aimed to increase blade reliability and maximize power production. Operating strategies that prolong blade life while optimizing energy output allow for smarter maintenance planning and lower maintenance costs. Offshore plants require significant balance of station costs associated with each turbine, leading to large rotor diameters to capture the most energy per turbine. Rotor diame
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Tinney, Charles, Bryson Hill, John Valdez, Jayant Sirohi, and Christopher Cameron. "Drone Acoustics at Static Thrust Conditions." In Vertical Flight Society 73rd Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0073-2017-12288.

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Multirotor drones are becoming increasingly popular in both the civilian and military sectors of our society. These compact gadgets come in a variety of sizes with the smallest ones measuring less than two inches in diameter, while larger ones can be in excess of five feet. Surprisingly, very little is known about their acoustical footprint, which is becoming a topic of broad importance given that these vehicles most often operate in populated areas. Thus, the objective of this paper is to provide a first principles understanding of the acoustical characteristics of hovering drones. To accompl
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Rahn, Ryan, Robert McDonald, Jack Myers, Brad Paden, and Michael Ricci. "Motor and Drive Design for eVTOL Aircraft." In Vertical Flight Society 80th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0080-2024-1159.

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The design of a powertrain for an eVTOL is a complex, multidisciplinary challenge whose solution is best approached as a constrained optimization problem. We use a motor and drive optimization tool based on both first principles and empirical models to examine the design space for a medium-sized eVTOL aicraft. The tool is used to perform optimizations based on continuous power requirements in conjunction with time-dependent mission profiles to achieve an optimal powertrain system weight given efficiency and diameter constraints. Additionally, efficiency and diameter sweeps are performed to ill
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Gardner, A. D., A. A. Kostek, F. Lossle, and J. N. Braukmann. "Experiments and Modelling of Multicopter Rotor Response to Sinusoidal Vertical Gusts." In Vertical Flight Society 80th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0080-2024-1148.

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Multicopters operate in environments subject to strongly gusting winds, and need good aeromechanical models to improve the aircraft. A common, convenient, assumption is that the gusting inflow is quasi-static at each instant, but this assumption has never been tested. This paper shows that there is a solid physical basis for the simplified aerodynamic models of multicopter response to gusts. Experiments and computations show that using the static relationship between thrust or power and aerodynamic angle of attack for a multicopter rotor (the quasi-static assumption) in sinusoidally pitching s
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LaBerge, Kelsen, Joel Johnston, Robert Handschuh, and Gary Roberts. "Evaluation of a Variable Thickness Hybrid Composite Bull Gear." In Vertical Flight Society 74th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0074-2018-12859.

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For several years, NASA Glenn Research Center and the U.S. Army Research Laboratory have been investigating hybrid (composite/steel) gear technology for use in vertical lift drive systems. The hybrid gear concept replaces the structural portion of a gear between the shaft and the gear rim with a lightweight carbon fiber composite, in an effort to reduce the overall weight of a gear and increase the drive system power density. Past research includes both small-scale and large-scale hybrid gear concepts, all of which have a constant composite thickness throughout. The design described in this pa
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Cormier, Brian, Joseph Szefi, and Luke Ionno. "Full-scale Experimental Validation of Dynamic, Centrifugally Powered, Pneumatic Actuators for Active Rotor Blade Surfaces." In Vertical Flight Society 70th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0070-2014-9668.

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A novel actuation approach for active rotor blade surfaces is introduced. The approach utilizes the rotor centripetal acceleration to generate an internal, on-blade pressure differential that can be used for active surface actuation. The advantages of this approach include high force and displacement output with extremely little added blade weight and low electrical power requirements. An analysis of the available spanwise pressure differential is presented that has been previously experimentally validated in a full-scale whirl test of a K-MAX rotor. The development of a scaled pneumatic actua
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Hooi, Chin. "Design, Rapid Prototyping and Testing of a Ducted Fan Micro-Quadcopter." In Vertical Flight Society 70th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0070-2014-9429.

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This paper discusses recent results toward the design, rapid prototyping and testing of a ducted microquadcopter. Mobility and convenience objectives of this work dictate that the quadcopter must fit into a pocket, be capable of shooting high-definition videos and pictures, be controllable through a smartphone application, have a rotor diameter of 7cm and weigh approximately 300 g. Previous designs have rotor dimensions of 25 cm or more as well as airframe width and length of 75 cm and above. Aerodynamically, the ducted fan design is analyzed through Momentum Theory and Blade Element Momentum
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Jr., C. W., and A. L. Sheikman. "Development and Initial Testing of the Tiltrotor Test Rig." In Vertical Flight Society 74th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0074-2018-12903.

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The NASA Tiltrotor Test Rig (TTR) is a new, large-scale proprotor test system, developed jointly with the U.S. Army and Air Force, to develop a new, large-scale proprotor test system for the National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex (NFAC). The TTR is designed to test advanced proprotors up to 26 feet in diameter at speeds up to 300 knots, and even larger rotors at lower airspeeds. This combination of size and speed is unprecedented and is necessary for research into 21st-century tiltrotors and other advanced rotorcraft concepts. The TTR will provide critical data for validation of state-of-the
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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Vertical diameter"

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Zheng, Wanzheng, and Jason Merret. Aerodynamic Survey of Novel eVTOL Configuration Using SU2. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-014.

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This report summarizes computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results of electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) geometries using the SU2 Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) solver. Geometries were generated based on the Smart Transportation Infrastructure Initiative (STII) Rappor 15th iteration with various rotor-installment solutions. It was found that although open rotors installed on an underwing pylon were superior to shrouded rotors installed in a canoe, the canoe configuration would provide more potential for improvement, and using a canoe door to cover the first rotor opening woul
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Kamai, Tamir, Gerard Kluitenberg, and Alon Ben-Gal. Development of heat-pulse sensors for measuring fluxes of water and solutes under the root zone. United States Department of Agriculture, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7604288.bard.

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The objectives defined for this study were to: (1) develop a heat-pulse sensor and a heat-transfer model for leaching measurement, and (2) conduct laboratory study of the sensor and the methodology to estimate leaching flux. In this study we investigated the feasibility for estimating leachate fluxes with a newly designed heat-pulse (HP) sensor, combining water flux density (WFD) with electrical conductivity (EC) measurements in the same sensor. Whereas previous studies used the conventional heat pulse sensor for these measurements, the focus here was to estimate WFD with a robust sensor, appr
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Tao, Gang, and Brian Wagg. PR-244-16704-R01 Casing Corrosion Logging Tool Test. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011626.

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Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI) contracted C-FER Technologies (1999) Inc. ("C-FER") to conduct a laboratory testing program to evaluate the performance of various casing corrosion logging techniques and tools. An additional objective of this test program was to evaluate the influence of the wellhead and outer casing strings on the response of magnetic flux leakage tools, and to evaluate the thru-tubing logging technique. A test well was set up with a string of 4.5 inch diameter tubing joints (~150 ft total length) hanging concentrically inside a string of 7 inch diameter c
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ENERGY DISSIPATION OF STEEL-CONCRETE COMPOSITE BEAMS SUBJECTED TO VERTICAL CYCLIC LOADING. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2022.18.3.3.

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The finite element (FE) software ABAQUS was used to establish a 3D FE model and perform a pseudo-static analysis of steel–concrete composite beams. With the validated model, the influences of several key parameters, including shear connection degree, force ratio, and transverse reinforcement ratio, on seismic behavior were investigated and discussed. In addition, the working performance of studs was analyzed. The FE analysis results show that the steel girder is the main energy dissipation component of the composite beam, and the energy dissipation of the steel girder is more than 80% of the t
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RESEARCH ON BENDING PERFORMANCE AND BILINEAR MODEL OF AN IMPROVED BOLT-COLUMN (BC) JOINT. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2024.20.3.4.

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The semi-rigid bolt-column (BC) joint, which is a component of large-span single-layer reticulated structures, demonstrates a considerable application potential. In this study, the BC joint is innovatively modified using two flanges, one web and two additional high-strength bolts. The comparative analysis between the original and improved joints reveals a notable enhancement in bending performance, including 62.59% increase in initial rotational stiffness, 116.82% increase in initial yield moment, and 87.57% increase in ultimate moment. Subsequently, a total of 66 finite element (FE) models of
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