Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / WHO standard

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  1. Artykuły w czasopismach
  2. Rozprawy doktorskie
  3. Książki
  4. Części książek
  5. Streszczenia konferencji
  6. Raporty organizacyjne

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „WHO standard”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 3 czerwca 2025
Data aktualizacji: 22 czerwca 2025

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "WHO standard"

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Brown-Wagner, Susan. "Who Sets the Standard?" Oncology Issues 14, no. 3 (1999): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10463356.1999.11904835.

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Strevens, Peter. "Standards and the Standard Language." English Today 1, no. 2 (1985): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078400000055.

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Who speaks Standard English? Do all the people on our cover use it, only some of them, or only one of them? Are these even reasonable questions to ask in 1985? What is the standard language and what are language standards anyway, towards the end of the 20th century?
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Lim, Sabina. "WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 7, no. 2 (2010): 167–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nep006.

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‘WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region(WHO Standard) was released in 2008. Initially, there were 92/361 controversial acupuncture points (acupoints). Through seven informal consultations and four task force team meetings, 86 points were agreed upon among the 92 controversial acupoints, leaving 6 remaining controversial acupoints, demanding active research in the future. This will enhance the reproducibility and validity of acupuncture studies. It will also lead to a better understanding of acupuncture mechanisms in order to optimize its clinical efficacy for a range of diseases and syndromes. This book has two parts: General Guidelines for Acupuncture Point Locations and WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations. First of all, familiarity with the General Guidelines for Acupuncture Point Locations in this book can help the reader to understand and use the contents of this book in depth. I would like to thank all of the participating experts and scholars for this great work, who have overcome the limits of previous acupuncture references. I also appreciate the dedicated effort and harmonious leadership of Dr Choi Seung-hoon, former Regional Adviser in Traditional Medicine of Western Pacific Office, WHO.
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Selbst, Alan G. "Standard of care: So who decides?" Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology 83, no. 6 (1997): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1079-2104(97)90306-1.

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Norrie, K. M. "Medical negligence: who sets the standard?" Journal of Medical Ethics 11, no. 3 (1985): 135–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.11.3.135.

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HEAD, BARBARA. "Who Sets the Standard for Hospice Care?" Home Healthcare Nurse 19, no. 3 (2001): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004045-200103000-00016.

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Rossi, Agustín. "Internet Privacy: Who Sets the Global Standard?" International Spectator 49, no. 1 (2014): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03932729.2014.875823.

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Kelleher, Martin, and Kevin Lewis. "‘Satisficing’ in dentistry: who decides? who benefits?" Dental Update 51, no. 2 (2024): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/denu.2024.51.2.86.

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This series of articles challenges some popular myths about supposedly ‘ideal’ treatment plans, and is designed to provoke reflection and stimulate debate. It explains the concept of ‘satisficing’ (as opposed to ‘maximizing’) in dentistry, and illustrates how subconscious bias and self-interests might lead supposed experts to promote arbitrary aspirational standards and confuse them with what the law expects (the Bolam Test standard) and what is genuinely in the best interests of an individual patient. It is argued that sound, patient-centred pragmatic planning and treatment is equally valid, with wider applicability than routinely defaulting to a self-serving ‘maximalist’ approach, often on spurious grounds. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The ‘satisficing’ concept has wide and profound application across many fields of dentistry; this first part explains the basic principles and how and why it is relevant to various aspects of practical dentistry and also to our understanding of professionalism.
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Lewis, Kevin, and Martin Kelleher. "Satisficing in dentistry. Who decides? who benefits? part 2." Dental Update 51, no. 3 (2024): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/denu.2024.51.3.159.

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This three-part series of articles challenges some popular myths about supposedly ‘ideal’ treatment plans and is designed to provoke reflection and stimulate debate. It explains the concept of ‘satisficing’, as opposed to ‘maximizing’, in dentistry, and illustrates how subconscious bias and self-interests might lead supposed experts to promote arbitrary aspirational standards and confuse them with what the law expects (the Bolam Test standard), and what is genuinely in the best interests of an individual patient. It is argued that sound, patient-centred pragmatic planning and treatment is equally valid, with wider applicability than routinely defaulting to a self-serving ‘maximalist’ approach. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The ‘satisficing’ concept has wide and profound application across many fields of dentistry.
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Kelleher, Martin, and Kevin Lewis. "Satisficing in Dentistry. Who decides? Who benefits? Part 3." Dental Update 51, no. 4 (2024): 232–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/denu.2024.51.4.232.

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This series of articles challenges some popular myths about supposedly ‘ideal’ treatment plans and is designed to provoke reflection and stimulate debate. It explains the concept of ‘satisficing’ (as opposed to ‘maximizing’) in dentistry, and illustrates how subconscious bias and self-interests might lead supposed experts to promote arbitrary aspirational standards and confuse them with what the law expects (the Bolam Test standard) and what is genuinely in the best interests of an individual patient. It is argued that sound, patient-centred, pragmatic planning and treatment is equally valid, with wider applicability, than routinely defaulting to a self-serving ‘maximalist’ approach. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The ‘satisficing ‘concept has wide and profound application across many fields of clinical (and non-clinical) dentistry.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "WHO standard"

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Sloneker, G. Mark. "Burris Butler the man who helped save Standard Publishing Company /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1992. http://www.tren.com.

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Abrahamsson, Evonne, and Maria Andersson. ""Unga män som bryter mönstret" : "Young Men who Break the Standard"." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-3479.

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<p>Studien handlar om projektet Sharafs hjältar, som syftar till att förändra – attityderna hos unga män med rötter i hederskulturen. En kvalitativ metod har använts, där fyra intervjuer av män som arbetar inom organisationen genomförts. Syftet med studien är att få ökad förståelse för hur arbetet mot hedersrelaterat våld kan se ut. Fokus ligger på männens egen syn och egna erfarenheter av hederskulturen, samt deras arbete inom Sharafs hjältar. Våra frågeställningar är; Vad är Sharafs hjältar och vad är syftet och målet med projektet? Vilka metoder används i arbetet? Vilka problem och hinder uppstår under arbetet i projektet och vilket resultat har projektet givit hittills? Vad består en hederskultur av, och vilka problem orsakar den? Vilken roll har unga män i hederskulturen? Hur kan de arbeta för att förändra den?</p><p> </p><p>Resultatet visar att projektets syfte är att det ska vara en stödorganisation för att förebygga och förändra attityder, att fungera som en kunskapsbank för myndigheter i frågor gällande hedersrelaterat våld. Den huvudsakliga metoden i projektet är dialoggruppen, där arbetet startar ”underifrån” genom den unga generationens män. Resultatet som projektet har visat är att när dialogen kommer in i familjen, startar en tankeprocess, vilken leder till förändringar gällande rådande attityder. Problem som förekommer med arbetet handlar om brister i myndigheternas samarbete, samt att myndigheters kunskaper kring hedersproblematiken är bristfällig.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Nyckelord;</strong> Heder, Unga mäns roller, Sharafs hjältar, Hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck, Socialisation, Familjestruktur.</p><br><p>This study is about the project Sharaf’s heroes, which aims to change - the attitudes of young men with roots in honour culture. A qualitative method has been used, with four interviews with men who work within the organization. The aim of the study has been to increase the understanding of how work against honour related violence and oppressions can be dealt with, in order to decrease it. The focus in this study lies on the young men's own view on and experiences of honour culture and their work with the project Sharaf’s heroes. Our issues are as follows: What are Sharaf’s heroes and what is the purpose<strong> </strong>of the project? Which methods are used in their work? Which problems and obstacles will it be with the work in the project and which result has the project given so far? What does an honour culture consist of and what kinds of problems does it cause?<strong> </strong>Which role has young men<strong> </strong>living<strong> </strong>in honour culture and how can they work in order to change it?</p><p> </p><p>Our result shows that the project’s purpose of the project is that it will work as an aid organization in order to prevent and to change attitudes. Additionally, it will function as a knowledge bank for different authorities when it comes to honour related violence. The main method in the project is the dialogue group, where the work starts from underneath through the young generation's men. The result that the project has given so far shows that when the dialogue between children and parents start, a process begins which leads to change the current prevailing attitudes. The problems with the work in the project are above all that there is a lack of cooperation within the authorities, and that authority’s knowledge about honour related problems is inadequate.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords; </strong>Honour, Young men’s role, Sharaf’s heroes, Honour related violence and oppression, Socialization, Familystructure.</p><p> </p>
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Ryu, Jae-in. "Differences in estimates of dental treatment needs and workforce requirements between the standard normative need (WHO model) and sociodental approach to assessing dental need." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445035/.

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Background. Most dental planners use the normative approach for dental workforce planning. An alternative, the sociodental approach of need assessments has been developed to assess dental needs. Studies indicate large differences in needs assessed using the two methods.;Objectives. To assess and compare dental needs and manpower required for dental care of a sample of adult Koreans aged 30 to 64 years using the normative and the sociodental need approaches for three dental treatments restorative, prosthetic and periodontal treatments.;Methods. Assessments of dental needs and time required to treat using two approaches were based on analysis of data obtained from a sub-sample of 1029 30-64 year-old-adults from the 2003 Korean National Oral Health Survey. They were clinically examined for normative needs and interviewed using an Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) measure and their oral health related behaviours to assess propensity. Two needs methods were generated: 1. Normative Need (NN) defined by dental professionals 2. Socio-Dental Approach (SDA) that includes Impact-Related Needs (IRN) using an OHRQoL measure, OIDP, and Propensity-Related Needs (PRN). Amount of dental needs, time to treat, and numbers of dentists needed per 100,000 people were estimated for restorative, prosthetic, and periodontal treatments using NN, IRN and PRN.;Results. Significant differences of about 72% existed between estimates of need for prosthetic treatment using NN and IRN. In workforce estimates, the differences in dentists required to treat 100,000 people were 87.1 dentists would be needed using NN compared to 22.8 dentists for IRN and 18.9 for PRN for prosthetic treatment 22.5 dentists using NN compared to 15.9 or 2.7 using PRN for periodontal treatment and 8.8 dentists using NN compared to 6.6 for PRN for restorative treatment.;Conclusions. The socio-dental approach for assessing dental needs found lower levels of treatment need than the normative approach. The socio-dental approach should be applied to dental workforce planning.
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Leijon, Sofi. "Content and Language Integrated Learning in Sweden : A report of the experiences of teachers who teach in an International Baccalaureate program and a standard program." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-60166.

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This essay has been carried out with the purpose of investigating the differences between teaching in a CLIL program and in a standard program. The results of this research are based on the perceptions of five teachers working in both programs. These teachers participated in a semi-structured group interview where they were asked questions and were given the opportunity to develop the discussions among themselves. The results have shown that there are fewer differences between these two programs than I originally thought, but the differences that do exist were unexpected. All of the teachers who participated in the study had taught English before they started to work in the IB, but are not trained CLIL teachers. Since there were only five participants and these participants are not trained CLIL teachers, this investigation does not show a general result, but instead gives the picture of how working with CLIL and a standard program simultaneously could work.
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Tough, Susan. "Validation of two standard risk assessments (RRASOR, 1997; STATIC-99, 1999) on a sample of adult males who are developmentally disabled with significant cognitive deficits." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58817.pdf.

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Fischer, Uli [Verfasser], and Eva [Akademischer Betreuer] Grill. "Der Einfluss von Gelenkkontrakturen auf die Funktionsfähigkeit und die soziale Teilhabe von älteren Menschen : Entwicklung eines Standard Sets auf Basis der Internationalen Klassifikation für Funktionsfähigkeit, Behinderung und Gesundheit (ICF) der WHO / Uli Fischer. Betreuer: Eva Grill." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1070464775/34.

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Miller, Brooke Leigh. "Who decides what is smut? : local community standards and obscenity regulations /." Connect to resource, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1242850658.

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Niño, Machado Natalia. "Growing right : unpacking the WHO Child Growth Standards Development and their implementation in Colombia." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33267.

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Child growth reference charts have been used since the 1960s to assess children´s growth - enabling comparison of different population groups and the implementation of nutritional surveillance. In 2006, an important critical juncture occurred in the history of anthropometry and nutritional assessment, when the WHO released new growth charts for international comparison after promoting, since 1975, the use of the charts developed by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and US National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). According to the WHO, these charts indicate how children should grow for the best health outcome in contrast to the NCHS/CDC charts that indicated how the average child grows. This shift from a descriptive to a prescriptive -and rather normative - approach allowed the WHO to state that all children in the world have the potential to grow and develop to within the same range of height and weight, thus implying that all children should develop in specific standardised ways, regardless of ethnicity, socioeconomic status and type of feeding. By 2011, approximately 125 countries had adopted the WHO charts for individual growth monitoring as well as the means of producing statistics for under- and over-nutrition, which would be used to assess and monitor a population's health status. This shift between charts has direct implications for how children's growth is measured and how malnutrition is assessed. The adoption of the WHO charts has immediate consequences for the calculation of underweight, overweight, stunting, and wasting prevalence. In this sense, the adoption of the new charts considerably changes the estimates to predict nutrition-related emergencies, the assessment of appropriate weaning practices, and the screening and monitoring of populations at risk or with growth deficiencies or excesses. In my doctoral research, I use Colombia as a case study to unpack how a standard developed by an international organisation is negotiated, adopted and constantly transformed once it is scaled down to a specific country. Using the theoretical approach to standards by authors such as Star, Bowker, Timmermans, Berg, and Epstein, in this dissertation I show how, far from being 'stable' and 'value-free' (as the World Bank would describe them), growth charts are political tools of measurement, charged with specific values regarding children's bodies. Given that Colombia had previously used the NCHS charts, this research explores how the WHO charts have been adopted within individual growth monitoring programmes in Colombia. I also describe how the change in charts has destabilised the production of under and over-nutrition indicators by national bodies, such as the Ministry of Health and the Instituto Nacional de Salud. My data includes twenty-eight interviews with policy makers, experts and civil servants who actively participated in the process of adopting and adapting the standards in Colombia at the national level; seventeen interviews with nurses and doctors; observation of 158 anthropometric assessments of children under five years old within six health facilities in the Caribbean region that were implementing a growth monitoring programme. By exploring how the WHO charts are interpreted and used in practice, this research contributes to the study of standards and standardisation as a field of study in its own right.
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Jeannot, Lovemine. "Use of National and International Standards in Assessing the Growth and Nutritional Status of Rural Indian Children." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/317259.

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Public Health<br>M.S.<br>This study compares anthropometry of rural Indian schoolchildren using national and international reference values, and explores association between demographic and socioeconomic variables and growth measures among rural children. A cross-sectional survey of height, weight, and BMI was conducted among schoolchildren (5-16 years) in Gujarat, where there were pre-established contacts who could facilitate access to schools and data collection for this study. Gender- and age-specific Z-scores were obtained for 519 children (234 girls, 285 boys) based on Indian reference values (Khadilkar et al., 2009) using an Excel® macro. Percentages of children stunted (height-for-age less than or equal to -2SD), underweight (weight-for-age less than or equal to -2SD), and wasted (BMI-for-age less than or equal to -2SD) were obtained (Khadilkar & Khadilkar, 2011). Children falling between adult Indian BMI levels 23 and 28 kg/m2 were considered overweight, and those above 28 kg/m2 were considered obese. Those stunted (height-for-age + 1SD), and obese (BMI > +2SD) were generated similarly using the WHO International Growth Standards (WHO, 2015). Regression analyses were conducted to model the relationship between growth measures, determined using national references, and predictor variables: age, gender, school, and caste. 21%, 23.1%, 8.9%, 2.7% and 0.2% of children were respectively stunted, underweight, wasted, overweight and obese based on Indian References and recommendations, and 27 %, 8.7%, 6.4% and 2.7 % respectively stunted, wasted, overweight and obese based on WHO Standards and recommendations. School was found to have significant interaction with all growth measures (P <.0001) and age had a significant interaction with height-for-age (P = 0.05). The current level of undernutrition, and emerging problems of overnutrition, in this study highlight a need to concentrate efforts to improve nutrition of Indian schoolchildren in rural areas.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Uhle, Thomas S. "Principals who exceed district standards improving outcomes for students with emotional and behavioral disabilities." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5079.

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A phenomenological study was conducted to investigate the experiences of school principals, who exceeded district standards on standardized performance evaluations, in providing effective educational programs for students with emotional and behavioral disabilities (EBD) in an urban setting. The aim of this study was to identify common experiences, practices, or attitudes regarding students with EBD, and their teachers, among school principals who qualified for the study. Data was be collected through principal interviews. Data results were coded, organized, and analyzed using a systematic method of phenomenological analysis to find general themes that speak to the essence of the experience.<br>ID: 030423383; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ed.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 238-246).<br>Ed.D.<br>Doctorate<br>Education
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Książki na temat "WHO standard"

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WHO Scientific Group on International Acupuncture Nomenclature., ed. A Proposed standard international acupuncture nomenclature: Report of a WHO Scientific Group. World Health Organization, 1991.

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Crigger, David. Making MIDI work by someone who does. Alexander Pub., 1988.

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Simmons, Beth A. Who adjusts?: Domestic sources of foreign economic policy during the interwar years. Princeton University Press, 1994.

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Bugarin, Alicia. Minimum wage: Who gets it and what difference does it make? California Research Bureau, 2002.

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McElwee, Neil. Standard Oil Co. men in the early oil region: A history of the nineteenth century Pennsylvania Standard Oil enterprises and the men who made them happen. Oil Creek Press, 2006.

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Wellner, Alison Stein. Who's buying for the home: Who spends how much on products and services for the home. New Strategist, 1996.

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Great Britain. Department of Health. Improving working lives standard: NHS employers committed to improving the working lives of people who work in the NHS. Department of Health, 2000.

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Organization, World Health, and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations., eds. Understanding the Codex Alimentarius. World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2005.

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United States. Congress. House. A bill to amend title XVIII of the Social Security Act to provide for a standard of efficiency in the provision of home health services to Medicare beneficiaries and to reward those home health agencies who meet or exceed the standard, and for other purposes. [United States Government Printing Office], 1998.

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Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission. Report of the nineteenth session of the Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission, Rome, 1-10 July 1991. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1991.

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Części książek na temat "WHO standard"

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Špelić, Ivana, Alka Mihelić-Bogdanić, and Anica Hursa Šajatović. "Who Creates Standards?" In Standard Methods for Thermal Comfort Assessment of Clothing. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429422997-6.

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Bharadwaj, Ashish, Vishwas H. Devaiah, and Indranath Gupta. "Jurisprudence Evolved in Cases Involving Standard Essential Patents." In Locating Legal Certainty in Patent Licensing. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0181-4_3.

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AbstractSSO IPR Policies generally require two specific commitments from members who intend to submit their underlying technology toward standard development process. The undertaking provided by a prospective implementer to an SSO is that it will make full disclosures of the existing patents and any pending patent applications that are relevant toward the standards development process. SSO members pledging patents toward standard development process are also under an obligation to issue licenses to all implementer on fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory terms.
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Adamson, Jack “Gus.” "Who Am I?: Identifying a Mystery Flying Boat through Archival Analysis and Site Formation Processes." In Strides Towards Standard Methodologies in Aeronautical Archaeology. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40963-9_3.

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Mácha, Jakub. "Who Is Afraid of Truth Gaps? Wittgenstein and Kripke on the Standard Meter." In Engaging Kripke with Wittgenstein. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003240792-7.

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"THE INTERWAR GOLD STANDARD." In Who Adjusts? Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvx5wb53.7.

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"Chapter 2. THE INTERWAR GOLD STANDARD." In Who Adjusts? Princeton University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780691210124-005.

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"Lecturers who contributed to this volume." In Particle Physics Beyond the Standard Model. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-8099(06)80081-8.

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Nado, Jennifer. "Who Wants to Know?" In Oxford Studies in Epistemology Volume 6. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833314.003.0005.

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This chapter argues that professional inquirers, including professional philosophers, are subject to special epistemic obligations which require them to meet higher standards than those that are required for knowing. Perhaps the most obvious examples come from the experimental sciences, where professionals are required to employ rigorous methodological procedures to reduce the risk of error and bias; procedures such as double-blinding are obligatory in many experimental contexts, but no parallel bias-reducing measures are generally expected in ordinary epistemic activity. To expect such would, in fact, be over-demanding. I argue that this variation in epistemic requirements cannot be accounted for adequately via the usual standard-shifting accounts of knowledge, such as contextualism or subject-sensitive invariantism. Instead, it calls for a more pluralistic approach—it suggests that knowledge is simply not the only epistemic state worthy of philosophical attention.
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Annas, George J. "She’s Going to Die: The Tragedy of Angela Carder." In Standard Of Care. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195072471.003.0004.

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Abstract In his short story, “The Use of Force,” William Carlos Williams relates how a doctor (probably Williams himself) used extreme physical force to pry open the mouth of a recalcitrant child who, he suspected, had diphtheria that could only be diagnosed by viewing her throat. The little girl resists his coaxing, and when, with her fathers help, the doctor finally manages to jam the wooden tongue depressor between her teeth, the child opens her mouth just enough to crunch down on the blade to “reduce it to splinters.” The doctor becomes furious with the child, whose mouth is now bleeding and who is “screaming in wild hysterical shrieks.”
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Moon, Beverly. "Aphrodite, Ancestor of king." In Goddesses Who Rule. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195121308.003.0002.

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Abstract In ancient Greek art and literature the goddess Aphrodite is praised for her beauty and her power to awaken love. As the standard of feminine comeliness, many a beautiful woman was compared to her, Helen’s daughter, for example, the “rose-lipped Hermione, a girl like the palegold goddess Aphrodite” (Odyssey 4.14-15). Yet Aphrodite’s ability to awaken desire did not depend on beauty alone. She possessed a magical amulet covered with potent symbols that made the bearer irresistible: “the passion of sex is there; and the whispered endearment that steals the heart away, even from the thoughtful” (Iliad 14.216-217).
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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "WHO standard"

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Enger, Thomas E. "Who Says I Can’T Blast This Way! Regulations & Standards Affecting Safe Abrasive Blasting." In Paint and Coatings Expo (PACE) 2008. SSPC, 2008. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2008-00019.

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Employers understand the protection of their workforce and the general public is one of the most important ingredients to a successful business, the complexity of providing this safe and environmentally sound work environment becomes mind-boggling. Since 1970 the primary reference in determining the minimum safety and environmental standards in the workplace has been the Occupational Safety &amp; and Health Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency mandated by Title 29 and 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations. These regulations incorporate thousands of standards from hundreds of agencies and organizations. The purpose of this article is to attempt to provide the reader a basic understanding of the minimum standard in providing a safe work environment for their employees and the general public when using open-air Abrasive Blasting equipment.
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Eden, D. A., and G. P. Quirk. "Reference Electrodes in Plant Corrosion Monitoring-Who Needs Them?" In CORROSION 2001. NACE International, 2001. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2001-01303.

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Abstract Laboratory corrosion studies can utilize standard reference electrodes to good effect. However, the “real-life” plant, corrosion monitoring, situation often involves process conditions where reference electrodes are impractical or difficult to use satisfactorily. Electrochemical techniques can use either two- or three- identical “working” electrode arrangements, enabling simultaneous monitoring of current and potential at the free corrosion potential. Benefits and experiences of corrosion measurement without reference electrodes are reviewed.
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Vatne, Jeff, and Regina Verdolin. "Difficulties in the Use of NACE MR0175/ISO 15156." In CORROSION 2011. NACE International, 2011. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2011-11112.

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Abstract From 1975 to 2003, guidelines and latest industry practices to avoid sulfide stress cracking (SSC) in upstream H2S-containing services have been published in NACE Standard MR0175. Over those years, many changes have been made to the standard, culminating in its evolution to NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 seven years ago. However, there have been difficulties for Owner/Operators in the application of this latest standard, and for vendors in meeting its requirements. As a result, there are those who are choosing to invoke NACE MR0175-20021, instead. This paper will discuss some of the reasons why this is so, including the effects of changes in the sour service definitions. Examples of exceptions taken will be examined. And cost issues involved in meeting MR0175/ISO 15156 will be presented.
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Bauman, Tim. "Why Hire an Independent, Third-party Inspector on High Performance Coatings Projects?" In CONFERENCE 2022. AMPP, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2022-18101.

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Abstract If you are an experienced coatings individual this presentation might bore you. I am just giving you fair warning because this presentation is geared to those of you who are NOT knowledgeable in this industry. By that I mean owners, engineers, or architect and people who have no real coatings experience. Hiring an independent 3rd party coatings inspector should be written into the coating specifications of all high-performance coatings’ projects because of the complexity inherent in this industry; particularly in the complexity in the standards which govern a project’s successful completion. I will focus on actual projects I have been involved in as I proceed to give those of you who are NOT deeply involved in the coatings industry an idea of the complexity of these standards industry. How complex? First of all, both NACE &amp; SSPC EACH HAVE CERTIFICATION PROGRAMS! The NACE International Institute Contractor Accreditation Program (NIICAP) is an industry managed accreditation program that validates a contractor’s quality assurance program, support practices, and production processes. SSPC established the Coating Application Specialist (CAS) Certification Program for industrial painters in 2008, at present there are 8 standards for applicators. It includes QP1 FIELD APPLICATION TO COMPLEX INDUSTRIAL AND MARINE STRUCTURES, QP2 FIELD REMOVAL OF HAZARDOUS COATINGS and QP3 SHOP PAINTING ACCREDITATION PROGRAM. I have more than a few examples to emphasize how complex these NACE/SSPC Standard really are and in this presentation, they take shape from real life scenarios.
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Melhuish, Darren, John Wegand, and Michael Evans. "Coefficient of Friction, the Development of a Standard Portable Device for the US Naval Fleet." In SSPC 2007. SSPC, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2007-00061.

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Abstract Operational and maintenance requirements have required improved decking systems, particularly non-skid, to be incorporated within the US Navy. For those who have experienced rough seas and foul weather, the importance of good non-skid (or slip resistant) deck coverings on weather decks becomes very apparent. But what defines “good” may be easier to qualify rather than quantify. This is directly related to the methodologies employed to evaluate slip resistance of these surfaces and other deck systems. Numerous devices exist to measure the coefficient of friction (COF) for flooring, roads, runways, and deck surfaces. As non-skid systems have evolved, the device to evaluate the frictional characteristics within the technical specifications changed to meet testing requirements within the Navy. The proceeding addresses the problems encountered leading to the development of a compact, portable fieldable COF testing system. The parameters/procedures, used to evaluate non-skid deck coatings to verify their suitability for service or their need for replacement, are also reviewed; this review is not limited to the safety impacts of COF but also the operational readiness impacts on the Fleet.
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DeVilbiss, Jerome L. "A Web-Based FRP Equipment Specifications Generation Tool." In CORROSION 2000. NACE International, 2000. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2000-00554.

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Abstract This new website allows a specifying engineer anywhere in the world to enter information for FRP equipment, and then, with the stroke of a key, generate and retrieve a complete set of FRP equipment specifications in industry-standard CSI format. This information includes project information, equipment information, process chemistry data, standards information, other special requirements, etc. Bid documents may also be created. The specifications and documents are delivered via email in rich text format (.rtf) which enables the user to make any final changes. This website enables engineers who are new to FRP technology to create good FRP equipment specifications. It enables FRP fabricators to bid projects better by providing clarity in what is required by the buyer. And, it helps the purchasing agent evaluate competitive bids by allowing an “apples-to-apples” comparison of bids. All of these benefits serve to improve the quality of FRP equipment and advance FRP technology.
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Schniedermann, Alexander. "Who writes what? The academic age patterns of review genres in biomedicine." In 27th International Conference on Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators (STI 2023). International Conference on Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55835/6441b6d076bb0bb2c9ff4c15.

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The recent rise in attempts to standardize biomedical review articles promises to counteract some of the unintended consequences of today's evaluative culture in academia. Insights about the users and early adopters of standardizations can be valuable in steering attempts for further dissemination and implementation of standards. This study uses bibliometric data to track and characterize the users of the PRISMA reporting standard for systematic reviews in terms of their academic age. It shows how especially early career researchers are prominent users of PRISMA and are among the first users of its most recent versions. It argues that the integration of guidelines into educational frameworks can leverage the dissemination of standards, especially if those only slowly become mandatory publishing requirements.
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Atar, Funda, Fatma Ozkan Sipahioglu, Filiz Karaca Akaslan, Eda Macit Aydin, Evginar Sezer, and Derya Ozkan. "EP154 Rebound pain incidence and related factors in patients who received standard multimodal analgesia protocol." In ESRA Abstracts, 41st Annual ESRA Congress, 4–7th September 2024. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2024-esra.227.

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Jirovský, Václav. "Human vs. Automation - Who Drives the Future?" In FISITA World Congress 2021. FISITA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/f2020-acm-044.

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Human species is currently standing on a junction, where it shall decide how it will further develop new technologies. Within the rapid technological evolution during last hundred years, human was designing technology to support him in many challenges - to lift heavier things, to reach further distances, to heal more people. With introduction of IT technologies, numerous visionary high-tech solutions entered homes. High capacity modern communication technologies allow human not only to share large amount of data, but also not to share any information - people share bytes, but according to social scientists they don't share valuable information as they did in past. While i.e. standard for road vehicle brakes had 8 pages in 1970s, current print has more than 80, but does not contain 10 times more information. Human has silently entered an era, where technology is often created for technology, not for human. In today's daily life, it is much more difficult to find valid and valuable information in data smog. Similar applies to road transportation - a socio-technological system, whose control is widely decentralized. We are searching for solutions to enhance transport safety and to increase infrastructure throughput in new technologies, while we forget that transport is not the source of the problem, but the consequence of human's need to move. Thus, the solution is not on a technological level, but on a system organization level. One of the highly promoted technological solution is autonomous driving. However, if we study the literature we cannot find anything explaining the automation as the only right way and as an achievable solution to road transport problems. No in-depth interdisciplinary study exist about the influence of autonomous road transportation on the society. The numbers showing positive expectations have more economical and marketing background, rather than technological or social. Every new product or prototype is being promoted with standard marketing approach. MIT's social study on management in technological companies points out incompetent decision making on high levels of management primarily due to complexity of modern technological systems, which cannot be understood neither by one CEO, nor by number of narrow oriented specialists. Still, the evolution of autonomous systems in the past decade is at least interesting. We are already attacking physical limits of sensors. New algorithms have to pursue the chase for low energy demands. Yet, the human brain needs just about 25 Watts at full load, while it is able to perform highly complex and accurate probabilistic estimations. When driving a road vehicle, average driver does a mistake emerging into an accident once in ca. 270 000 km. This leads to an average driver's reliability of 99,99996% on a driven distance. According to several accident researches, majority of accidents is caused by minority of drivers. The proposed article is aiming to discuss the achievable safety benefits of autonomous driving in comparison with human driver and with changes on system level, thus pointing out the main pillars of comprehensive autonomous road transport study.
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Darin, Ticianne, Rossana Andrade, and Jaime Sánchez. "SLUP: A Standard List of Usability Problems in Multimodal Video Games designed for People Who Are Blind." In XVII Simpósio Brasileiro de Fatores Humanos em Sistemas Computacionais. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação (SBC), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/ihc.2018.4231.

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This paper summarizes the proposal and validation of the Standard List of Usability Problems (SLUP), a categorized list of typical problems affecting the interaction of people who are blind with audio- and haptic-based multimodal video games. SLUP can help designers to avoid recurrent usability issues in the design of multimodal games for users who are blind. Besides, evidence decurrent from user tests showed that SLUP may be further expanded and used as a ground to develop specific usability evaluation instruments.
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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "WHO standard"

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Abrigo, Michael, Edmar Lingatong, and Charlotte Marjorie Relos. School Bullying Contributes to Lower PISA Achievement among Filipino Students: Who Gets Bullied? Why Does It Matter? Philippine Institute for Development Studies, 2024. https://doi.org/10.62986/dp2024.45.

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The Philippines has one of the highest school bullying rates in the world. While its nature, causes, and impacts are well-documented in the international literature, local evidence remains limited and at times conflicting. This study assesses the contribution of bullying exposure to student achievement in a large-scale international student assessment and infers its potential long-term implications. Differences in bullying exposure explain around 0.05 standard deviations of the gap in average student achievement between proficient and nonproficient students, which could potentially cost the Philippines around PHP 10–20 billion annually in foregone economic activity. Important risk factors for being the “most bullied” around the world are also documented, along with highlighting spatial disparities in bullying risks.
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Bruce, Bill, Bill Amend, Geoff Rogers, and Yong-Yi Wang. PR-186-124502-R01 Guidelines for Interpretation and Application of API 1104 Twenty-First Edition. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010563.

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The application of requirements contained in many industry codes and standards requires some interpretation by the user and by the regulator who is called upon to enforce their use. The objective of this project was to update the PRCI guidance document for API Standard 1104 - Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities - for the recently published Twenty-first Edition of the standard and to further develop the document. The use of this document will allow users and regulators to better understand the intent regarding interpretation of some requirements in API 1104, the rationale behind the requirements, and the applicability of the requirements to both conventional and modern high-strength pipelines.
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Constatine, Aloyce, Zita Ekeocha, Stephen Robert Byrn, and Kari L. Clase. Quality of Sample Testing in the Laboratory Unit: Current Situation and Strategies for Improvement. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317446.

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The purpose of this study was to understand the status quo of quality sample testing in the laboratory unit. A quantitative research method was used. An extensive laboratory documents (protocol, worksheets, laboratory analytical plan, standard operating procedures and manuals) review was performed and a networking approach to both management and lab staff at all levels was reviewed in order to identify all non-conformities occurred in the past three years. Results identified 36 number of results deviated from reference standards among different test performed, 400 number of samples lost, the number of laboratory personnel who were not sufficiently trained to take the task properly decreased from 16 in 2016 to 6 in 2018 after conducting training on laboratory quality management system, 36 controlled documents including sample management standard operating procedure, bench job aids were missing and 8 customer complains about the delay of results and quality laboratory of services have been identified.
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Bruce, Amend, and Wang. L52306 Guidelines for Interpretation and Application of API 1104. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010007.

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The application of requirements contained in many industry codes and standards requires some interpretation by the user and by the regulator who is called upon to enforce their use. There are often differences in the way requirements are interpreted because of unclear rationale behind the requirements or novel or non-traditional applications. Some industry codes and standards contain guidance in the form of commentary sections or companion documents. This is not the case for API Standard 1104 - Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities, where requests for interpretation are common because of unclear requirements or an absence of information pertaining to rationale. Since API 1104 is written in the form of a specification, it cannot present background information or discuss the intent of the API 1104 committee. The result of this project was the development of interpretation and guidance material for API 1104.
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Dvorianyn, Paraskoviya. UNDERSTANDING THE STANDARD: SEARCHING FOR NEW RULES IN WAR JOURNALISM. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2024.54-55.12146.

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Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine has changed the media landscape not only in Ukraine but also around the world. The established standards that journalists have been using in their work for a long time need to be revised and adapted to the new conditions. The article analyzes the challenges that Ukrainian journalists have to overcome in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war. A comparative analysis of standards and rules for covering events in peacetime and wartime is presented. The essence of the new terms for standards that have been used in Ukraine during the full-scale war is revealed. The author emphasizes the ability of Ukrainian journalists to adhere to ethics and morality, to experience and comprehend the new reality, and to form new rules of journalistic creativity. Different opinions and positions of journalists who cover military events in Ukraine on a daily basis are collected. The article analyzes the experience of Ukrainian and foreign journalists in acting, understanding and forming content within the standards of journalistic creativity, and the development of new rules by the journalistic community and state institutions, taking into account the challenges faced by Ukrainian journalism during the Russian-Ukrainian war. The author theoretically substantiates the standards and their features; highlights the basic principles of preparation of materials taking into account traditional standards; substantiates the need to improve the rules, expand their understanding and formulation, taking into account the latest challenges. Key words: standards of journalistic creativity; media ethics; military journalism, balance of opinion, reliability of sources, media analytics, commentary, efficiency, accuracy.
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Timmons, Shane, Ylva Andersson, Maria Lee, and Pete Lunn. What is preventing individual climate action? Impact awareness and perceived difficulties in changing transport and food behaviour. ESRI, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/rs186.

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Mitigating climate change requires large and, by historical standards, rapid changes to policy, business processes and individual behaviour. This report examines awareness of and perceived difficulty with individual behaviour change with respect to two actions associated with high levels of emissions: transport and food choice. A nationally representative sample of 1,200 adults completed an online study about everyday transport and food behaviour, run in September 2023. After completing a diary task about the previous day, participants identified the parts of their day that mattered most for their carbon footprint. Answers were elicited via incentivised, open text questions to prevent pre-set options biasing responses. Participants also answered standard survey questions about their use of various modes of transport in a typical week and their consumption of various foods. Participants who reported wanting to change their transport behaviour and diet ‘to reduce their carbon footprint’ (47 per cent and 42 per cent, respectively) listed reasons why it is difficult for them to do so, again via open text questions.
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Leaver, Clare, Owen Ozier, Pieter Serneels, and Andrew Zeitlin. Recruitment, Effort, and Retention Effects of Performance Contracts for Civil Servants: Experimental Evidence from Rwandan Primary Schools. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2020/048.

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This paper reports on a two-tiered experiment designed to separately identify the selection and effort margins of pay-for-performance (P4P). At the recruitment stage, teacher labor markets were randomly assigned to a pay-for-percentile or fixed-wage contract. Once recruits were placed, an unexpected, incentive-compatible, school-level re-randomization was performed, so that some teachers who applied for a fixed-wage contract ended up being paid by P4P, and vice versa. By the second year of the study, the within-year effort effect of P4P was 0.16 standard deviations of pupil learning, with the total effect rising to 0.20 standard deviations after allowing for selection.
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Berkhout, Emilie, Goldy Dharmawan, Amanda Beatty, Daniel Suryadarma, and Menno Pradhan. Who Benefits and Loses from Large Changes to Student Composition? Assessing Impacts of Lowering School Admissions Standards in Indonesia. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-risewp_2022/094.

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We study the effects of an admission policy change that caused a massive shift in student composition in public and private junior secondary schools in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. In 2018, the primary criterion for admission into Yogyakarta’s 16 preferred, free public schools (grades 7-9) changed from a grade 6 exam score ranking to a neighborhood-to-school distance ranking. This policy change resulted in a decline in average grade 6 scores in public schools by 0.4 standard deviations (s.d.) and a 0.4 s.d. increase in private schools. We assessed learning impacts caused by the changed student composition by comparing two otherwise similar cohorts of students admitted before and after the policy change. Average grade 8 test scores across math and Indonesian declined by 0.08 s.d. (not significant). To understand which students throughout the education system gained and lost in terms of learning, we simulated public school access under the 2018 policy and its predecessor for both cohorts. In public schools, teachers attempted to adapt lessons to lower-scoring students by changing teaching approaches and tracking students. These responses and/or exposure to different peers negatively affected learning for students predicted to have access to public schools under both policies (-0.13 s.d., significant at the 10 percent level) and aided students with predicted public school access under the new policy slightly (0.12 s.d., not significant). These results are in contrast to existing literature which finds little or no impact from shifts in student composition on incumbent students’ learning. In private schools, we found no such adaptations and no effects on predicted incumbent students. However, students predicted to enter private schools under the new policy saw large negative effects (-0.24 s.d., significant), due to lower school quality and/or peer effects. Our results demonstrate that effects from high-performing, selective schools can be highly heterogenous and influenced by student composition.
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Berkhout, Emilie, Goldy Dharmawan, Amanda Beatty, Daniel Suryadarma, and Menno Pradhan. Who Benefits and Loses from Large Changes to Student Composition? Assessing Impacts of Lowering School Admissions Standards in Indonesia. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-risewp_2022/094.

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We study the effects of an admission policy change that caused a massive shift in student composition in public and private junior secondary schools in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. In 2018, the primary criterion for admission into Yogyakarta’s 16 preferred, free public schools (grades 7-9) changed from a grade 6 exam score ranking to a neighborhood-to-school distance ranking. This policy change resulted in a decline in average grade 6 scores in public schools by 0.4 standard deviations (s.d.) and a 0.4 s.d. increase in private schools. We assessed learning impacts caused by the changed student composition by comparing two otherwise similar cohorts of students admitted before and after the policy change. Average grade 8 test scores across math and Indonesian declined by 0.08 s.d. (not significant). To understand which students throughout the education system gained and lost in terms of learning, we simulated public school access under the 2018 policy and its predecessor for both cohorts. In public schools, teachers attempted to adapt lessons to lower-scoring students by changing teaching approaches and tracking students. These responses and/or exposure to different peers negatively affected learning for students predicted to have access to public schools under both policies (-0.13 s.d., significant at the 10 percent level) and aided students with predicted public school access under the new policy slightly (0.12 s.d., not significant). These results are in contrast to existing literature which finds little or no impact from shifts in student composition on incumbent students’ learning. In private schools, we found no such adaptations and no effects on predicted incumbent students. However, students predicted to enter private schools under the new policy saw large negative effects (-0.24 s.d., significant), due to lower school quality and/or peer effects. Our results demonstrate that effects from high-performing, selective schools can be highly heterogenous and influenced by student composition.
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Burniaux, Jean-Marc, and Truong Truong. GTAP-E: An Energy-Environmental Version of the GTAP Model. GTAP Technical Paper, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.tp16.

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Energy is an important commodity in many economic activities. Its usage affects the environment via CO2 emissions and the Greenhouse Effect. Modeling the energy-economy-environment-trade linkages is an important objective in applied economic policy analysis. Previously, however, the modeling of these linkages in GTAP has been incomplete. This is because energy substitution, a key factor in this chain of linkages, is absent from the standard model specification. This technical paper remedies this deficiency by incorporating energy substitution into the standard GTAP model. It begins by first reviewing some of the existing approaches to this problem in contemporary CGE models. It then suggests an approach for GTAP which incorporates some of these desirable features of energy substitution. The approach is implemented as an extended version of the GTAP model called GTAP-E, which includes the standard GTAP model as a special case. In addition, GTAP-E incorporates carbon emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels and this revised version of GTAP-E provides for a mechanism to trade these emissions internationally. The resulting behavior of agents in the model is analyzed using general equilibrium demand elasticities which summarize the combined effect of the new model specification. Implications for policy analysis are demonstrated via a simple simulation experiment in which global carbon emissions are reduced via a carbon tax. Results show that incorporating energy substitution into GTAP is essential for conducting analysis of this problem. The policy relevance of GTAP-E in the context of the existing debate about climate change is illustrated by some simulations of the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol. It is hoped that the proposed model will be used by individuals in the GTAP network who may not be themselves energy modelers, but who require a better representation of the energy-economy linkages than is currently offered in the standard GTAP model.
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