Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "ADN complémentaire – Dissertations universitaires comme sujet"
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Blancher, Christine. "Etude d'un nouvel adnc codant pour une proteine de la matrice extra cellulaire appartenant a la famille des pexines : la nectinepsine." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05S008.
Texto completo da fonteJullian, Eric. "Isoforme foetale des chaînes lourdes de la myosine squelettique humaine : isolement, structure primaire et expression du messager." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05CD04.
Texto completo da fonteLelièvre, Mélanie. "Étude de la biosynthèse des motifs di-, oligo- et polysialylés chez les mammifères : identification et caractérisation d'une nouvelle sialyltransférase humaine (hST8Sia VI)responsable de la biosynthèse de motifs diSia sur des O-glycosylprotéines." Lille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL10068.
Texto completo da fonteDupont, Jean-Michel. "Méthylation de l'ADN et régulation transcriptionnelle : ontogène de l'empreinte au cours de la spermatogénèse et conséquences sur l'architecture de l'hétérochromatine constitutive." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05CD06.
Texto completo da fonteLeemput, Julia. "ATM et OGG1 (ataxia telangiectasia mutated et 8-oxoguanine ADN glycosylase) : Etude de deux enzymes majeures impliquées dans la reconnaissance des lésions de l'ADN dans l'oeil de souris." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05T047.
Texto completo da fonteThe retina is particularly susceptible to oxidative stress due to high oxygen consumption and metabolic rates. The specific characteristics of the retina (high levels of oxygen consumption, light, polyunsatured fatty acids. . . ) lead to free radical, cell damages, ageing and diseases. Therefore, all these processes can contribute to the formation of oxidative DNA damage in the retinal cells. A difference between the localization patterns of the active and inactive forms of ATM in photoreceptor and granular cells was observed. This suggests that ATMp (activated form) may be involved in both the protection of cells from oxidative damage and the maintenance of ocular cell structure and function. OGG1, responsible for the recognition and excision of the 8-oxoG, is highly expressed in neuroretina and non-neuronal cells of the eye and a 8-oxoG DNA-glycosylase activity is detected in this tissue. Moreover, there is no retinal degeneration in Atm-/- and Ogg1-/- mice
Molina, Gomes Denise. "Caractérisation des modifications épigénétiques et des remaniements cryptiques complexes par l'analyse des chromosomes et fibres d'ADN peignées par hybridation in situ." Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05N09S.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis work was organized around the localization of candidate genes for a variety of human pathologies, with a particular focus on the use of small size DNA probes to alow a very precise mapping. Five localizations were successfully performed. The characterization of the genomic region of the SMN gene through the development of in situ hybridazion on combed DNA from patients to provide a precise cartography. . DNA methylation studiesin the context of the ICF syndrome. We showed that despite its hypomethylated status, the facultative heterochromatin (inactive X chromosome) of ICF female patients maintained its global epigenetic characteristics. We also performed an analysis of methylation variations in murine preimplantation embryos and revealed specific methylation patterns associated with this critical period
Renault, Éric. "Dynamique reactionnelle de l'etat excite triplet et des especes radicalaires de l'antitumoral pazelliptine en milieu aqueux et vis a vis des acides nucleiques : une etude par photolyse laser et radiolyse pulsee." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05S001.
Texto completo da fonteLapoumeroulie, Claudine. "Polymorphisme des beta thalassemies en algerie : caracterisation structurale et fonctionnelle d'une mutation nouvelle." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05S005.
Texto completo da fonteSarzi, Emmanuelle. "Caractérisation génétique et phénotypique des déplétions de l'ADN mitochondrial." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05T048.
Texto completo da fonteMitochondrial diseases are a common group of metabolism pathologies. Nowadays, they represent more than 17% of our clinical consultations. Multiple respiratory chain deficiency account for an important number of mitochondrial disease and are characterised by a multi-systemic organ involvement leading to early death. Since these last 15 years, we have recruited a large number of patients with multiple respiratory chain deficiency. In 2001, it has been shown that a mtDNA quantitative anomaly was at the origin of this defect also named mtDNA depletions. The large number of patients with multiple respiratory chain deficiency and the weak yield of molecular diagnosis prompt us to consider mtDNA depletion as a cause of multiple respiratory chain deficiency. The aim of this work was firstly to estimate the incidence of mtDNA depletion in our series of multiple respiratory chain cases. Then, we characterised the genetic and phenotypic features of mtDNA depletions. Finaly, the study of one family among our consanguineous and/or multiplex patients allowed us to identify a new gene responsible for mtDNA depletions associated with a hepatocerebral failure. This gene also named PEO1 encodes for the mitochondrial Twinkle helicase which has been ever known to cause adult onset PEO in a dominant transmission. Finally, we have studied another consanguineous family with multiple respiratory chain deficiency and hepatic failure. This work allowed us to improve the genetic counselling in our laboratory especially for all patients with multiple respiratory chain deficiency associated with a mtDNA depletion
Bourdon, Alice. "Ribonucléotide réductase et synthèse de l'ADN mitochondrial." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05T006.
Texto completo da fonteMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletions are characterized by a decreased number of mtDNA molecules and constitute a major cause of respiratory chain deficiency. This work allowed us to identify a new nuclear gene of mtDNA depletion associated with a severe encephalomyopathy leading to death in the first months of age. This gene encodes a small ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) subunit p53R2 which is a target of the transcription factor p53. RNR catalyses the reduction of the nucleotides into their corresponding desoxyribonucleotides, which is the rate limiting step for DNA synthesis. The second part of this work focuses on the role of p53R2 in mtDNA replication studying its subcellular localization and the expression of the subunits of RNR in several mouse tissues during development
Ermishov, Mikhail. "Etude des complexes de médicaments antiviraux et antitumoraux par spectroscopies Raman et SERS." Reims, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REIMP203.
Texto completo da fonte@The study of mechanisms of interactions of the molecules showing antiviral and/or antitumoral activity represents an essential stage in design of new generations of these agents. In this work, Raman and Raman Surface-Enhanced Scattering (SERS) spectroscopy and other spectroscopic methods were employed for investigation of sialic acid compounds and their supramolecular assemblies as well as for study of complexes of antitumoral drugs bis-netropsins and topotecan, the inhibitors of human DNA topoisomérase I (topo I), with DNA. The results obtained elucidate the molecular mechanisms responsible for the antiviral and/or antitumoral activity of the compounds studied and can be used as a basis for the development of new molecules possessing higher activity
Sbai, Hakima. "Contribution à l'étude de la réponse immunitaire induite par l'immunisation par l'ADN : anticorps et récepteurs cellulaires pour immunisation par l'ADN." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05CD06.
Texto completo da fonteSteffann, Julie. "Etude de la ségrégation de l'ADN mitochondrial au cours du développement embryofoetal humain." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05N17S.
Texto completo da fonteInherited disorders resulting from mutations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are serious diseases with a high recurrence risk due to their maternal mode of inheritance. Variability in clinical severity and various multi-tissual involvement result in a large extent from the coexistence of wild-type and mutant mtDNA molecules in various proportions in different tissues (heteroplasmy). Uncertainties regarding the potential variation of heteroplasmy load during human embryofetal development had hampered the development of prenatal (PND) and preimplantation (PGD) diagnostic procedures. Moreover, the restriction of the mtDNA molecule number, through a putative bottleneck at the time of
Casefont-Ducancelle, Alexandra. "ADN polymérase du cytomégalovirus humain : activité enzymatique et sensibilité aux entiviraux." Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05N15S.
Texto completo da fonteAnti-cytomegalovirus drug foscarnet, is an inhibitor of viral DNA polymerase pUL54. We aimed to analyse the impact of UL54 mutations on polymerase activity and foscarnet resistance. Mutations were introduced by mutagenesis into gene UL54 and wild-type and mutated DNA polymerases were expressed in vitro. We developed a colorimetric assay to measure DNA polymerase activity in the absence and presence of foscarnet. We demonstrated the usefulness of this DNA polymerase phenotypic assay for the characterization of mutation suspected to confer foscarnet resistance. Change N495K and combination of S291P and combination and K415R were shown to induce foscarnet resistance for the first time, confirming the wide distribution of foscarnet-resistance mutations through gene UL54. The role of N495K was confirmed by rescue marker. We assessed the major role of serine 771 on polymerase catalytic function and of amino-acids 412 and 413 on 3'5' exonuclease activity
Saidj, Rachid. "Les gènes BRCA et FANC : implication dans la réparation des cassures double brin de l'ADN chez l'homme." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05P609.
Texto completo da fonteThe BRCA and FANC genes (respectively implicated in breast cancer predisposition and in Fanconi anemia) are classified as “caretakers” tumor suppressor genes and are involved in the maintenance of genomic stability. These genes are tightly associated and could participate in a common pathway. The aim of my thesis work was to improve our understanding of there function in the DNA double strand break (DSB) repair in Human cells. By using molecular approaches based on intra- or extra- chromosomal substrates, carrying model-DSB, we studied the impact of siRNA mediated depletion of these factors on the two major DSB repair pathways in mammalian cells: End-joining (EJ) and Homologous Recombination (HR). We have shown that: (i) BRCA1 depletion severely impairs the EJ pathway, (ii) the novel interaction between BRCA1 and XRCC4 (a key actor of EJ), constitutes a molecular and functional link between BRCA1 and this repair pathway; (iii) depletion of the Fanconi genes products FANCF and FANCG, which belong to the core complex, leads to an impairment of EJ but does not affect HR; (iv) FANCJ and FANCD1/BRCA2 which act downstream of the complex, control HR. On conclusion, our work shows that the BRCA/FANC pathway is implicated in DSB repair, and suggests a tight specialisation of each gene
Cherif, Chabane. "Substitution de l'ADN mitochondrial entre la lignée de souris CBA/H et NZB : effets sur des traits comportementaux sensori-moteurs et mnésiques à l'âge de 6 et 12 mois." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05A001.
Texto completo da fonteBuck, Dietke. "Analyse moléculaire de patients présentant un déficit immunitaire combiné avec microcéphalie associé à un défaut général de la réparation de l'ADN." Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05N34S.
Texto completo da fonteMolecular analysis of patients presenting combined immunodeficiency and microcephaly associated with a general DNA repair defect DNA double strand breaks (DNA dsb) formed during V(D)J recombination are modified and ligated by general DNA repair factors of the non homologous end joining pathway (NHEJ), which comprises six known proteins : Ku70/Ku86/DNAPKcs, Artemis and Xrcc4/Lig4. First, we have shown that hypomorphic mutations of Lig4 are able to cause severe combined immunodeficiency associated to radiosensitivity (RS-SCID) in humans, characterized by a V(D)J recombination defect in vitro, which is complemented by the wild-type form of Lig4. Second, we have identified a new V(D)J/NHEJ factor by functional and genetic analysis of a group of patients presenting a phenotype similar to Lig4 deficient patients. The gene encoding this new factor, which we have called Cernunnos, is mutated in all analysed patients. The NHEJ deficiency observed in the patients' cells is complemented by the wild-type form of Cernunnos
Benel, Laurent. "Influence du transfert in vitro et des conditions de culture sur l'activité et la biogenèse mitochondriales du chondrocyte articulaire de lapin." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA114809.
Texto completo da fonteBertin, Aurélie. "Compréhension des mécanismes électrostatiques impliqués dans la plasticité structurale de la chromatine eucaryote." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA114813.
Texto completo da fonteGruzza, Maryse. "Étude de la dissémination dans l'écosystème, tube digestif, de gènes étrangers hébergés par "Lactococcus lactis"." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA114801.
Texto completo da fonteSavouret, Cédric. "La dystrophie myotonique de Steinert. Trinucléotides CTG et réparation de l'ADN : les liaisons dangereuses." Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05P621.
Texto completo da fonteMyotonic Dystrophy is due to the amplification of a CTG repeat tract, and patients show both intergenerational and somatic CTG instability. The laboratory has created transgenic mice models with 20, 55 or 300 CTG, that reproduce the instability features observed in patients. This thesis was to understand through which mechanism are the expansions generated. To assay the role of DNA repair, I have bred the 300 CTG mice with mice deficient for genes from different repair pathways. The most striking results were obtained with Msh2: in its absence, trinucleotide expansion disappear, and a majority of contractions is observed. Msh2 is thus necessary for intergenerational and somatic expansions to occur. I could also demonstrate that germinal expansions are produced at the very beginning of spermatogenesis, in spermatogonia
Foiry, Laurent. "La dystrophie myotonique de Steinert : instabilité des triplets répétés CTG et métabolisme de l'ADN." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05P620.
Texto completo da fonteMyotonic Dystrophy type 1 (DM1) a multisystemic disorder caused by a CTG repeat expansion in the 3’-UTR part of the DMPK gene. The CTG repeat number increases in parental transmissions, which provides a molecular explanation of the anticipation phenomenon commonly observed in DM1 families. The CTG repeat size also increases in tissues which could explain the increasing severity of symptoms in patients during their life. In order to identify the molecular mechanism involved in CTG repeat instability, I crossed the DM1 mouse model of the lab with DNA repair and DNA replication deficient mice (knocked-out for Msh2, Msh3, Msh6, p53, Rad52 and Ligase I). In this thesis, large intergenerational expansions (+300 CTG in one single generation) are described for the first time in a mouse model. Hypothesis about CTG repeat instability mechanisms and various therapeutic approaches are presented in this manuscript
El, Alaoui Abdessamad. "Synthèses et évaluations biologiques de prodrogues du SN-38, du paclitaxel et du RO5-4864 utilisables dans le cadre de stratégies de vectorisation par enzyme immunociblée ou par la toxine de Shiga." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05P638.
Texto completo da fonteTraditional cancer chemotherapy relies on the premise that rapidly proliferating cancer cells are more likely to be killed by a cytotoxic agent. In reality, however, cytotoxic agents have very little or no specificity, which leads to systemic toxicity, causing severe undesirable side effects. Therefore, the concept of prodrug seems to be an alternative to improve the solubility and target the drugs close to the tumors. During this work, two strategies of targeting have been used to improve the therapeutic efficiency of the SN-38, the paclitaxel and the RO5-4864, three cytotoxic agents : the ADEPT strategy (Antibody Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy) and the use of the B subunit of the Shiga toxin as tool of vectorisation. We prepared several prodrugs deferring each by his linker and his manner to be activated. The synthesis and the biological evaluation of the prodrugs are presented in this manuscript
Denamur, Erick. "Étude de la diversité génétique de Pseudomonas aeruginosa par le polymorphisme des estérases et de l'ADN ribosomal." Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA114842.
Texto completo da fonte