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Sloneker, G. Mark. "Burris Butler the man who helped save Standard Publishing Company /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1992. http://www.tren.com.
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Abrahamsson, Evonne, and Maria Andersson. ""Unga män som bryter mönstret" : "Young Men who Break the Standard"." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-3479.
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<p>Studien handlar om projektet Sharafs hjältar, som syftar till att förändra – attityderna hos unga män med rötter i hederskulturen. En kvalitativ metod har använts, där fyra intervjuer av män som arbetar inom organisationen genomförts. Syftet med studien är att få ökad förståelse för hur arbetet mot hedersrelaterat våld kan se ut. Fokus ligger på männens egen syn och egna erfarenheter av hederskulturen, samt deras arbete inom Sharafs hjältar. Våra frågeställningar är; Vad är Sharafs hjältar och vad är syftet och målet med projektet? Vilka metoder används i arbetet? Vilka problem och hinder uppstår under arbetet i projektet och vilket resultat har projektet givit hittills? Vad består en hederskultur av, och vilka problem orsakar den? Vilken roll har unga män i hederskulturen? Hur kan de arbeta för att förändra den?</p><p> </p><p>Resultatet visar att projektets syfte är att det ska vara en stödorganisation för att förebygga och förändra attityder, att fungera som en kunskapsbank för myndigheter i frågor gällande hedersrelaterat våld. Den huvudsakliga metoden i projektet är dialoggruppen, där arbetet startar ”underifrån” genom den unga generationens män. Resultatet som projektet har visat är att när dialogen kommer in i familjen, startar en tankeprocess, vilken leder till förändringar gällande rådande attityder. Problem som förekommer med arbetet handlar om brister i myndigheternas samarbete, samt att myndigheters kunskaper kring hedersproblematiken är bristfällig.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Nyckelord;</strong> Heder, Unga mäns roller, Sharafs hjältar, Hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck, Socialisation, Familjestruktur.</p><br><p>This study is about the project Sharaf’s heroes, which aims to change - the attitudes of young men with roots in honour culture. A qualitative method has been used, with four interviews with men who work within the organization. The aim of the study has been to increase the understanding of how work against honour related violence and oppressions can be dealt with, in order to decrease it. The focus in this study lies on the young men's own view on and experiences of honour culture and their work with the project Sharaf’s heroes. Our issues are as follows: What are Sharaf’s heroes and what is the purpose<strong> </strong>of the project? Which methods are used in their work? Which problems and obstacles will it be with the work in the project and which result has the project given so far? What does an honour culture consist of and what kinds of problems does it cause?<strong> </strong>Which role has young men<strong> </strong>living<strong> </strong>in honour culture and how can they work in order to change it?</p><p> </p><p>Our result shows that the project’s purpose of the project is that it will work as an aid organization in order to prevent and to change attitudes. Additionally, it will function as a knowledge bank for different authorities when it comes to honour related violence. The main method in the project is the dialogue group, where the work starts from underneath through the young generation's men. The result that the project has given so far shows that when the dialogue between children and parents start, a process begins which leads to change the current prevailing attitudes. The problems with the work in the project are above all that there is a lack of cooperation within the authorities, and that authority’s knowledge about honour related problems is inadequate.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords; </strong>Honour, Young men’s role, Sharaf’s heroes, Honour related violence and oppression, Socialization, Familystructure.</p><p> </p>
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Ryu, Jae-in. "Differences in estimates of dental treatment needs and workforce requirements between the standard normative need (WHO model) and sociodental approach to assessing dental need." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445035/.
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Background. Most dental planners use the normative approach for dental workforce planning. An alternative, the sociodental approach of need assessments has been developed to assess dental needs. Studies indicate large differences in needs assessed using the two methods.;Objectives. To assess and compare dental needs and manpower required for dental care of a sample of adult Koreans aged 30 to 64 years using the normative and the sociodental need approaches for three dental treatments restorative, prosthetic and periodontal treatments.;Methods. Assessments of dental needs and time required to treat using two approaches were based on analysis of data obtained from a sub-sample of 1029 30-64 year-old-adults from the 2003 Korean National Oral Health Survey. They were clinically examined for normative needs and interviewed using an Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) measure and their oral health related behaviours to assess propensity. Two needs methods were generated: 1. Normative Need (NN) defined by dental professionals 2. Socio-Dental Approach (SDA) that includes Impact-Related Needs (IRN) using an OHRQoL measure, OIDP, and Propensity-Related Needs (PRN). Amount of dental needs, time to treat, and numbers of dentists needed per 100,000 people were estimated for restorative, prosthetic, and periodontal treatments using NN, IRN and PRN.;Results. Significant differences of about 72% existed between estimates of need for prosthetic treatment using NN and IRN. In workforce estimates, the differences in dentists required to treat 100,000 people were 87.1 dentists would be needed using NN compared to 22.8 dentists for IRN and 18.9 for PRN for prosthetic treatment 22.5 dentists using NN compared to 15.9 or 2.7 using PRN for periodontal treatment and 8.8 dentists using NN compared to 6.6 for PRN for restorative treatment.;Conclusions. The socio-dental approach for assessing dental needs found lower levels of treatment need than the normative approach. The socio-dental approach should be applied to dental workforce planning.
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Leijon, Sofi. "Content and Language Integrated Learning in Sweden : A report of the experiences of teachers who teach in an International Baccalaureate program and a standard program." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-60166.
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This essay has been carried out with the purpose of investigating the differences between teaching in a CLIL program and in a standard program. The results of this research are based on the perceptions of five teachers working in both programs. These teachers participated in a semi-structured group interview where they were asked questions and were given the opportunity to develop the discussions among themselves. The results have shown that there are fewer differences between these two programs than I originally thought, but the differences that do exist were unexpected. All of the teachers who participated in the study had taught English before they started to work in the IB, but are not trained CLIL teachers. Since there were only five participants and these participants are not trained CLIL teachers, this investigation does not show a general result, but instead gives the picture of how working with CLIL and a standard program simultaneously could work.
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Tough, Susan. "Validation of two standard risk assessments (RRASOR, 1997; STATIC-99, 1999) on a sample of adult males who are developmentally disabled with significant cognitive deficits." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58817.pdf.
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Fischer, Uli [Verfasser], and Eva [Akademischer Betreuer] Grill. "Der Einfluss von Gelenkkontrakturen auf die Funktionsfähigkeit und die soziale Teilhabe von älteren Menschen : Entwicklung eines Standard Sets auf Basis der Internationalen Klassifikation für Funktionsfähigkeit, Behinderung und Gesundheit (ICF) der WHO / Uli Fischer. Betreuer: Eva Grill." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1070464775/34.
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Miller, Brooke Leigh. "Who decides what is smut? : local community standards and obscenity regulations /." Connect to resource, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1242850658.
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Niño, Machado Natalia. "Growing right : unpacking the WHO Child Growth Standards Development and their implementation in Colombia." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33267.
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Child growth reference charts have been used since the 1960s to assess children´s growth - enabling comparison of different population groups and the implementation of nutritional surveillance. In 2006, an important critical juncture occurred in the history of anthropometry and nutritional assessment, when the WHO released new growth charts for international comparison after promoting, since 1975, the use of the charts developed by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and US National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). According to the WHO, these charts indicate how children should grow for the best health outcome in contrast to the NCHS/CDC charts that indicated how the average child grows. This shift from a descriptive to a prescriptive -and rather normative - approach allowed the WHO to state that all children in the world have the potential to grow and develop to within the same range of height and weight, thus implying that all children should develop in specific standardised ways, regardless of ethnicity, socioeconomic status and type of feeding. By 2011, approximately 125 countries had adopted the WHO charts for individual growth monitoring as well as the means of producing statistics for under- and over-nutrition, which would be used to assess and monitor a population's health status. This shift between charts has direct implications for how children's growth is measured and how malnutrition is assessed. The adoption of the WHO charts has immediate consequences for the calculation of underweight, overweight, stunting, and wasting prevalence. In this sense, the adoption of the new charts considerably changes the estimates to predict nutrition-related emergencies, the assessment of appropriate weaning practices, and the screening and monitoring of populations at risk or with growth deficiencies or excesses. In my doctoral research, I use Colombia as a case study to unpack how a standard developed by an international organisation is negotiated, adopted and constantly transformed once it is scaled down to a specific country. Using the theoretical approach to standards by authors such as Star, Bowker, Timmermans, Berg, and Epstein, in this dissertation I show how, far from being 'stable' and 'value-free' (as the World Bank would describe them), growth charts are political tools of measurement, charged with specific values regarding children's bodies. Given that Colombia had previously used the NCHS charts, this research explores how the WHO charts have been adopted within individual growth monitoring programmes in Colombia. I also describe how the change in charts has destabilised the production of under and over-nutrition indicators by national bodies, such as the Ministry of Health and the Instituto Nacional de Salud. My data includes twenty-eight interviews with policy makers, experts and civil servants who actively participated in the process of adopting and adapting the standards in Colombia at the national level; seventeen interviews with nurses and doctors; observation of 158 anthropometric assessments of children under five years old within six health facilities in the Caribbean region that were implementing a growth monitoring programme. By exploring how the WHO charts are interpreted and used in practice, this research contributes to the study of standards and standardisation as a field of study in its own right.
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Jeannot, Lovemine. "Use of National and International Standards in Assessing the Growth and Nutritional Status of Rural Indian Children." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/317259.
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Public Health<br>M.S.<br>This study compares anthropometry of rural Indian schoolchildren using national and international reference values, and explores association between demographic and socioeconomic variables and growth measures among rural children. A cross-sectional survey of height, weight, and BMI was conducted among schoolchildren (5-16 years) in Gujarat, where there were pre-established contacts who could facilitate access to schools and data collection for this study. Gender- and age-specific Z-scores were obtained for 519 children (234 girls, 285 boys) based on Indian reference values (Khadilkar et al., 2009) using an Excel® macro. Percentages of children stunted (height-for-age less than or equal to -2SD), underweight (weight-for-age less than or equal to -2SD), and wasted (BMI-for-age less than or equal to -2SD) were obtained (Khadilkar & Khadilkar, 2011). Children falling between adult Indian BMI levels 23 and 28 kg/m2 were considered overweight, and those above 28 kg/m2 were considered obese. Those stunted (height-for-age + 1SD), and obese (BMI > +2SD) were generated similarly using the WHO International Growth Standards (WHO, 2015). Regression analyses were conducted to model the relationship between growth measures, determined using national references, and predictor variables: age, gender, school, and caste. 21%, 23.1%, 8.9%, 2.7% and 0.2% of children were respectively stunted, underweight, wasted, overweight and obese based on Indian References and recommendations, and 27 %, 8.7%, 6.4% and 2.7 % respectively stunted, wasted, overweight and obese based on WHO Standards and recommendations. School was found to have significant interaction with all growth measures (P <.0001) and age had a significant interaction with height-for-age (P = 0.05). The current level of undernutrition, and emerging problems of overnutrition, in this study highlight a need to concentrate efforts to improve nutrition of Indian schoolchildren in rural areas.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Uhle, Thomas S. "Principals who exceed district standards improving outcomes for students with emotional and behavioral disabilities." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5079.
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A phenomenological study was conducted to investigate the experiences of school principals, who exceeded district standards on standardized performance evaluations, in providing effective educational programs for students with emotional and behavioral disabilities (EBD) in an urban setting. The aim of this study was to identify common experiences, practices, or attitudes regarding students with EBD, and their teachers, among school principals who qualified for the study. Data was be collected through principal interviews. Data results were coded, organized, and analyzed using a systematic method of phenomenological analysis to find general themes that speak to the essence of the experience.<br>ID: 030423383; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ed.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 238-246).<br>Ed.D.<br>Doctorate<br>Education
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Lüdtke, Susann [Verfasser]. "The Secret of Lobbying in China : Who Influences Building Energy Efficiency Standards? / Susann Lüdtke." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1212393503/34.
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Alotaibi, Mansour Qazan. "Wh-questions in modern standard Arabic : minimalist and HPSG approaches." Thesis, University of Essex, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.681228.
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Kokajeva, Ingrid. "Influence of Transparency Implications of Russia's WTO Accession /." St. Gallen, 2007. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/00424986001/$FILE/00424986001.pdf.
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Smeal, Mary Alice Strutchens Marilyn E. "Exploring beliefs and practices of teachers of secondary mathematics who participated in a standards-based pre-service education program." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1442.
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Boyd, Suzanne Elizabeth. "The psychometric properties of the Irish Management Standards Indicator Tool and its associations with the WHO-Five Well-being Index." Thesis, Ulster University, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.674969.
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The primary purpose of this thesis was to psychometrically evaluate the Irish version (English language) of the UK Health and Safety Executive's Management Standards Indicator Tool (ROI-MSITL a self-report survey instrument that assesses perceptions of stressors in the workplace. To that end, the thesis undertook a thorough examination of the ROI-MSIT's scales and items to appraise its criterion-related validity, construct validity, factor structure, reliability, and measurement invariance across gender. Associations between the ROI-MSIT and the WHO-Five Well-being Index (WHO-5) were also investigated in order to explore the salutogenic potential of the Management Standards' risk model, the secondary purpose of this thesis. The aim of Study I was to provide a preliminary investigation of the psychometric properties of the ROI-M5IT. In particular, the study examined the factor structure, internal consistency, and convergent validity (with the WHO-5) of the ROI-MSIT in order to determine its suitability for use in Ireland. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that the factor structure of the ROI-MSIT is practically identical to that of the Italian MSIT, consisting of six factors; the Demands, Control, Peer Support, Relationships, and Role factors were equiva lent to the original UK factors. As with the Italian version, the principal factor was a merger of the Manager Support and Change domains. Reliability analysis of the subscales revealed Cronbach's alpha scores ranging from .80 to .91. Finally, the ROI-MSIT's (six) subscales and WHO-5 were found to be positively correlated (r = .36-44, P <.001), while logistic regression analyses showed that increased scores on the individual items and subscales were associated with a decreased likelihood of being classified in the poor well-being category of the WHO-5 (score <13). Study II used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to assess competing measurement models of the ROIMSIT, including the seven-factor structure of the UK Indicator Tool. The construct reliability and internal consistency of the ROI-MSIT were also assessed, as were its convergent and discriminant validity. The seven-factor measurement model of the UK-MSIT provided the best fit to the data compared with a six-factor and one-factor measurement model. A second-order measurement model also proved to be of adequate fit. The construct reliability (CR) and internal consistency were excellent, as each factor achieved a CR and alpha score of .79 or more. The convergent and discriminant validity results were, on the other hand, disappointing, as several subscales failed to meet the minimum values necessary for demonstrating validity. The primary aim of Study III was to test the measurement invariance (MI) of the ROI-MSIT across gender. The seven-factor measurement model and items of the ROI-MSIT were tested for MI; multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) was used to test the model, while tests of differential item functioning (DIF) were applied to each item through ordinal logistic regression. The results of these analyses indicated that the ROI-MSIT is fully invariant across gender. The primary aim of Study IV was to investigate associations between scores on the ROI-MSIT and the likelihood of being categorised in the 'good wel l-being' category of the WHO-5 (total score >12). Correlation analysis revealed positive, moderate associations between the (uni-dimensional) ROI-MSIT and the WHO-5 (r = .53, P <.001). In the logistic regression analyses, those in the top ROI-MSIT scoring category were 18.44 times (95% CI: 14.46-23.50) more likely to be classified in the good well-being category of the WHO-5 than those in the bottom scoring group. Similarly, ordinal logistic regression revealed that those in the top category were 21.18 times (95% CI: 17.74-25.28) more likely to be in the good well-being category and flourishing category (WHO-5 score >19). Strong results were also found for the ROI -MSIT's subscales. Although additional research is needed to determine the full salutogenic potential of the Management Standards' risk model, the initial findings of Study IV suggest that following the approach may help employees experience positive mental states rather than just the absence of psychological harm. Small sh ifts in mean scores on the Management Standards Indicator Tool could potentially move the working population towards mental flourishing. The general conclusions of the studies are that a) the ROI-MSIT bears a very close resemb lance to the UK version, b) the ROI-MSIT is a valid and reliable questionnaire, and c) the Management Standards initiative may help employees (and working populations) experience greater 'positive mental health.' Further research is needed to validate the findings of the thesis.
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Kentner, Melissa A. "Successful teachers of Spanish who commit to the teaching of cultures two qualitative case studies /." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1110209882.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 299 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 281-299). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Chikura, Cynthia Chipo. "On reconciling rules, markets and power : responding to private voluntary standards through safeguarding the rule of law in international food trade." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26587.
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The proliferation of private voluntary standards (private standards) in international food trade has precipitated a surge of inter-disciplinary discourse on the topic. Conceptual premises have been diverse, but a common thread through the discourse has been their practical impact on developing-country producers (particularly small to medium scale ones). The present paper contributes to legal analyses of private standards. It builds upon existing discourse on rules-based responses to private standards, from the conceptual premise of the rule of law. The perspective of the paper is that private standards are creating conditions wherein the rule of law in international food trade is being placed under strain. With that, the utility of the rules-based system of international food governance has begun to diminish. The viewpoint in this paper is that, from the perspective of the WTO, responses to private standards should be underlain by considerations of safeguarding the rule of law. Underscoring this is that a rule of law approach is the most ideal, in the long-term, for the WTO system and for low income Members themselves. The paper concludes that this will entail a necessarily multipronged strategy towards the challenges presented by private standards – one which incorporates rules-based responses, other interventions from within the WTO, and responses from outside of the WTO.<br>Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2012.<br>Centre for Human Rights<br>unrestricted
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Austin, Shaun. ""Why should I talk proper?" : critiquing the requirement for spoken standard English in English secondary schools." Thesis, University of York, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9362/.
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This thesis explores the relationship between identity and the linguistic style used by adolescent pupils during classroom presentations, with a focus on working-class pupils. It was prompted by the requirement in the education system for pupils to speak standard English, a requirement felt by some to be socially biased against working-class pupils who are more likely to have nonstandard speech features. Seventy-six pupils were withdrawn from their English classes (in friendship groups of three) to take part in the study. They were recorded making a series of one-minute presentations in two conditions: when playing a role and when speaking as themselves. They completed questionnaires designed to generate social profiles. Presentations were transcribed and phonetic, lexico-grammatical and para-linguistic variables (eg formal v informal) were marked. Correlations were sought between linguistic variables and a range of social factors: the two presentation conditions, social profiles, social class backgrounds and genders. These were explored in more depth using qualitative analysis methods. The results showed that identity had a strong impact on the linguistic choices pupils made: when working-class pupils were speaking as themselves they used more localised and informal linguistic variants; conversely, when they were playing a role they were able to adopt a wider range of linguistic features. I hypothesise that this is because when pupils are speaking as themselves they are under pressure to maintain an authentic identity and their linguistic style must be congruent with their background. Furthermore, pupils were found to signal the attitudes they held through their linguistic style. The findings contribute to our understanding of the impact of identity on linguistic style. They also suggest that the educational focus on the narrow issue of standardness misses important issues of identity construction which are more salient in showing how adolescents perceive themselves and are perceived by others.
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Brelier, Bertrand. "Étude de la production associée ZH/WH, H en photons avec le détecteur ATLAS." Thèse, Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10253.
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Le Modèle Standard de la physique des particules postule l'existence d'un champ doublet scalaire de Higgs, qui après brisure de symétrie électro-faible, donne lieu à la présence d'une particule scalaire neutre, le boson de Higgs. Les recherches directes par les expériences LEP imposent une masse de ce boson, s'il existe, supérieure à 114. 5 GeV. Les mesures électro-faibles de précision, quant à elles, contraignent la masse du boson de Higgs, dans le Modèle Standard, à être inférieure à 144 GeV (95 % C. L. ). Dans ce domaine de masse, la désintégration du boson de Higgs en deux photons est un des canaux les plus importants pour la recherche de ce boson dans le détecteur ATLAS. Ici, nous évaluons la possibilité d'étudier la production associée avec un boson Z ou W. Elle bénéficie d'un bon rapport signal sur bruit de fond et offre donc le potentiel d'être utilisé pour augmenter la signifiance statistique d'une possible découverte. Les processus de production associée permettront également la mesure des couplages du boson de Higgs aux bosons de l'interaction faible<br>In the Standard Model, a doublet scalar Higgs field is predicted leading to the presence of a neutral scalar particle, the Higgs boson. The LEP experiments have set a lower bound on the Higgs mass at 114. 5 GeV. The electroweak precision measurements, constrain indirectly the SM Higgs boson mass to be below 144 GeV at 95 % C. L. In this mass range, the Higgs boson decay into photons is one of the most important channels for the search of this boson at LHC in ATLAS experiment. Here, we evaluate the possibility to use the associated Higgs production with a Z or W boson. The signal over background ratio is better than the inclusive analysis. The associated Higgs production can be used to increase the statistical significance of the Higgs boson discovery. It can also be used to measure the Higgs couplings to the weak bosons
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Frank, Patricia J. "A case study of regional occupational program teachers who have integrated english-language arts standards into career and technical education courses /." La Verne, Calif. : University of La Verne, 2004. http://0-www.umi.com.garfield.ulv.edu/pqdweb?did=813767781&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=11819&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Dröge, Susanne. "Linkages between trade policy and environmental policy : options for the promotion of environmental standards on processes and production methods /." Norderstedt : Books on Demand, 2007. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/543331156.pdf.
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Goodney, Thomas L. "ASSESSING KNOWLEDGE, UNDERSTANDINGS, SKILLS, AND TRAITS: A DISCREPENCY ANALYSIS OF THOSE WHO PREPARE AND HIRE SECONDARY PRINCIPALS IN OHIO." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1186083130.
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Overall, Nickola. "Why do people try to change their intimate relationships? : the regulation function of ideal standards." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4772.
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The Ideal Standards Model (Simpson, Fletcher, & Campbell, 2001) proposes that individuals
evaluate and regulate their relationship and relationship partner depending on how closely
perceptions match ideal standards. Support has been reported for the evaluation function
(e.g., Fletcher, Simpson, Thomas, & Giles, 1999), but no research has tested the regulation
function. In Study 1, individuals (N=200) in relationships rated their self and partner: a)
actual perceptions, b) ideal standards, c) ideal-perception consistency, d) desire and attempts
to change both self and partner over the last 6 months, and e) perceived success of regulation
attempts. In Study 2, heterosexual couples (N=62) completed the same measures, and SEM
was used to test within and cross partner associations. The results supported all predictions,
and replicated across studies. First, higher self regulation was associated with lower self
ideal-perception consistency (but not partner ideal-consistency), whereas higher partner
regulation was associated with lower partner ideal-perception consistency (but not self ideal consistency).
Second, these relationships were moderated by success of regulation attempts.
Third, ideal-perception consistency mediated the relationship between partner regulation and
perceived relationship quality. Fourth, these effects replicated across three pivotal mate value
dimensions (Warmth/Trustworthiness, Attractiveness/Vitality, and Status/Resources), gender
and measurement strategy, and were not a function of judgment positivity. In Study 3, crosslagged
aI1alyses suggested that ideal-perception consistency and regulation influence each
other over time. Implications and explanations are discussed.
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Jehle, Philipp. "Harmonisierung im Welthandelsrecht durch Verweis auf internationale Standards eine Analyse anhand des SPS-Abkommens der WTO." Baden-Baden Nomos, 2007. http://d-nb.info/989549925/04.
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Lellouch, Jeremie. "Recherche du boson de Higgs standard dans le canal WH à l'expérience D0 auprès du Tevatron." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00330359.
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Le mécanisme de Higgs fournit au Modéle Standard une théorie de l'origine de la masse des bosons de jauge et des fermions élémentaires. Le boson de Higgs n'a pas encore été découvert, mais une limite inférieure à sa masse a été posée à 114,4 GeV à 95% de niveau de confiance par les collaborations Lep. La recherche du Higgs continue maintenant au Tevatron, un collisionneur proton - anti-proton d'énergie dans le centre de masse de 1,96TeV. À basse masse le canal le plus sensible est la production associée d'un Higgs avec un boson W. Une analyse a été conduite dans le canal de désintégration dans lequel le Higgs donne une paire bb et le W se désintègre en un muon et un neutrino sur 1 fb-1 de données du Run II enregistrées par le détecteur DØ. L'analyse s'appuie sur tous les sous-systèmes du détecteur, tout particulièrement sur le calorimètre qui est un élément essentiel pour la reconstruction du système bb. Une bonne trajectographie et un réseau de neurones d'identification des jets de b fournissent un étiquetage des b performant, ce qui est crucial pour cette analyse. La résolution en énergie des jets étant de première importance lorsqu'on recherche une résonance de deux jets, un travail d'amélioration de la calibration en énergie des jets qui présentent un muon et un neutrino dans leur chaîne de désintégration a également été conduit. L'analyse WH est effectuée sur des évènements à topologie de type W + 2 jets et W + 3 jets. Des évènements contenant un muon, de l'énergie transverse manquante et deux ou trois jets sont sélectionnés ; les jets sont ensuite étiquetés selon leur saveur. Les canaux simplement et doublement étiquetés sont analysés séparément afin d'obtenir une sensibilité plus importante. L'introduction d'une séparation signal / bruit de fond par réseau de neurones a également permis d'augmenter la sensibilité. Cette recherche d'un boson de Higgs standard a été effectuée pour une masse du Higgs s'étalant entre 100 et 150 GeV. Des limites supérieures sur la section efficace de production multipliée par le rapport d'embranchement sont calculées. Pour une masse du Higgs de 115 GeV, la limite supérieure est de 2,00 pb à 95% de niveau de confiance dans le canal WH to munubb et de 1,37 pb si l'on combine les canaux WH to munubb et WH to enubb, à comparer à la valeur théorique de 0,136 pb. Ces résultats ont été soumis pour publication et sont utilisés dans la combinaison globale des analyses de recherche du Higgs par les collaboration Cdf et DØ.
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Lellouch, Jérémie. "Recherche du boson de Higgs standart dans le canal WH à l'expérience DØ auprès du Tevatron." Paris 6, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00330359.
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Du, Ming. "Product standards in international trade : assessing the scope of domestic regulatory autonomy in the GATT/WTO system." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.547725.
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Asay, Danielle Patricia. "What, Why, and How Much?: The Integration of Culture in the Secondary Foreign Language Classroom." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6192.
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Culture is an integral part of the FL classroom, yet teachers often face difficulties when incorporating it into their curricula. This survey study gathered data from teachers of many different languages, including ASL, all at the secondary level in the state of Utah. The study attempts to describe how secondary FL teachers view the role of culture in language teaching. It also details which models, means, or methods teachers use to communicate culture to their students, as well as the amount of culture included in their lesson planning, instruction, and assessment. Factors that contribute to more culture inclusion in the secondary classroom are also discussed. Findings from this study support previous research in the field, but also reveal particular definitions, insights, and dilemmas. These ideas form a basis to suggest pedagogical implications and further research for an effective model of culture integration for the FL teaching profession.
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Geddis-Capel, Mandy L. "Who is the EYT? A narrative inquiry into a first year teacher's experiences of integrating a sophisticated thinking skills model in a standards based, kindergarten classroom." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1225202140.
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Geddis-Capel, Mandy. "Who is the EYT? a narrative inquiry into a first year teacher's experiences of integrating a sophisticated thinking skills model in a standards based, kindergarten classroom /." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1225202140.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Kent State University, 2008.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Dec. 14, 2009) Advisor: Dr. James Henderson. Keywords: mentoring, curriculum, first year teachers, reflective inquiry, narrative inquiry. Includes bibliographical references (p. 183-195)
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Sarrouf, Muriel. "Les normes privées relatives à la qualité des produits : étude d’un phénomène juridique transnational." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020053/document.
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Les normes privées intéressent le droit international à un double titre : se développant en marge du système interétatique classique, elles constituent l’un des visages d’une régulation privée transnationale émergente et soulèvent la question théorique de leur statut en droit international. Par ailleurs, leurs effets sur le commerce international (et particulièrement le fait qu’elles constituent un obstacle aux exportations des PED vers les marchés occidentaux), conduisent à s’interroger sur l’opportunité et les modalités de leur réglementation par le droit international des échanges. En dépit de leur diversité empirique qui rend difficile toute tentative de systématisation et de qualification juridique, nous considérons que la qualité des produits, qui constitue le fondement téléologique commun des normes privées, permet d’en justifier l’unité théorique et de les considérer comme un phénomène juridique à part entière. Nous démontrerons que les normes privées sont l’une des manifestations d’un droit transnational se développant en parallèle du droit interétatique « classique » et qu’elles jouissent par conséquent d’un statut juridique propre. De ce fait, leurs rapports avec la branche du droit international qu’elles intéressent le plus directement, le droit international des échanges, ne peuvent se limiter à l’approche classique de réglementation (ou approche « répressive », en ce qu’elle a pour seul but d’en limiter les effets restrictifs pour le commerce) mais doivent se concevoir dans une optique de coordination<br>The recent proliferation of private standards is not only of growing interest to economists who seek to evaluate its impact on trade flows; it is also relevant to international law, particularly to international economic law, in a double perspective. First, from the perspective of legal theory, the legal status of private standards has still to be determined. Second, from an empirical standpoint, private standards have the potential to negatively impact the access of developing countries to the markets of developed countries. This raises the question of the opportunity and modalities of submitting them to the disciplines of the WTO Agreements. This study demonstrates that private standards are one of the expressions of broader ‘transnational law’, a body of law that has been developing in parallel to ‘traditional’ state-centered international law. This implies that international law cannot merely consider private standards as an object to be disciplined; rather, the traditional ‘repressive’ approach should be rejected in favor of a more collaborative approach stressing the interrelations between the two bodies of norms as well as possible forms of coordination
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Bruder, Christine [Verfasser]. "Die klinische Prüfung von chirurgischen und therapeutischen Ansätzen unserer Patienten mit neuroendokrinen Neoplasien (NEN) im Vergleich zur Weltliteratur und international anerkannten Standards (ENETS und WHO) / Christine Bruder." Ulm : Universität Ulm, 2016. http://d-nb.info/111427268X/34.
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Tunberg, Allen C. "The destiny of those who are uninformed about Christ an identification of contemporary views with reference to the doctrinal standards of the Evangelical Free Church of America /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1992. http://www.tren.com.
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Hodkinson, Stuart Nigel. "Is there a new trade union internationalism? : the ICFTU and the campaign for core labour standards in the WTO." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418940.
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Hooker, Kimberly M. "A Study of Instructional Technology Resource Teachers in Virginia's Public School Divisions: Who are They and What Do They Do?" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2169.
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The purpose of this research was to examine the role of instructional technology resource teachers (ITRTs) within Virginia's public school divisions focusing on how ITRTs used their time throughout the school year to integrate technology into the curriculum. Based on data from surveys of current ITRTs, the researcher investigated further to find relationships, if any, among the professional and educational backgrounds and work calendar of these teachers and their responses to their actual role. The study also addressed training that the ITRTs have received to assist them in their job duties and explored the participants' perceptions of their roles as ITRTs.
Data were collected through the administration of an online survey sent to 1,199 ITRTs in 133 school divisions (districts) in Virginia. The response rate was 82% or 983 returns. The data were analyzed and presented using a tabular format along with a brief description.
Based on the findings, 40.9% of the respondents listed Instructional Technology Resource Teacher as their official job title. The majority of respondents held master's degrees and teacher's licenses. Respondents reported that 95% were full-time ITRTs. Most worked on a 10- or 11-month work calendar. The findings showed that instructional technology resource teachers were assisting teachers somewhat with technology integration, but the time spent on solving software (64.8%) and hardware (53.3%) problems remains a concern.
The majority stated that they had received training from their school divisions. The analysis showed that only 1.6% of the respondents had no training. Respondents overwhelmingly agreed that the most effective way to meet each school's instructional technology needs is to have one full-time instructional technology resource teacher in each school. Respondents stated there was not enough time allotted for teachers to plan for technology in the classroom and that there were insufficient funds for hardware and software needed for implementing technology into the classroom. Most agreed that support from school division administrators are assisting teachers in successfully integrating technology into the classroom and the majority of respondents disagreed that Standards of Learning (SOL) prompt teachers to use technology as a daily instructional tool.
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Agulhas, Jaclyn Margaret. "International labour standards and international trade :can the two be linked?" Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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In this paper I delve into the connection between trade policy and labour rights as probably one of the most controversial issues, which the international trading system is faced with today. Labour laws differ from country to country and of course it is a cause for concern where some countries have higher standards than others, it becomes problematic for these countries with high standards to compete with countries with lower standards. Even though there is a definite link between trade and labour, my argument is that incorporating labour standards into the international trading system is not the best way forward to deal with the problem of abuse of labour standards.<br />
<br />
I further investigate the two organizations at the forefront of this debate, being the WTO and the ILO. In an attempt to ascertain which of the two is the best forum to deal with the issue I further look at the relationship between these two organizations. Compliance with international labour standards is a growing concern as worldwide standards are deteriorating and nothing is being done to alleviate the problem. Accordingly, I explore the causes for the abuse of labour standards and seek to find the better alternative, by looking at the respective positions of the parties who are for and against the linkage of trade with labour standards. Here the views and concerns of the developed world are weighed up against those of the developing world and looking at possible alternatives concludes the paper.
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Twigg, Dora Ruiz. "Perceived training needs of special education teachers in California who were credentialed prior to September 1985 : how their skills compare with those required in the new California standards." Scholarly Commons, 1998. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/513.
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Since the mid-1980s several forces have brought about changes in the delivery of special education services to students with disabilities: the Regular Education Initiative and inclusive education movements; increase in parent advocacy for including students with disabilities in general education classes; increases in student diversity in terms ofrace, language, income, exceptionality, and culture; and a trend toward heterogeneous grouping in special education classes. As a consequence, the new California Standards for teacher credentials in special education require competencies and skills to implement inclusive service delivery models. Current holders of Learning Handicapped (LH) and Severely Handicapped (SH) credentials, trained under previous standards, may not have all of these skills. The purpose of this study was to determine training needs of veteran special education teachers in California, as perceived by those teachers and their school site administrators. Specifically, this study sought to determine the extent to which these teachers and administrators perceive that (a) the teachers possess 31 skills in eight new Level I standards and (b) the teachers need additional training in these skills. Responses to 167 questionnaires completed by LH teachers, SH teachers, and school site administrators, and two follow-up interview sessions with a selected subsarnple of each group were analyzed. Overall, the teachers perceived themselves to be competent in the examined skills and indicated little need for further training. Responses to follow-up interview questions showed that they have a balanced awareness of their competencies and need for training. Administrators rated the teachers lower in skills and in greater need of training than the teachers rated themselves, but the administrators expressed (a) a high level of regard for the abilities of the teachers and (b) a high level of expectation for the teachers as they take on new roles in the inclusive system. Based on the findings, it was recommended that (a) districts implement pragmatic inservice training, rather than university coursework; (b) administrators formally state their expectations for these teachers in the general education setting and provide system-level support and training to facilitate the teachers' assumption of their new role; and (c) administrators form a closer alliance with these teachers to better understand their performance and their needs.
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Carreira, da Cruz Marc-Antoine. "La contribution de la standardisation à la cohérence entre la responsabilité sociétale des entreprises et l’espace normatif de l’OMC en droit international." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE0035.
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A l’heure de la mondialisation, réguler la responsabilité sociétale des entreprises (RSE) au niveau international est un défi majeur auquel sont confrontés les Etats. Devant ce défi, le cadre du droit international classique semble sinon impuissant, du moins à la peine. Réguler la RSE nécessite de composer avec maintes difficultés tant en terme institutionnel que matériel. Concurrencés par de nouvelles normativités, tributaires de la volonté des Etats, les instruments de droit international classique semblent peu adaptés pour remédier à cette situation. En face de ses tentatives désarticulées et dispersées, le marché trouve sa traduction juridique internationale dans un espace normatif large, intégré, et doté d’un pouvoir de contrainte effectif : l’OMC. Entre une régulation internationale de la RSE qui s’apparente à une course d’obstacles en ordre dispersé et une régulation du commerce mondial doté de solides fondations, le décalage est considérable et le dialogue faible. Cette thèse a pour objet d’ébaucher une piste de rééquilibrage à travers un outil encore peu étudié : la standardisation. Parmi les instruments de régulation, les standards techniques offrent un potentiel intéressant à plus d’un titre. Instrument de soft law, ses dimensions juridiques sont nombreuses et il s’affirme comme un instrument incontournable tant pour le marché que pour la régulation des innombrables dimensions techniques de la RSE. Il semble le plus à même d’échapper aux contraintes auxquels font face les instruments de droit classique pour contribuer à davantage de cohérence entre la responsabilité sociétale des entreprises en droit international et le champ de l’OMC<br>In a global world, regulate social responsibility (CSR) at international level is a major challenge for States. Framework of traditional international law seems powerless. Regulate CSR requires to cope with many institutional and material difficulties. In competition with new non-legal norms, dependent on the will of States, traditional international law instruments seem ill-suited to address this situation.In front of these disarticulated and scattered attempts, the international market finds its legal translation in a broad, integrated, normative space, with an effective power of constraint: the WTO. Between the international regulation of CSR and the world trade rules world the gap t is considerable and the dialogue is weak. This PhD thesis aims to draft a rebalancing trail through an understudied tool: standardization. Ttechnical standards have have a huge and unique potential. As soft law instrument, it is emerging as a key instrument for both international market and the regulation of innumerable technical dimensions of CSR. It seems best able to escape the constraints facing classical international law instruments to contribute to greater coherence between the social responsibility of corporations in international law and the WTO field
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Neumann, Peter. "United Nations procurement regime : description and evaluation of the legal framework in the light of international standards and of findings of an inquiry into procurement for the Iraq oil for food programme /." Frankfurt, M. ; Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien : Lang, 2008. http://d-nb.info/990602338/04.
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Miconi, Florian. "Recherche du boson de Higgs standard léger dans le canal WH avec la statistique finale de l'expérience DØ au Tevatron." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00759356.
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Le mécanisme de Higgs, introduit en 1964, propose une solution à un problème majeur du modèle standard de la physique des particules : l'origine de la masse. Ce mécanisme prédit l'existence d'un boson scalaire, de masse non prédite par la théorie et qui n'a encore jamais été observé expérimentalement (Juin 2012). Le Tevatron, un accélérateur hadronique basé à Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory près de Chicago, a permis la prise de données à l'aide des deux détecteurs CDF et DØ depuis 1983 jusqu'en septembre 2011. Accumulant une statistique de près de 10fb-1 à analyser. La production associée du Higgs et d'un boson vecteur est le canal principal de recherche pour un Higgs standard léger. A l'aide des données collectées par DØ, nous recherchons ce mode de production. La production du boson de Higgs étant très rare, nous avons développé des techniques sophistiquées de manière à améliorer la sensibilité au signal, telles que l'identification des jets de quarks beaux ou encore des méthodes basées sur des discriminants multivariés. Au final, une approche statistique nous permet de poser une limite supérieure sur le taux de production du Higgs observé (resp. attendu) rapporté aux prédictions du modèle standard. Les résultats obtenus dans le canal WH avec la statistique finale de l'expérience DØ au Tevatron sont de 3.15 (resp. 3.97) pour un boson de Higgs de 115 GeV/C2.
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Hüske, Nils Kristian. "The Higgs boson in the standard model : theoretical constraints and a direct search in the WH channel at the Tevatron." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066187.
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Morgenroth, Nicolas [Verfasser]. "For whom is non-standard work precarious? : Heterogeneous effects of temporary and part-time employment on individual precarity risks and wage inequality in Germany / Nicolas Morgenroth." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1223453235/34.
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Sigismondi, Laurent. "Voluntary product standards in globalized markets an analysis of the US, EC, and Swiss antitrust approaches towards private standardization in a WTO perspective /." Neuchâtel : Université de Neuchâtel, 2006. http://doc.rero.ch/search.py?recid=6108&ln=fr.
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Mendelson, Fiona. "Diagnostic accuracy of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin, compared with composite reference standards, to discriminate between tuberculosis, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and bacterial pneumonia in HIV-infected inpatients meeting WHO criteria for seriously ill." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29261.
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Tuberculosis, bacterial community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) are the commonest causes of hospitalisation in HIV-infected individuals. Prompt diagnosis and treatment initiation are important to reduce morbidity and mortality, but are hampered by overlap in clinical and radiological presentation and limited diagnostic resources in resource-poor settings. Simple, affordable tests are needed for developing improved clinical algorithms. C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin have shown diagnostic utility for respiratory tract infections, however few studies have focussed on their ability to distinguish between tuberculosis, CAP, and PJP in HIV-infected inpatients. We performed a cross-sectional study on secondary data to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Creactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin compared to composite reference standards, for discrimination between the three target infections in adult HIV-infected inpatients. Participants had been recruited in two district level hospitals in Cape Town, South Africa, admitted with current cough and danger signs in accordance with the WHO algorithm for tuberculosis in seriously ill HIV-infected patients. Study clinicians were blinded to CRP and procalcitonin results and laboratory staff who performed biomarker tests on stored serum were blinded to patient diagnoses. 248 participants met study criteria and case definitions: 133 with tuberculosis, 61 with CAP, 16 with PJP, and 38 with mixed infection. Elevated CRP was found in 98% of participants. The cutoff used to guide antibiotic initiation in lower respiratory tract infections correctly identified 82% of those with CAP, 84% with tuberculosis and 50% with PJP. The differences in median CRP and procalcitonin concentrations between the three infections were statistically significant, but distributions overlapped considerably, and CRP and procalcitonin cut-offs with sensitivities of ≥ 90% were found for all three target infection pairs, however corresponding specificities were low. Receiver operating characteristic areas under the curve for CRP and procalcitonin were between 0.68 and 0.74 for PJP versus tuberculosis and PJP versus CAP. CRP and procalcitonin showed limited value in discriminating between the three target infections due to widely overlapping distributions, but diagnostic accuracy was higher for discriminating PJP from CAP or tuberculosis. Our findings suggest that CRP and procalcitonin may have greater diagnostic utility as part of a panel of biomarkers or in clinical prediction rules.
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Yi, Yun-Jung. "Standards and science in trade regulation in the global age : a critique of the WTO SPS agreement in relation to public health and safety concerns." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422035.
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Kayonde, Susan. "Towards an International Standard on government procurement in the WTO: Assessing the role of RTAs in entrenching the principles of the WTOs agreement on government procurement in developing countries." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5482_1256911225.
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<p>Government procurement is a very important aspect of international tradeas it can either promote or inhibit trade depending on laws and policies of a country. The study is confined to issues pertaining to the role of RTAs in establishing government procurement standards that resemble or conform to those of the GPA in developing countries. The study used Africa as a case study by evaluating selected RTAs that have been signed focussing on RTAs such as the procurementinitiativeof the Common Market for East and Southern Africa (COMESA) and US-Morocco Free Trade Agreement. The major objectives of the study were to examine the role of the existing international regulatory instruments towards the harmonisation of global standards on government procurement. The reserach aimed at analysing the role of the WTOs GPA as a possible global standard for government procurement and to investigate reasons of limited membership by developing countries.</p>
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VON, BAHTEN GUSTAVO LUIZ. "'LEGAL ASPECTS REGARDING THE ESTABLISHMENT OF LABOUR REGULATIONS ON BILATERAL FTAS: PRESENTING THE CHILEAN INTEGRATION FRAMEWORK AS AN ALTERNATIVE MODEL FOR LATIN AMERICAN DEVELOPMENT'." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/154019.
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There is a great challenge on our contemporary society, which is to conciliate the
global trade liberalization with the establishment of an efficient labour protection network,
both on developed and on developing countries.
The primary scope of this research is to bring up an analysis of the main direct and
indirect impacts and the ‘effet utile’ of the inclusion of labour regulations on several
contemporary bilateral free-trade agreements, in particular through a comparison
concerning the dichotomy between the American pragmatic trade policies and the
European idealist conceptions on this field.
This investigation does not intend to discuss the merit of possible commercial
advantages of FTAs, but endeavour to acquaint their consequences on the labour area,
making efforts to ensure worker’s rights protection without bringing up protectionist
measures that could embarrass an already complex international commercial system.
Furthermore, this study aims to present the Chilean successful economic
integration model, which for more than three decades combines trade liberalization and
social advances through the establishment of significant FTAs with strategic trade
partners, and must be understood as an efficient legal, political and economical framework
for other Latin American States.
On a post-habermasian international paradigm with deep inspiration on the
transmodernity proposed by Dussel, those considerations assume a crucial importance,
and the concrete outcomes brought by the Chilean economic agreements must be used as
good examples for a Continent where, unfortunately, rhetorical skills still prevail among
pragmatism and where there is a disturbing dissemination of an ideology typical of
authoritarian, populist and anachronistic governments.
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Tullgren, Melike, and Viktoria Uyanik. "B2B Application Integration : Why companies choose or not choose to implement B2BAI." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Informatics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-431.
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<p>The global business environment of today requires companies to be flexible, in order to quickly react and respond to the ever-changing market. Business-to-business application integration (B2BAI) can be seen as a tool which enables companies to stay competitive and it is often regarded by the theory as a must for survival in today’s fierce business environment. Eventhough the employment of a B2BAI strategy can generate a lot of advantages and opportunities for companies operating within today’s global business environment, there are still many challenges and problems to overcome in order to have a successful B2BAI solution.</p><p>Based on this we found it highly interesting to see whether the theories positive outlook on B2BAI could be supported by an empirical research. In this essay we have therefore studied and identified the underlying reasons and the contributing factors to why or why not companies choose to integrate externally, from the perspective of IT-consulting agencies. Besides this, a description and an explanation regarding the concepts covered by the field of B2BAI have been made in order to facilitate the understanding for the reader. As our intention primarily was to investigate the reasons behind and the contributing factors to why or why not companies choose to integrate, we chose to make qualitative interviews. This, as we were in need of information which described the course of events and expressed individual opinions, in order to achieve the purpose of the essay. Regarding the selection of research objects for the research, the population consists of all IT-consulting agencies in Sweden. The research has however been delimited to a selection of the population, where the sample consists of three IT-consulting agencies located in Jönköping, with experience of B2BAI.</p><p>One of the most interesting discoveries we have made in this research is that the empirical findings agree with the theory in regards of that globalization is a central factor contributing to why companies chose to invest in B2BAI. However, the respondents do not discuss all the advantages of B2BAI mentioned in the theory and emphasize slightly different underlying reasons for choosing to employ a B2BAI strategy. The most central reason for not choosing to employ a B2BAI strategy was according to the respondents due to the lack of knowledge regarding issues relating to the phenomenon and this have not been discussed in the theoretical framework. The challenges with B2BAI stated in the theory, were on the other hand not regarded as issues contributing to not choosing to implement B2BAI. We are under the impression that the advantages and the oppor-tunities with B2BAI carry more weight then the challenges, as the essays empirical findings indicate that the demand for B2BAI today is high and constantly growing.</p><br><p>Dagens globala affärsvärld kräver att företag ska vara flexibla för att snabbt kunna reagera och anpassa sig till den ständigt föränderliga marknaden. Business-to-business application integration (B2BAI) kan ses som ett verktyg som hjälper företag att vara konkurrenskraftiga och i teorier som behandlar ämnet beskrivs det ofta som ett måste för att överleva i dagens tuffa affärsklimat. Trots att tillämpandet av en B2BAI strategi kan generera ett flertal fördelar så finns det fortfarande många utmaningar och problem att bemästra för att kunna få en framgångsrik B2BAI lösning.</p><p>Baserat på detta fann vi det högst intressant att undersöka huruvida teorins positiva bild av B2BAI kunde stödjas av en empirisk studie. I denna uppsats har vi därför undersökt och identifierat de underliggande skälen och de bidragande faktorerna till varför företag väljer eller inte väljer att integrera externt, utifrån ett IT-konsultföretag perspektiv. Utöver detta ges en beskrivning av och förklaring till de begrepp som kunskapsområdet B2BAI innefattar för att underlätta förståelsen för läsaren. Eftersom vår avsikt huvudsakligen var att undersöka skälen bakom och de bidragande faktorerna till varför företag väljer eller inte väljer att integrera, valde vi att genomföra kvalitativa intervjuer. Detta då vi hade ett behov av information som beskrev händelser och uttryckte personliga åsikter för att kunna uppfylla syftet med denna uppsats. Vad gäller urvalet av undersökningsobjekt består populationen av alla IT-konsultföretag i Sverige. Undersökningen har dock avgränsats till tre IT-konsultföretag belägna i Jönköping med erfarenhet av B2BAI.</p><p>En av de mest intressanta upptäckterna vi har gjort i denna undersökning är att empirin överensstämmer med teorin beträffande att globaliseringen är en central bidragande faktor till varför företag väljer att investera i B2BAI. Respondenterna diskuterar dock inte alla fördelar med B2BAI som omnämns i teorin och framhåller delvis andra underliggande skäl till varför företag väljer att använda an B2BAI strategi. Det mest centrala skälet till varför företag inte väljer att implementera en B2BAI strategi var enligt respondenterna på grund av bristande kunskaper beträffande frågor relaterade till fenomenet och detta har inte diskuterats i det teoretiska ramverket. Utmaningarna med B2BAI omnämnda i teorin ansågs emellertid inte vara bidragande faktorer till att inte välja att implementera B2BAI. Vi har fått intrycket att de fördelar och möjligheter som B2BAI medför är av större vikt för företag än de utmaningar och problem som existerar, då uppsatsens empiriska studie pekar på att efterfrågan för B2BAI är stor idag och kon-stant växande.</p>
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Kramer, Cynthia. "Medidas antidumping: devido processo legal à luz das regras da OMC." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2135/tde-14062013-133021/.
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Apesar de o fluxo de comércio afetado por medidas antidumping não chegar nem a 1% do comércio global, aproximadamente 20% das disputas na OMC são sobre antidumping. A OMC é um órgão intergovernamental e seu sistema de solução de controvérsias tem por objetivo analisar se as medidas adotadas por seus Membros estão em conformidade com os compromissos assumidos nos acordos abrangidos. O Acordo Antidumping da OMC (ADA) estabelece os procedimentos investigatórios a serem seguidos por seus Membros para combater o dumping que comprovadamente causa dano à indústria doméstica. O objetivo é evitar que sejam adotadas medidas em circunstâncias descabidas, com o mero intuito protecionista de criar barreiras ao comércio. O dumping é uma prática do setor privado e não dos governos. Portanto, não é o dumping que é questionado perante a OMC, e sim a obediência pela autoridade investigadora dos procedimentos investigatórios estabelecidos no ADA. Tanto os órgãos da Administração Pública como a OMC exercem uma função fundamental para que o devido processo legal seja observado em matéria antidumping. A função legislativa é criar as normas que regularão o procedimento, a função executiva é aplicar/monitorar o procedimento, e a função judiciária é verificar se o procedimento tem sido aplicado corretamente. À luz dessas considerações, a tese a ser defendida é que: (i) diante das limitações trazidas aos painéis e ao Órgão de Apelação pelo Artigo 17.6 do ADA, a função do sistema de solução de controvérsias da OMC e dos judiciários nacionais, em matéria antidumping, muito se assemelham: ambos buscam controlar a discricionariedade da autoridade investigadora; (ii) mais efetivo para os importadores e/ou exportadores que pretendem questionar uma medida antidumping seria buscar inicialmente uma solução mediante recurso ao judiciário do país importador. O recurso ao sistema da OMC, além de depender do interesse do governo e ser oneroso, apresenta dificuldades no momento de implementação das recomendações; (iii) entretanto, tendo em vista o despreparo do Judiciário Brasileiro, sugerimos a criação de cortes especializadas; (iv) o recurso ao Judiciário, mesmo perante cortes especializadas, não resolveria os problemas do processo antidumping apontados ao longo da tese. Para sanar, fazemos algumas outras sugestões de mudanças estruturais para aplicação: (a) no âmbito da OMC, com vistas a delimitar a atuação do Órgão de Apelação e garantir segurança jurídica aos Membros; e (b) no âmbito brasileiro, com vistas a modificar a dinâmica das investigações antidumping conduzidas pela autoridade administrativa e assegurar o cumprimento de sua real finalidade.<br>Despite the fact that the flow of trade affected by anti-dumping measures does not reach 1% of global trade, approximately 20% of the disputes at the WTO are about these measures. The WTO is an intergovernmental organization and its dispute settlement system has the objective of analyzing if the measures adopted by its Members are in accordance with the commitments accepted in the covered agreements. The WTOs Anti-Dumping Agreement (ADA) sets forth the investigation proceedings to be followed by its Members in order to deal with dumping proven to have caused damage to domestic industry. The aim is to avoid that measures are taken under inappropriate circumstances, with the mere protectionist purpose of creating trade barriers. Dumping is a private practice, and not a governmental one. Thus, it is not the practice of dumping itself that is questioned before the WTO, but the obedience by the investigating authority of the proceedings established in the ADA. The Public Administration organs and the WTO are equally responsible by a fundamental role of guaranteeing that the due process of law is respected in the matter of anti-dumping measures. The legislative duty is to create rules that will govern the proceedings, the executive duty is to apply/monitor the proceedings and the judiciary duty is to verify if the proceedings have been applied correctly. In light of these aspects, the thesis to be defended is: (i) considering the limitations to panels and the Appellate Body by Article 17.6 of the ADA, the duties of the WTOs dispute settlement system and the national judiciaries, in terms of anti-dumping, are similar: both try to control the discretion of the investigating authority; (ii) it would be more effective to importers and/or exporters who want to challenge an anti-dumping measure to resort initially to the judiciary system of the importer country. The resort to the WTO system, besides depending on the government`s political interest and being expensive, has difficulties when it comes to implement the recommendations; (iii) in spite of that, considering the lack of preparation of the Brazilian Judiciary, it is suggested the creation of specialized courts; (iv) the resort to the Judiciary, even before specialized courts, would not solve the problems of the anti-dumping process pointed out throughout this thesis. To tackle these problems, we make some other suggestions of structural nature: (a) in what concerns the WTO, aiming at limiting the Appellate Body`s role and guaranteeing legal security to its Members; (b) in what concerns Brazil, aiming at changing the dynamics of the anti-dumping investigations conducted by the administrative authority and securing the fulfillment of its real purpose.
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Brelier, Bertrand. "Etude de la production associée ZH/WH, H en photons avec le détecteur ATLAS." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00366035.
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Le Modèle Standard de la physique des particules postule l'existence d'un champ doublet scalaire de Higgs, qui après brisure de symétrie électro-faible, donne lieu à la présence d'une particule scalaire neutre, le boson de Higgs. Les recherches directes par les expériences LEP imposent une masse de ce boson, s'il existe, supérieure à 114.5 GeV. Les mesures électro-faibles de précision, quant à elles, contraignent la masse du boson de Higgs, dans le Modèle Standard, à être inférieure à 144 GeV (95 % C.L.). Dans ce domaine de masse, la désintégration du boson de Higgs en deux photons est un des canaux les plus importants pour la recherche de ce boson dans le détecteur ATLAS. Ici, nous évaluons la possibilité d'étudier la production associée avec un boson Z ou W. Elle bénéficie d'un bon rapport signal sur bruit de fond et offre donc le potentiel d'être utilisé pour augmenter la signifiance statistique d'une possible découverte. Les processus de production associée permettront également la mesure des couplages du boson de Higgs aux bosons de l'interaction faible.