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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Women social reformers”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 30 lipca 2024

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1

sinha, Dr Poonam. "WOMEN AND SOCIAL REFORMS." GENESIS 7, no. 3 (September 10, 2020): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.47211/tg.2020.v07i03.020.

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Social Reformers faced so many legal problems for women welfare in our society. They want to reform the condition of women in our society. There are so many bad traditions enforced on women who force them to follow rules which are against their development in our society, society never wants reforms to their condition which is against women but some social reformers fight against the law which is made by society for women. It is very clear they never want to change the Law against women which was fabricated by them but some social reformers fight against those Law which was made by the society

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Faust, Friederike, and Klara Nagel. "The Just Prison? Women’s Prison Reform and the Figure of the “Offender-as-Victim” in Germany." Studies in Social Justice 18, no. 2 (April 4, 2024): 264–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/ssj.v18i2.4343.

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During the 1990s, the Berlin women’s prison was reformed to do justice to female inmates. This redesigning of space and programs was intended to meet women-specific conditions and needs. The present paper engages with this prison reform as transformation in the name of gender justice. Based on interviews with prison reformers, criminologists, and policymakers, as well as on the analysis of historical documents, we illuminate how a specific figure of the “criminalized woman” helps to translate the abstract notion of social justice into situated practice. From the 1970s onward, a new knowledge o

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Adhikari, Anasuya, and Birbal Saha. "Lesser Known Indian Women Educators and Reformers." International Journal of Research and Review 8, no. 9 (September 29, 2021): 442–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20210956.

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India can presently be called a leading nation while considering the field of women education. But the scenario was not always the same. Women had to struggle to reach this summit. The path was not easy and smooth. Interestingly enough, eminent women themselves played a crucial role in not only establishing themselves, but also in promoting women’s education, health, shelter homes, care for the orphans etc. They established schools and other institutes to promote education to not only the women but also to the weaker section of the society and fight against the injustice. This paper is an atte

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MACPHERSON, ANNE S. "Citizens v. Clients: Working Women and Colonial Reform in Puerto Rico and Belize, 1932–45." Journal of Latin American Studies 35, no. 2 (May 2003): 279–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x0300676x.

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Marked differences in mid-twentieth-century reformers' approaches to politically active working women in Belize and Puerto Rico help to explain the emergence of colonial hegemony in the latter, and the rise of mass nationalism in the former. Reformers in both colonies were concerned with working women, but whereas British and Belizean reformers treated them as sexually and politically disordered, and aimed to transform them from militant wage-earners to clients of state social services, US and Puerto Rican reformers treated them as voting citizens with legitimate roles in the economy and labou

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Manoharan, Karthick Ram. "Radical freedom: Periyar and women." Open Research Europe 1 (March 24, 2021): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.13131.1.

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This paper looks at South Indian social reformer and anti-caste radical Periyar E.V. Ramasamy's approach to the women's question. Periyar was not just an advocate of social and economic equality between the sexes but espoused a radical concept of sexual freedom for women, which is central to his concept of liberty as such. While the anti-colonialists of his period defended native traditions and customs, Periyar welcomed modernity and saw it laden with possibilities for the emancipation of women. Likewise, where other social reformers addressed the women's question within the ambit of the natio

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Carlton-LaNey, Iris, and Vanessa Hodges. "African American Reformers’ Mission: Caring for Our Girls and Women." Affilia 19, no. 3 (August 2004): 257–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886109904265853.

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Fishback, Price V., and Shawn Everett Kantor. "“Square Deal” or Raw Deal? Market Compensation for Workplace Disamenities, 1884–1903." Journal of Economic History 52, no. 4 (December 1992): 826–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002205070001192x.

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Early twentieth-century social reformers claimed that public insurance was necessary because employers ignored the financial needs of their unemployed, injured, or ill workers. Reformers dismissed the idea that competition in the labor market would boost the wages of workers who faced greater chances of job-related financial distress. This article reports a test of the compensating-wage-difference hypothesis on wage samples of men, women, and children from 1884 to 1903. We found mixed support for the reformers' claims: unemployment risk tended to be fully compensated; accident risk was only pa

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R, Suresh. "Dravidian Movement and Arangannal." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, no. 4 (October 14, 2022): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22422.

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Human society was degraded by superstitious practices without intellectual awareness. The society of the day was subjected to decline and suffering. The social reformers who emerged among the communities guided the people. Among them, Jesus, Prophet, Buddha, Gandhi, and others are notable. From time-to-time reformers appeared to reform society on the soil. Because of the illiteracy of the people, inequality and atrocities in society took place every day. Communalism and caste oppression swelled, and women and the downtrodden suffered from irrational acts. There are plenty of intellectual organ

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Fitzpatrick, Reilly L. "Redundant Women as Reformers in Gaskell’s Cranford and My Lady Ludlow." Victorians: A Journal of Culture and Literature 145, no. 1 (June 2024): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/vct.2024.a931642.

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ABSTRACT: Elizabeth Gaskell’s protagonists are often categorized as redundant, particularly spinsters and widows. Such characters potentially complicate Gaskell’s feminist status, seemingly embodying the repressive stereotypes of Victorian femininity. But rather than portraying them as unproductive, ridiculous, and marginal, Gaskell creates characters who directly counter the idea of redundancy. Her spinsters and widows are reformers who catalyze significant social change and redefine the power of elderly, unmarried women against patriarchal paradigms. The shift from redundancy to reform is es

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Sultan, Rana Saba, and Irshad Bibi. "Socio-Economic And Psychological Perspectives Of Female Crimes." Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies 3, no. 1 (March 8, 2010): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v3i1.372.

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Until a few decades ago, crime was considered to be a predominantly male phenomenon, but as women increasingly joined the mainstream of society, their share in crime increased considerably the world over. The family unit has been torn apart because of economic necessity, increasing awareness of women’s rights and the need to step out of home to reach the work place. In fact the growing rate of woman prisoners can be linked to social changes, especially in urbanization and new agents of social control such as urban police and moral reformers. The fewer job opportunities and lower wages for wome

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Hussain , Dr Ishtiaq. "Revisiting a Fractured Legacy: Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and Muslim Women Education." Rashhat-e-Qalam 2, no. 2 (September 15, 2022): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.56765/rq.v2i2.74.

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Indian Muslims during second half of nineteenth century witnessed significant changes in their socio-political and economic conditions. The men of intellect among the community sought the redressal of the despondency within Muslims through varied approaches of reformation. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was prominent among these reformers who advocated the necessity of western-modern education as a panacea for the deprived conditions of Muslims. Although not being antagonistic towards the education in principle but he disapproved the modern education for women and limited his mission of education only to

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CLEMENTS, K. A. "THE NEW ERA AND THE NEW WOMAN." Pacific Historical Review 73, no. 3 (August 1, 2004): 425–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2004.73.3.425.

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Lou Henry Hoover, wife of Herbert Hoover, demonstrated the strengths and limitations of the expanded social de�nition of womanhood that had been won by reformers during the Progressive Era and World War I. As a leader of several business and women's social welfare organizations, she urged young women to follow her example in seeking professional education and careers as well as upholding traditional domestic roles. Protected by wealth and social status from the most burdensome aspects of domesticity, her public position emphasized the opportunities but understated problems faced by the "new wo

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Kumar, Vinod. "Evaluation of the Social Status of MGNREGA Women Beneficiaries in Uttarakhand State of India." Journal of World Economy 2, no. 4 (December 2023): 84–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.56397/jwe.2023.12.08.

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The term ‘status’ denotes position of an individual in a social system. It also encompasses the notions, rights and obligations of inferiority and superiority in terms of power, authority, rights and privileges when compared to that of man. Thus, it manifests her status in that particular society. When compared to man’s position, Indian woman always occupied a status, inferior to man, in all respects. Status includes not only personal and proprietary rights but also includes duties, liabilities and disabilities. With regard to the status of women in Indian society at large, no nation has held

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KELLEY, MARY. "BOOKS AND LIVES, READING AND ACHIEVEMENT." Modern Intellectual History 10, no. 1 (April 2013): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244312000418.

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This deeply researched and beautifully crafted study takes as its subject a generation of women who came to maturity in America's Gilded Age. They were scientists and social workers, physicians and educators, and, perhaps most notably, Progressive reformers engaged in the pursuit of social justice. Claiming the newly available opportunities for higher education and professional employment, these women successfully pursued lives in uncharted territory. Barbara Sicherman introduces us to a less visible but equally salient factor in their journey to public identities marked by achievement and acc

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Guan, Xuerou. "Space and Memory in Bernardine Evaristo’s Girl, Woman, Other." English Language Teaching and Linguistics Studies 6, no. 2 (April 25, 2024): p251. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/eltls.v6n2p251.

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Bernardine Evaristo’s novel Girl, Woman, Other uses the places “the Greenfield Farm” and “National Theatre” as places imprinted cultural memories. The former symbolizes the equally important roles of reformers and radicals in inspiring intellectual progress and constructing social memory, while the latter signifies the breaking of conventions and the empowerment of those pushed to the margins by patriarchal and white supremacist Britain, both of which complement each other in constructing a historical space dominated by the collective authority of black women in Britain. Combined with Assmann’

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Razack, Sherene. "From Consent to Responsibility, from Pity to Respect: Subtexts in Cases of Sexual Violence Involving Girls and Women with Developmental Disabilities." Law & Social Inquiry 19, no. 04 (1994): 891–922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.1994.tb00943.x.

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How might feminist law reform serve all women? The author explores this question within the context of sexual violence involving girls and women with developmental disabilities. She presents the difference impasse as a theoretical tool for understanding how women are positioned in law differently and unequally in relation to each other. She explores how, within the consent framework of a rape trail, competing social narratives or subtexts about race, class, gender, and disability circulate in the courtroom. She also explores the issue of pity in rape traiIs and argues that focusing on interloc

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Datta, Sudhangsu Sekhar, and Kaushik Mukherjee. "Women Education in Colonial Bengal: Retrospection." BSSS Journal of Social Work 13, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.51767/jsw1301.

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Modern education came to Bengal though the East India Company. The missionaries also landed up for proselytising activities. They were perturbed by the backwardness of the Indian society especially the plights of women. The people of Bengal came in touch with the western ideas as Calcutta was made the capital of colonial India. The influence of liberalism and modern education brought in by the Britishers transformed a section of Bengal society. Bengal became the cradle of social reforms. The outcome of missionary’s activities and reforms brought by social reformers opened the gate of education

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Borderías, Cristina. "Conflict over Women’s Working Times on the Eve of Industrialisation: Spanish Social Reformers’ Surveys at the End of the Nineteenth Century." Historical Review/La Revue Historique 15, no. 1 (May 20, 2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hr.20443.

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During the last two decades of the nineteenth century, Spain experienced growing social instability. The worsening working conditions stimulated social conflict and the rise of the labour movement. In this context, the first voices in favour of state intervention in conflicts between capital and labour arose among the reformist intellectual elite. One of the first social policy measures undertaken by the state was the creation, in 1883, of the Comisión de Reformas Sociales (Commission for Social Reforms, CRS) as a consultative and advisory institution of the government on social issues. Under

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J, Benny. "Feminist ideologies in Jeevanandham's Poems." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-8 (July 20, 2022): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s817.

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Women share the major responsibility in taking aspects of human race to the generation ahead. Though social and communal development of recent times have improved the stage of women in society, the culture indifferences and violence against women have not yet been eradicated from the society we reside in. The society have prolonged with a notion that men are strong and ought to be commanding and women are weak and to obey. Women are presumed and directed to be dependent to men while men boss them. We are still in the timeline where effects of women still have to be recognised through men. Desp

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U., Robin C., and Dr G. Parvathy. "Gender Distinction And Women Empowerment In R. K. Narayan’s The Dark Room." Think India 22, no. 3 (September 21, 2019): 640–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v22i3.8349.

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As far as the life of human being is concerned there are many challenges and inner-struggles in the emerging world society namely: uncertainties of life, inequality, gender distinction, frustrations, distress, tensions, anxieties, anguish, fear, alienation, infidelity, misunderstanding and delusion. Among the struggles gender distinction has a lasting impact on the whole of human being, which prevents all types of human progress. For a woman, as for a man, the need for self-fulfilment - autonomy, self-realisation, independence, individuality, self-actualization is as important and inevitable.

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Banks, Nina. "Retrospectives: Sadie T.M. Alexander: Black Women and a “Taste of Freedom in the Economic World”." Journal of Economic Perspectives 36, no. 4 (November 1, 2022): 205–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.36.4.205.

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The employment history of African American women is notable because of their higher labor force participation rates compared to other women in the US. This essay discusses Sadie T.M. Alexander’s analysis of Black women and work based on her 1930s speeches and writings. Alexander assessed Black women workers’ contribution to Black American living standards and national output. A proponent of women’s gainful employment and economic independence, Alexander’s views on the benefits of industrial employment for women and family life stood in stark contrast to White social welfare reformers who disco

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Meena, Ramjeelal. "Role of women in Indian independence movement." RESEARCH HUB International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2023): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.53573/rhimrj.2023.v10n06.004.

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During British rule in India, the British repeatedly claimed their aim was to establish a prosperous, welfare-driven state and modernize the nation by eradicating social issues. However, their true objective was to exploit India's economy to strengthen their capitalist system. Amid this era, social reformers, influenced by British education and Western ideas, focused on women's conditions. Noteworthy figures like Raja Rammohan Roy, Dayanand Saraswati, Ishwarchand Vidyasagar, Ramakrishna Paramhans, Keshavchandra, and Mahadev Govind Ranade sought women's emancipation. As many reformers were uppe

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Grimshaw, Patricia. "Colonising motherhood: evangelical social reformers and Koorie women in Victoria, Australia, 1880s to the early 1900s." Women's History Review 8, no. 2 (June 1999): 329–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09612029900200203.

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DeVault, Ileen A. "“Everybody Works but Father”: Why the Census Misdirected Historians of Women's Employment." Social Science History 40, no. 3 (2016): 369–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2016.10.

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Because the US Census Bureau changed the way they reported workers’ marital status, the subfield of US women's labor history unwittingly perpetuated a key misinterpretation of women's labor force participation, allowing historians to believe that women in the workforce between 1880 and 1920 were overwhelmingly young and single women: the daughters of their families rather than the mothers and wives. This change in census reporting was reinforced and promulgated by Joseph A. Hill's 1929 work, Women in Gainful Occupations, 1870–1920. Why was this change made? This article argues that this change

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Sudalai Moni, T. "Political and Social Status of Women in Pre and Post Independent India." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 8, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v8i2.3289.

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Women’s involvement in socio-political life is a desideratum for the progress of not only the women folk but also the development of the nation as a whole. During ancient and medieval times, women from orthodox families actively participated in social activities, but their overall position and status gradually deteriorated. The Modern era meant for women ushered in during the dawn of the 19th century when social reformers paid special attention to enhance the social status of women. For instance, the promulgation of the Widow Remarriage Act, implementation of the Civil Marriage Act 1872 mentio

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Soudan, Gabrielle, David Philippy, and Harro Maas. "Crossing the doorsteps for social reform: The social crusades of Florence Kelley and Ellen Richards." Science in Context 34, no. 4 (December 2021): 501–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889723000091.

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ArgumentThis paper contrasts the research strategies of two women reformers, Florence Kelley and Ellen Swallow Richards, which entailed different strategies of social reform. In the early 1890s, social activist Florence Kelley used the social survey as a weapon for legal reform of the working conditions of women and children in Chicago’s sweatshop system. Kelley’s case shows that her surveys were most effective as “grounded” knowledge, rooted in a local community with which she was well acquainted. Her social survey, re-enacted by lawmakers and the press, provided the evidence that moved her t

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Bhaskar, Anurag. "Ambedkar, Lohia, and the Segregations of Caste and Gender: Envisioning a Global Agenda for Social Justice." CASTE / A Global Journal on Social Exclusion 1, no. 2 (October 31, 2020): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26812/caste.v1i2.208.

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Dalit women in India suffer multilayered form of marginalization. They are discriminated not only based on their gender, but also because of their caste identity. This impacts their literacy, life expectancy, among other human indicators. Despite the emphasis on the intersectionality between caste and gender by Dr. BR Ambedkar and later by other social reformers like Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia, the mainstream movements have failed to provide a separate discourse on safeguarding the rights of Dalit women. The question of caste-based discrimination has by and large focused on the identity of a Dalit,

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Wright, David, and Cathy Chorniawry. "Women and Drink in Edwardian England." Historical Papers 20, no. 1 (April 26, 2006): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/030935ar.

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Abstract In Victorian England excessive drinking was seen as almost exclusively a male prob- lem, but around 1900 the issue of female intemperance began to be widely discussed. In the first years of the twentieth century concern about women's drinking habits was voiced by an otherwise disparate group which included temperance workers, eugeni- cists, social reformers, imperialists and members of the medical profession. It is by no means certain that women were in fact using and abusing alcohol to a significantly greater extent than before: the evidence was and remains inconclusive. The Edwardia

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Xu Lu, Sidney. "Good women for empire: educating overseas female emigrants in imperial Japan, 1900–45." Journal of Global History 8, no. 3 (October 2, 2013): 436–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022813000363.

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AbstractThis article examines two tutelage campaigns launched by Japanese social reformers targeting Japanese emigrant women in Manchuria and California in the first two decades of the twentieth century. It reveals how these two middle-class-based social campaigns jointly paved the way for the Japanese state's ‘continental bride’ policy in the late 1930s, which mobilized and exported women from across the nation to Manchuria on an unprecedented scale. Synthesizing the stories of Japan's colonialism in Manchuria and Japanese labour migration to the American Pacific coast, this study traces the

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Dr. Ravi Kumar Tyagi, Tripti Sharma, and Vinod Kumar. "Empowering Muslim Women in Indian." Legal Research Development 2, no. III (March 30, 2018): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.53724/lrd/v2n3.05.

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Women have become equal partners in many ways at all levels community. The future will see many women going to normal places ruled by people. Various social reformers have tried to raise public conditions legal women and legal cases have played an important role in her development. Due to global cohesion, women have left their traditional activities building a house and raising children in resolving social and business solutions. But the community has become it is even more unsafe for women who do not have to change And talking about Islamic Muslim rights is a way to go back there It is a conf

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Browder, Dorothea. "WORKING OUT THEIR ECONOMIC PROBLEMS TOGETHER: WORLD WAR I, WORKING WOMEN, AND CIVIL RIGHTS IN THE YWCA." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 14, no. 2 (April 2015): 243–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781414000814.

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AbstractThis article examines how a group of Black and White YWCA staff members seized the opportunities of World War I to advance a racial justice agenda through Young Women's Christian Association programs for working women. First, they created YWCA program work for thousands of Black working women that paralleled the YWCA's Industrial Program, which followed YWCA segregation policies. Second, they made claims for social justice based on Black women's labor contributions, in contrast to both earlier reformers' focus on elite Black women and other wartime activists' focus on soldiers' service

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Shepard, Christopher. "A liberalisation of Irish social policy? Women’s organisations and the campaign for women police in Ireland, 1915–57." Irish Historical Studies 36, no. 144 (November 2009): 564–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400005885.

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For much of the twentieth century, Ireland was quite unusual in comparison with other western European nations in its exclusion of women from policing. By the time women were allowed to join the national police force, the Garda Síochána, in 1957, women were already established in the police forces of Britain, Germany and France, as well as that of Northern Ireland. Further afield, women were already employed in police forces in Poland, New Zealand and the U.S. The appointment of women police was a major demand of feminists, moral campaigners and social reformers during the late nineteenth and

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Kahlenberg, Caroline. "New Arab Maids: Female Domestic Work, “New Arab Women,” and National Memory in British Mandate Palestine." International Journal of Middle East Studies 52, no. 3 (June 29, 2020): 449–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743820000379.

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AbstractThe “new Arab woman” of the early 20th century has received much recent scholarly attention. According to the middle- and upper-class ideal, this woman was expected to strengthen the nation by efficiently managing her household, educating her children, and contributing to social causes. Yet, we cannot fully understand the “new Arab woman” without studying the domestic workers who allowed this class to exist. Domestic workers carried out much of the physical labor that let their mistresses pursue new standards of domesticity, social engagement, and participation in nationalist organizat

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Menon, Shailaja. "Periyar: Forging a Gendered Utopia." CASTE / A Global Journal on Social Exclusion 4, no. 2 (October 30, 2023): 367–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.26812/caste.v4i2.686.

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The category of gender has perennially found itself at the margins because of its social location across South Asia. Albeit heterogeneous by nature, women have borne the burden of history, community, tradition and even geography being violently mapped across their bodies. No wonder that the past two centuries has witnessed heated debates on the women’s question in the region ranging from the Altekarian paradigm to the valorized mother figure who is ever nurturing and generous. Many social reformers both male and female sought to battle orthodoxy, religious chauvinism and caste-based status-quo

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Ikegami, Robin. "Femmes‐hommes,she‐bishops, and hyenas in petticoats: Women reformers and gender treason, 1789–1830." Women's Studies 26, no. 2 (February 1997): 223–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00497878.1997.9979161.

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Livesey, Ruth. "Reading for Character: Women Social Reformers and Narratives of the Urban Poor in Late Victorian and Edwardian London." Journal of Victorian Culture 9, no. 1 (January 2004): 43–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jvc.2004.9.1.43.

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Black, Chad Thomas. "The Usual Suspects: Bourbon Quito through the Visita de Cárcel, 1732–1791." Hispanic American Historical Review 102, no. 2 (May 1, 2022): 223–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-9653478.

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Abstract This article analyzes weekly visita de cárcel records from the Audiencia of Quito covering the years 1732–91. The first section considers the jail census as a manuscript form and performative practice. The second section identifies patterns in the visitas that document shifting carceral priorities during periods of political crisis and reform, increased detention of women, and the function of racial categories. These patterns suggest that Bourbon reformers used policing power as a form of social control while the visitas continued to operate as a performance of royal authority.

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Macarthur, John. "Colonies at Home: Loudon's Encyclopaedia, and the architecture of forming the self." Architectural Research Quarterly 3, no. 3 (September 1999): 245–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135500002074.

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In the early nineteenth century, the small house in its own garden formed a crucial image of agricultural reform in Britain and in the aspirations of those leaving for North America and Australasia. The material and social technologies of the ‘cottage’ became not only equipment for the colonial enterprise, but a kind of colonization of the home by a new kind of family. These issues are apparent in J. C. Loudon's Encyclopaedia where the whole gamut of architecture is re-examined as a subject of interest to agricultural reformers, colonists, democrats and homemakers, especially women.

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Harrell, Sam. "“When Is a School Not a School?” Dr. Carrie Weaver Smith, Child Prisons, and the Limits of Reform in Progressive Era Texas." Social Sciences 13, no. 7 (July 22, 2024): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci13070380.

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This archival study explores the life and work of Dr. Carrie Weaver Smith (1885–1942), a Progressive Era social worker and prison warden. Specifically, I explore the first phase of her career as a House Physician at the Virginia K. Johnson Home in Dallas, Texas (1911–1915) and as the first Superintendent of the Texas State Training School for Girls in Gainesville, Texas (1916–1925). Using archival research, I detail three conflicts that defined Dr. Smith’s superintendency: her fight to reclassify a youth prison as a school, her challenges to a Ku Klux Klan-dominated legislature, and her refusa

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Arul Paramanandam, D., and P. Packirisamy. "An empirical study on the impact of micro enterprises on women empowerment." Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 9, no. 4 (October 12, 2015): 298–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-08-2014-0017.

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Purpose – This study aims to find whether the micro-enterprises lead to women empowerment and entrepreneurship and make them to be wholly involved in income-generating activities by having them choose a business venture of their own. Design/methodology/approach – Women empowerment is very important for the acceleration of economic growth. The economic empowerment of women is being regarded these days as a sine qua non of progress for a country; hence, the issue of economic empowerment of women is of paramount importance to political thinkers, social scientists and reformers. The self-help grou

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C, Dhamayanthi. "Emphasis on Gender Equality in the Novels of Thilagavathi." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-3 (July 16, 2022): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s327.

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In this era too, where technology has developed and our education and basic needs are fulfilled through the internet, we see that women slavery prevails at many levels. Women's life has been continuously regressed in many stages till this century, such as being treated as secondary in the position of raising female children from birth to upbringing, being held back in educational opportunities and subsequent employment opportunities, living up to family responsibilities, and valuing men's views in public life. Apart from that, women are being used as consumer goods promoters at the social leve

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Houston, Fleur. "Reformation: a Two-edged Sword in the Cause of the Ministry of Women." Feminist Theology 26, no. 1 (August 22, 2017): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0966735017711870.

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When Martin Luther mounted an attack on the industry of Indulgences, he affirmed key Reformation principles: human beings are saved by God’s grace alone and the priesthood of all the baptised gives all followers of Christ equal status. This was in conformity with an earlier generation of reformers who saw the Bible as ultimate authority and witnessed to biblical truth against corruption. The logical consequence of this should have been the enabling of women who were so disposed to exercise a theological vocation. In practice, the resulting rupture in religious and social life often affected wo

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Dahlan, Moh. "Paradigma Ijtihad Munawir Sjadzali dalam Reaktualisasi Hukum Islam di Indonesia." AT-TURAS: Jurnal Studi Keislaman 7, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 191–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.33650/at-turas.v7i2.1504.

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Social change has driven Islamic law reform. The reform of Islamic law has encouraged one of Indonesia's Islamic law reformers, Munawir Sjadzali, to re-realize Islamic law in the distribution of inheritance in Indonesia. By using the contemporary paradigm, the results of this study indicate that Munawir Sjadzali's ijtihad paradigm has given birth to a new spirit to implement ijtihad in Islamic law reform in Indonesia, namely the renewal of inheritance law by reinterpreting the Qur’an text about 2: 1 between men and women become equal between the two. The provisions of the inheritance law are f

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D, Jayavelu, and Mamta Pillai. "Women Empowerment in Amish’s The Ramchandra Series: A Dharmic Narrative." International Journal of Language and Literary Studies 3, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36892/ijlls.v3i1.507.

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The portrayal of women in literary texts over the centuries has been stuck in the conviction that women are enormously subjugated, but now repetition of the same is considered unjustified. The canon of reformers in the literary world has started to interpret feminism from various perspectives. Women characters are reformulated and rethought by the new emerging authors and those authors reinforce a new dimension to the status and moral experience of women which was largely criticized in the domain of traditional literature. The present research, therefore, intends to elicit the narrative techni

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Salzman-Fiske, Ellen. "John Lovejoy Elliott and the Social Settlement Movement." Prospects 30 (October 2005): 383–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s036123330000209x.

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During the Progressive Era, American social settlements played a critical role in helping immigrants adjust to a new life that was puzzling, difficult, and often grueling. Settlements offered immigrants medical help, language classes, art and music lessons, day-care services — and sometimes a place where they could learn to be community leaders. Most often, it is the inspiring work of women reformers that one thinks of in connection with the important work of social settlements. Yet among the many prominent women, several men in the settlement movement were influential and extraordinary in the

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Breton, Rob. "Women and Children First: Appropriated Fiction in the Ten Hours’ Advocate." Victorian Popular Fictions Journal 3, no. 2 (December 17, 2021): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.46911/fsmi1264.

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This article examines interclass strategies to bring about reform in mid-nineteenth century England. It specifically explores the way the Ten Hours’ Advocate, a paper written for the working classes, looked to present itself as a middle-class periodical in order to further the argument for factory reform. In reproducing fiction filched from middle-class periodicals, the Advocate performed its argument for the Factory Bill: that the Bill would ease social tensions, dissipate the Chartist or radical threat, and ensure a “return” to traditional gender roles. The appropriated fiction is mild, rath

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Greenberg, Jaclyn. "The Limits of Legislation: Katherine Philips Edson, Practical Politics, and the Minimum-Wage Law in California, 1913–1922." Journal of Policy History 5, no. 2 (April 1993): 207–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030600006710.

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In 1913 the California legislature took a momentous step to improve the wages and working conditions of its women workers by passing a controversial new form of social welfare legislation, a minimum-wage bill, which established the Industrial Welfare Commission. The mandate gave the commission extensive power: not only to establish a minimum wage for each industry employing women, but to regulate hours and working conditions as well. Although reformers had been building an edifice of protective legislation for women for three decades, the creation of a government body with such wide-ranging au

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Kelly, T. Mills. "Feminism, Pragmatism or Both? Czech Radical Nationalism and the Woman Question, 1898–1914." Nationalities Papers 30, no. 4 (December 2002): 537–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2002.10540506.

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During a debate on the franchise reform bill in the Austrian Reichsrat on 12 September 1906, the Czech National Socialist Party deputy Václav Choc demanded that suffrage be extended to women as well as men. Otherwise, Choc asserted, the women of Austria would be consigned to the same status as “criminals and children.” Choc was certainly not the only Austrian parliamentarian to voice his support for votes for women during the debates on franchise reform. However, his party, the most radical of all the Czech nationalist political factions, was unique in that it not only included women's suffrag

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Mubeen, Sadaf, Qazi Muhammad Adnan Hye, Muhammad Hassam Shahid, and Raja Rehan. "The Nexus among Family Business, Household Finances and Women Empowerment: Evidence from PDHS 2017-18." Nurture 16, no. 2 (December 21, 2022): 90–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.55951/nurture.v16i2.131.

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Purpose: This study intends to determine whether family businesses empower women, encourage their entrepreneurship, and enable them to become fully engaged in activities that generate finances by allowing them to select their own business idea. Methodology: Empowering women is crucial for accelerating economic and financial progress. The question of the economic empowerment of women is of utmost importance to political philosophers, social scientists, and reformers because it is currently thought of as a sine qua non of progress for a nation. This study examines the relationship between

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Plumb, Derek. "The Social and Economic Spread of Rural Lollardy: A Reappraisal." Studies in Church History 23 (1986): 111–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400010573.

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The evidence given us by John Foxe in his Book of Martyrs provides more information about the social and theological standing of Lollards than we know about many later religious dissidents. Recent work has added to our knowledge. Geoffrey Dickens and Claire Cross have reconsidered the place of the Lollards in the development of the English Reformation, especially in theological matters. John Thomson drew our attention to the continuity shown in some areas. Claire Cross and Margaret Aston showed the importance of women Lollards. J.F. Davis has supported the idea of a continuous movement, and st

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