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1
Västerlund, Therese. ""Tänk hur många killar vi hade räddat om vi hade låtit dem läsa faktatext om bilar eller grodor" : En empirisk studie om lärares stöttning och utmaning i läsning av faktatexter i år 4 - 6". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för svenska språket (SV), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105242.
Resumo:
Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur lärare från olika skolor arbetar med faktatexter i skolan utifrån ett teoretiskt ramverk som grundar sig i det sociokulturella perspektivet i kombination med Gibbons fyrfältsmodell bestående av olika zoner av lärande där den ultimata zonen för lärande är utvecklingszonen där eleverna får mycket stöttning i kombination med hög kognitiv utmaning. Genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem lärare verksamma i årskurserna 4 - 6 kunde studiens data samlas in och datan analyserades sedan utefter frågeställningarna som handlar om hur elever stöttas och utmanas i läsandet av faktatexter. Resultatet visade att lärarna stöttar eleverna på många olika vis, bland annat genom att välja texter kopplade till kontextuella sammanhang samt genom att ha gemensamma läsningar och genomgångar av texter. De utmanar elever på olika sätt, bland annat genom att välja en lite svårare text för att säkerställa att alla elever tar sig igenom en lärandezon. En slutsats är dock att mer fokus läggs på stöttning än på utmaning. Detta stämmer väl överens med tidigare forskning som visat hur elever får stöttning för att bygga upp de olika lässtrategier som behövs för att läsa och förstå en text, men också att det tycks finnas mindre kunskap om hur utmaningen ska gå till. Studiens didaktiska implikationer är att mer fokus bör läggas på hur elever kan utmanas i läsning av faktatexter för att säkerställa att alla elever hamnar i en lärandezon.
2
Luckin, Rosemary. "ECOLAB : explorations in the zone of proximal development". Thesis, University of Sussex, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388676.
3
Carrig, Carol A. "An Intervention Specialist's Journey Through the Zone of Proximal Development". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1460491585.
4
Sluss, Dorothy Justus. "Play as the zone of proximal development: collaborative constructive block play". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40230.
5
Moore, Sofia A. Rhodes Dent. "Theoretical and practical perspectives on Vygotsky's concept of the zone of proximal development". Normal, Ill. : Illinois State University, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p3128283.
Resumo:
Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 2004.Title from title page screen, viewed Jan. 6, 2005. Dissertation Committee: Dent M. Rhodes (chair), Cathy Toll, Donna Adair Breault. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 199-213) and abstract. Also available in print.
6
Brėdikytė, M. (Milda). "The zones of proximal development in children’s play". Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2011. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514296147.
Resumo:
Abstract This study investigates the relationship between play and child development. This work is the continuation of a thesis on children’s verbal creativity stimulated by dialogical drama intervention which I defended in 2001 at the Vilnius Pedagogical University, Lithuania. The first doctoral thesis in educology resulted in the main intervention method (Dialogical Drama with Puppets) used in this project. The theoretical framework of the study is based on cultural-historical theories developed by Vygotsky and his followers. This approach has influenced on the methodological choices of the study and the concept of the zone of proximal development is a central concept in Vygotskian theory of human cultural development. The concept has been elaborated in an earlier publication (Hakkarainen & Bredikyte 2008) and is now used as an analytic tool. Other theoretical concepts of Vygotsky like the social situation of development, the unit, environment and mechanism of development are used. This study is a small sample from the whole research project, which integrated research studies, theoretical courses and practice of master’s degree students in early education. For families and children the project was a play club. From the theoretical point of view the project was a “genetic experiment”, a “playworld” and intervention study aiming at joint creative play of adults and children. In cultural-historical theory (cultural) environment is the source of qualitative developmental changes of individuals, but each child has to be motivated and self carry out developmental acts. These theoretical principles require special forms of social interaction “mutual interventions”. The methodological approach opens a new perspective to the study of play and development. Individual play development of some children is followed up several years. Cumulative effects and qualitative changes can be detected easier in this setting. Multi-age child groups change our understanding about play development. Empirical part of this study consists of a few cases, which demonstrate what kind of developmental trajectories are possible. It is impossible to tell exactly what the effect of our play environment is, but observations and interpretations can guide further research activity. The results of this study demonstrate in which conditions narrative intervention in joint playworld environment can lead to creative acts, what steps are necessary in the development of joint play, how mutuality in adult-child play supports child development, and what elements are essential in play producing pedagogy and professional growthTiivistelmä Tämä tutkimus selvittää leikin ja lasten kehityksen välistä yhteyttä. Siinä työssä jatkuu tekijän edellisessä Vilnan pedagogisen yliopiston edukologian väitöskirjassa 2001 aloittama lasten luovuuden tutkimus dialogista draamaa käyttäen. Tämä tutkimus tuotti keskeisen intervention menetelmän (Dialoginen nukkedraama), jota nyt käytetään. Tämän tutkimuksen viitekehys perustuu Vygotskin ja hänen seuraajiensa kehittelemään kulttuuri-historialliseen teoriaan. Metodologiset ratkaisut ja Vygotskin kulttuurisen kehityksen teorian keskeinen käsite – lähikehityksen vyöhyke – ovat vaikuttaneet tutkimuksen toteutukseen. Tätä käsitettä on kehitelty aikaisemmassa julkaisussa (Hakkarainen & Bredikyte, 2008) ja sitä käytetään nyt analyyttisenä työvälineenä. Vygotskin muitakin teoreettisia käsitteitä kuten ”kehityksen sosiaalinen tilanne”, ”kehityksen analyysiyksikkö”, ”kehityksen ympäristö”, ja ”kehitysmekanismi” on otettu käyttöön. Tämä tutkimus on pieni siivu koko tutkimusprojektista, johon kytkeytyi varhaiskasvatuksen maisteriopiskelijoiden tutkimusopintoja, teoriakursseja ja harjoittelua. Perheiden ja osallistuvien lasten näkökulmasta projekti oli leikkikerho. Teoreettiselta näkökulmalta projektin ydin oli ”geneettinen eksperimentti”, ”leikkimaailma” ja ”interventiotutkimus”, joka pyrkii saamaan aikaan aikuisten ja lasten yhteistä luovaa leikkiä. Kulttuuri-historiallisessa teoriassa (psykologinen/ kulttuurinen) ymäristö on yksilön laadullisten kehityksen muutosten lähde, mutta jokaisen lapsen on oltava motivoitunut ja itse toteutettava kehittävät teot. Nämä teoreettiset periaatteet edellyttävät erityistä sosiaalisen vuorovaikutuksen muotoa ”vastavuoroista interventiota”. Käytetty metodologinen lähestymistapa avaa uuden mahdollisuuden tutkia leikkiä ja kehitystä. Joidenkin yksittäisten lasten leikin kehitystä on voitu seurata useita vuosia. Kasautuvat vaikutukset ja laadulliset muutokset voidaan todeta helpommin tällaisella tutkimusotteella. Eri-ikäisten lasten yhteiset leikkiryhmät auttavat ymmärtämään paremmin leikin olemusta ja kehitystä. Tutkimuksen empiirinen osa muodostuu yksitäistapauksista, jotka kertovat millaiset kehityskaaret ovat mahdollisia. Tarkkoja syitä ja seurauksia ei ole mahdollista leikkiympäristössä osoittaa, mutta havainnot ja tulkinnat ohjaavat jatkotutkimusta. Tutkimuksen tulokset kertovat millaisissa olosuhteissa narratiivinen interventio yhteisessä leikkiympäristössä voi johtaa luoviin tekoihin, miten yhteinen leikki voi kehittyä ja kehittää, millainen vastavuoroisuus aikuisen ja lasten leikissä tukee kehitystä sekä mitkä asiat ovat välttämättömiä leikin pedagogiikassa ja ammatillisessa kasvussa
7
Rutland, Adam. "Measuring the zone of proximal development : studies of map-use in children with learning difficulties". Thesis, University of Stirling, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3519.
Resumo:
The value of measuring Vygotsky's 'zone of proximal development' (ZPD) is the main concern of this thesis. The theory and research described in the thesis examines the psychological and educational purpose of measuring the ZPD within the context of children's representational skills. The first chapter discusses the development of children's ability to understand and use spatial representations. Recent research in developmental psychology is criticised for measuring the ZPD and claiming that the ZPD corresponds to children's individual developmental level. The experiments in Chapter 2 show that previous research has overestimated the representational ability of young children and that a children's potential development is different from their actual development, as assessed by the ZPD. Chapter 3 examines the origins of Vygotsky's sociocultural theory and the ZPD within Soviet psychology and Hegelian philosophy. The next chapter presents contemporary interpretations of the ZPD which have to varying degrees attempted to extend this concept. The idea of dynamic assessment is introduced in this chapter and experiments using this notion are described in detail. Preliminary studies are described in Chapter 5, which examine the possible need for measurement of the ZPD and they also choose appropriate samples, methods and apparatus for future experiments which aim to measure the ZPD within a spatial task. The sixth chapter consists of three experimental studies, which all attempted to measure the ZPD using dynamic assessment techniques. These studies showed that measurement of the ZPD could provide important diagnostic information about children's spatial ability beyond that given by individual tests of intelligence. This was especially true in the case of children with learning difficulties. The results of all the experiments in the thesis are discussed in relation to measurement of the ZPD and its value within developmental psychology and educational psychology.
8
Vellos, Renira Elyodi. "Re-engagement in learning contexts : negotiations between adults and youths in the zone of proximal development". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/6349.
Resumo:
Framed by sociocultural theory, this study used participant observations and active interviews to examine the classroom practices of adults and youths at one alternative high school. Constant comparative analysis and a participation framework used as a heuristic device to organize data foregrounded the social and discursive practices that both were constituted by and constitutive of an engaging learning context. This study advances a sociocultural model for engagement based on the community of difference that youths and adults co-constructed. It highlights the key role of adults and other mediational means in mediating relationships that promote engaging learning contexts. Though alternative high schools are symptomatic of the contradictions inherent in the process of schooling, for the adults and youths who participate in them, they are often rich learning communities.
9
Abtahi, Yasaman. "Things Kids Think With: The Role of the Physical Properties of Mathematical Tools in Children's Learning in the Context of Addition of Fractions". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35265.
Resumo:
This research was designed to examine the role of the physical properties of the mathematical tools, in children’s learning in the context of adding two fractions. My two research questions were: (1) How does the feedback from the mathematical tools play a mediating role between the physical actions of the child with respect to the mathematical affordances of the tools and the child’s thinking about and learning and knowing of solving addition of fractions problems? And (2) What role is played by mathematical tools in the emergence of a Zone of Proximal Development during the child’s solving of addition of fractions problems? To address these questions, I interviewed 13 grade 7 students in Ottawa, Ontario, in groups of two and in three rounds of 30-minute interviews per group. The results showed that the physical properties of the tools play a role in how children perceived the mathematical affordances of the tool, attached mathematical meaning to the tools, created mathematical artefacts and solved the addition of fractions problems. Moreover, the findings show that in children’s interactions with mathematical tools, at times, the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) emerged, with the guidance provided by the tools. I conclude that children’s interaction with the tools provided them the possibility of learning newer forms of reflections, expressions and actions in relation to adding two fractions. This learning was a result of a complex and intertwined relationship between the immediate physical properties and affordances of the tool, the traces of the thoughts of the designer of the tools, as well as the children’s previous knowing of fractions. With this study, I extend the Vygotskian notion of the more knowledgeable other within the ZPD to include not only agents (children and adults) but also tools.
10
Spielman-Davidson, Sylvia Justina. "Collaborative dialogues in the zone of proximal development, grade eight French immersion students learning the conditional tense". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0015/NQ53714.pdf.
11
Menendez, Rita Maria. "Cultural-Historical Activity Perspectives on the Effects of Participation in Teacher-Mediated, Computer-Mediated Reading Instruction". Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/353.
Resumo:
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of participation in Read 180, a teacher-mediated, computer-mediated reading instruction program, on the reading proficiency of 4th and 5th grade English Language Learners. The students who participated in the Read 180 program scored below the 25th percentile on the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT). Cultural-historical activity theory guided the research. Research questions for the study were answered with quantitative and qualitative methods. The questions asked were: 1. What are the effects of participation in Read 180, a teacher-mediated computer-mediated-integrated learning system that provides reading instruction, on the growth in reading proficiency of a group of participating English Language Learners? 2. What are the effects of participation in Read 180, a teacher-mediated computer-mediated integrated learning system that provides reading instruction, on the reading achievement of a group of participating English Language Learners when compared with the reading achievement of a group of English Language Learners with similar characteristics receiving reading instruction supported by a reading basal program? 3. How does the mediated structure of Read 180, a teacher-mediated, computer-mediated integrated learning activity system that provides reading instruction and surrounding activity systems interact to affect learning? Data analysis revealed that the fourth and fifth grade experimental group significantly improved their proficiency on the Scholastic Reading Inventory. Analysis of pre- and post-test scores obtained with the Florida Comprehensive Assessment (FCAT) of fourth and fifth grade experimental and control groups were not statistically significant. Qualitative findings indicated that the organization of classroom instruction had a significant impact on the quality of instruction. A discussion of the findings presents several implications and recommendations for future research on teacher-mediated, computer-mediated reading instruction.
12
Yaakub, Baiduriah. "Graphing calculators and the zone of proximal development : a study of fourteen year old Malaysian students development of graphical concepts with technology". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10020421/.
Resumo:
This study investigates 14 year-old students' development of graphical concepts using graphing calculators. Two learning models based on two broad interpretations of Vygotsky's "zone of proximal development" were implemented to gauge the role of graphing calculators in technology-based learning. Epistemological case studies were used to ascertain the extent to which the graphing calculator facilitated the learning of key graphical concepts. To this end, students of different levels of mathematical attainment were observed to determine the different kinds of understanding they derived from using the technology. The 24 students participating in the study were pre and post tested, and formed into two groups. One group was taught according to a structured, teacher-led learning model, and the other group was taught according to an open-ended, activity-led learning model. What emerges from the study is the complexity of the teaching and learning situation when technology is incorporated. A student's learning of graphical concepts with the graphing calculator was the result of an interplay between his/her knowledge of the functionality of the graphing calculator, existing mathematical knowledge and the nature of teacher intervention. The use of the graphing calculator raises the issues of the ordering or sequencing of learning of graphs from simple linear equations to those perceived as more complex polynomials. With the graphing calculator, students were able to learn much more than was thought possible. Changes in students' mathematical learning were accompanied by a change in the role of the calculator from a static display tool to a mediational tool. The study also highlights the issues of teachers' roles when technology is incorporated including teacher's content knowledge, and the ways in which teachers intervene with students, in particular how teachers deal with students' semantic and syntactic errors in using the calculator.
13
Bedell, Robert Irving. "Journey of Rediscovery: Less Control for More Learning". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27836.
Resumo:
Good student evaluations are not always the measure of a successful class, and in spite of my consistently high student evaluations, I knew something had been lost in my classes. In an effort to revitalize my teaching, to increase both student participation and instructor satisfaction, I undertook an experiment in which I taught two sections of the same literature survey differently. One class was taught as I had, of recent years, been teaching: primarily lecture. The second class was decentralized: circled seating arrangement, all participants (including me) seated, and a required student literary response journal.
Change is much easier decided upon than implemented. Instructor discomfort when climbing out of teaching ruts can be strong enough to impede progress (temporarily) but is a sure sign of growth Although the decentralized classroom increases a sense of vulnerability, it also increases camaraderie. Class discussion can and does veer in unexpected directions but also leads to unanticipated insights and increased student involvement with the material. The instructor's job becomes more complicated because although there must be latitude for a range of responses, the class discussion must not be allowed to drift totally off topic. Thus, the instructor must have the restraint to allow students to express and defend their ideas, and must not rein in apparent misdirections too quickly. To do so would risk stifling student involvement and precluding significant new insights. One casualty of increased student participation in discussion is the amount of material that can be covered. The physical arrangement of a class in a circle encourages student discussion, but that decentralization is really more a function of attitude than of physical space.
An essential component of the successful discussion class is the student literary response journal. The journal encourages students to focus on and wrestle with the reading assignment. In the process they can hone their analytic skills, preview and practice articulating their ideas, generate ideas for formal essays, and receive private, non-threatening encouragement from the instructor.Ed. D.
14
Wiles, Bradford Broyhill. "Toward a theory of how young children learn to read in the ZPD: Implications for research and practice". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32058.
Resumo:
The purpose of this position paper is to propose a comprehensive theoretical model of
what can and does occur in the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) to extend thinking,
learning and construction of meaning within a shared reading activity setting, including
the development and emergence of language, literacy and social skills. By incorporating
Lev Vygotskyâ s sociocultural perspective, Jean Piagetâ s dialectical learning, and the
concepts of metacognition, mindfulness, and mind-mindedness, a model depicting the
dynamics of a shared reading activity is proposed. Implications for research and practice
are discussed, including suggestions for future research and ways to foster effective
teaching practices.Master of Science
15
Ireland, Dennis V. "Enhancing student performance in the Australian Mathematics Competition : a heuristic-based intervention technique using Vygotsky's 'Zone of proximal development' principle". Curtin University of Technology, Science and Mathematics Education Centre, 1985. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=10076.
Resumo:
The purpose of this study was to attempt to enhance performance in the Australian Mathematics Competition of a group of Western Australian Year 9 students, to a level beyond that which they might have been expected to attain, through the use of a heuristic-based intervention technique using Vygotsky's zone of proximal development principle.Since 1978, students of mathematics in Australian high schools have been meeting the challenge of the Australian Mathematics Competition. This national competition aims to provide students with a sense of achievement in mathematics and to emphasise the importance of this subject in the high school curriculum.Vygotsky's zone of proximal development refers to the difference between a student's actual developmental level and the student's potential developmental level given adult assistance. In effect, this means that while students may achieve to a plane commensurate with their actual developmental level, they will progress into their zone of proximal development with assistance and their level of achievement will rise. Vygotsky's concept of Intervention coupled with Siegler's concept of heuristic-based strategy learning provided a methodology suitable for enhancing and maximising developmental effects in this study.The study involved three distinct stages: the preparatory phase, the treatment phase and the concluding phase.In the preparatory phase, student's actual developmental levels were determined based on their performance in the 1979 Junior level Australian Mathematics Competition paper. This data facilitated identifying the paths that learning should follow in order that students' problem solving skills should improve. During this phase, students also attempted an Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER) test entitled 'Test's of Reasoning in Mathematics' (TRIM). This measure was used to monitor expected development ++in mathematics reasoning ability for students over the period of the study.The treatment phase involved the students in over 35 hours of instruction which exposed them to a heuristic-based intervention technique designed to enhance their performance in problem solving. Students practised various problem solving techniques and the Australian Mathematics Competition ittself became the focus for improved performance.An index of improvement was provided in the concluding phase of the study by scores obtained from the treatment group on the 1982 Intermediate level Australian Mathematics Competition paper. Scores were significantly higher than the national average of either the Year 9 or Year 10 groups. The second ACER 'TRIM' test verified that the students achieved their expected development in mathematics reasoning ability during the study.The implication of this result is that the practice of restricting students to year groups or courses on the basis of age should be examined in the light of the Vygotskian principle.
16
Gustafsson, Marina, e Lina Wallgren. "Lärarstudenters möte med matematik : från grundskola till högskola". Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-4899.
Resumo:
Alla människor bär på erfarenheter och upplevelser av olika slag. Frågan är hur våra tidigare erfarenheter påverkar oss. Studien belyser några lärarstudenters berättelser om mötet med ämnet matematik från grundskola till högskola. Studien behandlar faktorer i erhållen undervisning av betydelse för utvecklingen inom ämnet, samt hur tidigare erfarenheter kan komma att påverka den egna undervisningen i matematik. Eftersom studien inriktar sig på lärarstudenters berättelser användes en narrativ ansats med kvalitativa intervjuer som metod. Resultatet visar att matematikundervisningen i skolan har präglat lärarstudenterna på olika sätt. Några delger sina negativa erfarenheter medan andra berättar om sina positiva upplevelser. En slutsats som går att dra utifrån studien är att lärarstudenterna kan komma att påverkas av sina tidigare erfarenheter när de i framtiden skall utforma en egen undervisning. När lärarstudenterna beskriver hur de vill planera en matematikundervisning redogör de för en undervisning som skulle ha tillgodosett deras behov som elever i grundskolan. I diskussionen förs ett resonemang om hur lärande kan ske och matematikbokens betydelse i undervisningen.Every human being carries experiences of different kinds. The question is how we are affected by our early experiences. The study highlights a few student teachers and their meeting with math from elementary school to university. The study deals with factors obtained in the education, of the importance of developments in the subject and how past experiences might affect their own teaching of mathematics. Since the study focuses on student teachers’ statements, was a narrative approach to qualitative interviewing method used. The result indicates that mathematic teaching in school has characterized the student teachers in different ways. Some communicates their negative experiences while others tell about their positive experiences. A potential conclusion of this study is that student teachers can be effected by their earlier experiences, when they are about to form an education of their own. When the student teachers describe how they form their mathematic teaching, they communicate about an education that would have seized their own needs as students in elementary school. In the discussion there is reasoning about learning and the importance of the textbook used in mathematics education.
17
Lindberg, Anna-Lovisa. "Luft ur ett sociokulturellt perspektiv : En undersökning om hur barn i fem års ålder beskriver begreppet luft och dess egenskaper med hjälp av artefakter". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för pedagogiska studier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-43588.
Resumo:
The purpose of this study is to find out how five-year-old children describe air and its properties from a sociocultural perspective. Semi-structured group interviews with children two and two were performed with artifacts to give the children something to discuss around. As artifacts were a plastic bag, balloon pump, balloon, scale, pinwheel and soap bubbles used. The children show ability to use air and other concepts related to air, an example being blow, to describe the activities connected to the artifacts. The children can describe the properties of air with the help of artifacts and each other and the properties described were air exists, take up space, can be captured, be moved, weigh, is invisible, can be used as a force and is everywhere. The children did not relate the contents of soap bubbles to air.Syftet med undersökningen är att ta reda på hur femåringar beskriver luft och dess egenskaper utifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv. Semistrukturerade gruppintervjuer med barn två och två genomfördes där artefakter valdes för att barnen skulle ha något att diskutera kring. Som arte-fakter användes en påse, ballong, ballongpump, våg, vindsnurra och såpbubblor. Barnen visar att de kunde använda begreppet luft och andra begrepp kopplade till luft så som exempelvis blåsa, för att beskriva aktiviteterna kopplade till artefakterna. Barnen visade även att de kan förklara luftens egenskaper med hjälp av artefakterna samt varandra och egenskaperna som förklarades var: luft finns, tar plats, kan avgränsas, förflyttas, väger, är osynligt, kan verka med en kraft och finns överallt. Barnen visade ingen koppling att såpbubblor innehåller luft.
18
ARRUDA, Juliana Silva. "Tecnologias digitais e emergência de zonas de desenvolvimento proximal na sala de aula". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2016. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/19674.
Resumo:
ARRUDA, Juliana Silva. Tecnologias digitais e emergência de zonas de desenvolvimento proximal em sala de aula. 2016. 105f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza (CE), 2016.Submitted by Gustavo Daher (gdaherufc@hotmail.com) on 2016-09-22T13:22:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_jsarruda.pdf: 3571578 bytes, checksum: bf4966a1777257a5f02840cc145943e2 (MD5)
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Brazil is experiencing a period of technological immersion in all areas of society and every day, technologies are created that power the various human activities. The school should monitor the resulting changes of technological resources and be open to new educational possibilities to develop contemporary practices, from the inclusion of computers in school activities. Computers are features that enable interaction in group activities, the exchange of ideas and opinions; or the research of other realities. Thus, this study aims to analyze how the computer through digital resources used in activities collaboratively, can emerge Proximal Development Zone (ZDP). This research was developed in a municipal school in Aquiraz / CE, in groups of two or more learners. Qualitative methodology with interpretative character was used. The research technique involved participant observation, with micro genetic analysis and as tools for collecting videos and daily data field. Planned activities included the curriculum subjects, the use of computer and some Internet resources. The methodological procedures were considered from a micro genetic approach, and defined with the statement of contemporary researchers, as Meira and Lerman (2009) and Colaco et al. (2007) which expanded and interpreted new concepts of the ZDP Vygotsky (1994). The results were analyzed according to categories at the time of data analysis. In the first category, interaction among peers, was detailed as group activities, and peer contribution contributed to the development of the zone. In the second category, interaction with someone more experienced, involved contributions and assistance from someone more experienced, contributing to facilitating learning. The next third, technology support, has detailed the use of technology by students and contributions of this resource for teaching and learning processes. In the last category, student Protagonism discussed how students managed to overcome their level of development and can act as author of knowledge itself, and observed two characteristics: Activism and autonomy. The results highlighted times when resources combined with peer interaction promote and facilitate the emergence of ZPD, resulting in learning, promoting performances and authoring postures of these learners in the process.
O Brasil vivencia um período de imersão tecnológica em todas as áreas da sociedade, e a cada dia são criadas tecnologias que potencializam as diversas atividades humanas. A escola deve acompanhar as mudanças advindas dos avanços tecnológicos e ficar atenta às novas possibilidades educacionais para desenvolver práticas contemporâneas, a partir da inserção de computadores em atividades curriculares. Estes recursos possibilitam a interação nas atividades em grupo, na troca de ideias e opiniões; ou para a pesquisa de outras realidades. Dessa forma, este estudo tem por objetivo analisar como o computador, por meio de recursos digitais, utilizados em atividades realizadas colaborativamente, pode fazer emergir Zonas de Desenvolvimento Proximal (ZDP). Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida em uma escola pública municipal de Aquiraz/CE, em grupos de dois ou mais aprendentes. Foi utilizada a metodologia qualitativa, com caráter interpretativo. A técnica de pesquisa envolveu a observação participante, com análise microgenética, e, como instrumentos de coleta de dados, vídeos e diários de campo. As atividades planejadas envolveram as disciplinas curriculares, o uso do computador e alguns recursos da Internet. Os procedimentos metodológicos foram considerados a partir de uma abordagem microgenética, e definidos com a fundamentação de pesquisadores contemporâneos, como Colaço et al. (2007) e Meira e Lerman (2009), que ampliaram e interpretaram novos conceitos da ZDP de Vygotsky (1994). Os resultados foram analisados de acordo com categorias, no momento da análise dos dados. A primeira categoria – Interação entre pares – foi detalhada como as atividades em grupo, e a participação dos pares contribuiu no desenvolvimento de ZDP. A segunda categoria – Interação com alguém mais experiente – envolveu contribuições e assistência de alguém mais experiente, contribuindo para facilitação da aprendizagem. Na categoria seguinte – Suporte da tecnologia – foram detalhados o uso da tecnologia pelos alunos e as contribuições desse recurso para os processos de ensino e aprendizagem. Na última categoria – Protagonismo estudantil – foi discutida a maneira como os alunos conseguiram ultrapassar seu nível de desenvolvimento, podendo atuar como autores do próprio conhecimento, sendo observadas duas características: Ativismo e Autonomia. Os resultados destacaram momentos em que os recursos, aliados à interação entre pares, promovem e facilitam a emergência de ZDP, acarretando aprendizagem e promovendo atuações e posturas de autoria desses aprendentes em seu processo.
19
Bassot, Barbara. "Becoming a different person in the zone of proximal development : a case study of sixth form students making career and HE choices". Thesis, Open University, 2005. http://oro.open.ac.uk/49172/.
20
Ruuth, Sofia. "Muntlig språkutveckling i klassrummet : Lärares uppfattningar och deras praktik". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för svenska språket (SV), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-64993.
Resumo:
The aim of this study is to investigate the opportunities for oral language development that teachers offer pupils during lessons in Swedish in grade 3. The following questions guided the study: how do teachers perceive that they offer the pupils opportunities for oral language development in their teaching and what possibilities for oral language development do teachers offer pupils? The methods used to answer the questions are interview and observation of two teachers in two different classrooms. In all, two interviews and four observations were conducted. An observation schedule was used during the observations and the interviews were semi-structured, based on the same questions. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. The collected material showed that the oral activities which the teachers said they offered their pupils were working in pairs or small groups, whole-class conversations and drama. The teachers said that they interacted with the pupils through taking turns and asking questions. The activities the teachers offered their pupils during the four observations were whole-class conversations led by the teacher, structured conversations in small groups and spontaneous conversations among pupils and between pupils and teacher, and interactive book reading. The interactions used by the teachers took the form of speech, questions and body language. The conclusion of the study is that teachers must have more tools for taking advantage of opportunities to let the pupils develop their oral language. The view of what oral language development can involve should also be broadened.
21
Lundberg, Johanna. "Förskollärarens roll i barnets språkutveckling : en jämförelse mellan Reggio Emilia-inriktningen och Vygotsky". Thesis, University of Skövde, Department of Computer Science, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-746.
Resumo:
Inom området barnets utveckling borde pedagogiken och kognitionsvetenskapen samarbeta. Pedagogikinriktningen Reggio Emilia påstår bygga sin verksamhet på delar av bland annat Vygotskys teorier. I denna rapport utvärderas detta påstående utifrån frågan: Har förskollärarna inom Reggio Emilia-förskolan stöd hos Vygotskys teorier när det gäller deras roll i barnets vardagsspråkliga utveckling. Reggio Emilia-inriktningens och Vygotskys åsikter om språk och lärarens roll analyseras och jämförs med ett hermeneutiskt angreppssätt. Analysen visar att det finns skillnader mellan Reggio Emilia-inriktningens syn på förskollärarens roll när det gäller barnets vardagsspråkliga utveckling och Vygotskys teorier inom området. Trots skillnaderna visar ändå analysen att Reggio Emilia-inriktningen har fått stora influenser ifrån Vygotsky. Resultatet visar således att även om stödet från Vygotskys teorier inte är hundraprocentigt så finns det där. Undersökningen visar också att pedagogiken och kognitionsvetenskapen kan samarbeta framgångsrikt.
22
Arruda, Juliana Silva. "Tecnologias digitais e emergÃncia de zonas de desenvolvimento proximal na sala de aula". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2016. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=17730.
Resumo:
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorO Brasil vivencia um perÃodo de imersÃo tecnolÃgica em todas as Ãreas da sociedade, e a cada dia sÃo criadas tecnologias que potencializam as diversas atividades humanas. A escola deve acompanhar as mudanÃas advindas dos avanÃos tecnolÃgicos e ficar atenta Ãs novas possibilidades educacionais para desenvolver prÃticas contemporÃneas, a partir da inserÃÃo de computadores em atividades curriculares. Estes recursos possibilitam a interaÃÃo nas atividades em grupo, na troca de ideias e opiniÃes; ou para a pesquisa de outras realidades. Dessa forma, este estudo tem por objetivo analisar como o computador, por meio de recursos digitais, utilizados em atividades realizadas colaborativamente, pode fazer emergir Zonas de Desenvolvimento Proximal (ZDP). Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida em uma escola pÃblica municipal de Aquiraz/CE, em grupos de dois ou mais aprendentes. Foi utilizada a metodologia qualitativa, com carÃter interpretativo. A tÃcnica de pesquisa envolveu a observaÃÃo participante, com anÃlise microgenÃtica, e, como instrumentos de coleta de dados, vÃdeos e diÃrios de campo. As atividades planejadas envolveram as disciplinas curriculares, o uso do computador e alguns recursos da Internet. Os procedimentos metodolÃgicos foram considerados a partir de uma abordagem microgenÃtica, e definidos com a fundamentaÃÃo de pesquisadores contemporÃneos, como ColaÃo et al. (2007) e Meira e Lerman (2009), que ampliaram e interpretaram novos conceitos da ZDP de Vygotsky (1994). Os resultados foram analisados de acordo com categorias, no momento da anÃlise dos dados. A primeira categoria â InteraÃÃo entre pares â foi detalhada como as atividades em grupo, e a participaÃÃo dos pares contribuiu no desenvolvimento de ZDP. A segunda categoria â InteraÃÃo com alguÃm mais experiente â envolveu contribuiÃÃes e assistÃncia de alguÃm mais experiente, contribuindo para facilitaÃÃo da aprendizagem. Na categoria seguinte â Suporte da tecnologia â foram detalhados o uso da tecnologia pelos alunos e as contribuiÃÃes desse recurso para os processos de ensino e aprendizagem. Na Ãltima categoria â Protagonismo estudantil â foi discutida a maneira como os alunos conseguiram ultrapassar seu nÃvel de desenvolvimento, podendo atuar como autores do prÃprio conhecimento, sendo observadas duas caracterÃsticas: Ativismo e Autonomia. Os resultados destacaram momentos em que os recursos, aliados à interaÃÃo entre pares, promovem e facilitam a emergÃncia de ZDP, acarretando aprendizagem e promovendo atuaÃÃes e posturas de autoria desses aprendentes em seu processo.
Brazil is experiencing a period of technological immersion in all areas of society and every day, technologies are created that power the various human activities. The school should monitor the resulting changes of technological resources and be open to new educational possibilities to develop contemporary practices, from the inclusion of computers in school activities. Computers are features that enable interaction in group activities, the exchange of ideas and opinions; or the research of other realities. Thus, this study aims to analyze how the computer through digital resources used in activities collaboratively, can emerge Proximal Development Zone (ZDP). This research was developed in a municipal school in Aquiraz / CE, in groups of two or more learners. Qualitative methodology with interpretative character was used. The research technique involved participant observation, with micro genetic analysis and as tools for collecting videos and daily data field. Planned activities included the curriculum subjects, the use of computer and some Internet resources. The methodological procedures were considered from a micro genetic approach, and defined with the statement of contemporary researchers, as Meira and Lerman (2009) and Colaco et al. (2007) which expanded and interpreted new concepts of the ZDP Vygotsky (1994). The results were analyzed according to categories at the time of data analysis. In the first category, interaction among peers, was detailed as group activities, and peer contribution contributed to the development of the zone. In the second category, interaction with someone more experienced, involved contributions and assistance from someone more experienced, contributing to facilitating learning. The next third, technology support, has detailed the use of technology by students and contributions of this resource for teaching and learning processes. In the last category, student Protagonism discussed how students managed to overcome their level of development and can act as author of knowledge itself, and observed two characteristics: Activism and autonomy. The results highlighted times when resources combined with peer interaction promote and facilitate the emergence of ZPD, resulting in learning, promoting performances and authoring postures of these learners in the process.
23
Whiteman, Peter John School of Music & Music Education UNSW. "How the bananas got their pyjamas: A study of the metamorphosis of preschoolers' spontaneous singing as viewed through Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Music and Music Education, 2001. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/17801.
Resumo:
Throughout childhood, children experience the social semiotic of music in a variety of ways. As they sing, dance, move, and play, they enjoy making and listening to music. Childhood is also a time of immense change. During their early years, children grow and develop at a faster rate than at any other time in their lives, displaying an intense proliferation of ways of knowing about the world. As part of the industrious activity that accompanies this explosion of knowledge, children sing many songs. It is through sensitive investigation of these songs that we can begin to understand what children know about music, and the place that it is afforded in the social milieux within which they participate. Children???s songs have been the focus of investigation for a number of years, with a range of studies reporting on the manner in which they reflect musical development. Several researchers have reported on children???s songs from a developmental perspective, while others have focussed on the social and functional contexts of the songs. These various approaches have established some basic principles concerning the development of children???s musical skills and knowledge. It is accepted that as children mature, they are likely to exhibit changes in their musical understanding and abilities. However, the diverse range of inquiries that have been undertaken, although rigorous, have resulted in fragmented and irresolute information about the manner in which these changes take place. Research into all areas of children???s development has recently undergone a paradigm shift, with current views focussing on the agency of children and their development within a social context. Such perspectives view the acquisition of knowledge as a dynamic process that occurs as children interact with others, and therefore place great importance on a range of environments in which this knowledge gain takes place. This thesis reports on a 3-year longitudinal study of eight preschool-aged children who were attending a long day care centre in Sydney. Regular video-recordings were made of the children???s spontaneous singing during free play, with each child recorded approximately once per month. Camera tapes were examined and all examples of the participants??? singing were transferred to VHS tapes for transcription and analysis. The resulting 443 songs were transcribed using Western notation, and each play episode and associated song then coded for musical aspects such as song type, melodic range and level of temporal organisation, as well as social aspects such as song function and social roles taken on by the children. The notion of social role was informed by Vygotsky???s Zone of Proximal Development. In addition to base data such as the child???s name and the date of the observation, the resultant dataset was transferred to a qualitative software package (NUD???IST) for subsequent analysis and interpretation. Results of the study indicate that the children used songs for specific purposes, and that patterns of musical development were distinctly different for each child. While interacting with their playmates, the children used both explicit and implicit tools to acquire and transmit musical signs. During this process, the status of knowledgeable other was often conferred on a playmate by a less knowledgeable member of the group, and was not solely dependent on chronological age. The results exhibit some congruence with prior studies, especially those for which the social context of music-making was an important consideration. The findings expand previous developmentally-based investigations by showing that conceptions based on a unidirectional model of musical development, closely linked to chronological age, need to be refined to consider the diversity of social contexts and generative processes within which children???s musical cultures can be defined. The current study supports a modular conception of musical development allied with recent social reconstructions of childhood. Some substantiation of previously reported Western musical universals was found in the children???s production of a specific form of chant, and their ability to operate within meaningful musical units such as phrases. The thesis includes a discussion of practical and theoretical implications that arise from the findings. Several implications for the classroom are offered. Among the most important are that children???s musical constructions should be utilised as important components of planned teaching and learning experiences, because they are capable of producing sophisticated music if afforded the opportunity to do so. Careful observation of existing musical knowledge and its incorporation in teachers??? programming will facilitate an efficient and appropriate mode of teaching and learning, based on the needs and interests of the children. As the children were able to scaffold each other in the process of transmitting and acquiring musical knowledge, it appears advantageous to group them in mixed ages for at least some part of the week. However, without some intervention on the part of the teacher, it seems that they would likely rely on a fairly restricted collection of scaffolding behaviours. Additional research is recommended to determine the value of a number of strategies that can be used to meet the musical needs of preschool-aged children beyond the current research site. Indeed, the outcomes of the study question the importance of striving for a unidirectional model of musical development, immersed in the veil of teleology, and suggest that further research be undertaken in the area of children???s songs, which acknowledges the social agency of children, and their roles in their own musical cultures.
24
Scheu, Ian. "The Play's the Thing: An Examination of Play's Role in the Cognitive Development of Adolescents". VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2704.
Resumo:
The study explored the relationship of play and development in adolescents. It was developed to determine if play in adolescents has a cognitive developmental purpose. The research design was a quantitative study with qualitative elements. The design of the study consisted two groups of participants who engaged in either a computer program to test cognitive skills or a computer game which contains the same tests. The participants (N = 216) were adolescent males and females (ages 12-19) from urban mid-Atlantic Catholic high schools. After vetting the data, the total was N = 167 and only included males (ages 14-19). The study indicated that adolescent males performed the cognitive tasks of memory and reading better in the play condition than the work condition and performed the cognitive tasks of logic and mathematics better in the work condition than the play condition. Differences in performance related to age are not present. This study suggests that play may have an effect on adolescents’ cognitive development; therefore, it can be used as an effective method for some types of instruction. The study may contribute to the literature with the groundwork for further research exploring the cognitive nature of play in adolescents and its potential impact on identity formation.
25
Eklund, Elin. "Att ha mediebranscherfarenhet som medielärare : En kvalitativ studie av fem medielärares uppfattningar om sin kompetens". Thesis, Södertörn University College, Lärarutbildningen, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-3127.
26
Byrne, Kathry. "THE GIVE AND TAKE OF PEER REVIEW: UTILIZING MODELING AND IMITATION". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1438036070.
27
Wu, Zhonghe. "The study of middle school teachers' understanding and use of mathematical representation in relation to teachers' zone of proximal development in teaching fractions and algebraic functions". Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1218.
Resumo:
This study examined teachers' learning and understanding of mathematical representation through the Middle School Mathematics Project (MSMP) professional development, investigated teachers' use of mathematics representations in teaching fractions and algebraic functions, and addressed patterns of teachers' changes in learning and using representation corresponding to Teachers' Zone of Proximal Development (TZPD).
Using a qualitative research design, data were collected over a 2-year period, from eleven participating 6th and 7th grade mathematics teachers from four school districts in Texas in a research-designed professional development workshop that focused on helping teachers understand and use of mathematical representations. Teachers were given two questionnaires and had lessons videotaped before and after the workshop, a survey before the workshop, and learning and discussion videotapes during the workshop. In addition, ten teachers were interviewed to find out the patterns of their changes in learning and using mathematics representations.
The results show that all teachers have levels of TZPD which can move to a higher level with the help of capable others. Teachers' knowledge growth is measurable and follows a sequential order of TZPD. Teachers will make transitions once they grasp the specific content and strategies in mathematics representation. The patterns of teacher change depend on their learning and use of mathematics representations and their beliefs about them.
This study advocates teachers using mathematics representations as a tool in making connections between concrete and abstract understanding. Teachers should understand and be able to develop multiple representations to facilitate students' conceptual understanding without relying on any one particular representation. They must focus on the conceptual developmental transformation from one representation to another. They should also understand their students' appropriate development levels in mathematical representations.
The findings suggest that TZPD can be used as an approach in professional development to design programs for effecting teacher changes. Professional developers should provide teachers with opportunities to interact with peers and reflect on their teaching. More importantly, teachers' differences in beliefs and backgrounds must be considered when designing professional development. In addition, professional development should focus on roles and strategies of representations, with ongoing and sustained support for teachers as they integrate representation strategies into their daily teaching.
28
Maia, Vanessa Alexandra Fernandes. "Relatório da prática de ensino supervisionada em educação pré-escolar: a relevância da interação criança-criança em grupos heterogéneos no processo de aprendizagem". Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/13611.
Resumo:
O presente relatório corresponde a uma descrição refletida do trabalho desenvolvido na Prática de Ensino Supervisionada em Educação Pré-Escolar, na instituição Centro Infantil Irene Lisboa (CIIL), em contexto de Creche e Jardim de Infância. Este apresenta, inicialmente, uma reflexão fundamentada cujo enfoque é o tema do relatório: a relevância da interação criança-criança em grupos heterogéneos no processo de aprendizagem, sustentada na perspetiva sócio histórica de Vygotsky, nomeadamente no conceito de zona de desenvolvimento próximo (ZDP ) e na abordagem de Lilian G. Katz acerca da contribuição da interação entre crianças de diferentes idades na educação. A sua abordagem metodológica foi desenvolvida ao nível da aplicação de questionários à equipa educativa e pais com quem desenvolvi a PES e da recolha e análise de situações de interação entre crianças em ambos os contextos; Abstract: Supervised Teaching Practice in Preschool Education - The importance of child-child interaction in heterogeneous groups in the learning process.
This report corresponds to a description of the work reflected in the practice of supervised teaching in preschool education, in the institution “Centro Infantil Irene Lisboa” (CIIL), in the context of nursery and kindergarten. This presents initially a reasoned reflection whose focus is the subject of the report, the importance of child-child interaction in heterogeneous groups in the learning process in sustained socio historical perspective of Vygotsky, in particular the concept of zone of proximal development (ZDP) and Lilian G. Katz approach about the contribution of the interaction between children of different ages in education. Their methodological approach was developed to the level of application of questionnaires to parents and educational team who developed the PES and the collection and analysis of the interactions among children in both contexts.
29
Russel, Hartley Brenda. "Patterns of propleptic challenge in whole-class communication strategies : How language is used to optimise cognitive within the concept of Vygotsky's zone of proximal development (ZPD)". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531623.
30
Vassilopoulou, Christine. "A world of drama : a critical investigation into the opening up of the world view zone of proximal development through drama in 3 year-7 classes". Thesis, Birmingham City University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442683.
31
Nascimento, Leandro Tenório do. "Proficiência em matemática: discalculia e características da aprendizagem no ensino fundamental II e no ensino médio". Universidade Nove de Julho, 2016. http://bibliotecatede.uninove.br/handle/tede/1591.
Resumo:
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This research aims to evaluate the proficiency levels in math, students of the 6th year of primary school to the 3rd year of high school, with reference to the proposed content in the curriculum of the first four years of elementary education I. starts from assumption that these early mathematical concepts are very important in the mathematical logical reasoning construction process, being necessary therefore a follow-up arrest of this knowledge by students in later grades to key I, through polls and pedagogical interventions. With the quantitative and qualitative nature, characterized as case studies, carried out in two schools in the public school system, taking care to select one of those in peripheral region, which serve children from disadvantaged communities and other school in more centralized region in city center for pupils from different social classes of Franco da Rocha, city of São Paulo. The investigative research aims to identify the predisposition of dyscalculia among the evaluated students and the degree of difficulty that is presented in the subject, since the assessment that was applied consisted of questions with proposals abilities by the São State Education Paul, the mathematics curriculum and their technologies for students of 1st to 4th grade of elementary school, students in the 6th grade of elementary school II the 3rd year of high school. The research methodology was based according to the descriptive comments Robert Bogdan and Sari Biklen (1994).
A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo avaliar os níveis de proficiência em matemática, de alunos do 6º ano do ensino fundamental ao 3º ano do ensino médio. Teve como referência os conteúdos propostos no currículo oficial da Secretaria a Educação dos primeiros 4 anos do ensino fundamental I. Parte-se do pressuposto de que esses conceitos matemáticos são muito importantes no processo de construção do raciocínio lógico matemático, sendo necessário, assim, acompanhar a apreensão desses conhecimentos pelos alunos das séries posteriores ao fundamental I. Foram realizadas intervenções pedagógicas caracterizando-se como estudo de casos, realizado em duas escolas da rede pública, escolhendo uma região periférica e outra escola em região mais centralizada da cidade de Franco da Rocha, na Grande São Paulo. A pesquisa tem como finalidade identificar a pré-disposição á discalculia entre os alunos avaliados e seu grau de dificuldade. A pesquisa constava de questões com habilidades propostas pela Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo, no currículo de Matemática e suas Tecnologias para alunos de 1ª a 4ª série do ensino fundamental I, em alunos do 6º ano do ensino fundamental II ao 3º ano do ensino médio. A metodologia de pesquisa foi construída segundo as observações descritivas de Robert Bogdan e Sari Biklen (1994).
32
Hultgren, Terese. "Handdockan i förskolans verksamhet : Ett verktyg, flera synsätt och många möjligheter". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för pedagogiska studier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-43522.
Resumo:
Syftet med undersökningen är att studera förskollärares olika synsätt på handdockan i förskolan. För att undersöka detta använde jag metoden gruppintervju, vilket gav mig möjligheten att intervjua tre förskollärare samtidigt. Metoden bidrog till att respondenterna argumenterade för sina åsikter samt skapade diskussioner kring ämnet, då alla intervjuades samtidigt och på så vis kunde ta del av varandras åsikter. Det empiriska materialet analyserades genom ett sociokulturellt perspektiv där Lev S. Vygotskijs teorier är centrala (Kroksmark, 2011). Genom Vygotskijs teorier om språket, fantasi och verktyg identifierades tre temaområden som vidare visade sig vara olika synsätt på handdockan. Undersökningens resultat visar att handdockan kan användas som motivator, kommunikationsverktyg samt att den vuxna genom handdockan kan närma sig barnets värld. Resultatet påvisar hur viktigt det är att en vuxen deltar i barnets vardag, vilket jag relaterar till det som Vygotskij (Kroksmark, 2011) kallar för den proximala utvecklingszonen. Genom denna undersökning framkommer det att handdockan kan användas som ett framgångsrikt verktyg med flera synsätt och många möjligheter i förskolans verksamhet.The purpose of this survey is to examine the teaching approaches among preschool teachers. In order to examine the purpose of the survey I held a group interview with three preschool teachers, a method which allowed the respondents to discuss the topics and argue for their opinions all together. The empiric data was analyzed through a sociocultural perspective in which the theories of Lev S. Vygotsky are central (Kroksmark, 2011). Through these theories concerning language, fantasy and tools, three themes, which eventually turned out to be various teaching approaches on the hand puppet, were identified. The result of the survey shows that the hand puppet can be utilized as a motivator, a tool for communication and to make its grown-up user come closer to the child’s world. The result of the survey emphasizes the importance of grown-up’s participation in children’s everyday life, which I relate to what Vygotsky (Kroksmark, 2011) identifies as the zone of proximal development. Furthermore the survey shows that the hand puppet may be used as a successful tool, with several teaching approaches and many possibilities in preschool.
33
Salmon, Joseph L. "A Case Study of Grade-Level Meetings and Coaching Conversations". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77112.
Resumo:
The goal of this research project was to determine the content of the discourse occurring in grade-level meetings and coaching sessions and participants' perceptions of how the conversations in these two venues impacted learning and practice for individual teachers. Learning Forward's Standard for Professional Learning (2001) recommended that teachers organize into learning communities providing continuous learning opportunities to enhance adult learning and collaboration. Little (2003a) found that research was lacking that described the dynamics of communities of practice that promote teacher learning. It was in the content of the discourse that a proxy for evidence was found that the actions of the instructional coaches and grade-level meetings impact teacher growth. A case study was utilized to examine these structures and processes for job-embedded professional development at a school located in the eastern United States.
Research questions focused on the nature of the discourse among teachers and coaches in the grade-level meetings and in individual coaching conversations. Teachers reported what they felt that they learned in the grade-level meetings and the coaching discussions. Additionally, teachers stated what they did differently as a result of this method of professional learning occurring in grade-level meetings and coaching discussions. Finally, the school's improvement plans were compared with the conversations in the grade-level meetings and coaching sessions.
Verbatim transcriptions of recordings of grade-level meetings and coaching sessions provided data which revealed categories of content, coaching roles, and patterns of discourse. The goals of the meetings and coaching were to ensure communication about school district policies and to set expectations for teacher performance and student learning. Assertions generated provided patterns of discourse that identified roles of the principal, coaches, and teachers.
This investigation utilized a descriptive content discourse analysis and found support for the finding that the actions of this emerging community of practice were directed by federal, state, and local polices for teacher performance and student learning. Patterns of discourse revealed roles of administration, coaches, and teachers as they collaborated to negotiate meaning through the building of a shared repertoire. Interview data revealed that these dynamics enhanced teacher growth in many cases; however, lack of teacher input may have limited some potential opportunities.Ed. D.
34
Ström, Ida. "Vad har vi läst? : Tre svensklärare om sin syn på litteratursamtal som ett didaktiskt redskap". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för svenska språket (SV), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65426.
Resumo:
The aim of the present study is to investigate how three Swedish teachers view literary discussion as a tool for teaching and learning. A socio-cultural perspective with Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development and Dysthe’s dialogic/monologic classroom serves as the theoretical point of departure. The study is based on qualitative semistructured interviews with three Swedish teachers, all working in upper secondary school. An interview guide was established on the basis of previous research in the field of literary discussion. The interviews showed that the teachers had a positive view of conversations and discussions as a tool for teaching and learning, since they see good progression in the pupils’ reading comprehension, their conception of literature, and analytical ability. Literary discussions are chiefly appreciated as a tool that comes into its own as a method in teaching an aspect of a subject and as preparation for a written examination. Another finding is that the teachers’ positive outlook on literary discussion includes a view of teachers as being active and present when help and support should be close at hand for the pupils.
35
Bentahar, Sofia, e Maria Paschalidou. "Flerspråkighet som norm : En studie om pedagogers synsätt på flerspråkighet i förskolan". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-30386.
Resumo:
The aim of our study is to examine preschool teachers' attitudes to multilingualism in preschool, especially in relation to the preschool's internal environment. Our study is based on the socio-cultural perspective and consists of six interviews with pedagogues and observations at two preschools in different parts of Stockholm. We are certain of that our study is important for pedagogues, since a high proportion of children in Swedish preschools are multilingual. A high level of awareness and recurrent work to promote children’s multilingualism has tremendous importance for children's language development. The result of our study demonstrates that multilingualism is the norm in the preschools. Based on the interviews, we have seen that pedagogues are aware of the fact that both the children's home language and the Swedish language are equally important for children's language development. For children to develop good language skills in the Swedish language, it is important that the mother language is promoted and is a point of departure in preschool activities. Pedagogues, who constantly communicate with children, contribute to children's language development. Children must be offered ample opportunity for language use and interaction in different contexts. The study demonstrates that pedagogues consciously work with multilingualism, aiming for creating a language stimulating internal environment that encourages kids to play, learn and develop their language skills. Similar to a majority of pedagogues, we are certain that play has an important role for children's language development; because play is something pleasurable that often comes naturally and it is very important for children.
36
Montes, Felix Manuel. "Microcomputer uses in education: A model for using the computer to help children develop the concept of probability by peers interacting at the zone of proximal development". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185272.
Resumo:
This study diagnosed probability awareness and induced greater understanding through combining social organization, probabilistic scenarios, and computer assistance. Third and fifth grade children were the focus of a computer interactive approach that involved fifth graders helping third graders within the Vygotskian concept of Zone of Proximal Development. The computer was used as a mediational means where probabilistic scenarios--classified by their level of difficulty, number of choices and type of probability--were presented to the children and immediate feedback given on their success in approaching the problems. College students were tested using the same scenarios to establish a standard that would be subsequently used to measure children's success. In the pretest all children demonstrated more probabilistic mathematical cognition than verbal ability to express such understanding (50 versus 33 percent of success). The posttest displayed a significant improvement in both experimental groups (one third and one fifth grade). The improvement was both mathematical (success rate moved up 60%) and verbal (54%). The experimental group posttests did not indicate significant differences. The most important finding was that the difference by gender overshadows any credible age structure. All experimental girls' mathematical success rate was almost 70%, approaching closely the college rate of 77%, with third graders doing even better than fifth graders, due to the help received during treatment from both the fifth grade girls and the computer. This provides strong support for the Zone theory. Verbal ability was well over 70%. This gender difference could be interpreted as a structurally developmental factor, but it could also advocate for the need to employ alternative presentation according to gender. Level of difficulty (degree of choices closeness) and types of probability (frequency or proportion) proved to be better indicators of probability awareness than number of choices. The verbal analysis showed a preference for the children to express probability statements in terms of frequency. However, the treatment was successful in eliciting some proportional explanations, demonstrating that a 9-year-old child can entertain and verbalize proportional thoughts. The study concluded that probability assessment and improvement might be more difficult to achieve because of children's verbal limitations than because of their mathematical cognition.
37
Pandelara, Zackrisson Olimpia. ""Vi lär av varandra" : Den mångkulturella skolan". Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och socialpedagogik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-15761.
Resumo:
Bakgrund: I denna globaliserade värld påverkar situationer som inträffar på andra platser i världen även oss i Sverige. Dessa förändringar i det svenska samhället kan även påverka skolan som får nya utmaningar. Elevunderlaget har blivit mer heterogent med elever från olika länder vilket kräver nya sätt att lära på. Lärande spelar en central roll i allas utveckling och enligt det sociokulturella perspektivet sker denna utveckling i interaktion med andra människor. Alla människor är viktiga i lärandet och var och en kan utvecklas med stöd av andra som kan lite mer än vad man kan själv, denna utveckling ger upphov till det som Vygotskij kallade för den proximala utvecklingszonen. En plats för formellt och organiserat lärande är skolan, men skolan är också en central plats för barn där de bygger upp relationer med andra barn och vuxna som inte tillhör familjen. I den mångkulturella skolan är dessa kontakter med andra utanför familjen en viktig del för lärandet till exempel för den personliga utvecklingen. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att utifrån elevers perspektiv i en mångkulturell kontext, undersöka elevens erfarenheter av lärande i en mångkulturell skola. 0 Metod: Kvalitativ metod användes i studien och data samlades in genom fem semistrukturerade fokusgruppintervjuer med elever i årkurs fem och sex. Resultatet har analyserats med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat och slutsatser: Under analysen framkom fyra huvudkategorier; den mångkulturella skolan, lärande, syn på läraren och skolmiljö vilka sammanlagt resulterade i 15 underkategorier. Eleverna anser att det är givande att vistas i en mångkulturell skola och att lärande sker ständig och i interaktion med kompisarna, lärarna och andra vuxna kring dem utanför skolan. Ett komplement för lärandet var digitala medier som blev ett stöd för eleverna i deras lärande både på skolan som i hemmet.Background: Learning has a central role in everyone's development and according to the sociocultural perspective, this development takes place in interaction with other people. Other people are important so each can develop with the support of others who can little more than themselves, this stimulus gives rise to what Vygotsky called the proximal development zone. The school is a central place for children who, firstly, are a place of learning and, secondly, a place where they build relationships with other children and adults who are not family. In the multicultural school these contacts with others play an important role in learning such as personal development. Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate student's perspectives of learning in a multicultural context. Method: Qualitative method was used in the study and data was collected through 5 semistructured focus group interviews with students in grade five and six. The results have been analysed with qualitative content analysis. Results and conclusions: The analysis revealed four main categories; the multicultural school, learning and how the students view the teacher which resulted in a total of 15 subcategories. Students consider it rewarding to stay in a multicultural school. That learning takes place constantly in interaction with friends, even that teachers and adults outside school are an important support for their learning. Digital media as support was something that students used in their learning as a complement both at school and at home.
38
Knutsson, Sabina. ""En dum fråga får ett dumt svar...klart man tänker sig för innan man frågar" : Ett elevperspektiv av sambandet mellan formativ bedömning och lärande i ett yrkessammanhang". Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-5443.
Resumo:
I studien undersöks sambandet mellan elevers upplevelser av lärarnas formativa bedömningar och effekten av lärandet i ett yrkessammanhang. Tidigare forskning visar att kommunikation kring lärandet är viktigt för att en vidare utveckling ska ske. Framförallt måste de kunskaper som saknas i förhållande till målen definieras av både lärare och elever, samt att målens kvalité är tydlig för båda parter. Avsikten är att öka förståelsen av hur yrkeslärare kan ge eleverna ett yrkeskunnande i linje med nationella målbeskrivningar via sin formativa bedömning. Undersökningen är gjord med kvalitativa forskningsintervjuer i en yrkesförberedande utbildning på två Hotell- och restaurangprogram. Den sociokulturella teorin om lärandet och den proximala utvecklingszonen har använts för att analysera resultatet. Resultatet visar att eleverna upplever att lärarna värderar specifika yrkeskvalitéer som speglar den yrkeskulturella förståelsen högst i samband med bedömningen. Dessa är enligt eleverna handlingskraft, arbetstempo, samarbetsförmåga, självständighet och att kunna prestera ett gott resultat. Lärandet i yrkessammanhanget saknar formativa bedömningar i den mening att lärarna inte kommunicerar kursmålen eller ger återkoppling på elevernas prestationer och utveckling. Lärarna förmedlar att yrkeskvalitéer bedöms genom kroppsspråk, kritisk återkoppling och det krav som ställs på eleverna att arbeta utan handledning. Resultatet visar också att eleverna redaninnanlärandetillfället måste ha ett tekniskt kunnande för att nå upp till lärarnas krav på yrkeskvalitéer. Yrkessammanhanget utgör en problematik kring det individuella lärandet eftersom undervisningen inte utgår från den enskilde elevens förutsättningar och behov. Vidare diskuteras den motsättning som utgör en yrkeslärares profession, att kunna förena kursmål och programmål med den egna synen på relevant kunskap inom ett yrkesområde, samt hur detta ska förmedlas och läras ut till eleverna.
39
Brinkley, Steven. "Reading Heart of Darkness in the ESL/EFL Classroom : A Case Study in Student Response to Literary Didactic Methodologies Designed to Enhance Aesthetic and Efferent Reading of a Literary Text in Language Instruction". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för utbildningsvetenskap (UV), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-39257.
Resumo:
The purpose of this degree project has been to examine the implications of the provision of certain methodological support mechanisms, what has often been referred to as "instructional scaffolding" in literary didactics, to assist students in the ESL/EFL classroom in their interaction with the various literary texts into which they come into contact during their English language education at the upper secondary level in Sweden. My primary interest has been to gauge the response of the students involved in this study to the particular types of literary didactic methods utilized, for example, regarding their effectiveness in aiding the learning process as well as their impact on the literary, or aesthetic, experience itself. An analysis of student responses to a literature instruction module based on a reading of Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness will demonstrate that certain forms of literary didactic methods in general, and significantly, particular forms of what can be conceptualized as instructional scaffolding, play a crucial role for both the learning process and the student's aesthetic experience of literature.
40
Golden, Anna Mary. "Making the Forest Together: Young Children Represent a Shared Experience in Clay". VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1184.
Resumo:
This thesis examines the strategies young children use to develop a common set of goals when collaborating on a group art work. Teachers at Sabot School spend a great deal of time in discussion of children's group work. By concentrating on one project in my preschool classroom, I reached a greater understanding of the way children work together on a group project. This understanding enriched my practice of teaching so that I could become a better facilitator of similar projects in the future. The information is valuable to me and the other Sabot School teachers when planning future group projects, especially when discussing strategies for supporting children's group processes. It is also be of value to teachers and education students who are interested in learning about the Reggio Emilia approach in American classrooms, social constructivism in the classroom, and the possibilities of art in early childhood. In this project, my four and five year old students worked together to create a clay sculpture of a wild area outside the playground fence at our school. I was interested in the way I could support this group project using Vygotsky's idea of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). In the ZPD a child can accomplish tasks they are not developmentally ready to master if they have the support of a teacher or more skilled peer. This study revealed that children and teachers can use words and actions to support cognitive as well as social-emotional learning while working together.
41
Grängshem, Elena, e Johanna Mangnäs. "Flerspråkighet och kommunikativa strategier : En studie om sex förskolors arbete med tvåspråkighet". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Barn- och ungdomsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-118837.
Resumo:
Syftet med det här examensarbetet är att undersöka hur sex förskolor arbetar med barn som har annat modersmål än det svenska språket. Vi har efterforskat vilka metoder förskolor använder för att stödja barnens språkutveckling och den kulturella identiteten. För att ta reda på det har vi använt oss av en kvalitativ intervjustudie med pedagoger på förskolor. Vi har valt att göra intervjuerna i Stockholms innerstad och förorter, där pedagoger på förskolorna har erfarenhet av att jobba med barn som har ett annat modersmål än svenska. Vårt mål med studien är att granska om de arbetar olika i Stockholms innerstad i jämförelse med förorter till Stockholm och i sådana fall, på vilka sätt. Vårt resultat visar att alla förskolor använder sig av olika strategier men att ingen av dem har tillgång till modersmålsstöd. Alla pedagoger använder sig av redskap som böcker och de använder sig av bilderna i böckerna för att få en visuell bild tillsammans med barnen. Språk är ett annat redskap som används regelbundet i pedagogernas arbete.
42
Agulhas, Ronald. "The perceptions of intermediate phase educators about the implementation of stories for thinking in one Western Cape Education Department region". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7756_1355407161.
Resumo:
South Africa had a change in government and in education after the 1994 elections. A new curriculum was introduced and some of the underlying critical outcomes were to develop the learners to become critical thinkers. The methodology by which to teach these outcomes was not clear. An intervention programme, Philosophy for Children (P4C) is used in some countries across the world to promote thinking. Research across the world has shown that this programme has the ability to enhance the cognitive abilities of learners exposed to it. Stories for Thinking (SFT) is an intervention programme based on the principles of Philosophy for Children and was introduced in some schools in an Education District of the Western Cape. This study investigates the perceptions of Intermediate Phase educators about the implementation of Stories for Thinking in this Education District. Educators were asked their strengths and challenges of the approach, their way of using it and the support they received. A qualitative research method was used and data were gathered to answer the research questions by means of questionnaires and interviews. Research findings indicate that educators perceived that Stories for Thinking was able to enhance the reading ability of the learners, it showed a significant improvement in their confidence levels, and a positive change in their general behaviour. Language was seen as a barrier to learning, but the evidence indicates that the community of inquiry can be used as a tool to overcome some of the barriers. It seems as if educators valued the support from the project leaders. It is concluded that this kind of intervention programme is worth introducing as long as all the role-players play their part and the setting is conducive.
43
Hasselgren, Melanie. "Det känns som att barnen kan mer än vad vi kan ibland : Förskollärares uppfattningar om bildskapande som estetisk lärprocess och digitala verktyg i Lpfö18". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för pedagogiska studier (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-73151.
Resumo:
This thesis focus on the change in goal within the revised curriculum where digital techniques are included and the preschool teachers’ perception of pedagogical work with aesthetic learning processes. The study has a phenomenographic approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data. The analysis points out differences and similarities in the preschool teacher’s perceptions of image creation. The result of the study show that the preschool teachers’ perceptions show similarities and differences in children´s free image creation and the controlled image creation initiated by the adults. The preschool teacher’s perceptions of the controlled image creation show that it is often used as an aesthetic learning process to learn another subject or to process an experience while the perceptions of free image creation are that it happens more often spontaneously. It is used in the different theme areas of the preschool, because they perceive themselves lacking in knowledge and/-or interest. The preschool teacher’s perceptions of digital tools in relation to the preschool’s revised curriculum are that it is seen as a complement to analogue tools, but that the environment believes that the digital will replace analogue tools. The preschool teachers perceive that they lack knowledge about digital tools and that makes it difficult to implement it in teaching so that it will become a natural part of the teaching. The conclusion is that the preschool teachers are perceived to have a basic knowledge in the field of image creation and the digital tools. In order for the image creation and the preschool’s revised curriculum to be implemented, preschool teachers need more knowledge. Through knowledge is interest born and with more interest and knowledge, more aesthetic learning processes are created.Med utgångspunkt i hur förskollärare uppfattar hur förskolans reviderade läroplan med digitala tekniker och förändrad målbeskrivning så är syftet för studien att fördjupa förståelsen kring hur förskollärare uppfattar det pedagogiska arbetet med estetiska lärprocesser med fokus på bildskapande. Undersökningen genomfördes med en fenomenografisk metodansats och halvstrukturerade intervjuer. Analysen genomfördes för att synliggöra skillnader och likheter i förskollärarnas uppfattningar om bildskapandet. Resultatet visar att förskollärarnas uppfattningar om det fria bildskapandet är barninitierat och sker spontant. Detta ses som det” riktiga” bildskapandet och barnen skapar tillsammans med kompisar. Förskollärarnas uppfattningar om det styrda bildskapandet visar att det ofta används som estetisk lärprocess till att lära ett annat ämne eller för att bearbeta en upplevelse. Det används inom förskolans olika temaområden, detta för att de uppfattar sig själva sakna kunskap och/- eller intresse. Förskollärarnas uppfattningar om digitala verktyg i relation till förskolans reviderade läroplan är att det ses som ett komplement till analoga verktyg, men att omgivningen tror att det digitala ska ersätta analoga verktyg. Förskollärarna uppfattar att de saknar kunskaper kring digitala verktyg och det gör det svårt att implementera det i undervisningen så att det ska bli en naturlig del i undervisningen. Slutsatsen är att förskollärarna uppfattas ha en grundkunskap inom bildskapandet samt de digitala verktygen. För att bildskapandet och förskolans reviderade läroplan ska kunna genomföras så behöver förskollärarna få mer kunskap. Genom kunskap föds intresse och med mer intresse och kunskap skapas fler estetiska lärprocesser.
44
Owen-Berghmark, Erica, e Marie Svensson. ""På samma sätt som man servar bilen så måste man serva sitt ledarskap" : En studie om deltagares uppfattningar efter medverkan i ledarutvecklingsaktiviteter". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-252097.
Resumo:
Det uppfattas idag som en självklarhet att fortsätta lära och utvecklas genom hela livet. Årligen spenderas stora summor på ledarutveckling, vilket har väckt ett intresse att undersöka denna form av utbildningsaktiviteter. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka vad som kan ligga till grund för valet att delta i ledarutvecklingsaktiviteter utifrån en fallstudie hos Stelena, samt hur deltagarna uppfattar att dessa aktiviteter bidrar till lärande och praktisk användbarhet. Fyra frågeställningar formulerades; Vilka motiv framkommer för deltagande i dessa aktiviteter? På vilket sätt uppfattar deltagarna att kompetenser och verktyg genereras i aktiviteterna? På vilket sätt uppfattar deltagarna att ledarutvecklingsaktiviteterna influerat deltagarna och bidragit till ett lärande? Hur uppfattar deltagarna möjligheterna att kunna använda genererade kompetenser och verktyg i sitt dagliga arbete? För att få en ingång till våra frågeställningar tog vi inledningsvis del av tidigare forskning inom området ledarutveckling. För att insamla vårt empiriska material genomfördes sju intervjuer. Därefter analyserades materialet med inspiration av pragmatisk diskursanalys, samt med hjälp av utvalda teoretiska utgångspunkter; aktivitetsteorin, proximala utvecklingszonen, samt reflekterande handling. I detta analysförfarande urskildes en norm, att individers problemformuleringar i aktiviteterna kunde ses som ett dialektiskt spel mellan det individuella och kollektiva. Resultatet visar att motiv till att delta ofta grundade sig i ett behov av stöd. Således har det visat sig att kommunikation och reflektion i ledarutvecklingsaktiviteterna tycks generera redskapen. Likväl som kommunikation ligger till grund för verktygsskapandet uppfattades kommunikativ kompetens och ett reflekterande förhållningssätt viktigt i rollen som ledare. Ledarutvecklingsaktiviteterna har vidare bidragit med redskap vilka lärt individer hantera situationer utifrån nya perspektiv. Det har framkommit hur aktiviteterna gett en ökad förståelse för betydelsen av att lära känna sig själv, medarbetares olikheter och således hur dessa lärdomar bidrar till ett mer effektivt ledarskap. Resultatet visar hur individer upplever att de haft nytta av flera av de verktyg som genererats, både för egen del och för organisationen i stort.Present conception is that individuals are under constant development and learning during their entire life. Every year a large amount of money is spent on leadership development. There has been an increasing interest to such educational activities. The aim of this study is to examine, what the basis beyond participation can be in leader development activities, through a case-study at Stelena, and how participants perceive that the activities contributes to learning and practical use. Four questions were framed; which motives for participation in these activities appear? In which way do participants perceive that competencies and tools generates in the activities? In which way do participants perceive that the leader development activities have influenced them and contributed to learning? How do participants perceive the ability to use acquired competencies and tools in their daily work? In order to find answers to our questions, we took part of recent science connected to leader development. Seven interviews were done in order to collect our empirical material. With inspiration from pragmatic discourse analysis and with theoretical base, the material was analysed. Our theoretical bases are activity theory, the zone of proximal development and reflective action. In the analysis work we did distinguish a norm, that problem formulations in the activities could be seen as a dialectical game between the individual and the collective. The result shows that motives beyond participation many times were based on a need of support. It has been shown how communication and reflection in Stelena leader development activities appear to generate tools. As well as communication and reflection is underlying the creation of tools, communicative competence and a reflective approach are seen as very useful in the role of a leader. Stelena has also provided tools, which have taught individuals to manage situations from new perspectives. The study shows how the activities increased the understanding of the importance to get to know oneself, differences of co-workers and in what way such learning contributes to more effective leadership. The result shows how individuals experienced great usefulness of those tools, both for themselves and for the organisations.
45
Torres, Bryan C. "Examining Self-Service Kiosks in Quick-Service Restaurant Settings". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1505242/.
Resumo:
Research is needed that examines the effects of kiosk technology on restaurant operational performance measures, such as total sales. The study employs a 2X2 between-subjects field experimental design to empirically test the hypothesized relationships proposed in the research model. The data collection site was Burger King located in the student union of a large Tier 1 research university in southwest USA. The independent variables included ordering method (kiosk vs. cashier) and operational volume (peak vs. off-peak). The dependent variables were cognitive and affective attitudes, behavioral intention, satisfaction, sales per person, and order time. Consumers at Burger King were approached before they started ordering their meal to ask for voluntary participation. If they agreed to participate, they were randomly assigned into two test groups. Participants in one test group used kiosk technology to order their meals, while those in the other test groups spoke with a cashier to order their meals. The same number of participants were recruited from peak and non-peak volumes. The seconds used to order was observed and recorded after consumer engagement with the ordering method. After participants ordered, they completed a paper survey that measured their behaviors while ordering with each method and asked participants to indicate total purchase amount. Results of 192 surveys indicated to different extents that consumer behaviors were more positive with kiosk technology. Affective attitude results, however, were insignificant. On average, kiosk technology was found to be a faster method of ordering in quick-service restaurants, but it yielded less sales than when the consumer ordered from a cashier.
46
Swanepoel, Nadia. "Teaching English reading comprehension to Grade 2 First Additional Language learners". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60983.
Resumo:
English reading comprehension is an educational challenge worldwide. This study investigated how Grade 2 teachers teach English reading comprehension to First Additional Language (FAL) learners at three selected independent schools in Gauteng where the language of learning and teaching (LoLT) is English. Three English medium independent schools in Gauteng, South Africa participated in the study. The participants at each research site consisted of Grade 2 teachers (main participants) and Grade 2 learners (secondary participants). Grade 2 teachers were selected purposively on the criteria that they had taught for more than two years and were teaching English reading comprehension to Grade 2 FAL learners.
This study followed a qualitative approach, and was situated within the interpretivist paradigm. The research design accommodated a case study. The conceptual framework was based on the revised taxonomy by Krathwohl and Anderson for questioning which integrated the role of the teacher in a reading lesson. The three stages of reading, before reading, during reading and after reading were divided into the different levels of thinking and reasoning as suggested in Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) theory.
The data collection strategies were semi-structured interviews with Grade 2 teachers; observing reading lessons they gave; and keeping a journal in which personal reflections on the investigation into teaching and learning practices were documented. Once data was collected, the recordings of the semi-structured interviews were transcribed. The observation checklists and the reflection journal entries were analysed. Data was analysed using a coding process and five themes and twelve sub-themes emerged.
The findings show that the interactive approach was common in the teaching of English reading comprehension. However, parental involvement, the availability of the trained teachers and appropriate resources were necessary. A learner's individual reading needs and reasoning ability have to be considered through the use of differentiated teaching practices. Questioning throughout the reading process improves a learner's understanding of the text.Die leesbegrip van Engels is 'n wêreldwye uitdaging. Hierdie studie het ondersoek hoe Graad 2-onderwysers onderrig in leesbegrip in Engels aan leerders van Engels as Eerste Addisionele Taal gee by drie uitgesoekte onafhanklike skole in Gauteng waar die taal van leer en onderrig (TLO) Engels is. Drie onafhanklike Engelsmediumskole in Gauteng, Suid-Afrika het aan die studie deelgeneem. By elke skool was die deelnemers Graad 2-onderwysers (hoofdeelnemers) en Graad 2-leerders (sekondêre deelnemers). Graad 2-onderwysers is doelbewus gekies op grond van die kriterium dat hulle langer as twee jaar onderrig gegee het en ten tye van die studie Graad 2-EAT-leerders onderrig het. Die studie volg 'n kwalitatiewe benadering binne die interpretivistiese paradigma. Die navorsingsontwerp behels 'n gevallestudie. Die konseptuele raamwerk is gebaseer op Krathwohl en Anderson se hersiene taksonomie van vraagstelling wat die onderwyser se rol in 'n leesles integreer. Die drie leesstadia voor, gedurende en na lees word in die verskillende vlakke van lees en redenering verdeel, soos wat in Vygotsky se teorie van die Sone van Naaste Ontwikkeling (ZPD) aan die hand gedoen word. As dataversamelingstrategieë is semigestruktureerde onderhoude met Graad 2-onderwysers gevoer, lesse waargeneem en 'n joernaal gehou waarin persoonlike besinning oor die ondersoek van onderrig- en leerpraktyke gedokumenteer is. Na dataversameling is die opnames van die semigestruktureerde onderhoude getranskribeer. Die waarnemings-kontrolelyste en die inskrywings in die besinningsjoernaal is ontleed. Data is met behulp van 'n koderingsproses ontleed, wat vyf temas en twaalf subtemas na vore gebring het. Daar is bevind dat die interaktiewe benadering algemeen in die onderrig van leesbegrip van Engels gebruik word. Die betrokkenheid van ouers, beskikbaarheid van opgeleide onderwysers en geskikte hulpbronne was egter noodsaaklik. Leerders se individuele leesbehoeftes en redeneringsvermoë moet by wyse van gedifferensieerde onderrigpraktyke in aanmerking geneem word. Leerders se begrip van die teks verbeter wanneer vrae in die loop van die leesproses gestel word.
Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Early Childhood Education
MEd
Unrestricted
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Nordblad, Elin. "Uttrycksformer som stöd för att utveckla begreppsförståelse : En studie om hur elevers möten med olika uttrycksformer skapar erfarenheter som möjliggör utvecklande av begreppsförståelsen i den marknadsdominerande läroboken för F-3". Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-86143.
Resumo:
Eftersom läroboken har en dominerande roll i den svenska matematikundervisning är det av vikt att läroböckernas innehåll är av god kvalitet och arbetar mot de mål som skolans styrdokument strävar mot. Begreppsförståelsen kan förstås som grunden i det matematiska tänkandet. Denna förmåga utvecklas i takt med att eleven får nya erfarenheter och kunskaper kring matematiska problem i olika sammanhang. Ett möte med uttrycksformer av stor variation skapar erfarenheter och hjälper eleven utveckla sin begreppsförmåga. Syftet med denna studie är att få en förståelse för vilka uttrycksformer eleven får möta i det marknadsdominerande läromedlet för grundskolans lägre åldrar samt hur eleven får möjlighet att använda uttrycksformerna som ett verktyg i utvecklandet av begreppsförmågan. Resultatet av studien visar att eleverna får få tillfällen att möta olika uttrycksformer och lära sig använda dem som ett stöd för att utveckla sin begreppsförståelse i matematik. Studien belyser även vikten av elevers kunskap att översätta uttrycksformer till en annan uttrycksform för att erhålla en bredare förståelse för begreppens betydelse.Since the textbook has a dominant role in Swedish mathematics education, it is important that content is in good quality and works towards the goal of Swedish education. Conceptual understanding can be understood as the basis of mathematical thinking and develops as the student gains new experiences and knowledge of mathematical problems in different contexts. A meeting with a variety of representations can create new experiences and help the student develop a god conceptual understanding. The purpose of this study is to understand what forms of representations the pupils may encounter in the market-dominant textbook for the elementary school. As well the possibility the students have using representation as a tool to create conceptual understanding. The results of the study show that the students are given few opportunities to meet a variation of representations and learn how to use them as a support to gain the conceptual understanding. The study also highlights the importance of students’ ability to translate representations to gain a broader conceptual understanding.
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Eriksson, Maria. "Samma lekvärld - olika språk : En liten studie om icke-verbal kommunikation i lek bland nyanlända barn i förskolan". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för pedagogiska studier, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-38394.
Resumo:
Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka nyanlända barns användande av icke-verbal kommunikation när de leker fritt, samt om det är någon skillnad när en pedagog är närvarande. Det studeras också i vilka karaktäristiska lekar de nyanlända barnen använder sin icke-verbala kommunikation mest. Studien är kvalitativ och undersökningen är utförd genom observationer, som utfördes under två dagars tid. Observationerna har utförts på en mångkulturell förskola där fokus har varit på fri lek, den proximala utvecklingszonen, pedagogiska atmosfärer och icke-verbal kommunikation. Resultaten visar att de nyanlända barnen använder sig av icke-verbala kommunikationsformer när de leker med varandra, detta tydliggörs i fyra karaktäristiska lekar som beskrivs i resultatdelen. Vidare framgår det av studien att det finns skillnader i barnens kommunikationsstrategier när det finns pedagogiskt stöd i leken gentemot när barnen leker utan pedagogers stöd.The purpose of this study is to examine the newly arrived children's use of non -verbal communication when they are playing freely, and if there is any difference when a preschool teacher is present. It is also being studied in which characteristic games the newly arrived children use their non - verbal communication the most. The study is qualitative and the study is performed through observations. The observations have been conducted in a multicultural preschool where the focus has been at free play, the proximal development zone, educational atmospheres and non-verbal communication . The results show that the newly arrived children use non-verbal forms of communication when playing with each other , this is made clear in the four characteristic games described in the results section of this study. Furthermore , it appears from the study that there are differences in the children's communication strategies when there are educational support in children’s play compared to when they play and do not have educator’s support.
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Spear, Ellinwood Karen Courtenay. "Re-Conceptualizing the Organizing Circumstance of Learning". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/202698.
Resumo:
This study explores the web-navigation practices of adult learners in higher education and re-conceptualizes the concept of the organizing circumstance of self-managed learning, originated by Spear and Mocker (1984). The theoretical framework draws on funds of knowledge theory from a cultural historical perspective and elaborates a Vygotskian concepts of learning and development by introducing the notion of the distal object and the zone of distal development. The study employed a mixed methods design with an embedded multiple-case study involving half of the twelve participants using a new technology for self-managed learning called Zonebee. Zonebee recorded participants' web navigation, known as Zonebee Trails, providing quantitative data for analysis. Surveys were administered, namely the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (Schraw&Dennison, 1994), the Index of Learning Styles Inventory (Soloman&Felder, 1986), a survey of technology use (created for this study) and a set of demographic questions. Eleven of the twelve participants also provided interviews in which they described their self-managed learning practices.Findings contradicted the premise in the literature that the learning environment fortuitously determines the learning experience. Participants primarily relied on the internet and computer to manage their learning and made deliberate choices about which tools to use depending upon the purpose of the constituent process of self-managed learning in which they were engaged (assessing, planning, implementing, monitoring, evaluating or producing). Zonebee Trails evidenced participants' engagement in considerable planning before generating focused queries to locate specific materials. Thus, this study suggests that the organizing circumstance operates, not through happenstance alone, but through the confluence of four factors influencing the direction the learner takes: funds of knowledge for learning; learning demands (proximity of the learning object, proximal or distal), conditions for learning (affordances for and constraints on learning); and motivation or purpose of activity. The re-conceptualized organizing circumstance of learning, then, offers a methodological and theoretical way to redefine context and understand how learners manage their own learning.
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Andersson, Victor. "On the Workings of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation : A study on its cause and effects on the experience of learning a second language". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för utbildningsvetenskap (UV), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-49483.
Resumo:
Abstract The purpose of this study was to focus on the cause and effect of what has been referred to as intrinsic and extrinsic motivation when it comes to second language learning through literature, where the novel To kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee served as an example. The study started off by presenting a definition of the so called intrinsic and extrinsic motivation respectively, as well as the three perspectives psychodynamic, cognitive and socio-cultural by which it was discussed, in order to cement the framework of it and problematize its boundaries accordingly. It later focused on where and how intrinsic and extrinsic motivation respectively came into play, and what possible outcome the two different types might result in when discussing language learning. The applied method was to do a qualitative hermeneutic study by presenting earlier research and having it as a basis when hypothesizing in order to solve the research questions. This study was limited to discussing intrinsic and extrinsic motivation respectively in order to ascertain how both phenomena manifest themselves and ultimately how they affect learning, and by presenting numerous examples in the analysis it was concluded that: a) extrinsic and intrinsic motivation tend to inescapably intertwine during the process of learning and thereby end up being in need of each other, and b) that the order to how one musters extrinsic motivation, when undertaking in the educational enterprise of reading a novel, was opposite from that of the intrinsic motivation as extrinsic motivation is based on an external source of reward and therefore merely in need of an external source rather than an intrinsic curiosity. Keywords Intrinsic motivation, Extrinsic motivation, Cognitive perspective, Psychodynamic perspective, Sociocultural perspective, Zone of proximal development, Efferent reading, Aesthetic reading.