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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Vestibular system"

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Lee, Ju-Young, i Jeong-Yoon Choi. "Anatomic and Physiologic Properties and Clinical Manifestations ofVestibulo-Autonomic Reflexes". Journal of the Korean Neurological Association 40, nr 4 (1.11.2022): 287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17340/jkna.2022.4.1.

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The vestibular nervous system senses linear and angular acceleration upon the head during postural change and generates vestibular nerve activity changes. The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary physiologic processes throughout the peripheral and central nervous systems. The vestibular and autonomic systems interplay throughout several brain regions to maintain homeostasis during the postural changes, called vestibulo-autonomic reflex. In this review, we first contemplated the anatomic and physiologic properties of vestibulo-autonomic reflex, focusing on the relationship between vestibular and cardiovascular systems and between the vestibular and respiratory systems and the role of the brainstem and cerebellum on the vestibulo-autonomic reflex. Then, we summarized the autonomic dysfunction reported in patients with various vestibular disorders, such as acute unilateral vestibulopathy, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Meniere’s disease, and persistent perceptual postural dizziness. Finally, we described the mechanism of autonomic manifestation in vestibular disorders in detail using the recently proposed mechanism of vestibular syncope integrating the vestibular system, brainstem and cerebellum, and autonomic system functions.
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Abe, Chikara, Kunihiko Tanaka, Chihiro Awazu i Hironobu Morita. "Galvanic vestibular stimulation counteracts hypergravity-induced plastic alteration of vestibulo-cardiovascular reflex in rats". Journal of Applied Physiology 107, nr 4 (październik 2009): 1089–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00400.2009.

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Recent data from our laboratory demonstrated that, when rats are raised in a hypergravity environment, the sensitivity of the vestibulo-cardiovascular reflex decreases. In a hypergravity environment, static input to the vestibular system is increased; however, because of decreased daily activity, phasic input to the vestibular system may decrease. This decrease may induce use-dependent plasticity of the vestibulo-cardiovascular reflex. Accordingly, we hypothesized that galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) may compensate the decrease in phasic input to the vestibular system, thereby preserving the vestibulo-cardiovascular reflex. To examine this hypothesis, we measured horizontal and vertical movements of rats under 1-G or 3-G environments as an index of the phasic input to the vestibular system. We then raised rats in a 3-G environment with or without GVS for 6 days and measured the pressor response to linear acceleration to examine the sensitivity of the vestibulo-cardiovascular reflex. The horizontal and vertical movement of 3-G rats was significantly less than that of 1-G rats. The pressor response to forward acceleration was also significantly lower in 3-G rats (23 ± 1 mmHg in 1-G rats vs. 12 ± 1 mmHg in 3-G rats). The pressor response was preserved in 3-G rats with GVS (20 ± 1 mmHg). GVS stimulated Fos expression in the medial vestibular nucleus. These results suggest that GVS stimulated vestibular primary neurons and prevent hypergravity-induced decrease in sensitivity of the vestibulo-cardiovascular reflex.
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Cullen, Kathleen, i Soroush Sadeghi. "Vestibular system". Scholarpedia 3, nr 1 (2008): 3013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4249/scholarpedia.3013.

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Calder, Jaynee H., i Gary P. Jacobson. "Acquired Bilateral Peripheral Vestibular System Impairment: Rehabilitative Options and Potential Outcomes". Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 11, nr 09 (październik 2000): 514–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1748142.

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AbstractAcquired bilateral vestibular impairment can be a devastating disorder that is most frequently the result of aminoglycoside-induced toxicity. The presenting complaints are typically oscillopsia and gait and balance disturbances. These patients can be excellent candidates for vestibular rehabilitation therapy that focuses on facilitating maximal use of any remaining vestibular function, improving gaze and postural stability through the use of visual and somatosensory cues, and improving home and workplace safety. The prognosis for recovery is determined by the extent of the loss and the presence of other progressive disorders that may affect vision or somatosensation, coexisting illnesses, and the patient's compliance with the therapy program. Two cases are presented to illustrate the salient aspects of vestibular rehabilitation for patients with acquired bilateral vestibular system loss, including factors affecting patient progress and final outcome. Abbreviations: COR = cervico-ocular reflex, DHI = Dizziness Handicap Inventory, ENG = electronystagmography, IV = intravenous, VOR = vestibulo-ocular reflex
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Choi, Jeong-Yoon, Eek-Sung Lee i Ji-Soo Kim. "Vestibular syncope". Current Opinion in Neurology 37, nr 1 (19.10.2023): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wco.0000000000001226.

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Purpose of review This review considers recent observations on vestibular syncope in terms of clinical features, laboratory findings, and potential mechanisms. Recent findings Vestibular syncope, potentially associated with severe fall-related injuries, may develop multiple times in about one-third of patients. Meniere's disease and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo are the most common causes of vestibular syncope, but the underlying disorders remain elusive in 62% of cases with vestibular syncope. The postictal orthostatic blood pressure test exhibits a lower diagnostic yield. Vestibular function tests, such as cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials and video head impulse tests, can reveal one or more abnormal findings, suggesting compensated or ongoing minor vestibular dysfunctions. The pathomechanism of syncope is assumed to be the erroneous interaction between the vestibulo-sympathetic reflex and the baroreflex that have different operating mechanisms and action latencies. The central vestibular system, which estimates gravity orientation and inertia motion may also play an important role in abnormal vestibulo-sympathetic reflex. Summary Vestibular disorders elicit erroneous cardiovascular responses by providing false vestibular information. The results include vertigo-induced hypertension or hypotension, which can ultimately lead to syncope in susceptible patients.
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Demer, Joseph L. "Evaluation of Vestibular and Visual Oculomotor Function". Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 112, nr 1 (styczeń 1995): 16–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-59989570301-2.

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The visual system interacts synergistically with the vestibular system. A normally functioning vestibulo-ocular reflex is necessary but not sufficient for optimum visual acuity during head motion. Studies of dynamic visual acuity, the acuity achieved during relative motion of visual targets or of the observer, indicate that motion of images on the retina markedly compromises vision. The vestibulo-ocular reflex normally provides a substantial measure of stabilization of the retina during head movements, but purely vestibular compensatory eye movements are not sufficiently precise for optimal vision under all circumstances. Other mechanisms, including visual tracking, motor preprogramming, prediction, and mental set, interact synergistically to optimize the gain (eye velocity divided by head velocity) of compensatory head movements. All of these mechanisms are limited in their capacity to produce effective visual-vestibular interaction at higher rotational frequencies and velocities. It is under these conditions that vestibular deficits give rise to symptoms of oscillopsia. Patients having vestibular lesions exploit mechanisms of visual-vestibular interaction to compensate by substitution for deficient vestibular function. Thus, for accurate topographic clinical diagnosis of vestibular lesions, testing conditions should isolate purely vestibular responses. This may be done by testing reflex eye movements during passively generated rotations in darkness, or perhaps by testing during other types of motion under conditions of extreme frequency and velocity sufficient to attenuate the effects of visual-vestibular interaction. This article reviews clinical tests of vestibular function in relation to synergistic interactions with vision.
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Baker, Robert. "From Genes to Behavior in the Vestibular System". Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 119, nr 3 (wrzesień 1998): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(98)70061-0.

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The central nervous system of all vertebrate embryos is derived from a series of conspicuous segments, called neuromeres, that are particularly visible in the midbrain and hindbrain areas, giving rise to the brain stem sensory and motor nuclei. This article focuses on a series of eight embryonic rhombomeric segments whose progeny can be identified in adults by the locations of iteratively homologous reticulospinal neurons and cranial motor nuclei IV through XII. Evidence shows that these rhombomeric units represent domains of gene expression, lineage restriction, and accordingly, individual vestibular neuronal phenotypes with unique oculomotor and spinal projections. Preliminary electrophysiologic and behavioral correlates of a few vestibulo-oculomotor subgroups are used as examples to illustrate the hypothesis that homologous vestibular phenotypes likely exist in all taxa because the genetic prepattern is already well established in primitive vertebrates. Finally, the segmented hindbrain arrangement responsible for the longitudinally arranged column of vestibular subnuclei is placed in perspective with genetic and molecular approaches that will eventually permit a causal reconstruction of the signaling mechanisms responsible for the development of unique vestibular subgroups.
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Yates, Bill J., i Adolfo M. Bronstein. "The effects of vestibular system lesions on autonomic regulation: Observations, mechanisms, and clinical implications". Journal of Vestibular Research 15, nr 3 (1.06.2005): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ves-2005-15301.

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The loss of labyrinthine inputs in patients or animal models has been demonstrated to affect autonomic regulation. Considerable evidence suggests that vestibular-autonomic responses serve to adjust blood pressure and respiratory activity during movement and postural alterations. However, following peripheral vestibular lesions, compensation rapidly occurs, such that autonomic disturbances are not readily evident in patients with chronic labyrinthine dysfunction. This manuscript summarizes the evidence suggesting that vestibular inputs influence autonomic regulation, but that cardiovascular and respiratory responses linked to movement recover quickly subsequent to the loss of labyrinthine signals. In addition, the clinical implications of dysfunction of vestibulo-autonomic reflexes are described. Furthermore, the mechanisms potentially responsible for the return of the ability to produce posturally-related adjustments in blood pressure and respiration following vestibular lesions are discussed. In particular, evidence that somatosensory signals can replace labyrinthine inputs to vestibular nucleus neurons that participate in autonomic regulation is provided.
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Schubert, Michael C., i Lloyd B. Minor. "Vestibulo-ocular Physiology Underlying Vestibular Hypofunction". Physical Therapy 84, nr 4 (1.04.2004): 373–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/84.4.373.

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AbstractThe vestibular system detects motion of the head and maintains stability of images on the fovea of the retina as well as postural control during head motion. Signals representing angular and translational motion of the head as well as the tilt of the head relative to gravity are transduced by the vestibular end organs in the inner ear. This sensory information is then used to control reflexes responsible for maintaining the stability of images on the fovea (the central area of the retina where visual acuity is best) during head movements. Information from the vestibular receptors also is important for posture and gait. When vestibular function is normal, these reflexes operate with exquisite accuracy and, in the case of eye movements, at very short latencies. Knowledge of vestibular anatomy and physiology is important for physical therapists to effectively diagnose and manage people with vestibular dysfunction. The purposes of this article are to review the anatomy and physiology of the vestibular system and to describe the neurophysiological mechanisms responsible for the vestibulo-ocular abnormalities in patients with vestibular hypofunction.
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Saadat, Daryoush, Dennis P. O'Leary, Jack L. Pulec i Hiroya Kitano. "Comparison of Vestibular Autorotation and Caloric Testing". Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 113, nr 3 (wrzesień 1995): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(95)70109-5.

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The two most common stimuli of the vestibular system for diagnostic purposes are caloric and rotational head movements. Caloric stimulation, by delivering thermal energy to the lateral semicircular canal, is a well-studied method of vestibular testing, and its clinical usefulness has been established. Vestibular autorotation testing uses high-frequency (2 to 6 Hz), active head movements to stimulate the horizontal and vertical vestibulo-ocular reflex to produce measurable eye movements that can be used to calculate gain and phase. We compared the alternate bilateral bithermal caloric results with the vestibular autorotation test results obtained from 39 patients with peripheral vestibular disorders and from 10 patients with acoustic neuroma. In the peripheral disorder group, only 2 of 14 patients with equal caloric response (<20% reduced vestibular response) had a normal vestibular autorotation test result. No patients with a reduced vestibular response greater than 21% had a normal vestibular autorotation test result. In the acoustic neuroma group, four patients had a normal reduced vestibular response, but all patients had an abnormal vestibular autorotation test result. We conclude that testing both the horizontal and vertical vestibulo-ocular reflexes in their physiologic frequency range with the vestibular autorotation test provides additional information that could be missed by conventional caloric testing. Therefore high-frequency rotational testing is a valuable addition to the vestibular test battery.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Vestibular system"

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Rössert, Christian Andreas. "Reverse engineering the vestibular system". Diss., lmu, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-131165.

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Law, Tammy Che-Yan. "Recalibration of the vestibular system". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/36344.

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The vestibular system conveys information regarding head motion to the central nervous system (CNS). Independently, this vestibular signal of head motion does not provide an absolute reference of head motion as the frequency coding of the afferent nerves is influenced by adaptation properties and nonlinearities. The optic flow signal of head rotation from the visual system however, is spatially encoded and can function as an absolute reference. The aim of this study was to determine if a visual signal of head rotation can recalibrate an altered vestibular signal of head motion during standing balance and to investigate the underlying mechanisms of this recalibration at the muscular level. Eight healthy subjects were exposed to an electrical vestibular stimulus correlated to head movement (±0.125 mA/°/s) while standing on foam with eyes closed. This velocity-coupled vestibular stimulation (VcVS) was applied in a bipolar, bilateral orientation and depending on its polarity, resulted in the vestibular nerves coding for slower or faster head movements. Initially, this alteration of natural vestibular information destabilized subjects. During the conditioning phase, subjects opened their eyes and used visual information in combination with the new vestibular information to update their representation of self-orientation. Following this, subjects showed a significant decrease (~35%) in body sway while still receiving VcVS. The mechanisms underlying vestibular recalibration were examined by observing how visuo-vestibular recalibration affected the vestibular-evoked muscular responses. Muscle activity was recorded in five subjects using surface electromyography (EMG) bilaterally on the medial gastrocnemius and tensor fascia latae muscles. Stochastic vestibular stimulation (SVS) in combination with VcVS was delivered to evoke biphasic muscular responses. Prior to the conditioning period, the peak amplitude of the response was significantly attenuated and then returned to control levels following conditioning. Overall, these observations indicate that the vestibular system can be recalibrated by a visual signal of head rotation. This process is associated with an initial decrease in vestibular-evoked muscular responses which return to control levels once recalibration occurs. These results suggest that the CNS can modulate vestibular processes by down regulation or selective gating of vestibular signals in order to achieve vestibular recalibration.
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Huang, Chuen-Chane. "Biped robot with a vestibular system". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39834.

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The kinematics and dynamics of two legged or biped walking is considered. The resulting governing equations include actuator torques for a robot and muscle generated torques for a human. These torques are those necessary at each joint of a leg, including the foot, for a successful stride. The equations are developed from a consistent set variables with respect to a single inertial reference frame. This single reference frame approach has not been used by previous investigators. Control of the joint torques makes biped walking an extraordinary complex problem from a dynamics and control viewpoint. The control scheme that is developed incorporates the use of the direction of gravity as an important element in the overall control. The inclusion of gravity in biped robot walking has not previously been properly considered in other works. A way is described to separate gravity and acceleration which are measured by an accelerometer which is on the robot. This system incorporates the use of angular motion sensing of the robot segment that contains the linear accelerometers. This system was formulated based on human motion sensing and what probably is present in the human central nervous system for processing these signals.
Ph. D.
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Tangorra, James Louis 1967. "System identification of the vestibular ocular reflex via visual and vestibular co-stimulation". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29623.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 317-321).
The study of eye motions involved in the vestibular ocular reflex (VOR) is a key tool for understanding the performance of the vestibular system and for the diagnosis of dysfunction. Limitations in experimental equipment and in the analytic methods applied have resulted in VOR testing being conducted under artificial laboratory conditions that do not resemble the conditions under which the VOR naturally functions. The results from these tests are often unreliable, and may, in fact, misrepresent the function and performance of the VOR and the vestibular system. The purpose of this thesis was to develop the experimental equipment, protocol, and analysis algorithms required to conduct a stochastic system identification of the horizontal, rotational VOR, while it was being used to stabilize gaze during natural, head-free tracking. By providing statistically uncorrelated stimuli to the visual and vestibular systems, estimates of the VOR's impulse response function could be made as subjects tracked a visual target that moved with an unpredictable trajectory. A novel stochastic technique was developed to generate the visual and vestibular input sequences such that they had appropriate amplitude distributions, and auto- and cross-correlation functions. The results showed that the technique was able to identify the dynamics of the VOR over the frequency range that it naturally functions to stabilize gaze, that is from below 0.5 Hz through 4.0 Hz. Nonlinearities in the head-neck control system limited the analysis at low frequencies, and difficulties in calculating high frequency eye velocities limited the accuracy of the analysis at high frequencies.
(cont.) Unlike the rotational VOR tests that are commonly used today, this technique was able to distinguish between the visually and vestibularly driven eye responses, and was able to show that during head-free gaze tracking, the vestibular system is able to compensate for head disturbances with a near unity gain.
by James Louis Tangorra.
Ph.D.
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Guilding, Clare. "Mechanisms of plasticity in the vestibular system". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24655.

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This thesis describes a series of experiments in rat, designed to investigate the underlying molecular causes of VC. The role of the stress systems in the adaptive down-regulation of GABA receptors during compensation is investigated using biochemical and in vitro electrophysiological techniques. The results demonstrate that the down-regulation of GABA receptor efficacy in ipsilesional MVN neurones observed after 4h of compensation following a unilateral labyrinthecytomy (UL) is dependent on activation of glucocorticoid receptors. The enzyme, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) regenerates active glucocorticoids from inert forms, and is found to be present in the central vestibulo-oculomotor centres of the brainstem and cerebellum. This suggests that this modulatory enzyme is likely to be involved in regulating the exposure of these centres to circulating glucocorticoids. The results show that the levels of 11β-HSD1 activity in the vestibulo-cerebellum and MVN are stable over the 4h period after UL, disapproving the hypothesis that changes in enzyme modulatory activity may occur in parallel with the deafferentation induced changes in the properties of the ipsilesional MVN over this time. The relative importance of intrinsic membrane properties versus synaptic inputs, to the spontaneous firing rate of ipsilateral MVN neurones is investigated at varying times following UL. The endogenous activity of MVN neurones is assessed by their spontaneous activity recorded in brainstem slices perfused with a cocktail of neurotransmitter antagonists to block synaptic transmission. The results demonstrate a significant increase in excitability of lesioned rostral MVN neurones at 4h post-UL, which is maintained primarily by changes in the intrinsic pacemaker properties of these neurones. At 48h and 1wk post-UL the significant increase in excitability of lesioned rostral MVN neurones is sustained, however by this time it is maintained by an increased excitatory synaptic input onto the neurones. Thus different mechanisms are utilised in the initiation and maintenance of processes involved in VC.
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Stanley, N. J. "Integrin expression in the mouse vestibular system". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1393280/.

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The mammalian utricle has shown limited capacity for spontaneous regeneration of hair cells within a damaged sensory epithelium. In vivo and in vitro exposure of the tissue to ototoxic aminoglycosides has been utilised to induce hair cell loss, in order to study these regenerative events. The mammalian utricle is believed to regenerate hair cells by the direct transdifferentiation of supporting cells without a mitotic event. The cellular and molecular mechanisms behind this regenerative capability continue to be the subject of inner ear research. The integrin family of cell surface receptors are known for their key role in cellular adhesion, both to the extracellular matrix and to neighbouring cells. Studies of integrins have shown that they are also involved in numerous cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation and migration. They are therefore a likely candidate for involvement in the cellular events which underlie the regenerative ability demonstrated by the mammalian utricle. This study has identified a subset of the mammalian integrin subunits as being present in the normal adult mouse utricle. The identification of these integrins was achieved by both degenerate PCR and qPCR screening of utricular cDNA. Through immunohistochemistry, β1 and α6 have been shown to localise at the basement membrane of normal utricular tissue. Integrins β3 and β5 appear to be expressed within vestibular hair cells. Integrins β1, αV, β5, β3 and α6 are also present within the mesenchyme. The utricular macula of adult mice was utilised as an in vitro model in order to induce hair cell loss by gentamicin treatment and investigate integrin expression in the utricle during this process and subsequent regeneration. Relative quantification of qPCR data has indicated that a number of integrins including β1, αV and β3 show an increase in expression level at 4 days post treatment. Immunohistochemistry shows some changes in integrin localisation between 4 and 21 days post-gentamicin.
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Hall, Courtney D., Dara Meldrum, Gary P. Jacobson i Neil T. T. Shephard. "The Aging Vestibular System: Implications for Rehabilitation". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/476.

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Book Summary: Balance Function Assessment and Management, now in its second edition, continues to comprehensively address the assessment and treatment of balance system impairments through contributions from top experts in the areas of dizziness and vertigo. Designed for use in graduate audiology programs and by practicing audiologists, this is also a valuable text for those in the fields of physical therapy, otolaryngology, and neurology. Assessment chapters focus on ocular motility testing, positional/positioning testing, caloric testing, rotational testing, computerized dynamic posturography, and vestibular evoked potentials. Treatment chapters examine nonmedical, medical, and surgical treatments of dizziness and vertigo, vestibular rehabilitation, and assessment of and intervention for risk of falls. Additionally, this text provides background information on the vestibular and ocular motor systems with corresponding sample cases. New topics addressed in this edition include: Development of the vestibular system Central compensation following peripheral vestibular system impairment Video head impulse test (vHIT) Biomechanics and physiology of balance Electrocochleography (ECochG) Pediatric vestibular system and balance assessment Effects of age on the vestibular and balance systems An added bonus to the second edition is the companion website that offers additional reference materials, such as video clips, associated with the text.
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Akin, Faith W. "Effects of Aging on the Vestibular System". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2443.

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Cirmirakis, D. "Novel telemetry system for closed loop vestibular prosthesis". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1389947/.

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Disorders of the vestibular system result in loss of body balance and a steady vision in humans and animals. The most common consequences include vertigo, oscillopsia, postural instability and blurred vision. Currently, conventional medicine cannot cure the damage or restore the function of the vestibular system. Vestibular prosthesis may assist in restoring its function using electrical stimulation, which involves delivering current pulses into the nerves innervating the semi-circular canals in the inner ear. A vestibular prosthesis contains external electronics and an implantable medical device . The system delivers modulated electrical pulses and stimulates vestibular nerves with these pulses to inform the brain about the motion. Power transfer to, and communication with the implanted device, is provided by telemetry. In biomedical implanted devices the telemetry is usually implemented by radio-frequency induction using weakly coupled coils. Using a single set of coils for simultaneous power transfer and communication creates the challenge of contradicting requirements. For high data rates the inductive link must have a wide bandwidth but power transfer requires a low bandwidth. Moreover by modulating a carrier the power transfer is degraded. This thesis describes the design, implementation and experimental evaluation of a novel telemetry system for a three-dimensional vestibular prosthesis with neural recording. The developed telemetry system uses a single pair of inductively-coupled coils to power-up the implant and maintain bi-directional communication to control its operation. It also relays raw electroneurogram (ENG) data out of the body at high speed. For inductive power control two methods are combined: a geometrical approach and a feedback loop to maintain a constant level of delivered power. The communication to the implant (downlink) is obtained by amplitude modulation while the communication from the implant to the external transmitter (uplink) uses passive phase shift modulation. On-chip humidity sensing capabilities are facilitated in the implant microelectronics to monitor hermeticity of the package. The uplink achieves the highest data speed demonstrated in the literature of available methods using a single set of coils with combined power and communication links. The developed technique can be applied to other applications including RFID.
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Hall, Courtney D., i Susan J. Herdman. "Balance Function and Dysfunction and the Vestibular System". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/443.

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Book Summary: In two freestanding but linked volumes, Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation provides comprehensive coverage of the science and practice of neurological rehabilitation. This volume, Medical Neurorehabilitation, can stand alone as a clinical handbook for neurorehabilitation. It covers the practical applications of the basic science principles presented in volume 1, provides authoritative guidelines on the management of disabling symptoms, and describes comprehensive rehabilitation approaches for the major categories of disabling neurological disorders. Emphasizing the integration of basic and clinical knowledge, this book and its companion are edited and written by leading international authorities. Together they are an essential resource for neuroscientists and provide a foundation for the work of clinical neurorehabilitation professionals.
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Książki na temat "Vestibular system"

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M, Highstein Stephen, Fay Richard R i Popper Arthur N, red. The vestibular system. New York: Springer, 2004.

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1934-, Honrubia Vicente, red. Clinical neurophysiology of the vestibular system. Wyd. 2. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Co., 1990.

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Highstein, Stephen M., Richard R. Fay i Arthur N. Popper, red. The Vestibular System. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b97280.

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J, Yates Bill, i Miller Alan D, red. Vestibular autonomic regulation. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1996.

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Ettore, Pirodda, i Pompeiano O, red. Neurophysiology of the vestibular system: Selected papers of the Bárány Society Meeting, Bologna, June 1-4, 1987. Basel: Karger, 1988.

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Ettore, Pirodda, red. Clinical testing of the vestibular system: Selected papers of the Bárány Society Meeting, Bologna, June 1-4, 1987. Basel: Karger, 1988.

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1942-, Baloh Robert W., i Halmagyi G. Michael, red. Disorders of the vestibular system. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.

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H, Anderson John, i Beitz Alvin J, red. Neurochemistry of the vestibular system. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2000.

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Crane, Benjamin T., Lawrence Lustig i Christopher de Souza, red. Disorders of the Vestibular System. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40524-2.

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Scouten, William H., i Alvin J. Beitz. Neurochemistry of the Vestibular System. Boca Raton: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203745922.

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Części książek na temat "Vestibular system"

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Kleiner, Jennifer Sue. "Vestibular System". W Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 3586–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_815.

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Kleiner, Jennifer Sue. "Vestibular System". W Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1–2. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_815-2.

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Henn, Volker. "Vestibular System". W Sensory Systems: II, 140–42. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6760-4_63.

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Bogle, Jamie M., i Ashley Zaleski-King. "Vestibular System". W Spaceflight and the Central Nervous System, 67–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18440-6_6.

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Danto, Ayelet H., i Michelle Pruzansky. "Vestibular System". W 1001 Pediatric Treatment Activities, 35–39. Wyd. 3. New York: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003522416-6.

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Kleiner, Jennifer Sue. "Vestibular System". W Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 2611–12. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_815.

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Pelosi, Stanley, i Matthew Luke Carlson. "Vestibular System". W ENT Board Prep, 169–76. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8354-0_14.

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Goldberg, Jay M. "Vestibular Inputs: The Vestibular System". W Neuroscience in the 21st Century, 1007–54. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3474-4_30.

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Goldberg, Jay M. "Vestibular Inputs: The Vestibular System". W Neuroscience in the 21st Century, 1291–338. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88832-9_30.

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Goldberg, Jay M. "Vestibular Inputs: The Vestibular System". W Neuroscience in the 21st Century, 883–929. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1997-6_30.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Vestibular system"

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Jones, Michael. "Optimizing the Fitness of Motion Cueing for Rotorcraft Flight Simulation". W Vertical Flight Society 72nd Annual Forum & Technology Display, 1–20. The Vertical Flight Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0072-2016-11489.

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Achieving good motion cueing in rotorcraft flight simulation is a long standing challenge in the simulation community. The current reliance upon subjective opinion leads to a wide range of motion configurations, which almost certainly do not offer the optimal level of vestibular cueing. Furthermore, without the understanding of the optimal motion settings, objective criteria are difficult to apply. This paper presents a new tool designed to optimize and evaluate the response of any motion platform, based upon the input to the system and the given motion system constraints. This tool is utilized in order to tune the motion platform of the Air Vehicle Simulator (AVES). Results show promise for the use of the optimization, as good fidelity is shown through pilot subjective comments and ratings.
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Mortimer, Bruce, Jon French, Angus Rupert, Chris Dailey, Barbara Chaparro, Daniel Graff, Shelby Loftis i Makaila Olson. "Pilot Flight Simulator Performance Under Distraction and Vibrotactile Situation Awareness". W Vertical Flight Society 80th Annual Forum & Technology Display, 1–5. The Vertical Flight Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0080-2024-1343.

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Maintenance of spatial orientation (SO) is achieved primarily through visual information where the horizon and celestial reference cues or flight instruments are used by pilots to infer aircraft orientation. However, cross checking the instruments in degraded visual environments can be complicated by factors such as workload, distraction, and situations where the vestibular and proprioceptive systems may provide false and competing orientation information. We describe experiments measuring pilot performance using a flight simulator under challenging conditions where the sensory information was controlled. Reducing available visual instruments increased the task difficulty. A wearable vibrotactile array could provide concurrent, additional orientation information. Increasing the flying task segment difficulty increased the perceived workload and also corresponded to an increase in accidents. Adding tactile orientation information reduced the accident rate.
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Elsner, Ann E., C. Wall i J. Johnson. "Aging in visual-vestibular interactions". W OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1986.wf4.

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To search rapidly for information in a scene, it is critical to make quick, accurate saccadic eye movements. Often, while making these movements, a body or head movement is required. Thus, vestibular and saccadic eye movements must be coordinated. It is known that the vestibular system can change with age; e.g., the gain of the system can decrease with age, particularly at low frequencies. However, the effects on saccadic eye movements are not understood. Using a pseudorandom vestibular stimulus (rotation about the vertical) with frequencies from 0.02 to 1.67 Hz, we have measured (a) the gain and phase of the vestibulo-ocular reflex and (b) saccade parameters. Saccade targets were three red LEDs, positioned in the center and 9° to either side. We recruited five observers, 62–69 years, who had been normal on a battery of vestibular tests 2 years prior. There was a slight loss of low frequency relative to high frequency gain, but this trend was not significant. However, the average number of saccade errors doubled while rotating vs remaining stationary. Most errors during rotation were (a) single or multistep saccades of less than half-amplitude or (b) slow eye movements.
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Torfs, T., R. F. Yazicioglu, P. Merken, B. Gyselinckx, R. Puers, R. Vanspauwen, F. L. Wuyts i C. Van Hoof. "Wireless Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials System". W 2007 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2007.4388600.

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McCarty, Rachael, S. Nima Mahmoodi i Keith Williams. "Sliding Mode Control of the Human Vestibular System". W ASME 2012 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2012-7988.

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An original sliding mode controller is designed, based on an existing mathematical model for response control of the human vestibular system. The human vestibular system is located in the inner ear and significantly contributes to the functions of detecting head motion, maintaining balance and posture, and realizing gaze stabilization. The vestibular system sends signals to the brain to tell it how the head and body are moving, and the brain reacts by changing eye position accordingly. The nonlinearities of the vestibular system are not completely understood. The biggest nonlinearity is the nystagmus, a bouncing of the eyes to compensate for quick head movement. Another nonlinearity is that the quick phase does not start until head movement reaches a certain frequency. Considering these nonlinearities as well as the uncertainties of the system, sliding mode control a good choice for controlling the system. Several mathematical models of the human vestibular system are considered for use in the control design. The best model of those considered is chosen based on the models’ consideration of nonlinearities and their levels of complexity. The mathematical model used in this paper is a nonlinear transfer function. The output is controlled with a robust sliding mode controller. Results demonstrate the need to increase control parameters as frequency of the sinusoidal input increases to minimize overshoot error. However, since the human head cannot tolerate an infinitely large frequency input, control parameters also will necessarily be limited. Therefore, results show that the designed sliding mode robust controller is an effective mechanism for controlling the mathematical model of the human vestibular system.
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Thompson, Lara A., Csilla Haburcakova i Richard F. Lewis. "A Novel Platform-System to Study the Effects of a Vestibular Prosthesis on Non-Human Primate Postural Control". W ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-70724.

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For the several millions of vestibular loss sufferers nationwide, daily-living is severely affected in that common everyday tasks, such as getting out of bed at night, maintaining balance on a moving bus, or walking on an uneven surface, may cause loss of stability leading to falls and injury. Aside from loss of balance, blurred vision and vertigo (perceived spinning sensation) are also extremely debilitating in vestibular impaired individuals. For the investigation of implants and prostheses that are being developed towards implementation in humans, non-human primates are a key component. The purpose of our study was to implement a distinctive balance platform-system to investigate postural responses for moderate to severe vestibular loss and invasive vestibular prosthesis-assisted non-human primates (rhesus monkeys) for test balance conditions of various task-difficulty levels. Although the need for vestibular rehabilitative solutions is apparent, postural responses for a broad range of peripheral vestibular function, and for various stationary and moving support conditions, have not been systematically investigated. The measurement system used in this research was unique in that it allowed us to conduct animal experiments, not investigated previously; such experiments are necessary towards the development on an invasive vestibular prosthesis to be used in humans suffering from vestibular loss. Our platform-system facilitated the study of rhesus monkey posture for stationary support surface conditions (i.e., quiet stance and head turns; more versus fewer footplate cues and large versus small base-of-support) and for dynamic support surface conditions (i.e., pseudorandom roll-tilts of the support surface). Further, the platform-system was used to systematically study postural responses that will serve as baseline measures for future vestibular-focused human and non-human primate posture studies.
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Shih-Ching Yeh, Pa-Chun Wang, Yen-Po Hung, Chia-Huang Chang, Shuya Chen, Mu-Chun Su i Hsueh-Lin Chen. "An innovative VR-based vestibular rehabilitation system". W 2012 IEEE 14th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/healthcom.2012.6379410.

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Oh, Hyun-Woo, Jae-Kwan Yun i Jae-Doo Huh. "Implementation of real-sense vestibular rehabilitation system". W 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Electronics (ISCE). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isce.2015.7177848.

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Elliott, David B., John G. Flanagan, Aftab Patla, Sandy Spaulding, Shirley Rietdyck i Graham Strong. "The Waterloo Vision and Mobility Study: Vision Impairment in the Control of Posture". W Noninvasive Assessment of the Visual System. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/navs.1993.nsub.4.

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The control of stable upright posture is a prerequisite for many tasks of daily living. The transition from quadrupedal to bipedal stance has made this seemingly simple task far more challenging. The base of support has been reduced and the large mass of upper body is balanced high above the ground. The upright stance is regulated by three major sensory modalities, vision, vestibular and the kinesthetic system. Vision provides expropioceptive information about body movements and their relation to the environment. The vestibular system provides a gravio-inertial reference frame, detecting angular and linear accelerations of the head. The kinesthetic system is the source of information about body movements and is referred to the support surface. It is evident that there is overlapping information amongst these three modalities. When one is comprised, the other systems can compensate.
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Milosevic, Zarko, Dalibor Nikolic, Igor Saveljic, Milos Radovic, Velibor Isailovic, Nebojsa Zdravkovic i Nenad Filipovic. "Computer modeling of semicircular canals in the vestibular system". W 2015 IEEE 15th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering (BIBE). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibe.2015.7367682.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Vestibular system"

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ชินธเนศ, วิไล, บังอร ฉางทรัพย์ i จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย คณะแพทยศาสตร์. ภาควิชากายวิภาคศาสตร์. การกระจายของ คาลบินดิน-ดี 28เค และ พารวาลบูมิน ในเซลล์ประสาท โดยวิธีอิมมูโนฮิสโตเคมี ในสมองของกระแต (Tupaia glis) : รายงานการวิจัย. จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 1995. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.1995.14.

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ได้ทำการศึกษาการกระจายของ calcium binding protein ทั้งสองชิดคือ คาลบินดิน - ดี 28 เค และพารวาลบูมิน ในสมองกระแต (Tupaia glis) โดยวิธี peroxidase-antiperoxidase antidoby ที่ใช้ได้แก่ monoclonal antobody ซึ่งมีความเฉพาะกับ คาลบินดิน - ดี 28 เค และพารวาลบูมิน โดยใช้กระแตไม่จำกัด เพศ น้ำหนัก 130-200 กรัม จำนวน 8 ตัว แบ่งเป็น 4 กลุ่ม กลุ่มละ 2 ตัว ได้แก่กลุ่มซึ่งย้อม คาลบินดินดี 28 เค และตัดตามแนวขวาง กลุ่มซึ่งย้อมคาลบินดิน - ดี 28 เค และตัดตามแนวยาว กลุ่มซึ่งย้อมพารวาลบูมิน และตัดตามแนวขวาง และกลุ่มซึ่งย้อมพารวาลบูมิน และตัดตามแนวยาวจากการทดลองพบว่ามี immunoreactivity ของโปรตีนทั้งสองชนิดนี้ กระจายทั่วไปอย่างกว้างขวางตลอดทั้งสมอง โดยพบในกลุ่มเซลล์ประสาทเกือบทั้งหมด และอยู่ใน perikarya dendrites และ axons ซึ่งโปรตีนสองชนิดนี้ให้ผลบวกในเซลล์ซึ่งต่างชนิดกัน ออกไปและมีเพียงเล็กน้อยเท่านั้นซึ่งพบในเซลล์เดียวกัน ยกตัวอย่าง เช่น ในเซลล์ Purkinje ของสมอง สมองเล็ก และเซลล์ประสาทของ trapezoid nucleus เป็นต้น จากการศึกษานี้พบว่า เซลล์ประสาทซึ่งให้ผลบวกต่อ การย้อมคาลบินดิน - ดี 28 เค เด่นชัดได้แก่ เซลล์ประสาทใน thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, sensory system, superior olive, olfactory system, trapezoid nucleus, medial geniculate nucleus, visual system, cerebral cortex, cerebellar cortex และใน extrapyramidal system ส่วนเซลล์ประสาทซึ่งให้ผลบวกต่อการย้อม พารวาลบูมิน ได้แก่ เซลล์ประสาทใน pyramidal system, reticular formation, cerebellar nuclei, cerebellar cortex, cerebral cortex, vestibular system, hippocampal formation และ extrapyramidal system โดยโปรตีนสองชนิดนี้พบได้จำกัดเฉพาะในเซลล์ประสาทและในบางบริเวณของ ependymal cells แต่จะไม่พบในพวก glial cells เลย จากการศึกษาพอจะสรุปได้ว่าโปรตีนทั้งสองชนิดนี้มีการกระจายในกลุ่มเซลล์ประสาท ที่แตกต่างกันเป็นส่วนใหญ่
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Apgar, Marina, Alamoussa Dioma, Fatoumata Keita i Jacqueline Hicks. Evaluating Systemic Action Research as a Participatory Peace-Building Intervention in Mali: Findings from Djenné and Mopti. Institute of Development Studies, sierpień 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2024.026.

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This Working Paper presents the findings from an embedded theory-based evaluation of a participatory peace-building initiative implemented in the Djenné and Mopti cercles in Mali as part of the ‘Vestibule of Peace’ project. The project used Systemic Action Research (SAR) to first support diverse members of selected local communities to collect and analyse life stories through mapping the systemic drivers of conflict. This causal analysis motivated the generation of collective solutions to selected drivers through facilitated Action Research Groups (ARGs). The SAR approach as an alternative, participatory approach to peace-building aimed to engage and empower local actors to build their agency as they define and negotiate innovative pathways to achieve peace. The paper presents findings about how, for whom, and under what conditions the phases of the SAR process led to a number of outcome pathways: trust-building setting the conditions for the ARGs to be effective; direct resolution of long-standing conflicts through ARG actions; local ownership over and use of an inclusive and causal methodology for conflict resolution; and potential for collective ownership and agency to influence system dynamics.
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Hicks, Jacqueline, Alamoussa Dioma, Marina Apgar i Fatoumata Keita. Early Findings from Evaluation of Systemic Action Research in Kangaba, Mali. Institute of Development Studies, kwiecień 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2024.016.

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This paper presents early findings from evaluation research embedded in a community-driven peace-building project implemented in Mali. Called the ‘Vestibule of Peace’, the project uses Systemic Action Research (SAR) to first support diverse members of selected local communities to collect and analyse life stories through mapping the systemic drivers of conflict. This causal analysis then motivates the generation of collective solutions to selected drivers through facilitated action research groups (ARGs). The SAR approach as an alternative, participatory approach to peace-building aims to engage and empower local actors to build their agency as they define and negotiate innovative pathways to achieve everyday peace. The overarching evaluation design of the Vestibule of Peace project uses contribution analysis as its overarching approach, with multiple methods exploring specific ‘causal hotspots’. This paper presents the results of in-depth case studies of ARGs as part of the SAR approach in the Kangaba region in Mali. This is one method used within the contribution analysis design which aims to describe the context, mechanisms, and dynamics of a selection of ARGs. The data sources come from documentation of the ARG processes by ARG members and project staff, interviews and reflection sessions with the participants and facilitators. After describing the internal processes of the groups, the paper then draws together a contribution narrative to share comparative findings of how the ARG processes worked for whom in what context.
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Apgar, Marina, Alamoussa Dioma, Fatoumata Keita i Jacqueline Hicks. Consolidated Findings from Evaluating Systemic Action Research as a Participatory Peace-Building Intervention in Kangaba, Mali. Institute of Development Studies, sierpień 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2024.027.

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This paper presents the findings from an embedded theory-based evaluation of a participatory peace-building initiative implemented in the Kangaba region of Mali as part of the ‘Vestibule of Peace’ project. The project used Systemic Action Research (SAR) to first support diverse members of selected local communities to collect and analyse life stories through mapping the systemic drivers of conflict. This causal analysis motivated the generation of collective solutions to selected drivers through facilitated Action Research Groups (ARGs). The SAR approach, as an alternative, participatory approach to peace-building, aimed to engage and empower local actors to build their agency as they define and negotiate innovative pathways to achieve peace.
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Pravdov i Akinfeev. THE PROBLEM OF YOUNG GOALKEEPERS’ TECHNICAL TRAINING ANALYSIS IN FOOTBALL IN TERMS OF THE SENSORY RECEPTORS FUNCTIONS DEVELOPMENT OF VISUAL AND VESTIBULAR SENSORY SYSTEMS. Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Vocational Education "Povolzhskaya State Academy of Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism" Naberezhnye Chelny, grudzień 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.14526/48_2013_22.

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Dioma, Alamoussa, Marina Apgar, Fatoumata Keita i Jacqueline Hicks. Évaluation de la recherche-action systémique en tant qu'intervention participative de consolidation de la paix au Mali : résultats obtenus à Djenné et à Mopti. Institute of Development Studies, sierpień 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2024.029.

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Ce document de travail présente les résultats d'une évaluation basée sur une théorie intégrée d'une initiative participative de construction de la paix mise en oeuvre dans les cercles de Djenné et de Mopti au Mali dans le cadre du projet Vestibule de la Paix. Le projet a utilisé la recherche-action systémique (SAR) pour soutenir d'abord divers membres de communautés locales sélectionnées afin de recueillir et d'analyser des récits de vie en cartographiant les moteurs systémiques du conflit. Cette analyse causale a motivé l'élaboration de solutions collectives aux facteurs sélectionnés par l'intermédiaire de groupes de recherche-action (GRA). L'approche SAR, en tant qu'approche alternative et participative de la construction de la paix, visait à impliquer et à responsabiliser les acteurs locaux pour qu'ils développent leur capacité à définir et à négocier des voies innovantes pour parvenir à la paix. Le document présente des conclusions sur la manière dont, pour qui et dans quelles conditions les phases du processus SAR ont conduit à un certain nombre de résultats : l'instauration d'un climat de confiance créant les conditions nécessaires à l'efficacité des GRA ; la résolution directe de conflits de longue date grâce aux actions des GRA ; l'appropriation locale et l'utilisation d'une méthodologie inclusive et causale pour la résolution des conflits ; et le potentiel d'appropriation et d'action collective pour influencer la dynamique du système.
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