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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „World War, 1914-1918, Jews”

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Data publikacji: 26 lipca 2024

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1

Feige, Edgar L., and William Velvel Moskoff. "German Jewish Soldiers and the Celebration of Yom Kippur in Wartime: Patriotic Images and Jewish Aspirations." Shofar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies 41, no. 3 (2023): 32–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sho.2023.a918854.

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Abstract: One of the enduring themes in German Jewish history has been the deep-seated desire of Jews to be fully accepted as equals by other Germans, including the right to worship freely. Their conscription and voluntary service in the military during both the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871) and World War I (1914–1918), provided an opportunity for Jews to demonstrate their fealty to the nation. Moreover, their requests for Jewish military chaplains were granted, enabling them to celebrate their traditional High Holy Days services. This article tells the story of Jewish religious worship on Y
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Koss, Andrew N. "War within, War without: Russian Refugee Rabbis during World War I." AJS Review 34, no. 2 (2010): 231–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0364009410000334.

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After the outbreak of World War I in 1914, Rabbi Ya‘akov Landa was one of some 250,000 Russian Jews who had fled, or been forcibly expelled, from their homes in Russia's western provinces to settle in the country's interior. After Landa's exile, he spent several months traveling amid refugee communities in Voronezh, Tambov, Penza, Saratov, and Samara provinces. At the conclusion of his journey, he composed a detailed report about the state of religious observance among the refugees, which he sent to Rabbi Shalom Dov-Ber Schneerson of Lubavitch. Landa's observations during these months shocked
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Panter, Sarah. "Neutral Spectators from a Distance? American Jews and the Outbreak of the First World War." Religions 9, no. 7 (2018): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel9070218.

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As the First World War broke out in 1914, American Jews seemed far away from the upheaval in Europe. Yet their role as neutral spectators from the distance was questioned right from the outset because of their diverse transcultural entanglements with Europe. Seen from a specific Jewish perspective, the war bore the potential of becoming a fratricidal war. In particular at the Eastern front it was a likely scenario that Jewish soldiers fighting on either side would have to face each other in battle. For Jews, depending on how one defined Jewishness, could be regarded as citizens of a particular
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Weeks, Theodore R. "Reading Vilna in the First World War." Colloquia 48 (December 30, 2021): 138–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.51554/coll.21.48.09.

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The outbreak of war in August 1914 marked a new era in the history of Vilna for all of the city’s inhabitants, but perhaps for the Jews most of all. The world war accelerated the processes of political and economic modernisation, to the detriment of local Jews. These processes were not, however, immediately evident to local residents, though the more far-seeing among them feared for the worst. After all, when had Jews gained from military action? In this short paper, I will give an overview of the impact of the First World War on Vilna, and highlight two specific, very different, sources: Paul
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Crim, Brian E. "“Our Most Serious Enemy”: The Specter of Judeo-Bolshevism in the German Military Community, 1914–1923." Central European History 44, no. 4 (2011): 624–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938911000665.

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That the Wehrmacht participated fully in a racial war of extermination on behalf of the National Socialist regime is indisputable. Officers and enlisted men alike accepted the logic that the elimination of the Soviet Union was necessary for Germany's survival. The Wehrmacht's atrocities on the Eastern Front are a testament to the success of National Socialist propaganda and ideological training, but the construct of “Judeo-bolshevism” originated during World War I and its immediate aftermath. Between 1918 and 1923, central Europe witnessed a surge in right-wing paramilitary violence and anti-S
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Lesser, Jeffrey. "The Immigration and Integration of Polish Jews in Brazil, 1924-1934." Americas 51, no. 2 (1994): 173–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1007924.

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The end of World War I marked the beginning of a new era in European migration to Brazil. The immigrants that had poured into the “país do futuro” (country of the future) now came at only a trickle and the number of entries fell by over fifty percent between 1913 and 1914 and by another sixty percent the year after. In 1918 fewer than 20,000 immigrants entered Brazil, a low that would not again be approached until 1936. Even so, between 1918 and 1919 the number of arrivals to Brazil's ports almost doubled, and in 1920 almost doubled again, reaching 69,000.Post-war immigrants to Brazil differed
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Le Rider, Jacques. "Les juifs viennois (1867-1914)." Austriaca 73, no. 1 (2011): 237–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/austr.2011.4951.

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The historical period of the so called “Liberal Empire” between the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 and World War I was the Golden Age of integration and assimilation of Jews within the Viennese society and at the same time the period of a deep identity crisis of the Vienne Jewry. The demographic change of the Jewish group in Vienna as a consequence of mass immigration of Eastern Jews, the political fall of the liberal party, and the spraid over of a new antisemitic cultural code forced many Jewish Jews to redefine their own conception of Jewish identity. The political engagement in the so
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Baczkowski, Michal. "Żołnierze żydowscy w armii austro-węgierskiej podczas I wojny światowej." Res Gestae 13 (January 7, 2022): 96–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/24504475.13.5.

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The military service of Jewish soldiers during World War I caused controversies, with the term“Jew” itself being problematic. In Austria-Hungary, a Jewish nationality was not recognized, andthe only criterium of identification was a declaration of practicing religion (Judaism). This isnot a problem for establishing the number of Jewish privates, but it disrupts the statistics of theofficer corps, where it was common to abandon Judaism. In the Austro-Hungarian Army, Jewshad the ability to acquire higher officer ranks (general), but in practice, this was only applicableto Jews assimilated to Ger
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9

Imiłowska-Duma, Aleksandra. "Stosunki polsko-żydowskie we Lwowie w latach 1918 – 1919 (wybrane zagadnienia)." Pomiędzy. Polonistyczno-Ukrainoznawcze Studia Naukowe 3, no. 1 (2017): 117–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppusn.2017.03.09.

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Polish-Jewish relations in Lviv 1918 – 1919 (selected issues). During World War I Lviv became a field of struggle between Poles and Ukrainians for the possession of the city. During the conflict Jews declared to be neutral. Nevertheless, when the Polish army took over the city, anti-Jewish riots started. Jews were, mainly falsely, believed to support Ukrainians. The pogrom lasted for two days (Nov 22 – 23 1918) and had a strong negative effect on the Polish-Jewish relations. Another important issue was the question of equality for Jews. Most of the Jewish political parties in Lviv understood a
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10

Silber, Marcos. "Poland? But which? Jewish Political Attitudes toward the Polish State in Formation during World War I." Przegląd Humanistyczny 63, no. 1 (464) (2019): 39–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.4973.

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What kind of country are we talking about when we speak of Poland from the perspective of the organized Jewish political leadership in Poland? What should the scope and characteristics of the new Polish state in their view be? What kind of relations should Poland have with neighbouring states, as well as within, among its various populations and societies? The paper explores the changing answers given by different political Jewish leadership in a period of liminality – the interval between two stages and two distinct situations: the imperial order (Austrian and Russian) and the Polish national
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VAN ONSELEN, CHARLES. "JEWISH POLICE INFORMERS IN THE ATLANTIC WORLD, 1880–1914." Historical Journal 50, no. 1 (2007): 119–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x06005942.

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The great migration from the tsarist empire, sparked by the assassination of Alexander II, in 1881, saw two to three million east European Jews re-settling in the great cities of the Atlantic world before the First World War. Often discriminated against in labour markets, and socially marginalized in new environments, Russo-Polish males either persisted in, or resorted to, organized crime centred on the illicit sale of alcohol, professional gambling, and prostitution to survive. Atlantic states, however, were reluctant to employ Jews as uniformed police or detectives in their fight against syn
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12

Shevchuk, Oleksandr, and Yuliia Siekunova. "The Humanitarian Mission by Jewish Joint Distribution Committee in Hungary (1914-1921)." Eminak, no. 1(41) (April 13, 2023): 116–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33782/eminak2023.1(41).625.

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The purpose of the research paper is coverage of the process of deployment of the Jewish Joint Distribution Committee’s humanitarian mission in Hungary, determination of its scope and addressees, evaluation of aid results.
 The scientific novelty is lies in the fact that for the first time the JDC’s humanitarian mission is shown in the Hungarian territories – during the First World War, as part of Austria-Hungary, after – as an independent State. The JDC’s role in helping both Hungarian Jews and refugees from the territories who suffered from hostilities is shown. The volumes of assistanc
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13

Ahonen, Paavo. "The first steps in a Judaeo-Bolshevik conspiracy." Nordisk judaistik/Scandinavian Jewish Studies 35, no. 1 (2024): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30752/nj.142240.

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At the turn of the twentieth century, Jews were mostly blamed for small-scale and local conspiracies, but during and after the First World War global antisemitic theories started to emerge. In 1917, even before the Communist revolution, rumours spread around Russia that there was a close connection between the Bolshevist movement and Jews. Fear of Communism was prevalent in Finnish society, especially after the Civil War in the spring of 1918. This article focuses on one of the main manifestations of this fear, the development and spread of the Jewish-Bolshevik conspiracy theory in the Finnish
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14

Lavrenko, Valeriia S. "Images of Jews in the minds of the Russian Administration and Society of the Front-line Zone during the First World War." Universum Historiae et Archeologiae 1, no. 1-2 (2019): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2611808.

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The article analyzes generalized visions of the Jewish population that existed during 1914–1917 in the surrounding of Russian administration and among the general population of the temporarily occupied territories of Russian empire and of its western provinces. The source base of the study is presented by documents of the gendarme agency from the collections of the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine (Kyiv). They reveal the political mood of the population, rumors and statements that potentially can destabilize the situation in the region. The sources give the following generalized cha
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15

Steer, Martina. "Nation, Religion, Gender: The Triple Challenge of Middle-Class German-Jewish Women in World War I." Central European History 48, no. 2 (2015): 176–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938915000333.

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AbstractGerman-Jewish women are elusive figures in the current literature on World War I. Looking at the complexity of their wartime experience and its consequences for the Weimar years, this article deals with Jewish middle-class women's tripartite motivation as Germans, Jews, and females to make sacrifices for the war. To that end, it traces their efforts to help Germany to victory, to gain suffrage, and to become integrated into German society. At the same time, the article shows how these women not only transformed the war into an opportunity for greater female self-determination but also
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16

Wibowo, Hanafi. "Mandat Liga Bangsa-Bangsa : Kegagalan Palestina Menjadi Negara Merdeka (1920-1948)." Buletin Al-Turas 20, no. 2 (2020): 297–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/bat.v20i2.3762.

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Abstrak Artikel ini mengkaji Palestina pada masa Mandat Inggris melalui Metode Historis dengan Pendekatan Politik. Pasca Perang Dunia Pertama (1914-1918), Inggris mendapat mandat dari Liga Bangsa Bangsa untuk mengelola administrasi bekas wilayah wilayah Arab yang sebelumnya adalah bekas wilayah Turki Usmani. Di dalam proses pengelolaan ini, terjadi permasalahan dimana muncul dua kekuatan yang saling bertentangan yaitu Zionis Yahudi sebagai pendatang baru dan rakyat Palestina sebagai penduduk asli. Keinginan Liga Bangsa Bangsa yang menugaskan Inggris untuk memberikan masing masing kedua bangsa
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17

Dmitrieva, O. P. "THE JEWISH LIBRARIES ON THE TERRITORY OF BELARUS BEFORE THE WORLD WAR I." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Humanitarian Series 63, no. 3 (2018): 297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/2524-2369-2018-63-3-297-305.

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The condition and development of the Jewish libraries on the territory of Belarus before the World War I is researched. The author emphasizes that the Jews were one of the biggest ethnic groups in the region; therefore, they influenced cultural and educational processes on the Belarusian territories, including the development of librarianship. Special attention is paid to the quantity of the Jewish population on the Belarusian territories before the World War I (1897– 1914). It is also stressed that the Jews used the oral and written language at a sufficient level: this is an important conditi
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18

Connelly, John. "Poles and Jews in the Second World War: the Revisions of Jan T. Gross." Contemporary European History 11, no. 4 (2002): 641–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777302004071.

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Jan T. Gross, Neighbors: The Destruction of the Jewish Community in Jedwabne, Poland (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001), 261 pp., ISBN 0-691-08667-2.Marek Jan Chodakiewicz, Żydzi i Polacy 1918–1955: Współistnienie – zagłada – komunizm (Warsaw: Biblioteka Frondy, 2000), 731 pp., ISBN 8-391-25418-6.Leo Cooper, In the Shadow of the Polish Eagle: The Poles, the Holocaust, and Beyond (Houndmills and New York: Palgrave, 2000), 255 pp., ISBN 0-333-75265-1.Martin Dean, Collaboration in the Holocaust: Crimes of the Local Police in Belorussia and Ukraine, 1941–44 (New York: St. Martin's Press
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19

Zieliński, Konrad. "Polish-Jewish Relations in the Kingdom of Poland During the First World War." European Journal of Jewish Studies 2, no. 2 (2008): 269–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187247109x454440.

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AbstractThe First World War, and particularly the occupation by the Central States, had a great impact upon the relations of the Jews with the Poles. During this period, Polish-Jewish relations deteriorated. The growing economic problems as well as the rise of the nationalistic mood accompanying the approaching independence supported this tendency. At the same time, the new social and political situation, the relative liberalism of the occupying forces, the free elections, the activities of self-government, and the emergence of the Polish autonomous institutions created new possibilities for P
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20

Hagen, William W. "Murder in the East: German-Jewish Liberal Reactions to Anti-Jewish Violence in Poland and Other East European Lands, 1918–1920." Central European History 34, no. 1 (2001): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156916101750149112.

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World War I intensified antisemitism everywhere in Central and Eastern Europe, both at the level of public opinion, among right-leaning political parties and, often, in government circles. The war elevated the significance of the Jewish question in other ways as well, and not only because the Balfour Declaration of 1917 conjured up a Zionist triumph. The prospect of a German victory over Russia promised a reordering under German hegemony of the civil condition and citizenly status of the east European Jews, such as the Central Powers' creation in November 1916 of the Kingdom of Poland in the h
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Mendel, Yonatan. "1914 as an inflection point: Arabic teaching in the Jewish community in Palestine." Journal of Arabic Sociolinguistics 2, no. 1 (2024): 116–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/arabic.2024.0025.

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The late Ottoman period in Palestine witnessed the establishment of some prominent Hebrew educational institutions which, in addition to Hebrew, taught Arabic and other languages. Arabic was primarily taught in Arabic by native speakers – either Palestinians of Muslim or Christian origin, or Jewish-Sephardic teachers (from Palestine or neighboring countries) who were fluent in both the language and the culture. In light of pedagogical developments in the field of Arabic studies in the Middle East, and the widespread instruction of Arabic in Jewish schools, an Arabic-language pedagogical and ed
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ALBANIS, ELISABETH. "JEWISH IDENTITY IN THE FACE OF ANTI-SEMITISM." Historical Journal 41, no. 3 (1998): 895–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x98008024.

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A history of the Jews in the English-speaking world: Great Britain. By W. D. Rubinstein, Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1996. Pp. viii+539. ISBN 0-312-12542-9. £65.00.Pogroms: anti-Jewish violence in modern Russian history. Edited by John D. Klier and Shlomo Lambroza. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. Pp. xx+393. ISBN 0-521-40532-7. £55.00.Western Jewry and the Zionist project, 1914–1933. By Michael Berkowitz. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. Pp. xvi+305. ISBN 0-521-47087-0. £35.00.Three books under review deal from different perspectives with the responses of Jews in Western a
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23

Zyskina, Esther. "From Ally to Enemy: the Ottoman Empire in Publicistic Works by Ephraim Deinard." Tirosh. Jewish, Slavic & Oriental Studies 18 (2018): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2658-3380.2018.18.2.2.

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The paper considers is the transformation of the image of the Ottoman Empire in the publicistic texts by Ephraim Deinard, outstand ing Jewish writer and journalist of the turn of the 19th and 20th centu ries. The research was based on two Deinard’s works, “Atidot Israel” (“The Future of Israel”, 1892) and “Tzion be’ad mi?” (“Zion for Whom?”, 1918), which deal with a variety of topics, including Deinard’s opinion on the Ottoman Empire. In particular, the radical change of his position from the statements in “Atidot Israel” to those in “Tzion be’ad mi?” is observed. Deinard discusses the followi
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Salivon, Elisha. "What Does Jewish Praying Book from the World War Tell: after the Publication by Rabbi Dr. Sali Levy." Tirosh. Jewish, Slavic & Oriental Studies 18 (2018): 110–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2658-3380.2018.18.3.2.

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This paper presents an article by Rabbi Dr. S. Levi published in 1921 in Monatsschrift für Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judentums about French Jewish army rabbis and Jewish praying books from World War One distributed among Jewish soldiers in French Army. Levi served himself as an Army Rabbi in German army. He used his own experience to highlight the most interesting and significant features of French approach toward Jewish military service in time of war. This article of Rabbi Levi serves as an example of continuation of the pre-war GermanJewish self-identification as both culturally Germa
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25

Ashworth, Lucian M. "Warriors, pacifists and empires: race and racism in international thought before 1914." International Affairs 98, no. 1 (2022): 281–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiab199.

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Abstract Before 1914 scholars of international thought frequently relied on racist arguments, yet the ways that race was used varied widely from author to author. This article charts the way that race was used by two groups of Anglophone writers. The warriors used biological arguments to construct views of international affairs that relied on racist analysis. Pacifists might have used racist language that relied more on cultural prejudices, and would often base their more progressive views of international affairs on the idea of a civilizing mission. Using A. T. Mahan and Brooks Adams as exemp
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PASTERNAK, Vasylyna. "Changes in the national composition and symbols of Zhovkva’s urban space as a result of the Second World War." Ukraine-Poland: Historical Heritage and Public Consciousness 12 (2019): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/up.2019-12-77-87.

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Before the war, urban symbolic space of Zhovkva was divided between several national groups – Ukrainians, Poles and Jews, who created the culture and history of the city. The foundations for such cohabitation were laid during the construction of the city by the Field Crown Hetman Stanisław Żółkiewski, and survived until the start of the war, as evidenced by the memories of its inhabitants. Therefore, the article explains how the ethnic composition of the city’s population has changed and its further influence on the symbolism of the urban space. Subsequently of the dramatic events of the Secon
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Rybak, Jan. "Racialization of Disease: The Typhus-Epidemic, Antisemitism and Closed Borders in German-Occupied Poland, 1915–1918." European History Quarterly 52, no. 3 (2022): 461–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02656914221103467.

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This article analyses responses to the typhus epidemic in German-occupied Poland during the First World War. The German conquest of the Kingdom of Poland in 1915 not only instated a new political regime, but also brought about social misery on an unprecedented scale. Especially in larger cities, the poor segments of the population were made homeless or cramped into tiny apartments and suffered from hunger and disease. From 1915 outbreaks of typhus occurred in major cities, often found amongst the Jewish population. The German occupiers forcefully responded by fumigating houses, quarantining su
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Bezarov, Oleksandr. "The Phenomenon of Interethnic Tolerance in Bukovyna (1861-1914): the History of the Bukovynian Jews." Науковий вісник Чернівецького національного університету імені Юрія Федьковича. Історія 2, no. 46 (2017): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/hj2017.46.67-75.

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The article analyzes the phenomenon of interethnic tolerance in Bukovyna during the period of 1861-1914 on the example from the history of the Bukovynian Jews. The importance of the concept of «Bukovynism», by which modern scholars consider the phenomenon of interethnic and interconfessional tolerance in Bukovyna, is mentioned. It is proved that mutual understanding in the political and socio-cultural space of Bukovyna was achieved due to the efforts of the Austrian administration during 1861-1914. Among the factors contributing to the establishment of political consensus here, the author name
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Bystryk, Aliaksandr. "Enemies within, Enemies without: the Ideology of a Conservative West-Russianist Newspaper During World War I (1914–1915)." Journal of Belarusian Studies 9, no. 1 (2020): 74–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/20526512-12340005.

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Abstract This paper deals with the topic of conservative West-Russianist ideology and propaganda during World War I. The author analyzes the most prominent newspaper of the movement at the time – Severo-Zapadnaia Zhizn (The North-Western Life). The discourse of the newspaper is analyzed from the perspective of Belarusian nation-building, as well as from the perspective of Russian nationalism in the borderlands. The author explores the ways in which the creators of the periodical tried to use the rise of the Russian patriotic feelings to their advantage. Appealing to the heightened sense of nat
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Kwoka, Tomasz. "Etnotopografia Nowego Sadu – o dziedzictwie narodów osiedlających się w Nowym Sadzie." Balcanica Posnaniensia. Acta et studia 24 (February 20, 2018): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/bp.2017.24.8.

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The article is an attempt to catalogue the most interesting traces of the presence of nations which were part of the Novi Sad community throughout the ages. From the very beginning of its existence, Novi Sad was a meeting place for different ethnic and cultural groups settling down in the city. Serbs from the surrounding countryside moved to the oldest districts of Novi Sad, Podbara, Salajka, and Rotkvarija, at the beginning of the 18th century. At the same period nations from different parts of the Habsburg Empire, such as Germans, Hungarians, Slovaks and Ruthenians brought by Habsburgs to co
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Waligórska, Magdalena. "On the Genealogy of the Symbol of the Cross in the Polish Political Imagination." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 33, no. 2 (2019): 497–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325418821415.

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This article traces the genealogy of the cross as a key Polish national symbol back to the independence struggles of the nineteenth century and the post-1918 attempts to map the new Polish nation-state over its multiethnic territory. Discussing the shifting meaning ascribed to the symbol in the changing political conditions in the 1860s and during the Second Republic, the article relates the semantic content of the symbol to the cycle of solidification and defiance (corresponding with Victor Turner’s “structure” and “anti-structure”). While, in conditions of defiance, during the January Uprisi
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Wierzbieniec, Wacław. "The Consequences of the Lviv Pogrom on November 22–23, 1918, in Light of the Findings and Actions of the Jewish Rescue Committee." Scripta Judaica Cracoviensia 18 (2021): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20843925sj.20.003.13871.

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In the areas that became part of the Second Polish Republic, manifestations of antisemitism became more pronounced at the end of World War I and at the beginning of the interwar period. These manifestations often turned into acts of violence against Jews, as became apparent in many towns with Jewish populations. The Lviv pogrom on November 22–23, 1918 was particularly devastating. The Jewish Rescue Committee, established at Lviv at that time, was very active in providing help to the injured, determining the number of casualties and wounded, and determining the extent of material damage resulti
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Orbán, Imre. "Az egyházak helyzete Makón az őszirózsás forradalom idején." Belvedere Meridionale 33, no. 2 (2021): 5–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/belv.2021.2.1.

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With a population of more than 35,000, Makó was one of the most populous and important cities in Hungary. Makó was the seat of Csanád county. Its religious life was characterized by diversity. The Reformed Church was the largest. The Roman Catholic Church was strong, with a significant Greek Catholic and Lutheran community. Almost two thousand Jews also lived in the city. Several church schools operated here. After the lost World War I, Hungary, which had been part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy until then, declared its independence. The Aster Revolution of 1918 created completely new condit
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Neumann, Victor. "Timişoara between “fictive ethnicity” and “ideal nation” the identity profile during the interwar period." Balcanica, no. 44 (2013): 391–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/balc1344391n.

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Seeking to delineate the identity profile of the citizens of interwar Timi?oara, a city at the crossroad of Central- and South-East-European cultures and civilizations, the paper analyzes the national, linguistic and religious population structure using the data provided by three censuses (1910, 1930 and 1941). Under Hungarian rule, until the First World War, there prevailed the policy of linguistic nationalism. After 1918, in Romania, there occurred a policy shift towards ethno-culturally based differentiation, i.e. towards belonging to a nation. Yet, amidst the interaction of cultures and cu
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Hetnal, Adam A. "Stephen D. Corrsin, Warsaw before the First World War: Poles and Jews in the Third City of the Russian Empire 1880-1914." Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry 6, no. 1 (1991): 325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/polin.1991.6.325.

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Likhvar, V. V. "International legal regulation of the use of reprisals as a form of political responsibility of states." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 1 (March 20, 2024): 703–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2024.01.124.

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The article attempts to determine the principles of international legal regulation of the use of reprisals as a form of political responsibility in international law, since reprisals are illegal actions committed in response to previous illegal actions of the state, proportional to the initial offense. International law has changed the application of the doctrine of retaliation to avoid an upward spiral of violence where one side retaliates against the illegal actions of another, causing ever more violent bloodshed, while the laws of war are meant to regulate and limit such harm. Theoretical p
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TYMOSHENKO, Leonid. "Ukrainian Language Publications of Aron Zhupnyk’s Printing House in Drohobych." Наукові зошити історичного факультету Львівського університету / Proceedings of History Faculty of Lviv University, no. 23 (June 8, 2022): 165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/fhi.2022.22-23.3608.

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In the intellectual space and public life of Drohobych private publishers created the city's book culture in their printing houses. The first printer in Drohobych is considered to be Aron Hersch Zhupnik, who founded the newspaper “Drohobyczer Zeitung” in 1883. Later, the Drohobych publisher continued to print products for Jews and Poles. However, he also contributed to Ukrainian-language publications. In 1887, A. Zhupnyk's printing house published the first Ukrainian-language brochure in Drohobych. Before the First World War, Zhupnyk printed a Ukrainian postcard in Drohobych. In 1911–1912 he p
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38

Denezhuk, Artem Naskidovich, and Andrey Sergeevich Mikaelian. "WORLD WAR I 1914-1918." News of scientific achievements, no. 6 (2019): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36616/2618-7612-2019-6-18-20.

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Manojlovski, Aleksandar. "Sjećanja sarajevskog jevreja Benjamina Samokovlije – Damjana o njegovom učešću u narodnooslobodilačkom i antifašističkom ratu u Jugoslaviji (1941-1945)." Historijski pogledi 5, no. 8 (2022): 165–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.52259/historijskipogledi.2022.5.8.165.

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Benjamin Samokovlija (Sarajevo, 31.III.1918 - Skopje, 28.II.1996), comes from a Jewish family. On April 5, 1941 he was mobilized in the ranks of the army of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. In the second half of August 1941, Benjamin joined the ranks of the National Liberation Army and the People's Liberation Army. He took part in numerous battles in the anti-fascist war for the liberation of Yugoslavia. After the Fourth Enemy Offensive of the Supreme Headquarters of the People's Liberation Army and Partisan Detachments of Yugoslavia which took place in the first half of 1943, Samokovlija together w
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Novikova, Liudmyla. "HISTORY OF JEWS IN UKRAINE IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY AS A SUBJECT OF TEACHING AT A UNIVERSITY: METHODICAL DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIAL COURSES." Chornomors’ka Mynuvshyna, no. 18 (December 28, 2023): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2519-2523.2023.18.292470.

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One of the methodological paradigms in teaching the history of Ukraine as a Ukrainian political nation is a multiethnic approach, in this connection the urgent task is to develop university courses, the purpose of which should be the disclosure of mutual intersections and the specifics of the historical development of individual ethnic groups or national minorities as components of Ukrainian society. The proposed projects of general and local history courses «Jews in Ukraine in the Twentieth Century: People, Events, and Places in the Context of Transformation of Social Landscape» and «The Jewi
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Ivanova, Natalia. "Petrograd: First World War (1914–1918)." Cahiers Bruxellois – Brusselse Cahiers XLVI, no. 1E (2014): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/brux.046e.0159.

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Kassow, Samuel D. "Warsaw Before the First World War: Poles and Jews in the Third City of the Russian Empire, 1880-1914. By Stephen Corrsin. Boulder: East European Monographs, 1989. 183 pp. Tables. Bibliography. Index. Hard bound." Slavic Review 52, no. 1 (1993): 137–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2499606.

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Nolan, Cathal J. "Civilians in a World at War, 1914–1918." International History Review 34, no. 3 (2012): 619–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2012.718125.

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Kahn, Marcel-Francis. "The World War I (1914–1918) and rheumatology." Joint Bone Spine 81, no. 5 (2014): 384–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbspin.2014.04.015.

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Gregory, Dr Adrian. "Civilians in a world at war, 1914–1918." First World War Studies 4, no. 2 (2013): 274–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19475020.2013.843885.

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Lazarovici-Vereș, Raluca. "From the Ghetto to Auschwitz and Back – Transgenerational Trauma." Trimarium 4, no. 4 (2023): 266–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.55159/tri.2023.0104.11.

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A city in present-day Romania with a multicultural, multiethnic and multiconfessional history, Oradea (Nagyvarad, Grosswardein, Varadino, Magnum Varadinum) has had from its very foundation an entirely distinct geopolitical reality, its century-long existence being marked by a wide variety and continuous differentiation, which penetrate deeply into every aspect of everyday community life. The Jewish community, actively present since the 18th century, carved out a place for itself and represented a hub of Jewish emancipation in the episcopal city, which was often a battleground for the hegemonic
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M L, Revanna. "Problems of Industrialization Mysore -1914 -1918." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 8, S1-Feb (2021): 254–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v8is1-feb.3962.

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During the First World War period, despite the best efforts by the Government of Mysore it was difficult to start and run many industries which required large -scale import of machineries. The First World War had broken the regular commercial traffic between Europe, the Mediterranean and India. On the one hand, the state escaped from the reckless floatation of companies that characterized the boom that followed the war, but some capital was invested in shares in outside companies. However as far as the investment in the new industries was concerned, capital was certainly shy in Mysore during t
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Laskier, Michael M. "Egypt and Beyond: The Jews of the Arab Countries in Modern Times - Gudrun Krämer. The Jews in Modern Egypt, 1914–1952. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1989. x, 319 pp." AJS Review 16, no. 1-2 (1991): 199–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0364009400003172.

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Gudrun Krämer's study on the Jews of Egypt is divided into five sections: Communal Structure and Composition; Communal Organization; Socioeconomic and Political Change (1914–1918); Jewish Reactions to Political Change: Egyptian Patriotism, Communism, and Zionism; and The Beginning of the End: Egyptianization, the Arab-Israeli War, and the Burning of Cairo.
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Salevouris, Michael. "Bourne, Britain And The Great War, 1914-1914." Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 17, no. 1 (1992): 41–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.17.1.41-42.

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"War," said Thomas Paine, "involves in its progress such a train of unforseen and unsupposed circumstances that no human wisdom can calculate the end." History is replete with examples of wars that didn't exactly go as planners planned, but one conflict above all, the "Great War" of 1914-1918, has been responsible for our contemporary fear of the "unforseen and unsupposed circumstances" of war. The short, heroic, victorious war that most Europeans foresaw in August, 1914, became an unimaginable tragedy that buried a generation in the mud of the western front. It is, therefore, not surprising t
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Gregory, Adrian. "1914–1918: The History of the First World War." English Historical Review 120, no. 488 (2005): 1056–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cei347.

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