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1
Petrantoni, Giuseppe. Corpus of Nabataean Aramaic-Greek Inscriptions. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-507-0.
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The impact of the Hellenization in the Ancient Near East resulted in a notable presence of Greek koiné language and culture and in the interaction between Greek and Nabataean that conducted inhabitants to engrave inscriptions in public spaces using one of the two languages or both. In this questionably ‘diglossic’ situation, a significant number of Nabataean-Greek inscriptions emerged, showing that the koin was employed by the Nabataeans as a sign of Hellenistic cultural affinity. This book offers a linguistic and philological analysis of fifty-one Nabataean-Greek epigraphic evidences existing in northern Arabia, Near East and Aegean Sea, dating from the first century BCE to the third-fourth century CE. This collection is an analysis of the linguistic contact between Nabataean and Greek in the light of the modalities of social, religious and linguistic exchanges. In addition, the investigation of onomastics (mainly the Nabataean names transcribed in Greek script) might allow us to know more about the Nabataean phonological system.
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Crespellani, Teresa, ed. Terremoto e ricerca. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-819-2.
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The profound cultural transformation that has taken place in Italian seismic studies in the last ten years is distinguished by the growing interest in the problem of assessing the effects of earthquakes linked to local conditions, and in the related issue of a precise definition of the properties of the soil in the sphere of the dynamic and cyclical stresses induced by seismic actions. Despite the profound awareness of the extent to which the nature of the soil contributes to the destructive effects of earthquakes, we are still a long way from the possibility of a realistic forecast of the seismic behaviour of the Italian soils. This is because the identification of the dynamic properties calls for experimental equipment that is technologically complex and costly as well as lengthy observation and qualified personnel. The rare experimental data that have been acquired to date hence represent a fundamental element for scientific reflection. This book has been conceived with a view to setting at the disposal of a broader public the results of the tests conducted on site and in the laboratory on the soil of certain significant seismic areas using the dynamic-type apparatus of the Geotechnical Laboratory of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICeA) of the University of Florence. It presents a selection of the works of the Geotechnical section of the DICeA that have been published in various specialist international and national ambits. These studies were largely launched following the seismic sequence in Umbria and the Marches, in collaboration with several Regional Authorities and Research Institutes for the reduction of the seismic risk in Italy (GNDT, IRRS, INGV). In addition to the experimental techniques and the results obtained, the models and the geotechnical procedures adopted for assessing the effects of site and soil instability in certain specific deposits of the Italian territory are also expounded.
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Abdelmoneium, Azza, Asma Al-Attiyah, Batoul Khalifa, Fatima Al-Kubaisi e Abdallah Badahdah. The Impact of Blockade on Families in Qatar. 2a ed. Hamad Bin Khalifa University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/difi_9789927141003.
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The study is aimed at assessing the impact of the blockade imposed by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Kingdom of Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates, and Egypt on June 5th, 2017 on families in Qatar. This study was conducted by corresponding with a group of mixed Qatari families in which one of the spouses is a national of one of the blockading Gulf nations in addition to on a group of families who have relatives living in one of those countries.
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Head, Paul D. The Choral Experience. Editado por Frank Abrahams e Paul D. Head. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199373369.013.3.
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Much has changed in the choral rehearsal room over the past two generations, particularly in regard to the role the choral conductor assumes—or commands—in the rehearsal process. This chapter discusses the ever-evolving stereotypical roles of the conductor, while examining alternatives to traditional leadership models with particular emphasis on the encouragement of student engagement and peer-based learning. In addition to the facilitation of collaborative learning exercises, the chapter outlines a specific process of written interaction with the choral ensemble. This section is inspired by the renowned “Dear People” letters of Robert Shaw. Finally, in response to the recently revised National Standards for Music Education in the United States, the author discusses possible implementation of the Standards in a performance-based classroom. In the shadow of the relatively recent phenomena of collegiate a cappella groups, these student ensembles have created a new paradigm for peer-led instruction.
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Moseley, Mason W. Narrowing the Focus. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190694005.003.0006.
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This chapter introduces a provincial-level adaptation of my theory of the protest state. In addition to its high levels of protest activity, Argentina is a federal system where incidences of protest participation have occurred at uneven rates, making it an excellent case for exploring variation in rates of contention across provincial contexts. Focusing on the provinces of Buenos Aires, Mendoza, and San Luis—where I draw on dozens of interviews with citizen activists, movement organizers, and politicians conducted in 2013 with support from the National Science Foundation—I utilize the comparative method to examine how distinct institutional characteristics of each province have interacted with citizen engagement to produce different outcomes in terms of protest.
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Goldzweig, Gil, Ilanit Hasson-Ohayon, Gali Elinger, Anat Laronne, Reut Wertheim e Noam Pizem. Adaptation of Meaning-Centered Group Psychotherapy in the Israeli Context. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199837229.003.0012.
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The implementation and dissemination of psychosocial interventions across different countries is a major challenge to clinicians worldwide. Cultural and societal considerations are required during these adaptations. These considerations include logistic, context-based, and thematic aspects. This chapter describes the process of adapting meaning-centered group psychotherapy (MCGP) to the Israeli context. The chapter discusses the general considerations in intervention adaptation and describes the application of these considerations to the Israeli culture. The description is accompanied by a discussion of the special characteristics of Israeli society that require attention while implementing the MCGP. The chapter also presents preliminary results of two MCGP pilot interventions conducted in Israel. In addition, the chapter presents a clinical example based on excerpts from two MCGP sessions.
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Betz, Matthias, e Volker Wulf. Toward Transferability in Grounded Design. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198733249.003.0016.
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Grounded design is a particular design-research approach applied in case studies. The approach aims to investigate social practices with the purpose of identifying and unveiling problematic aspects of that practice. In research contexts, design case studies are conducted by applying established research methods such as ethnographic field studies, participatory design, and action research. As a research approach, grounded design claims to contribute to scientific knowledge by creating a collection of documented cases that is accessible for a further comprehensive and overarching analysis. This chapter provides an example of such a study through a comparison of two design case studies in the field of civil security research, in the context of firefighting: the Landmarke project and the Koordinator project. In addition, this chapter addresses the transferability of design case studies.
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Trotter, Henry, Catherine Kell, Michelle Willmers, Eve Gray e Thomas K. C. King. Seeking Impact and Visibility: Scholarly Communication in Southern Africa. African Minds, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.47622/978-1-920677-51-0.
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African scholarly research is relatively invisible globally because even though research production on the continent is growing in absolute terms, it is falling in comparative terms. In addition, traditional metrics of visibility, such as the Impact Factor, fail to make legible all African scholarly production. Many African universities also do not take a strategic approach to scholarly communication to broaden the reach of their scholars'work. To address this challenge, the Scholarly Communication in Africa Programme (SCAP) was established to help raise the visibility of African scholarship by mapping current research and communication practices in Southern African universities and by recommending and piloting technical and administrative innovations based on open access dissemination principles. To do this, SCAP conducted extensive research in four faculties at the Universities of Botswana, Cape Town, Mauritius and Namibia.
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Benstead, Lindsay J. Survey Research in the Arab World. Editado por Lonna Rae Atkeson e R. Michael Alvarez. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190213299.013.14.
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Since the first surveys were conducted there in the late 1980s, survey research has expanded rapidly in the Arab world. Almost every country in the region is now included in the Arab Barometer, Afrobarometer, or World Values Survey. Moreover, the Arab spring marked a watershed, with the inclusion of Tunisia and Libya and addition of many topics, such as voting behavior, that were previously considered too sensitive. As a result, political scientists have dozens of largely untapped data sets to answer theoretical and policy questions. To make progress toward measuring and reducing total survey error, discussion is needed about quality issues, such as high rates of missingness and sampling challenges. Ongoing attention to ethics is also critical. This chapter discusses these developments and frames a substantive and methodological research agenda for improving data quality and survey practice in the Arab world.
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Nauta, Joske, Willem van Mechelen e Evert ALM Verhagen. Epidemiology and prevention of sports injuries. Editado por Neil Armstrong e Willem van Mechelen. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757672.003.0040.
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Although sports injuries in children are common, prevention of these injuries is paramount. In order to set out effective prevention programmes, epidemiological studies need to be conducted on incidence, severity, and aetiology of sports injuries. Furthermore, the effectiveness of a preventive measure must be assessed, and the eventual implementation of a programme closely evaluated. When conducting epidemiological studies in sports injuries the injury definition used can have a large impact on the outcome, especially as the aetiology of sports injuries is highly multi-causal and recursive. In addition to distinguishing between ‘sports injury’, ‘sports injury incidence’ and ‘sports participation’, the severity of the injury must be defined by taking six indices into consideration: nature of sports injuries, duration and nature of treatment, sports time loss, working/school time loss, permanent damage, and costs of sports injuries.
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Samanta, Jo, e Ash Samanta. 1. The contemporary healthcare environment. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198815204.003.0001.
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Each Concentrate revision guide is packed with essential information, key cases, revision tips, exam Q&As, and more. Concentrates show you what to expect in a law exam, what examiners are looking for, and how to achieve extra marks. This chapter provides an overview of the contemporary healthcare environment, with particular reference to the National Health Service (NHS) and its core principles, as well as its constitution. Access to health services as set out in section 3(1) of the National Health Service Act 2006 is also discussed, together with the quality of care provided for individuals. In addition, the chapter looks at the findings of the Francis Report, which conducted a public inquiry into acknowledged failings in the Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust, the government response to the report, and the future of the NHS.
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Jody M, Prescott. Part II Commentaries to Typical Sofa Rules, 22 Claims. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198808404.003.0022.
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This chapter posits that the three essential features of an ideal damage claims programme are transparency, consistency, and accountability. It provides a historical review of different claims programmes beginning with World War I and concluding with recent operations in Afghanistan, and assesses them against these three criteria. Because of the length of time over which they have been conducted, the vast scope of operations in which they have occurred, and their generally successful performance, this chapter focuses only on claims operations in the NATO context. It also briefly reviews the EU, UN, and the Warsaw Pact claims programmes, with particular regard to their relationships with NATO claims programmes. In addition, the US claims experiences in the NATO and NATO-led context are used to illustrate the details and complexities of settling claims resulting from military activities.
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Cairney, Paul. Paul A. Sabatier, “An Advocacy Coalition Framework of Policy Change and the Role of Policy-Oriented Learning Therein”. Editado por Martin Lodge, Edward C. Page e Steven J. Balla. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199646135.013.24.
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This chapter focuses on the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF), a highly influential approach to public policy that has been adopted in the United States and many other developed countries. The ACF first emerged in the 1990s, seeking to produce a general theory of policy-making based on the idea that people engage in politics to translate their beliefs, rather than their simple material interests, into action. In addition to representing an approach to the study of contemporary public policy, the ACF offers a set of ideas about how scientific enquiry should be conducted. The chapter examines how the ACF’s proponents, especially Paul Sabatier, have influenced the discussion of public policy as a discipline and a branch of science. After providing a summary of the ACF and its ideas, the discussion turns to its expansion and revision and how it has shaped thinking and research on public policy.
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Mura, Anna, e Tony J. Prescott. A sketch of the education landscape in biomimetic and biohybrid systems. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0064.
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The Living Machines approach, which can be seen as an exemplar methodology for a wider initiative towards “convergent science,” implies and requires a transdisciplinary understanding that bridges from between science and engineering and to the social sciences, arts, and humanities. In addition, it emphasizes a mix of basic and applied approaches whilst also requiring an awareness of the societal context in which modern research and innovation activities are conducted. This chapter explores the education landscape for postgraduate programs related to the concept of Living Machines, highlighting some challenges that should be addressed and providing suggestions for future course development and policy making. The chapter also reviews some of the within-discipline and across-discipline programs that currently exist, particularly within Europe and the US, and outlines an exemplar degree program that could provide the multi-faceted training needed to pursue research and innovation in Living Machines.
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Van Swol, Lyn M., Jihyun Esther Paik e Andrew Prahl. Advice Recipients. Editado por Erina L. MacGeorge e Lyn M. Van Swol. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190630188.013.2.
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This chapter examines the psychology of advice recipients, focusing on research predominantly conducted using the Judge Advisor System, in which a participant “judge” receives advice from one or more advisors but has ultimate responsibility for making the decision. First, it reviews methods of typical Judge Advisor System experiments. Next, it surveys the research to explore why decision makers often do not seek out advice, focusing on the costs of advice and decision-maker overconfidence. It then examines why decision makers underutilize the advice they receive due to factors like confirmation bias, egocentric discounting, and power. In addition, factors that increase the utilization of advice, such as trust, advisor confidence, and advisor expertise, are considered. Finally, the influence of advice-recipient power and reception to computerized advice are examined in depth. Finally, advice to decision makers about how to seek and utilize advice to make better decisions is provided.
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Jumet, Kira D. The June 30th Coup. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190688455.003.0007.
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This chapter identifies the discrepancy between real and perceived political opportunities and the effect this gap had on political mobilization for the June 30th protests in Egypt. The chapter relies on interview data and fieldwork conducted during the 2012 anti-Morsi protests, the 2013 coup, the months following the coup, and at protests in Tahrir Square and at the Rabaa al-Adawiya sit-in. In addition to outlining the politics surrounding President Morsi’s 2012 constitutional declaration, the subsequent protests, and how the Tamarod movement mobilized mass protests against Morsi that took place on June 30, 2013, the chapter also presents the details and step-by-step process of the 2013 military coup. The chapter explains post-coup politics, including the designation of the Muslim Brotherhood as a terrorist organization, the military’s mobilization of the public against the Muslim Brotherhood, the Rabaa al-Adawiya massacre, the cult of General Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, and the 2014 constitutional referendum and presidential elections.
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Whitfill, Travis, Heidi Rossetti e Michael C. Gottlieb. Psychological Testing and Assessment. Editado por John Z. Sadler, K. W. M. Fulford e Werdie (C W. ). van Staden. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198732372.013.22.
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Psychological evaluations are commonly conducted within psychiatric settings with the goal of informing treatment decisions that are intended to benefit the patient. In addition to a clinical interview and review of records, the evaluation includes the selection, administration, scoring, and interpretation of psychological testing. Guided by the question(s) from the referring party, this multifaceted process occurs within a setting of existing care that requires clarification of the roles/duties of the professionals and organizations relative to each other and the patient. Additionally, psychological testing involves unique ethical considerations (e.g., psychometrics) not typically encountered during psychotherapy or psychiatric care. A variety of standards, provided in the form of rules that require or prohibit specific behaviors, has been created by governing organizations in order to inform the ethical decision-making process while conducting psychological assessments. These standards are understood within the broader framework of aspirational principles of ethics (e.g., nonmaleficence) universal to biomedical practice.
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Durrant, Colin. The Framing of Choirs and Their Conductors. Editado por Frank Abrahams e Paul D. Head. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199373369.013.12.
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The British choral tradition is rooted in its ancient cathedrals and chapels, where the office of Evensong is sung, often daily. In addition, choral societies are to be found in most localities where singers come together and perform some of the major works in the western canon. Although singing itself occurs in a variety of forms this chapter looks at conductor-led choral singing. It does not give a fulsome picture of UK choral conducting and singing. Nonetheless, through a brief history starting from the John Curwen’s tonic sol-fa ideas for singing and culminating in a 20th century choral music renaissance; through an analysis of the English choral tradition; through a consideration of revivals of UK singing such as “Sing Up”; and through questionnaires and interviews with conductors and singers, the chapter explores some of the personal, cultural and sociological, educational, and musical issues and interests that can be found in the United Kingdom now.
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Young, Jami F., Laura Mufson e Christie M. Schueler. Preventing Adolescent Depression. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780190243180.001.0001.
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This book describes Interpersonal Psychotherapy–Adolescent Skills Training (IPT-AST), an interpersonally oriented depression prevention program for adolescents. The program developed from an interest in developing and studying a depression prevention program for youth who are experiencing depressive symptoms but do not yet qualify for a diagnosis of depression. The IPT-AST program is a predominantly group-based intervention that teaches communication and interpersonal problem-solving skills to improve relationships and prevent the development of depression. The book provides a detailed description of the IPT-AST program so readers can implement groups in different settings. In addition, there are chapters that outline key issues related to implementation of IPT-AST, including selecting adolescents to participate in group, conducting IPT-AST in schools and other diverse settings, working with adolescents at varying levels of risk for depression, and dealing with common clinical issues. Finally, the book outlines the research that has been conducted on this depression prevention program.
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Surdam, David George. Baseball and Broadcasting 1953. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039140.003.0011.
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This chapter focuses on Congressional hearings conducted in 1953 to address Major League Baseball's (MLB) television policies. In addition to their fears about the adverse effects of broadcasting and televising MLB games upon their gate receipts, baseball owners were concerned over their supply of minor league players. National Football League (NFL) owners were not too concerned about the effects of their telecasts upon college football; they relied on collegiate football to generate well-known, gifted players. Their baseball counterparts did not depend on this source. The issue was complicated by the variety of broadcasts into minor league territories: telecasts, live radio broadcasts, and radio broadcasts of re-created games. This chapter first considers the notion that telecasts of MLB games were responsible for minor league baseball's woes before discussing the issue over MLB owners' right to broadcast or telecast their games. It concludes with an assessment of the reasons behind the demise of minor league baseball teams.
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Finnegan, Cara A. Appropriating the Healthy Child. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039263.003.0004.
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This chapter examines a type of viewer response to visual narratives about child labor produced by Lewis Hine and others: Thomas Robinson Dawley Jr.'s 1912 book The Child That Toileth Not: The Story of a Government Investigation. Dawley's 490-page polemic, which contains more than 100 photographs, was based on field investigations of child labor that he conducted in Southern cotton mills while working for the U.S. Bureau of Labor. Dawley combines text and image to build a detailed refutation of Albert Beveridge and his ilk. In The Child That Toileth Not Dawley avoids picturing children actually working. Instead, he deploys vivid description to tell a story of the laboring child citizen's good fortune. In addition, Dawley finds in child labor photography, especially in the work of Hine, resources for strategic appropriation. By appropriating the structure, style, and strategies of a decade-old, multimodal anti-child labor narrative, Dawley repositions the working child as the apotheosis of the values of citizenship rather than their denigration.
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Scull, Margaret M. The Catholic Church and the Northern Ireland Troubles, 1968-1998. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198843214.001.0001.
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This book evaluates the role of the Catholic Church in mediating conflict situations, with the Northern Ireland ‘Troubles’ acting as a case study. Until surprisingly recently the only accounts of the Irish Catholic Church during this period were written by Irish priests and bishops and were commemorative, rather than analytical, in intent. During the conflict, these individuals often worked behind the scenes, acting as go-betweens for the British government and republican paramilitaries, with the aim of bringing about a peaceful solution. In addition, this study explores the impact of the English Catholic Church on the conflict and provides a broad analysis of key themes in the history of the Catholic Church during the ‘Troubles’. It argues for an entangled approach to this history, maintaining that we must study the actions of the American, Irish, and English Catholic Churches, as well as that of the Vatican, to uncover the full impact of the Church on the conflict. A critical analysis of previously neglected state documents alongside Irish and English Catholic Church archival material changes our perspective on the role of a religious institution in a modern conflict. Author-conducted interviews with leading priests, women religious, bishops, former paramilitaries, community organizers, and politicians add colour and nuance to the debate.
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Robertson, Mary. Growing Up Queer. NYU Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479879601.001.0001.
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Growing Up Queer explores what it is like being young and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and/or queer (LGBTQ) in the United States today. Using interviews and ethnographic research conducted at an LGBTQ youth drop-in center, it shows how young people understand their sexual and gender identities, their interest in queer media, and the role that family plays in their lives. The young people who participated in this research are among the first generation to embrace queer identities as kids and teens, and Growing Up Queer shows how both sexual and gender identities are formed through complicated, ambivalent processes, as opposed to the natural characteristics one is born with. In addition to showing how youth understand their identities, Growing Up Queer describes how young people navigate queerness within a culture in which being gay is the “new normal.” Using Sara Ahmed’s concept of queer orientation, it argues that being queer is not just about one’s sexual and/or gender identity but is also understood through intersecting identities including race, class, ability, and more. By showing how society accepts some kinds of LGBTQ-identified people while rejecting others, Growing Up Queer provides evidence of queerness as a site of social inequality. The book moves beyond an oversimplified examination of teenage sexuality and shows, through the voices of young people themselves, the exciting yet complicated terrain of queer adolescence.
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Zanarini, Mary. In the Fullness of Time. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780195370607.001.0001.
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Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is still seen in many settings as a chronic disorder. This book details the ways that it is symptomatically a “good prognosis” diagnosis. This is particularly seen in the high rate of remissions of BPD and its constituent symptoms. The rate of suicide is also good news, as it is half the expected rate from four follow-back studies conducted in the 1980s. Areas with a more guarded prognosis, particularly for those who have not recovered, are poor physical health and poor vocational adjustment. In addition, rates of other deaths are increasing and have surpassed the rate of deaths by suicide. This book covers the following topics: History of the borderline diagnosis, models of the core features of BPD, earlier studies of the longitudinal course of BPD, the McLean Study of Adult Development (MSAD), the symptoms of BPD assessed in MSAD, the long-term course of the symptoms of BPD, symptomatic remissions and recurrences of the borderline diagnosis, prevalence and predictors of physically self-destructive acts over time, additional symptom areas over time, psychosocial functioning over time, recovery from BPD, predictors of time-to-remission and recovery, co-occurring disorders over time, mental health treatment over time, physical health and medical treatment, adult victimization over time, sexual issues over time, defense mechanisms over time, and new directions.
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Md. Dahlan, Nuarrual Hilal. Corporate Insolvency Laws in Abandoned Housing Projects : Issues and Prospects. UUM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/9789670474755.
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This book discusses the provisions and legal principles under the Insolvency Law in Malaysia in face of the issue of abandoned housing projects and its rehabilitation. Apart from the Malaysian Insolvency Law, this book also analyses comparatively between the insolvency legal provisions and legal principles under the United Kingdom and Singapore Insolvency Laws. The approach of this book is by way of legal analyses over the relevant insolvency legal provisions in Malaysia, the United Kingdom and the Republic of Singapore. The discussion is further enriched and collaborated by the case studies conducted over several abandoned housing projects in Malaysia that have been subject to the insolvency administration. In addition, the author also provides relevant official statistics and reports of abandoned housing projects and numerous examples of abandoned housing project cases illustrating the diverse problems, complications, issues and grievances. The outcome and proposals of this book will be beneficial to the legal practitioners, judicial and legal services, insolvency practitioners, housing developers, financial institutions, contractors, housing consultants, technical agencies, land and state authorities, purchasers of units in abandoned housing projects, consumers associations, relevant private and government agencies and Federal and States Ministries, students and policy makers in the insolvency legal administration in Malaysia, particularly for those who are directly involved in abandoned housing projects and its rehabilitation in Malaysia .
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Gabrielle, Kaufmann-Kohler, e Rigozzi Antonio. International Arbitration: Law and Practice in Switzerland. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199679751.001.0001.
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This book expounds the theory of international arbitration law. It explains in easily accessible terms all the fundamental concepts of arbitration, from separability of the arbitration agreement to competence-competence over procedural autonomy, finality of the award, and many others. It does so with a focus on Swiss international arbitration law and jurisprudence, which are among the leading ones globally. Yet, its reach is broader than a commentary of Chapter 12 of the Swiss Private International Law Act as the foundations of international arbitration are common to most arbitration systems nowadays; the discussion contains numerous references to comparative law and developments. In addition to presenting the law extensively, the book discusses the practice of international tribunals. Written by two well-known specialists – Prof. Kaufmann-Kohler being one of the leading arbitrators worldwide and Prof. Rigozzi one of the foremost experts in sports arbitration – the work reflects many years of experience in managing arbitral proceedings involving commercial, investment and sports disputes. That knowhow is the basis for the solutions proposed to resolve the many practical issues that may arise in the course of an arbitration. It also informs the discussion of the arbitration rules addressed in the book, from the ICC Arbitration Rules to the Swiss Rules of International Arbitration, the CAS Code, and the UNCITRAL Rules. While the book covers commercial and sports arbitrations primarily, it also applies to investment arbitrations conducted under rules other than the ICSID framework.
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Mironova, Vera. From Freedom Fighters to Jihadists. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190939755.001.0001.
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This book examines the internal organization of armed groups, particularly their human resource practices. The authors look at the rebel armed groups through the prism of a labor market theory. In the Syrian civil war, extreme Islamist groups were able to siphon fighters off from moderate groups because they had better internal organization, took better care of fighters (physically and monetarily), and experienced less internal corruption. This book is based on more than six hundred survey-interviews with local civilians and fighters on the frontline in Syria (including members of al-Nusra and Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant [ISIS]) and a dataset of human resource policies from forty armed groups based on qualitative interviews with group leaders. In addition, active and former foreign fighters with ISIS and Jubhat al-Nusra were interviewed in Syria, Turkey, Ukraine, and Central Asia (where many former ISIS foreign fighters were hiding). In search of deeper answers on ideological issues, the author also penetrated an ultra-radical sect of former ISIS fighters known as chain takfiris who had abandoned ISIS because its ideology was not religiously radical enough. The author interviewed members of this extreme sect and studied their books, lectures, forums, and closed channels on social media. The author also conducted extensive ethnographic research in 2016 and 2017 while embedded with Iraqi Special Operations Forces during the Mosul operation. This allowed her to observe the behavior of ISIS members in the field and collect valuable information from the group’s internal documentation and from fighters’ personal notebooks.
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Cloete, Nico, Johann Mouton e Charles M. Sheppard. Doctoral Education in South Africa. African Minds, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.47622/9781928331001.
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Worldwide, in Africa and in South Africa, the importance of the doctorate has increased disproportionately in relation to its share of the overall graduate output over the past decade. This heightened attention has not only been concerned with the traditional role of the PhD, namely the provision of future academics; rather, it has focused on the increasingly important role that higher education - and, particularly, high-level skills - is perceived to play in national development and the knowledge economy. This book is unique in the area of research into doctoral studies because it draws on a large number of studies conducted by the Centre of Higher Education Trust (CHET) and the Centre for Research on Evaluation, Science and Technology (CREST), as well as on studies from the rest of Africa and the world. In addition to the historical studies, new quantitative and qualitative research was undertaken to produce the evidence base for the analyses presented in the book.The findings presented in Doctoral Education in South Africa pose anew at least six tough policy questions that the country has struggled with since 1994, and continues to struggle with, if it wishes to gear up the system to meet the target of 5 000 new doctorates a year by 2030. Discourses framed around the single imperatives of growth, efficiency, transformation or quality will not, however, generate the kind of policy discourses required to resolve these tough policy questions effectively. What is needed is a change in approach that accommodates multiple imperatives and allows for these to be addressed simultaneously.
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Chiovenda, Andrea. Crafting Masculine Selves. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190073558.001.0001.
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Crafting Masculine Selves represents a journey into the culture and psychological dynamics of a select group of Afghan Pashtun men. The book is based on eighteen months of fieldwork in a volatile area of Afghanistan, adjoining the border with Pakistan, carried out between 2009 and 2013. In addition to participant observation, the author employed a person-centered ethnographic methodology, wherein he conducted long-term, one-on-one interview sessions with four male individuals, and analyzed four additional life trajectories. The book unveils and chronicles how the creation and use of multiple subjectivities, and the unconscious, dissociative interplay that the individual maintains between them, is one of the “stratagems” with which individuals manage to make sense of what happens to them in real life, and to pragmatically inhabit personal circumstances that are often marred by conflict and violence, both at the interpersonal and at the political level. The main cultural thread the book investigates is that of masculinity, a crucial idiom in a very androcentric Pashtun society. Virtually all the interlocutors the book presents have to navigate deep private conflicts and contradictions related to how society expects them to be appropriate, proper men, against the backdrop of a sociopolitical Afghan context heavily impacted by almost forty years of uninterrupted war. Feeling constrained by the strict norms about a severe and honor-bound masculinity in a quickly changing Afghanistan, but equally striving to be culturally validated by their own peers, these men struggle to create and publicly legitimize their own, idiosyncratic way of being appropriate men. While they suffer at times the stern rebuke of their social environment, all the same they represent the seeds for a change of those very cultural norms.
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Baba, Kenshi, Masahiro Matsuura, Taiko Kudo, Shigeru Watanabe, Shun Kawakubo, Akiko Chujo, Hiroharu Tanaka e Mitsuru Tanaka. Climate Change Adaptation Strategies of Local Governments in Japan. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.597.
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The latest climate change adaptation strategies adopted by local governments in Japan are discussed. A nationwide survey demonstrates several significant findings. While some prefectures and major cities have already begun to prepare adaptation strategies, most municipalities have yet to consider such strategies. This gap must be considered when studying the climate adaptation strategies of local governments in Japan, as municipal governments are crucial to the implementation of climate adaptation strategies due to high diversity in climate impacts and geographical conditions among municipalities within each prefecture in Japan. Key challenges for local governments in preparing adaptation strategies are the lack of expert knowledge and experience in the field of climate change adaptation, and compartmentalization of government bureaus. To address these issues, an interview study of six model prefectures in the SI-CAT (Social Implementation Program on Climate Change Adaptation Technology) project by the MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) was conducted in order to understand the details of challenges raised by adaptation among local governments in Japan. The survey results reveal that local government officials lack information regarding impact projections and tools for evaluating policy options, even though some of them recognize some of the impacts of climate change on rice crop, vegetable, and fruit production. In addition, different bureaus, such as agriculture, public health, and disaster prevention, focus on different outcomes of climate change due to their different missions. As this is the inherent nature of bureaucratic organizations, a new approach for encouraging collaboration among them is needed. The fact that most of the local governments in Japan have not yet assessed the local impacts of climate change, an effort that would lay the groundwork for preparing adaptation strategies, suggests the importance of cyclical co-design that facilitates the relationship between climatic technology such as climate models and impact assessment and local governments’ needs so that the technology developments clarify the needs of local government, while those needs in turn nurture the seeds of technology.
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Ricci, Edmund M., Ernesto A. Pretto, Jr. e Knut Ole Sundnes. Disaster Evaluation Research. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198796862.001.0001.
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The ultimate hope and great challenge undertaken by the authors of this volume is to improve disaster preparedness and response efforts globally by providing a standardized way to conduct rigorous and comprehensive scientific evaluative studies of the medical and public health response to these horrific events. It is our strongly held belief that the framework for the conduct of evaluative studies, as developed by specialists in scientific evaluation, offers the most appropriate and comprehensive structure for such studies. Our ‘eight-step approach’ is based upon a conceptual framework that is now widely used by health organizations globally as a basis for the evaluation of community-based medical and public health programs. We contend that many more disaster-related injuries and deaths can be prevented if the concepts and methods of evaluation science are applied to disaster events. In Part 1 of this book we describe the basic concepts and scientific methods used by program evaluation scientists to assess the structure, process, and outcomes of medical and public health interventions. In addition, a detailed description of a comprehensive medical and public health response system is described. In Part 2 we present an eight-step model for conducting an evaluative study of the response, again with a focus on the medical and public health components. Ethical issues that come into play in the conduct of disaster evaluative disaster research, and how these should be addressed, are the focus of Chapter 13. The final chapter offers a look to the future as new technology for data collection becomes available. We are not so naïve as to believe that disaster preparedness and response will change as a direct result of the availability of scientifically conducted assessments. Change requires a double pronged commitment—leaders from both the ranks of government and of the health professions must carefully consider, fund, and adopt policy positions and programs that are based upon the findings and recommendations that emerge from scientific evaluation studies. That is the most certain pathway to a better future.
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Gao, Yanhong, e Deliang Chen. Modeling of Regional Climate over the Tibetan Plateau. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.591.
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The modeling of climate over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) started with the introduction of Global Climate Models (GCMs) in the 1950s. Since then, GCMs have been developed to simulate atmospheric dynamics and eventually the climate system. As the highest and widest international plateau, the strong orographic forcing caused by the TP and its impact on general circulation rather than regional climate was initially the focus. Later, with growing awareness of the incapability of GCMs to depict regional or local-scale atmospheric processes over the heterogeneous ground, coupled with the importance of this information for local decision-making, regional climate models (RCMs) were established in the 1970s. Dynamic and thermodynamic influences of the TP on the East and South Asia summer monsoon have since been widely investigated by model. Besides the heterogeneity in topography, impacts of land cover heterogeneity and change on regional climate were widely modeled through sensitivity experiments.In recent decades, the TP has experienced a greater warming than the global average and those for similar latitudes. GCMs project a global pattern where the wet gets wetter and the dry gets drier. The climate regime over the TP covers the extreme arid regions from the northwest to the semi-humid region in the southeast. The increased warming over the TP compared to the global average raises a number of questions. What are the regional dryness/wetness changes over the TP? What is the mechanism of the responses of regional changes to global warming? To answer these questions, several dynamical downscaling models (DDMs) using RCMs focusing on the TP have recently been conducted and high-resolution data sets generated. All DDM studies demonstrated that this process-based approach, despite its limitations, can improve understandings of the processes that lead to precipitation on the TP. Observation and global land data assimilation systems both present more wetting in the northwestern arid/semi-arid regions than the southeastern humid/semi-humid regions. The DDM was found to better capture the observed elevation dependent warming over the TP. In addition, the long-term high-resolution climate simulation was found to better capture the spatial pattern of precipitation and P-E (precipitation minus evapotranspiration) changes than the best available global reanalysis. This facilitates new and substantial findings regarding the role of dynamical, thermodynamics, and transient eddies in P-E changes reflected in observed changes in major river basins fed by runoff from the TP. The DDM was found to add value regarding snowfall retrieval, precipitation frequency, and orographic precipitation.Although these advantages in the DDM over the TP are evidenced, there are unavoidable facts to be aware of. Firstly, there are still many discrepancies that exist in the up-to-date models. Any uncertainty in the model’s physics or in the land information from remote sensing and the forcing could result in uncertainties in simulation results. Secondly, the question remains of what is the appropriate resolution for resolving the TP’s heterogeneity. Thirdly, it is a challenge to include human activities in the climate models, although this is deemed necessary for future earth science. All-embracing further efforts are expected to improve regional climate models over the TP.
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Xue, Yongkang, Yaoming Ma e Qian Li. Land–Climate Interaction Over the Tibetan Plateau. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.592.
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The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is the largest and highest plateau on Earth. Due to its elevation, it receives much more downward shortwave radiation than other areas, which results in very strong diurnal and seasonal changes of the surface energy components and other meteorological variables, such as surface temperature and the convective atmospheric boundary layer. With such unique land process conditions on a distinct geomorphic unit, the TP has been identified as having the strongest land/atmosphere interactions in the mid-latitudes.Three major TP land/atmosphere interaction issues are presented in this article: (1) Scientists have long been aware of the role of the TP in atmospheric circulation. The view that the TP’s thermal and dynamic forcing drives the Asian monsoon has been prevalent in the literature for decades. In addition to the TP’s topographic effect, diagnostic and modeling studies have shown that the TP provides a huge, elevated heat source to the middle troposphere, and that the sensible heat pump plays a major role in the regional climate and in the formation of the Asian monsoon. Recent modeling studies, however, suggest that the south and west slopes of the Himalayas produce a strong monsoon by insulating warm and moist tropical air from the cold and dry extratropics, so the TP heat source cannot be considered as a factor for driving the Indian monsoon. The climate models’ shortcomings have been speculated to cause the discrepancies/controversies in the modeling results in this aspect. (2) The TP snow cover and Asian monsoon relationship is considered as another hot topic in TP land/atmosphere interaction studies and was proposed as early as 1884. Using ground measurements and remote sensing data available since the 1970s, a number of studies have confirmed the empirical relationship between TP snow cover and the Asian monsoon, albeit sometimes with different signs. Sensitivity studies using numerical modeling have also demonstrated the effects of snow on the monsoon but were normally tested with specified extreme snow cover conditions. There are also controversies regarding the possible mechanisms through which snow affects the monsoon. Currently, snow is no longer a factor in the statistic prediction model for the Indian monsoon prediction in the Indian Meteorological Department. These controversial issues indicate the necessity of having measurements that are more comprehensive over the TP to better understand the nature of the TP land/atmosphere interactions and evaluate the model-produced results. (3) The TP is one of the major areas in China greatly affected by land degradation due to both natural processes and anthropogenic activities. Preliminary modeling studies have been conducted to assess its possible impact on climate and regional hydrology. Assessments using global and regional models with more realistic TP land degradation data are imperative.Due to high elevation and harsh climate conditions, measurements over the TP used to be sparse. Fortunately, since the 1990s, state-of-the-art observational long-term station networks in the TP and neighboring regions have been established. Four large field experiments since 1996, among many observational activities, are presented in this article. These experiments should greatly help further research on TP land/atmosphere interactions.