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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Wheat South Australia Growth”

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Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

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1

Zubaidi, A., G. K. McDonald, and G. J. Hollamby. "Shoot growth, root growth and grain yield of bread and durum wheat in South Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 39, no. 6 (1999): 709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98184.

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Summary. In South Australia, durum wheat yields more than bread wheat under well-watered and fertile conditions, but over much of the state’s cereal belt the yields of durum wheat, relative to bread wheat, are low. Three experiments were conducted over 3 years at 2 sites to compare the growth and yield of bread and durum wheat and to investigate some of the reasons for the differences in the relative yields of the 2 cereals. Durum wheat yielded less than bread wheat when annual rainfall was less than about 450 mm or when the site mean yield for bread wheat was less than 250 g/m2. Compared with

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2

Choct, M., R. J. Hughes, and G. Annison. "Apparent metabolisable energy and chemical composition of Australian wheat in relation to environmental factors." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50, no. 4 (1999): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a98155.

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A total of 81 wheats collected from New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Queensland, and Western Australia over 3 harvests were assayed for apparent metabolisable energy (AME) in broiler chickens. The non-starch polysaccharides (soluble and insoluble) and their individual sugar components, starch, and protein were also determined. The nutritive quality of wheat varied significantly (P < 0.01), especially at time of harvest, with approximately 40% having an average AME value <13 MJ/kg dry matter. The low-AME wheats usually caused copious quantities of watery and sticky droppings. T

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3

McMullen, K. G., and J. M. Virgona. "Dry matter production and grain yield from grazed wheat in southern New South Wales." Animal Production Science 49, no. 10 (2009): 769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an09055.

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In southern New South Wales, Australia, grazing wheat during the vegetative and early reproductive growth stages (typically during winter) can provide a valuable contribution of high quality feed during a period of low pasture growth. This paper reports results from a series of experiments investigating the agronomic management of grazed wheats in southern NSW. The effect of sowing date and grazing on dry matter production and subsequent grain yield of a range of wheat cultivars was measured in five experiments in 2004 and 2005. In all experiments, results were compared with ungrazed spring wh

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4

Evans, J., NA Fettell, DR Coventry, GE O'Connor, DN Walsgott, J. Mahoney, and EL Armstrong. "Wheat response after temperate crop legumes in south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 42, no. 1 (1991): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9910031.

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At 15 sites in the cereal belt of New South Wales and Victoria, wheat after lupin or pea produced more biomass and had a greater nitrogen (N) content than wheat after wheat or barley; on average these crops assimilated 36 kg N/ha more. The improved wheat yield after lupin averaged 0 . 9 t/ha and after pea 0.7 t/ha, increases of 44 and 32% respectively. The responses were variable with site, year and legume. Soil available N was increased by both lupin and pea and the levels of surface inorganic N measured at the maturity of first year crops was often related to N in wheat grown in the followin

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5

Coutts, B. A., N. E. B. Hammond, M. A. Kehoe, and R. A. C. Jones. "Finding Wheat streak mosaic virus in south-west Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 59, no. 9 (2008): 836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar08034.

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Between 2003 and summer 2006, 33 659 samples of wheat and grasses were collected from diverse locations in south-west Australia and tested for presence of Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), but none was detected. In April–early May 2006, 2840 random samples of volunteer wheat from 28 fields on 24 farms in 6 districts in the grainbelt were tested. WSMV was detected for the first time, the infected samples coming from three fields, one in the Hyden and two in the Esperance districts. In ‘follow-up’ surveys in May 2006 in the same two districts, 8983 samples of volunteer wheat or grasses were test

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6

Radke, J. K., A. R. Dexter, and O. J. Devine. "Tillage Effects on Soil Temperature, Soil Water, and Wheat Growth in South Australia." Soil Science Society of America Journal 49, no. 6 (November 1985): 1542–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1985.03615995004900060042x.

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Zubaidi, A., G. K. McDonald, and G. J. Hollamby. "Nutrient uptake and distribution by bread and durum wheat under drought conditions in South Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 39, no. 6 (1999): 721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98185.

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Summary. An important limitation to the production of durum wheat in South Australia is its poor adaptation to the alkaline, sodic soils of the cereal belt, which often results in nutrient imbalances in the crop. A field experiment was conducted at Palmer, South Australia, to measure the nutrient uptake and distribution between grain and straw of 3 bread wheat cultivars and 9 cultivars and breeding lines of durum wheat. The purpose of the work was to characterise the patterns of nutrient uptake and to examine whether there were major, consistent differences between bread wheat and durum wheat.

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8

Angus, J. F., A. F. van Herwaarden, D. P. Heenan, R. A. Fischer, and G. N. Howe. "The source of mineral nitrogen for cereals in south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 49, no. 3 (1998): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a97125.

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The relative importance of soil mineral nitrogen (N) available at the time of sowing ormineralised during the growing season was investigated for 6 crops of dryland wheat. The soil mineral N in the root-zone was sampled at sowing and maturity and the rate of net mineralisation in the top 10 cm was estimated by sequential sampling throughout the growing season, using an in situ method. Mineralisation during crop growth was modelled in relation to total soil N, ambient temperature, andsoil water content. Mineral N accumulated before sowing varied by a factor of 3 between the sites (from 67 to 19

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9

Latta, R. A. "Performance of spring cereal genotypes under defoliation on the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 66, no. 4 (2015): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp14026.

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In mixed cropping and livestock dryland farming systems in southern Australia, grazing of cereals during their vegetative growth stages (typically during winter) can provide a valuable contribution of high-quality feed during a period of low pasture growth. This paper reports results from a series of experiments investigating the impact of defoliation on the grain production of cereals in the Eyre Peninsula region of South Australia. The comparative dry matter production and grain yield of wheat, barley and oats cultivars, with and without defoliation, at a range of growth stages were measured

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10

Ryan, M. H., R. M. Norton, J. A. Kirkegaard, K. M. McCormick, S. E. Knights, and J. F. Angus. "Increasing mycorrhizal colonisation does not improve growth and nutrition of wheat on Vertosols in south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 53, no. 10 (2002): 1173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar02005.

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Most crops host arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Canola and other brassicas are some of the few exceptions. This study examined AM fungal colonisation, uptake of phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn), growth, and yield of wheat following brassicas and crops that host AMF in 5 crop-sequence experiments in southern New South Wales and Victoria. All experiments were on alkaline Vertosols, similar to soils in the northern wheatbelt on which low AM fungal colonisation of wheat following canola, or long-fallow, has been reported to induce poor crop growth. Soils with a broad range of extractable P concent

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11

Sissons, Mike, Ben Ovenden, Dante Adorada, and Andrew Milgate. "Durum wheat quality in high-input irrigation systems in south-eastern Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 65, no. 5 (2014): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp13431.

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To extend the production base of durum wheat in Australia, field trials were conducted on seven registered durum varieties across four seasons and six sites in locations where irrigation was supplied during crop growth. The purpose was to determine if the quality of the grain produced met the requirements for good milling and pasta-making quality and to understand the genotype, environment and their interaction in affecting yield and technological quality of the grain and derived pasta. High grain yields and grain protein were obtained, producing large grain weights, low screenings and low per

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12

Fillery, IR, and KJ McInnes. "Components of the fertiliser nitrogen balance for wheat production on duplex soils." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 32, no. 7 (1992): 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9920887.

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In this paper, we review literature on the fate of fertiliser nitrogen (N) applied to duplex soils in wheat-growing regions of southern Australia, and discuss the contribution of specific N transformations to N loss. Duplex soils are characterised by the presence of soil material, within the rooting depth of crops, that possess hydraulic conductivities that are lower than those of overlying material. Denitrification and the transport of nitrate below rooting depth of crops are thought to be the chief causes of loss of fertiliser N and to contribute to poor grain yields. Ammonia volatilisation

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13

Cooke, JW, GW Ford, RG Dumsday, and ST Willatt. "Effect of fallowing practices on the growth and yield of wheat in south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 3 (1985): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850614.

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The effects on crop establishment, crop development and the yield of wheat of two methods of fallow preparation, at each of three lengths of fallow were investigated over 5 years on red duplex and associated soils in north-central Victoria. The two methods of preparation were: scarifying, which involved the repeated use of a tined tillage implement; and herbicide application, which involved the repeated use of non-residual herbicides to control weeds during the fallow phase. The three lengths of fallow were winter, spring and autumn, which were approximately 10, 8 and 2 months respectively. Gr

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14

Syme, H., T. L. Botwright Acuña, D. Abrecht, and L. J. Wade. "Nitrogen contributions in a windmill grass (Chloris truncata) - wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) system in south-western Australia." Soil Research 45, no. 8 (2007): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr07159.

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Chloris truncata, a perennial grass that is native to Australia, has potential as a short-lived summer pasture in rotation with wheat and other winter crops in the low to medium rainfall zone of south-western Australia. In this paper we examine the nitrogen contributions from a C. truncata–wheat system, with the expectation that C. truncata may take up nitrate which would otherwise be lost to leaching, for later release to the following wheat crop. In glasshouse experiments, residual soil nitrate in bare soil was available for uptake and growth of wheat, with a greater response when N was appl

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15

Steiner, JL, RCG Smith, WS Meyer, and JA Adeney. "Water use, foliage temperature and yield of irrigated wheat in south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 36, no. 1 (1985): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9850001.

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Quantification of the relationship between evapotranspiration (Et) and yield is important for the analysis of irrigation practices. Wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Avocet) was grown at the CSIRO Centre for Irrigation Research, Griffith, N.S.W., in 1982 with treatments of no irrigation and irrigation at 40, 70, and 90% depletion of plant available soil water. Irrigation significantly affected total dry matter, grain yield, and the yield components of number of heads per m2, number of grains per head, mass of individual grains, and harvest index. Plot grain yields, varying from 1.7 to 8.3 t ha-1, w

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16

Acuña, Tina Botwright, Geoff Dean, and Penny Riffkin. "Constraints to achieving high potential yield of wheat in a temperate, high-rainfall environment in south-eastern Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 62, no. 2 (2011): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp10271.

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Average wheat yields in the high-rainfall zone (HRZ) of southern Australia are predicted to be around 10 t ha–1, yet most regions fall short through a lack of locally adapted cultivars or abiotic stress that constrains yield. Wheat yields in Tasmania can be variable but have exceeded this potential yield in some field trials and have thus approached that of other traditionally high-yielding HRZ environments such as northern Europe. A contributing factor to high wheat yields in Tasmania is the cool-temperate climate, which tends not to have extremes in temperature (cold, heat) as may be experie

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17

McDonald, G. K., J. D. Taylor, A. Verbyla, and H. Kuchel. "Assessing the importance of subsoil constraints to yield of wheat and its implications for yield improvement." Crop and Pasture Science 63, no. 12 (2012): 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp12244.

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Many of the soils in the Australian cereal belt have subsoils with chemical and physical properties that restrict root growth, which limits water use and yield. On alkaline sodic soils salinity, high pH, high available boron (B), deficiencies of zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) and high soil strength occur commonly and aluminium (Al) toxicity restricts root growth on acid soils. While the effects of individual subsoil constraints have been studied there is some debate about the relative importance to yield of the different soil stresses across the region. To address this issue yield variation amon

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18

Sloane, D. H. G., G. S. Gill, and G. K. McDonald. "The impact of agronomic manipulation of early vigour in wheat on growth and yield in South Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 55, no. 6 (2004): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar03170.

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The initial growth of wheat crops can be manipulated either by agronomic means, such as by increasing inputs of seed and fertiliser, or by genetic improvement in early vigour. Cultivars of wheat with enhanced early vigour are still not commercially available and so a series of experiments was conducted to examine the impact of increasing initial dry matter production and leaf area index by increasing sowing and nitrogen (N) rates on grain yield. Increasing the sowing rate and amount of N fertiliser applied significantly increased early dry matter production and leaf area, with the largest resp

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19

Humphries, A. W., R. A. Latta, G. C. Auricht, and W. D. Bellotti. "Over-cropping lucerne with wheat: effect of lucerne winter activity on total plant production and water use of the mixture, and wheat yield and quality." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 55, no. 8 (2004): 839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar03250.

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Two field experiments in southern Australia investigated a farming system of over-cropping wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) into established lucerne (Medicago sativa subsp. L.) varieties of different winter activity ratings. The study was completed at Roseworthy, South Australia, and Katanning, Western Australia, between August 2000 and May 2003 in seasons receiving below average and average rainfall. Comparative lucerne persistence and biomass, wheat biomass, grain yield and protein contents, and soil water contents were measured. Wheat grain yield was reduced by 13–63% by over-cropping lucerne c

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20

Borger, Catherine P. D., Abul Hashem, and Shahab Pathan. "Manipulating Crop Row Orientation to Suppress Weeds and Increase Crop Yield." Weed Science 58, no. 2 (June 2010): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-09-094.1.

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Crop rows oriented at a right angle to sunlight direction (i.e., east–west within the winter cropping system in Western Australia) may suppress weed growth through greater shading of weeds in the interrow spaces. This was investigated in the districts of Merredin and Beverley, Western Australian (latitudes of 31° and 32°S) from 2002 to 2005 (four trials). Winter grain crops (wheat, barley, canola, lupines, and field peas) were sown in an east–west or north–south orientation. Within wheat and barley crops oriented east–west, weed biomass (averaged throughout all trials) was reduced by 51 and 37

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21

Yunusa, I. A. M., W. D. Bellotti, A. D. Moore, M. E. Probert, J. A. Baldock, and S. M. Miyan. "An exploratory evaluation of APSIM to simulate growth and yield processes for winter cereals in rotation systems in South Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 8 (2004): 787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03121.

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The Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) suite of models was used to predict dynamics in water and nitrogen in soil, as well as the growth and yield of sequential crops of wheat and barley in pasture–wheat–barley rotations, between 1995 and 1997 at Roseworthy, South Australia. The NWHEAT model satisfactorily predicted above-ground dry matter, leaf area index and grain yields for both crops in rotations with either grassy (Grass) or medic (Medic) pastures, including the lack of significant response of yield to nitrogen fertiliser applied to wheat at sowing. Simulation data for soil

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Ward, P. R., J. A. Palta, and H. A. Waddell. "Root and shoot growth by seedlings of annual and perennial medic, and annual and perennial wheat." Crop and Pasture Science 62, no. 5 (2011): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp10392.

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Perennial plants such as lucerne are now widely acknowledged as one means of controlling the expansion of dryland salinity in southern Australia. However, their inclusion in farming systems is limited by poor seedling vigour, thought to be associated with greater allocation of biomass to perennating organs in roots, and poor adaptation to some soils and climatic conditions in south-western Australia. For this reason, interest in other perennial options such as perennial wheat is increasing. In this research we compared early (29-day) seedling growth and root : shoot ratios for annual and peren

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Sprigg, Hayden, Robert Belford, Steve Milroy, Sarita Jane Bennett, and David Bowran. "Adaptations for growing wheat in the drying climate of Western Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 65, no. 7 (2014): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp13352.

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This study investigated the effects of predicted changes in rainfall distribution in marginal (≤325 mm annual rainfall) parts of the south-west Australian wheatbelt and options for management and adaptation of the wheat crop. Field experiments with rain-out shelters and irrigation were conducted in 2008 and 2009 to investigate the interactions of rainfall distribution, row spacing, genotype and timing of nitrogen application on growth, water use and grain yield of spring wheat. Water storage before seeding showed potential to maintain or increase yields despite lower in-season rainfall. Wideni

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Kitchen, J. L., G. K. McDonald, K. W. Shepherd, M. F. Lorimer, and R. D. Graham. "Comparing wheat grown in South Australian organic and conventional farming systems. 1. Growth and grain yield." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 54, no. 9 (2003): 889. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar03039.

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Organic farming standards do not allow addition of water-soluble fertilisers and therefore it is likely that growth of organically grown crops will be limited by nutrient availability. However, in marginal rainfall conditions, when growth in conventional systems is limited by water availability, yields of organically grown crops could be comparable with those conventionally grown. Similarly, micronutrient-efficient plant varieties could be expected to perform comparatively better under organic farming conditions than they do in conventional systems, when compared with micronutrient-inefficient

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Zhang, Heping, Neil C. Turner, Michael L. Poole, and Senthold Asseng. "High ear number is key to achieving high wheat yields in the high-rainfall zone of south-western Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 58, no. 1 (2007): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar05170.

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The growth and yield of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were examined to determine the actual and potential yields of wheat at a site in the high rainfall zone (HRZ) of south-western Australia. Spring wheat achieved yields of 5.5−5.9 t/ha in 2001 and 2003 when subsurface waterlogging was absent or minimal. These yields were close to the estimated potential, indicating that a high yield potential is achievable. In 2002 when subsurface waterlogging occurred early in the growing season, the yield of spring wheat was 40% lower than the estimated potential. The yield of wheat was significantly

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Bramley, Helen, Stephen D. Tyerman, David W. Turner, and Neil C. Turner. "Root growth of lupins is more sensitive to waterlogging than wheat." Functional Plant Biology 38, no. 11 (2011): 910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp11148.

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In south-west Australia, winter grown crops such as wheat and lupin often experience transient waterlogging during periods of high rainfall. Wheat is believed to be more tolerant to waterlogging than lupins, but until now no direct comparisons have been made. The effects of waterlogging on root growth and anatomy were compared in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) and yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus L.) using 1 m deep root observation chambers. Seven days of waterlogging stopped root growth in all species, except some nodal root development in wheat. Root

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Nuttall, J. G., R. D. Armstrong, and D. J. Connor. "Early growth of wheat is more sensitive to salinity than boron at levels encountered in alkaline soils of south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 11 (2006): 1507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04264.

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The early vegetative growth of 3 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, Frame, BT Schomburgk and Schomburgk, was evaluated over a range of soil salinity and soluble boron (B) concentrations in pots. Additions of boric acid and mixed salts to a sandy clay soil produced extractable B levels of 2, 13, 24, 51 and 129 mg/kg and salinities (ECe) of 0.8, 8, 15, 23 and 29 dS/m. In both cases, the levels produced in the first 4 treatments corresponded well with those commonly observed in subsoils of the southern Mallee. Within the ranges tested, wheat cultivars had relatively greater tolerance to B to

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Sprague, S. J., J. A. Kirkegaard, H. Dove, J. M. Graham, S. E. McDonald, and W. M. Kelman. "Integrating dual-purpose wheat and canola into high-rainfall livestock systems in south-eastern Australia. 1. Crop forage and grain yield." Crop and Pasture Science 66, no. 4 (2015): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp14200.

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The development of guidelines for successful dual-purpose (graze and grain) use of wheat and canola in Australia’s high-rainfall zones (HRZ) has mostly emerged from separate wheat- and canola-focused research. Less attention has been placed on the benefits of integrating dual-purpose wheat and canola into pasture-based grazing enterprises. We conducted a farming systems experiment during 2010–11 to evaluate the benefits of integrating wheat and canola as dual-purpose crops into a pasture-based grazing system in Australia’s south-eastern tablelands. We compared forage production and grain yield

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Bell, Lindsay W., Julianne M. Lilley, James R. Hunt, and John A. Kirkegaard. "Corrigendum to: Optimising grain yield and grazing potential of crops across Australia’s high-rainfall zone: a simulation analysis. 1. Wheat." Crop and Pasture Science 67, no. 1 (2016): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp14230_co.

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Interest is growing in the potential to expand cropping into Australia's high-rainfall zone (HRZ). Dual-purpose crops are suited to the longer growing seasons in these environments to provide both early grazing for livestock and later regrow to produce grain. Grain yield and grazing potential of wheats of four different maturity types were simulated over 50 years at 13 locations across Australia's HRZ, and sowing date, nitrogen (N) availability and crop density effects were explored. Potential grazing days on wheat were obtained by simulating sheep grazing crops to Zadoks growth stage Z30 at 2

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Nuttall, J. G., G. J. O'Leary, N. Khimashia, S. Asseng, G. Fitzgerald, and R. Norton. "‘Haying-off' in wheat is predicted to increase under a future climate in south-eastern Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 63, no. 7 (2012): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp12062.

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Under a future climate for south-eastern Australia there is the likelihood that the net effect of elevated CO2, (eCO2) lower growing-season rainfall and high temperature will increase haying-off thus limit production of rain-fed wheat crops. We used a modelling approach to assess the impact of an expected future climate on wheat growth across four cropping regions in Victoria. A wheat model, APSIM-Nwheat, was performance tested against three datasets: (i) a field experiment at Wagga Wagga, NSW; (ii) the Australian Grains Free Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (AGFACE) experiment at Horsham, Victor

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Roget, DK. "Decline in root rot (Rhizoctonia solani AG-8) in wheat in a tillage and rotation experiment at Avon, South Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 7 (1995): 1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9951009.

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Studies of a tillage x rotation field experiment begun in 1978 at Avon, South Australia, have demonstrated a decline in rhizoctonia root rot of wheat. In direct-drilled treatments the severity of rhizoctonia root rot culminated in 1983, with patches of poor plant growth accounting for up to 46% of the crop area, and then declined to negligible levels by 1990. Disease severity was significantly less in cultivated than direct-drilled treatments. In cultivated treatments the onset of decline was more difficult to determine, but by 1990 there was negligible rhizoctonia root rot in either tillage t

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Zhang, Heping, Neil C. Turner, and Michael L. Poole. "Yield of wheat and canola in the high rainfall zone of south-western Australia in years with and without a transient perched water table." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 55, no. 4 (2004): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar03122.

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The yields of wheat and canola in 2 successive years with and without the development of a perched watertable were compared in the high rainfall zone of south-western Australia. In 2001, no perched watertable was observed and wheat and canola yields were close to their estimated potentials. In 2002, a perched watertable developed at less than 30 cm below the soil surface for more than 8 days and at less than 50 cm below the soil surface for at least 30 days at the tillering stage of wheat and at the rosette stage of canola. The air-filled porosity of the soil fell below the critical value of 1

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Officer, S. J., V. M. Dunbabin, R. D. Armstrong, R. M. Norton, and G. A. Kearney. "Wheat roots proliferate in response to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilisers in Sodosol and Vertosol soils of south-eastern Australia." Soil Research 47, no. 1 (2009): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr08089.

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Root growth responses to separately placed of bands of N and P fertiliser were examined at the 3-leaf (GS13) and stem extension growth stages (GS30) for wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Yitpi) growing in 2 major alkaline soil types from the rainfed (375–420 mm) grain production regions of south-eastern Australia. Intact cores of a Sodosol and a Vertosol were destructively sampled and changes in root length density (RLD) and root diameter distribution within the soil profile were examined using restricted maximum likelihood analysis and principal component analysis, respectively. At GS13, RLD in

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Pankhurst, CE, HJ McDonald, and BG Hawke. "Influence of soil-water matric potential on the control of Pythium root infection of wheat with metalaxyl in two contrasting soils of South Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 5 (1995): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9950603.

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Under prevailing climatic conditions, treatment of winter-sown wheat with metalaxyl (seed dressing, granule, or soil drench applications) significantly limited seed infection by Pythium species but did not give a significant yield response in separate field trials conducted on 2 contrasting soil types in South Australia. However, following irrigation of trial plots (which raised the soil-water matric potential from about -0.09 MPa to -0.02 MPa) during the first 3 weeks of wheat growth in 1989, metalaxyl granule treatment was effective in limiting seed and root infection by the 2 dominant Pythi

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Browne, Nicholas, and Bikal Pokharel. "South Australia's power sector: renewables, batteries and the future role of gas." APPEA Journal 58, no. 2 (2018): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj17063.

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The South Australia experience is noteworthy in a global power mix set to increasingly shift to renewable energy. The rapid growth of renewables raises intermittency challenges and has already changed the power mix with coal phased out and gas utilisation reduced. However, despite this reduction, gas still remains the most important way to ensure uninterrupted power supply. Meanwhile, South Australia is experimenting with numerous new technologies, in addition to reintroducing diesel generation, in an attempt to ensure security of power supply. Currently, these technologies are not economic co

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Perry, MW, and DJ Miers. "A re-evaluation of chlormequat application to wheat in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 26, no. 3 (1986): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9860361.

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The effect of chlormequat on the grain yield of wheat was investigated in 24 field experiments between 1981 and 1983. Two times of application (at the 3.5- and 6-leaf growth stages-Zadoks decimal score 13.5 and 16.0) and rates of application up to 0.75 kg/ha a.i. were tested with two chlormequat formulations, Cycocel 750 and Bettaquat. Chlormequat application reduced crop height in all trials, but crop lodging did not occur in any trial. Statistically significant yield responses to rate of application alone were obtained in only three of 24 trials, with maximum yield occurring at 0.19-0.37 kg/

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Ma, G., P. Rengasamy, and A. J. Rathjen. "Phytotoxicity of aluminium to wheat plants in high-pH solutions." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 5 (2003): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01153.

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Phytotoxicity of aluminium in acid soils is well known. At pH ≥6.3, aluminate [Al(OH)4–] is the principal hydroxo-aluminium species in soil solutions; however, its phytotoxicity has not received much attention. Sodic subsoils in Australia are generally alkaline and have pH above 9. During our survey of 8 subsoils in South Australia, we found aluminate ions at concentrations greater than 0.8 mg/L (29.7 μmol/L of aluminium) in soil solutions when pH was greater than 9, with corresponding high uptake of aluminium by wheat plants. We studied the phytotoxicity of aluminium to wheat plants in soluti

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Dove, H., J. A. Kirkegaard, W. M. Kelman, S. J. Sprague, S. E. McDonald, and J. M. Graham. "Integrating dual-purpose wheat and canola into high-rainfall livestock systems in south-eastern Australia. 2. Pasture and livestock production." Crop and Pasture Science 66, no. 4 (2015): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp14201.

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In south-eastern Australia, low winter temperatures often reduce pasture growth and thus winter herbage supply relative to livestock requirements. Grazing of vegetative grain crops in winter is one strategy that might overcome this feed gap. In a study with young sheep over two seasons near Canberra, ACT, we compared pasture-only grazing with three separate crop–livestock systems in which the sheep grazed long-season wheat, winter canola or a combination of these, for intervals over the period May–August. We measured forage biomass, sheep grazing days (SGD) and liveweight accumulated per ha. C

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Norton, R. M., and N. G. Wachsmann. "Nitrogen use and crop type affect the water use of annual crops in south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 57, no. 3 (2006): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar05056.

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The effect of management and crop selection on water use and profile drying was investigated using 2 series of experiments conducted in the Victorian Wimmera. The effect of applied nitrogen on growth and water use of canola was assessed from 3 field experiments on a Vertosol soil. Across these sites, 140 kg N/ha increased crop water use by a mean of 30 mm, and the biological response averaged 3.68 t/ha of shoot dry matter and seed yield increased by 73% from 1.46 to 2.52 t/ha. The additional nitrogen enabled roots to go deeper into the soil and also to extract water to higher tensions, but the

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Rebetzke, G. J., and R. A. Richards. "Genetic improvement of early vigour in wheat." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50, no. 3 (1999): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a98125.

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Grain yield potential of Australian wheat crops is often limited because of inadequate water for crop growth and grain filling. Greater early vigour, defined here as the amount of leaf area produced early in the season, should improve the water-use efficiency and yield of wheat crops grown in Mediterranean-type climates such as occurs in southern Australia. In order to maximise selection efficiency for early vigour in breeding programs, the magnitude and form of genetic variation for early vigour and its components was investigated for 2 contrasting wheat populations. The first population comp

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Cooper, J. L. "The effect of biosolids on cereals in central New South Wales, Australia. 1. Crop growth and yield." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 4 (2005): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03099.

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Two forms of biosolids, with and without lime, were applied to acid soils at 2 sites in central New South Wales. Wheat and triticale were then grown on these sites to determine the effect of biosolids on crop growth and yield. The forms of biosolids used were dewatered sewage sludge cake, and N-Viro Soil which is a lime amended sewage sludge. Dewatered sewage sludge cake was applied at rates of 0, 6, 12 and 24 dry Mg/ha, and N-Viro soil at 0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 dry Mg/ha. Biosolids produced grain yield increases of over 50% at both sites, with the largest yield increases at the highest rate of d

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Cammarano, Davide, Glenn Fitzgerald, Bruno Basso, Deli Chen, Peter Grace, and Garry O'Leary. "Remote estimation of chlorophyll on two wheat cultivars in two rainfed environments." Crop and Pasture Science 62, no. 4 (2011): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp10100.

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For this study we hypothesise that the use of canopy chlorophyll content index (CCCI) and crop greenness will be useful in assessing crop nutritional status and provide a robust management tool by growth stage DC30 for fertiliser application across multiple sites without being confounded by soil and biomass differences. The objectives of this study were: (i) to study the robustness of the CCCI and greenness as a measure of crop N content at two different locations, and (ii) to validate the model developed for crop nitrogen (N) determination. Data were collected from two rain-fed field sites cr

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Fischer, RA, Y. Kono, and GN Howe. "Direct drilling effects on early growth of wheat: studies in intact soil cores." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 2 (1994): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9940223.

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Tillage experiments with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were conducted at 2 sites in south-eastern Australia: one cool and wet (Murrumbateman), the other warmer and drier (Yanco). Following crop residue removal, direct drilling treatments with complete surface disturbance to 3 cm depth of the medium-textured topsoils (D), or with disturbance only in the narrow seeding slots (DN), were compared with drilling into a surface prepared by cultivating to about 7 cm depth (control). At the 4.5 leaf stage, seedlings from D and DN treatments had less shoot dry weight than the control except at Murrumbate

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Brennan, R. F., and M. D. A. Bolland. "Comparing copper requirements of field pea and wheat grown on alkaline soils." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 9 (2004): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03091.

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Copper (Cu) is a common deficiency of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), the major crop grown in south-western Australia. The Cu requirements of wheat are well known for soils in the region, but are not known for field pea (Pisum sativum L.) grown in rotation with wheat on alkaline soils in the region. The Cu requirements of field pea and spring wheat were compared in a glasshouse experiment, using 2 alkaline soils from south-western Australia. The Cu was either incubated in moist soil at 22°C for 100 days before sowing (incubated Cu) or applied just before sowing (current Cu). Comparative C

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Tew, Michelle, Kim M. Dalziel, Dennis J. Petrie, and Philip M. Clarke. "Growth of linked hospital data use in Australia: a systematic review." Australian Health Review 41, no. 4 (2017): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah16034.

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Objective The aim of the present study was to quantify and understand the utilisation of linked hospital data for research purposes across Australia over the past two decades. Methods A systematic review was undertaken guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2009 checklist. Medline OVID, PsycINFO, Embase, EconLit and Scopus were searched to identify articles published from 1946 to December 2014. Information on publication year, state(s) involved, type of data linkage, disease area and purpose was extracted. Results The search identified 3314 ar

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Pembleton, K. G., R. P. Rawnsley, J. L. Jacobs, F. J. Mickan, G. N. O'Brien, B. R. Cullen, and T. Ramilan. "Evaluating the accuracy of the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) simulating growth, development, and herbage nutritive characteristics of forage crops grown in the south-eastern dairy regions of Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 64, no. 2 (2013): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp12372.

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Pasture-based dairy farms are a complex system involving interactions between soils, pastures, forage crops, and livestock as well as the economic and social aspects of the business. Consequently, biophysical and farm systems models are becoming important tools to study pasture-based dairy systems. However, there is currently a paucity of modelling tools available for the simulation of one key component of the system—forage crops. This study evaluated the accuracy of the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) in simulating dry matter (DM) yield, phenology, and herbage nutritive char

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Larg, Allison, John R. Moss, and Nicola Spurrier. "Relative contribution of overweight and obesity to rising public hospital in-patient expenditure in South Australia." Australian Health Review 43, no. 2 (2019): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah17147.

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Objective Arguments to fund obesity prevention have often focused on the growing hospital costs of associated diseases. However, the relative contribution of overweight and obesity to public hospital expenditure growth is not well understood. This paper examines the effect of overweight and obesity on acute public hospital in-patient expenditure in South Australia over time compared with other expenditure drivers. Methods Annual inflation-adjusted acute public admitted expenditure attributable to a high body mass index was estimated for 2007–08 and 2011–12 and compared with other expenditure d

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McDonald, Glenn, William Bovill, Julian Taylor, and Robert Wheeler. "Responses to phosphorus among wheat genotypes." Crop and Pasture Science 66, no. 5 (2015): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp14191.

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Phosphorus (P) recovery and P-use efficiency (PUE) by wheat are low, and genetic improvement in PUE is a potential means of improving the effectiveness of P in farming systems. We examined variation in response to P in wheat to identify genotypes that showed consistent responsiveness to P fertiliser in the field and which may be the target of future studies, and examined differences in P uptake and partitioning. The response to P was studied among a diverse set of bread wheat germplasm at three sites in South Australia between 2009 and 2012. Up to 53 varieties and breeding lines were grown at

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Officer, S. J., R. D. Armstrong, and R. M. Norton. "Plant availability of phosphorus from fluid fertiliser is maintained under soil moisture deficit in non-calcareous soils of south-eastern Australia." Soil Research 47, no. 1 (2009): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr08090.

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Low soil moisture and phosphorus (P) deficiencies restrict grain production in south-eastern Australia. The effect of the soil moisture regime on the plant availability of P from fluid mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP) fertiliser was examined during vegetative growth of wheat and canola in P-responsive soils from the Wimmera, Mallee, and high rainfall zone (Glenelg) regions of Victoria. Three plant growth experiments were performed. In Experiment 1, wheat growth and P uptake increased synergistically as soil moisture increased above permanent wilting point (PWP) and as P rate increased. In Experim

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Harris, John. "Is LNG the panacea for Australia's natural gas?" APPEA Journal 50, no. 2 (2010): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj09077.

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Australia already has abundant natural gas reserves. To what extent will LNG exports grow? What is the potential for future conventional gas discoveries? Is there a potential round of additional CBM-sourced LNG projects? Could shale gas contribute to supply? There are already a significant number of proposed LNG projects in Australia. How many more projects might emerge to add to the current tally? In the longer term, Australia has the potential to surpass Qatar as the world’s leading LNG exporter but which markets can help Australia realise that potential? With growing Asian demand for LNG, a

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