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1
Austin, Gareth. "African Economic History in Africa". Economic History of Developing Regions 30, n.º 1 (2 de janeiro de 2015): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20780389.2015.1033686.
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Miller, Joseph C. "History and Africa/Africa and History". American Historical Review 104, n.º 1 (fevereiro de 1999): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2650179.
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Moore, Sean, e Michael Jukes. "The History of Baculovirology in Africa". Viruses 15, n.º 7 (7 de julho de 2023): 1519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15071519.
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Baculovirology has been studied on the African continent for the development of insect virus-based biopesticides and, to a much lesser extent, vaccine production and delivery, since the 1960s. In this review, we focus only on baculoviruses as biopesticides for agricultural pests in Africa. At least 11 species of baculovirus have been discovered or studied on the African continent, some with several distinct isolates, with the objective in most cases being the development of a biopesticide. These include the nucleopolyhedroviruses of Helicoverpa armigera, Cryptophlebia peltastica, Spodoptera exempta, Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera littoralis, and Maruca vitrata, as well as the granuloviruses of Cydia pomonella, Plutella xylostella, Thaumatotibia (Cryptophlebia) leucotreta, Choristoneura occidentalis, and Phthorimaea operculella. Eleven different baculovirus-based biopesticides are recorded as being registered and commercially available on the African continent. Baculoviruses are recorded to have been isolated, researched, utilised in field trials, and/or commercially deployed as biopesticides in at least 13 different African countries. Baculovirus research is ongoing in Africa, and researchers are confident that further novel species and isolates will be discovered, to the benefit of environmentally responsible agricultural pest management, not only in Africa but also elsewhere.
4
Funari, Raquel dos Santos. "Ancient Africa and the teaching of history". Heródoto: Revista do Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre a Antiguidade Clássica e suas Conexões Afro-asiáticas 3, n.º 2 (30 de janeiro de 2019): 205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31669/herodoto.v3n2.17.
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The paper deals with the subject of ancient Africa in teaching of history inBrazil. It deals with the ways in which African Antiquity has been and can beportrayed in education, to propose a more complex, profound and inspiringpicture. It turns to the antiquity of human presence in Africa, through learningsituations. Egypt shines as part of African culture. It concludes by stressingthe role of history classes for the recognition of African presence muchbefore and beyond the modern period.
5
Collins, John. "The early history of West African highlife music". Popular Music 8, n.º 3 (outubro de 1989): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143000003524.
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Highlife is one of the myriad varieties of acculturated popular dance-music styles that have been emerging from Africa this century and which fuse African with Western (i.e. European and American) and islamic influences. Besides highlife, other examples include kwela, township jive and mbaqanga from South Africa, chimurenga from Zimbabwe, the benga beat from Kenya, taraab music from the East African coast, Congo jazz (soukous) from Central Africa, rai music from North Africa, juju and apala music from western Nigeria, makossa from the Cameroons and mbalax from Senegal.
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Kravchenko, Mariia. "Integration associations for Sub-Saharan Africa: history and prospects for development". Bulletin of Mariupol State University. Series: History. Political Studies 10, n.º 28-29 (2020): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-2830-2020-10-28-29-52-62.
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The article deals with the main integration associations of such a promising but controversial region, as Sub-Saharan Africa. The author emphasizes the continuity of regional integration associations’ formation that goes back to the colonial times, to the first half of the 20th century. Periodization of ongoing integration processes in Sub-Saharan Africa is proposed in the research. Key milestones for the further regional integration were: - 1963, the foundation of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU); and the beginning of Independence for many postcolonial countries of Sub-Saharan Africa; - 1980, the Lagos Plan of Action adoption that led to the establishment in future of the following integration associations for Sub-Saharan Africa: ECOWAS, Economic Community of West African States; COMESA, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa; ECCAS, Economic Community of Central African States; - 1991, the signing of the Abuja Treaty, which called for the African Economic Community creation as the new stage for economic cooperation and integration of the continent, including Sub-Saharan Africa; - 1999-2002, the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) transition into the African Union (AU), launching of new partnerships and integration associations for Sub-Saharan Africa, increased integration. At the beginning of the 21st century, there are serious economic and political factors for disintegration in the region. Nevertheless, the following integration associations, as stated in the article, proved to be effective: SADC, Southern African Development Community; EAC, East African Community; COMESA, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa. The author argues that the existence since 2015 the Tripartite Free Trade Area (TFTA) between EAC, COMESA and SADC marks a significant step forward for strengthening of integration associations for Sub-Saharan Africa, as well as for the achievement of African Union’s purpose to provide the African Continental Free Trade Area.
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Isaacman, Allen, Bogumil Jewsiewicki e David Newbury. "African Historiographies: What History, for Which Africa?" Contemporary Sociology 17, n.º 2 (março de 1988): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2070542.
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July, Robert W., Bogumil Jewsiewicki e David Newbury. "African Historiographies: What History for Which Africa?" International Journal of African Historical Studies 20, n.º 4 (1987): 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/219680.
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Jefferson, Alphine W., Bogumil Jewsiewicki e David Newbury. "African Historiographies: What History for Which Africa". Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 22, n.º 2 (1988): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/485924.
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Miller, Joseph C., Bogumil Jewsiewicki e David Newbury. "African Historiographies: What History for Which Africa?" African Economic History, n.º 16 (1987): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3601280.
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Knight, Frederick. "African Americans and Africa: A New History". Journal of American History 107, n.º 2 (1 de setembro de 2020): 438–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jaaa238.
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JENKINS, RAY. "African Historiographies: What History for which Africa?" African Affairs 86, n.º 342 (janeiro de 1987): 123–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a097857.
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Smythe, Kathleen. "Africa In The World". Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 29, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 2004): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.29.1.23-35.
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African history is less consistently integrated into world history than other geographical regions. World history textbooks discuss African history more now than they did a decade ago, but Africa is usually only treated in any significant detail after 1000 CE (ancient Egypt being the exception).1 This is due in part, at least, to the fact that African historians have generally not situated their works and discoveries within a wider frame of world historical developments. Scholars of other regions, therefore, continue to assume that throughout its history Africa was isolated and perpetually lagging behind, thus mimicking historical precedents elsewhere.2 Achille Mbembe laments Africa's academic isolation, contending that: To a very large extent, the confinement of Africa to area studies and the inability of African criticism to think in terms of the "world" go together. These two factors are crucial in explaining why the study of Africa has had such a feeble impact on the life of the various disciplines in particular, and on social theory in general.3
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Garcia Pinto, Luciano César. "Ancient History in Africa and Africa in Ancient History". Heródoto: Revista do Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre a Antiguidade Clássica e suas Conexões Afro-asiáticas 3, n.º 2 (29 de janeiro de 2019): 06. http://dx.doi.org/10.31669/herodoto.v3n2.05.
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Martin, Guy. "Dream of Unity: From the United States of Africa to the Federation of African States". African and Asian Studies 12, n.º 3 (2013): 169–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341261.
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Abstract The Pan-Africanists leaders’ dream of unity was deferred in favor of the gradualist/functionalist perspective embodied in a weak and loosely-structured Organization of African Unity (OAU) created on 25 May 1963 in Addis Ababa (Ethiopia). This article analyses the reasons for this failure, namely: the reluctance of newly-independent African leaders to abandon their newly-won sovereignty in favor of a broader political unity; suspicion on the part of many African leaders that Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana intended to become the super-president of a united Africa; and divide and rule strategies on the part of major Western powers (including the United States and France) meant to sabotage any attempt at African unity. The African Union which, on 26 May 2001, formally replaced the OAU, is also bound to fail because it is modeled on the European Union. The article then briefly surveys proposals for a re-configuration of the African states and a revision of the political map of Africa put forth by various authors, namely: Cheikh Anta Diop’s Federal African State; Marc-Louis Ropivia’s geopolitics of African regional integration; Makau wa Mutua’s and Arthur Gakwandi’s new political maps of Africa; Joseph Ki-Zerbo’s Federal African State; Daniel Osabu-Kle’s United States of Africa; Godfrey Mwakikagile’s African Federal Government; and Pelle Danabo’s pan-African Federal State. The article concludes with an overview of Mueni wa Muiu’s Fundi wa Afrika paradigm advocating the creation of a Federation of African States (FAS) based on five sub-regional states with a federal capital (Napata) and a rotating presidency, eventually leading to total political and economic integration.
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Semley, Lorelle, Terri Barnes, Bayo Holsey e Egodi Uchendu. "Future Directions in History in Africa". History in Africa 50 (maio de 2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hia.2023.16.
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With the 50th volume of History in Africa, the journal is not quite fifty years old. As we prepare for the 50th anniversary of the journal next year, it is a perfect time to examine the present and imagine the future of our field. Conceived as a journal concerned with historical method, scholarly debate, and sources, History in Africa has both generated and reflected significant epistemological change. But we also recognize that African history and African Studies, more generally, are engaged in longstanding and ongoing struggles to move beyond colonial ways of knowing.1 How can History in Africa actively reorient and reimagine its role in this crucial intellectual work?
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Balezin, Alexander. "Africa in World History: Interpretations of Soviet Historiography". ISTORIYA 14, S23 (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840025590-8.
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In Soviet historical science from the very beginning of its formation in the 1920’s, Western pro-colonial historiography's claims that Africa is a continent without a history have been heavily criticized. Back in the late 1920’s USSR, a program was developed for the study of the history of Black Africa from the ancient history and onwards. It was an absolutely innovative program for world African studies, for the first time making the history of African peoples, and not the white man in Africa, the subject of study in the context of world history. Soviet Africanists have priority in the study of such problems of African history as the colonial exploitation of the African peoples and their struggle against colonialism. They drew attention to the study of the pre-colonial history of the peoples of the continent in all its diversity. Despite the fact that Soviet scientists were practically deprived of the opportunity to work in foreign archives of both the West and Africa itself, and even, even briefly, visit the Black Continent, they managed to collect extensive material on the history of the peoples of the continent, comprehend it, open a number of new areas of historical research and go beyond the official Marxist-Leninist understanding of history in the country. Soviet historical African studies did not represent a single array. We can talk about the research of the Leningrad school, which is characterized by complex historical and ethnological research, and the school of Davidson with its opposition to ideological dominants and the search for new topics and directions, as well as sources for their research.
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Beck, Thomas J. "Africa Commons: History and Culture". Charleston Advisor 25, n.º 2 (1 de outubro de 2023): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5260/chara.25.2.07.
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Africa Commons: History and Culture refers to one of the four modules in the African Commons database. The History and Culture resource (i.e., module) covers the cultures and history of Africa and offers the user more than 400,000 documents, including periodicals, books, images, and multimedia, ranging in date from the eleventh century to the present. The content is drawn from numerous institutions (e.g., universities and colleges, libraries, museums, corporations, governments) and countries (mostly in Africa) and covers almost 150 separate topics. As with other databases that provide images of original, historical documents, the readability of the materials available here can vary. Some are notably faded and therefore not easily read, though doing so is certainly not impossible. How exactly to navigate, enlarge, and reduce documents varies somewhat, as they are drawn from different online sources, but can usually be done without difficulty. Database content can be browsed and/or searched for by Title or Author or in the Summary, Full Text, or All Fields. However, searches by Title or in the Summary can often produce limited results, while those in Full Text or All Fields are far more productive. Even though the Search and Browse options are understandable and frequently produce useful content, it can be difficult to determine how relevant the search results are to the query submitted because the titles are generally not descriptive and summaries lack detail. Pricing is determined by the type and size of an institution, and consortia discounts are available. The content is in many ways exceptional, given its great breadth and depth, so it will be very useful to students and researchers of African history and culture, despite the difficulties mentioned above. While the licensing agreement for this database is too long and detailed, its provisions are average and give little reason for concern.
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Nantambu, Kwame. "Book Review: Review Article: Africa and African People in World History: Understanding Contemporary Africa, African History, a History of the African People, Plundering Africa's Past". A Current Bibliography on African Affairs 28, n.º 2 (dezembro de 1996): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001132559702800204.
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Pouwels, Randall L., e Kevin Shillington. "History of Africa". International Journal of African Historical Studies 24, n.º 1 (1991): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/220122.
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Lawler, Nancy, e Kevin Shillington. "History of Africa". International Journal of African Historical Studies 27, n.º 2 (1994): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/221069.
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Zachernuk, Philip S., e Kevin Shillington. "History of Africa". African Studies Review 33, n.º 2 (setembro de 1990): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/524480.
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McCann, James, e Kevin Shillington. "History of Africa". International Journal of African Historical Studies 29, n.º 2 (1996): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/220555.
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Epprecht, Marc. "Sexuality, Africa, History". American Historical Review 114, n.º 5 (dezembro de 2009): 1258–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.114.5.1258.
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Doortmont, Michel R. "Making History in Africa: David Henige and the Quest for Method in African History". History in Africa 38 (2011): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2011.0001.
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My own history with David Henige goes back to 1985, when I had just finished a master's degree in African studies at the Centre of West African Studies in Birmingham, England, and was looking for a place and a supervisor for a planned doctoral dissertation involving a historiographical study of Nigeria. One of my supervisors, Tom McCaskie, suggested getting in touch with Henige, to see if he could assist me. The reply was elaborate and positive, which I appreciated much. Circumstances for graduate students at the time being quite different from the present, and funding systems for study abroad still in their infancy, the plan came to nothing. The connection with Henige and his work was there to stay, however.This article is an effort to give a reflection on David Henige's career and his impact on the discipline of history in Africa, through his work as editor of History in Africa. The scope of the reflection is limited, as we concentrate on David's own contributions, rather than setting him and his work in a comparative framework. When David Henige started History in Africa in 1974, it was yet another scholarly journal on Africa, in an ever-growing series, counting already more than two hundred titles, as Henige pointed out himself. And indeed, in such circumstances, a new journal needs ‘to justify itself to the audience it addresses.’
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Ellis, Stephen. "Reporting Africa". Current History 99, n.º 637 (1 de maio de 2000): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2000.99.637.221.
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How—and by whom—is certain information identified as news, especially with regard to Africa? And what role does the African press play in determining what foreign journalists regard as news—and in providing information for the African public?
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Hart, Jennifer. "Introduction: Digital History in African Studies". History in Africa 47 (16 de março de 2020): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hia.2020.5.
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AbstractThis brief introduction to a special section on Digital History in African Studies situates three articles on recent digital humanities initiatives among African historians within the broader histories of the use of digital methodologies in the study of Africa. In particular, it highlights the way that Africanist digital scholarship sits at the intersection of digital historical representation, community engagement, and academic research. While Africanist digital history builds on the work of a much broader digital humanities community, historians of Africa also draw on their discipline’s long history of methodological innovation to raise important questions about the potential contributions and limitations of digital technologies in academic research.
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CORLAN – IOAN, SIMONA. "HISTORY AND MEMORY, HISTORY AS MEMORY". Analele Universităţii din Bucureşti - Istorie 69, n.º 1-2/2020 (1 de dezembro de 2022): 129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.62229/aubi/69/1-2_20/12.
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Starting with the late 1980ʹs and early 1990ʹs, the field of Western historiography was pervaded by studies on the history of memory against the background of mentalities, the birth of the history of present time and the struggle of oral history to promote itself (time of roots, genealogies, commemorations); it was also the time for a growing interest in an alternative history of Africa built upon memories. Museums felt empowered to interrogate current histories, while the older ones revisited the very concepts upon which they had been previously built. Memories felt compelled to question history – and to rectify it. Certain researchers felt obliged to bring forth the memorial constructions. While in Europe memories were invited to permanently defy history, in Africa their task was, from the beginning, that of investing history with truth. Very scarce were here the invitations to relativism. Memories in Africa brought with them a familiar past that was allegedly colonized and suppressed Furthermore, waking up dormant memories from before the recent, Western colonial past was part of the identity building process in Africa: such narratives justified the individual via his/her ancestors, ethnic group peers and generations. On top of that, local intellectuals built on the national and continental identity. Based on the common roots, the emerging African discourse blamed recent history for the rupture with the long durée. Celebration and commemoration are still the barometers of existing, different types of memories (individual, communities, official). The controversial heritage of juxtaposed memories requires a separate interpretation. The Kermel Square in downtown Dakar, Senegal, is such an example. The walls of the main building and the surrounding building of colonial French architecture are overlapped with imprints of the more recent national memory, and the latter is the sworn enemy of the former. Each nation-state has its own heroes and places of memory, while few remember when the stories associated with them were born. We are now left with just their compulsory, ceremonial re-visitations.
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Egbunu, Emmanuel A. S. "Anglicanism in Africa: History, Identity, and Mission". Unio Cum Christo 8, n.º 2 (1 de outubro de 2022): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.35285/ucc8.2.2022.art12.
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A historical perspective is a vital part of insight into Anglicanism in Africa. This article assesses the role of missionaries when colonialists and missionaries were often perceived as collaborators. Further, the African nations’ struggle for independence impacted issues of identity and enculturation, so it offers a review of the place of African cultural and religious practices in this new faith, including the place of the uneducated in a seemingly elite religion and how addressing this necessitated liturgical renewal and other adaptations. Finally, it will look at the Anglican mission in African societies in relation to leadership, injustice, poverty, disease, secularization, and a restive youth population and highlight African Anglicans’ response to Western revisionist tendencies and redefinitions of gender and family. KEYWORDS: Anglicanism, bishop, colonialism, historical perspective, identity, Kikuyu Conference, East African Revival, missionary
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SCHMIDT, PETER R., e JONATHAN R. WALZ. "HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY IN AFRICA: NOBLE CLAIMS, REVISIONIST PERSPECTIVES, AND AFRICAN VOICES? African Historical Archaeologies. Edited by Andrew M. Reid and Paul J. Lane. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2004. Pp. 408. $70, paperback (ISBN 0-306-47996-6)." Journal of African History 46, n.º 2 (julho de 2005): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853705000484.
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The editors of this volume affiliate their mission with an amplified and heightened sense of history that has swept Africanist scholarship in the post-independence era. They claim to take historical archaeology in Africa in a new direction by beginning the process of constructive interaction between history and archaeology (pp. 27-8). An intended component of their project is to create ‘alternative histories rooted in explicitly African sources’ (p. 16). They further raise our anticipation that the volume will examine the disjuncture between the practice of archaeology and contemporary life on most of the continent. This is a noble sentiment, yet the contributors fail to draw on African scholars who attempt to make archaeology pertinent to daily African lives. The editors' insistence on African representations in writing the past is poignantly contradicted by the paucity of African authors in their volume fourteen years after Peter Robertshaw's A History of African Archaeology was faulted for its failure to include more than two (non-white) African contributors. This practice largely restricts knowledge production to hegemonic Western perspectives and subverts the book's primary rhetorical theme of giving ‘voice’ to silenced African pasts. The cost of the paperback – $70 – also hinders access to African readers and their capacity to engage issues that arise in the fourteen chapters, three of which focus on West Africa, three on East Africa, one on North Africa and five on southern Africa.
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Zagrebelnaya, N. S., e V. N. Shitov. "HISTORY OF NATIONAL ECONOMIC SYSTEM FORMATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA". MGIMO Review of International Relations, n.º 3(48) (28 de junho de 2016): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2016-3-48-273-279.
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The article analyses specific historic features of formation of agrarian and industrial sectors of Republic of South Africa since the establishment of Cape Colony. These features resulted from much earlier colonization of South Africa in comparison with other Sub-Saharan African countries on the one hand and from a large-scale influx of Europeans to the South Africa on the other hand. The two most important of these specific features are the following. First. Contrary to other countries of Sub-Saharan Africa development of the agrarian sector of Republic of South Africa was based on private property and western technologies from the start. Second. The sector is not divided into «African» and «European» sub-sectors, and South-African agricultural produce has always been oriented to both: external and internal markets. Development of industrial sector of Republic of South Africa started with creation of extractive industries, namely: extraction of diamonds and of gold. The authors specifically emphasize the role of gold extraction which grace to its effect of multiplicator opened the way for industrial revolution in the South of Africa. Development of manufacturing was mainly based on import-substitution. The article argues that there were several stages of import-substitution and analyses their outcomes. The authors point out to the special importance of import-substitution during the period of I World War and II World War.
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Awah, Jeremaih Acuro. "The African Diaspora in Russia: History, Contributions, and Potential for Africa-Russia Relations." Международные отношения, n.º 2 (fevereiro de 2023): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0641.2023.2.40826.
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The African diaspora in Russia has a long and complex history, dating back to the era of the Soviet Union. Despite facing significant challenges, the African diaspora in Russia has made important contributions to Russian society and has the potential to play a key role in strengthening Africa-Russia relations. This article provides an overview of the history of the African diaspora in Russia, its contributions to Russian society, and the ways in which it can contribute to Africa-Russia relations. Drawing on existing literature and case studies, the paper analyses the challenges and opportunities facing the African diaspora in Russia and provides recommendations for policymakers seeking to strengthen Africa-Russia relations. The main conclusions from this article are recommendations for policymakers. The growing economic ties between Africa and Russia provide opportunities for future development, but policymakers must address the challenges facing the African diaspora in Russia to fully realize this potential. Policymakers can strengthen Africa-Russia relations and create a more inclusive and equitable society for all by promoting anti-discrimination policies, supporting African students and entrepreneurs, increasing cultural exchange and dialogue, and considering the African diaspora as partners and not instrument to promote its own interest. This will go a long way to improve the image of Russia abroad since the diaspora always act as a bridge to other world regions.
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Ross, Robert. "Towards a concise history of South Africa". European Review 6, n.º 3 (agosto de 1998): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s106279870000332x.
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This article discusses the problems inherent in writing a short historical survey of South Africa. Such surveys are periodically necessary in order to provide a perspective for monographic studies. This one is organized around the argument that South Africa, for all its internal divisions, has become a single country, and traces the processes of colonial conquest, economic integration and the ideological importance of mission Christianity through which this has come about. Furthermore, the recent changes in the South African governmental system provide a narrative conclusion that was not there in the past and which soon will be no more.
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Popova, Kseniya I. "African Studies in Russia: History and the Present (to the 50th Anniversary of the Center for African Studies of the Institute of World History, Russian Academy of Sciences)". Asia and Africa Today, n.º 5 (2022): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750020198-9.
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In December 2021, the All-Russian Scientific Conference “Problems of the History of Africa and Russian-African Relations (to50th anniversary of the Centre for African Studies" was held. The event was organized by the Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The four sessions were attended by experts on the history of Africa from Moscow, St. Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Yaroslavl, Kazan, as well as representatives of the Union of African Diasporas. At the Conference, the participants presented papers on African Historical Studies in the Centre and beyond. Also, they considered the topical issues of modern African studies. The reports of the Center's staff emphasized the continuity and evolution of range of issues in research throughout its history. The conference participants noted the contribution of the Center's staff to domestic and world African Studies and to the development of scientific ties between Russia and Africa. The methodology of postcolonial discourse, as well as the definition of this term in modern African studies, were widely touched upon in the discussions of the reports. Reports based on archival documents actualized the problem of historical memory. The problems of African self-determination and identity were investigated basing on the works of art. There were also presented studies on the current political problems of such regions as South Africa and the Horn of Africa. The considered reports covered a wide geographical and chronological framework. In conclusion, it was summarized that further joint scientific work of the staff of the Center for African Studies and their colleagues from different cities of Russia will be aimed at further developing of ties with African scientists. Following the results of the conference, a series of publications in scientific journals based on the presented reports is expected.
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HOPKINS, A. G. "THE NEW ECONOMIC HISTORY OF AFRICA". Journal of African History 50, n.º 2 (julho de 2009): 155–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853709990041.
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AbstractThe purpose of this article is to promote the revival of African economic history. Poverty, the most pressing issue confronting the continent, has received world-wide publicity in recent years. Yet historians have continued to neglect the history of economic development, which is central to the study of poverty, in favour of themes that have their origins in the Western world rather than in Africa. However, there is now an exceptional opportunity to correct the balance. Unknown to most historians, economists have produced a new economic history of Africa in the course of the past decade. This article introduces and evaluates two of the most important contributions to the new literature: the thesis that Africa has suffered a ‘reversal of fortune’ during the last 500 years, and the proposition that ethnic fragmentation, which has deep historical roots, is a distinctive cause of Africa's economic backwardness. These arguments are criticized on both methodological and empirical grounds. But they are also welcomed for their boldness, their freshness and their potential for re-engaging historians in the study of Africa's economic past – not least because it is relevant to Africa's economic future.
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Doyle, James A., e Annick Le Thomas. "Phylogeny and Geographic History of Annonaceae". Palynologie et changements globaux : XIVe symposium de l’Association des palynologues de langue française 51, n.º 3 (30 de novembro de 2007): 353–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/033135ar.
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ABSTRACT Whereas Takhtajan and Smith situated the origin of angiosperms between Southeast Asia and Australia, Walker and Le Thomas emphasized the concentration of primitive pollen types of Annonaceae in South America and Africa, suggesting instead a Northern Gondwanan origin for this family of primitive angiosperms. A cladistic analysis of Annonaceae shows a basal split of the family into Anaxagorea, the only genus with an Asian and Neotropical distribution, and a basically African and Neotropical line that includes the rest of the family. Several advanced lines occur in both Africa and Asia, one of which reaches Australia. This pattern may reflect the following history: (a) disjunction of Laurasian (Anaxagorea) and Northern Gondwanan lines in the Early Cretaceous, when interchanges across the Tethys were still easy and the major lines of Magnoliidae are documented by paleobotany; (b) radiation of the Northern Gondwanan line during the Late Cretaceous, while oceanic barriers were widening; (c) dispersal of African lines into Laurasia due to northward movement of Africa and India in the Early Tertiary, attested by the presence of fossil seeds of Annonaceae in Europe, and interchanges between North and South America at the end of the Tertiary.
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MATSUURA, Naoki, Mikako TODA e Hirokazu YASUOKA. "History and Current Issues regarding Biodiversity Conservation in Africa". Journal of African Studies 2021, n.º 100 (31 de dezembro de 2021): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.11619/africa.2021.100_29.
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Dan Motaung, Tlhabane Mokhine. "The African Nationalist Idea of Africa". Thinker 93, n.º 4 (25 de novembro de 2022): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/the_thinker.v93i4.2203.
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This paper probes the impact of colonial designs in the fabrication of native subjectivities, which eventuated in toxic political identities that would later undermine the post-colonial nationalist project. African history was shaped by three discursive periods: pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial. The colonisation period deformed, distorted and adulterated Africa’s pre-colonial cultural landscape—its sense of selfhood. African nationalism was a response to this ontologically debilitated condition of African personhood resulting from the violence of self-serving European colonial modernity, which created a structured subjugation of the African ‘other.’ African colonial elites at once defined and epitomised various forms of African nationalism against European incursion. However, these African modernisers failed to grasp the historicity of such enduringly baneful identity politics, and were thereby often themselves cast into the vortex of social contradictions reflective of this history. Mamdani made this observation when he stated that in kick-starting the nation-building project after independence, post-colonial elites turned their backs on the history of colonialism and thus on their own history.Instead, they modelled their political imagination on the modern European state, the result being the nationalist dream was imposed on the reality of colonially imposed fragmentation, leading to new rounds of nation-building by ethnic cleansing. Consequently, African nationalism has invariably spread across large swathes of postcolonial Africa as it degenerated into odious ethnonationalism and chauvinism. Only through a deeper historical understanding of these colonial processes of African political identification can an we begin to understand how this once glorious African nationalism regressed into a dystopian one. This article draws on history to dissect this legacy of subjective forms of African self-understanding.
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Abramova, I. O., M. N. Amvrosova, D. M. Bondarenko, S. N. Volkov, V. V. Gribanova, T. L. Deych e E. V. Morozenskaya. "African Studies in Russia: History and the Current State". Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 14, n.º 6 (14 de abril de 2022): 297–328. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2021-14-6-13.
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The article provides a detailed analysis of the development in Russia of African studies throughout the entire period of its existence - from the first fragmentary knowledge about the African continent, brought to Russian soil by individual travelers and enthusiasts to modern comprehensive research in Africa by the largest Russian scientific centers, among which, of course, the leading positions are held by the Institute for African Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The work exposes the evolution of the development of African studies as a science through the pre-revolutionary, Soviet and post-Soviet periods. A powerful impetus for the study of Africa was given in the late 1950s. This was due to the victory of national liberation movements in African countries and the formation of independent states on the continent. The author shows the increased interest in African studies at the present stage of development of our country, when the African vector of Russian foreign policy is becoming more and more in demand. Despite the limited human, organizational and financial resources, Russian African studies are currently on the rise. The international recognition of the achievements of Russian African studies imposes an additional obligations on Russian scientists. Taking into account the practical significance of their works, the conclusions and proposals they contain for the development of Russian-African relations, they feel even greater responsibility. The latest vivid example of this was the active participation of Russian African scientists in the preparation and successful holding of the first Russia-Africa Summit and Economic Forum in Sochi on October 23-24, 2019.
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Hollfelder, Nina, Gwenna Breton, Per Sjödin e Mattias Jakobsson. "The deep population history in Africa". Human Molecular Genetics 30, R1 (12 de janeiro de 2021): R2—R10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddab005.
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Abstract Africa is the continent with the greatest genetic diversity among humans and the level of diversity is further enhanced by incorporating non-majority groups, which are often understudied. Many of today’s minority populations historically practiced foraging lifestyles, which were the only subsistence strategies prior to the rise of agriculture and pastoralism, but only a few groups practicing these strategies remain today. Genomic investigations of Holocene human remains excavated across the African continent show that the genetic landscape was vastly different compared to today’s genetic landscape and that many groups that today are population isolate inhabited larger regions in the past. It is becoming clear that there are periods of isolation among groups and geographic areas, but also genetic contact over large distances throughout human history in Africa. Genomic information from minority populations and from prehistoric remains provide an invaluable source of information on the human past, in particular deep human population history, as Holocene large-scale population movements obscure past patterns of population structure. Here we revisit questions on the nature and time of the radiation of early humans in Africa, the extent of gene-flow among human populations as well as introgression from archaic and extinct lineages on the continent.
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Degterev, D. A., e V. I. Yurtaev. "Africa: «The Rainbow Period» and Unfulfilled Hopes. Interview with Apollon Davidson, Academician of RAS". Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 20, n.º 1 (15 de dezembro de 2020): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2020-20-1-218-225.
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Academician Apollon B. Davidson is an outstanding Soviet and Russian expert in African history, British Studies, also known as a specialist in Russian Silver Age literature. He is an author of more than 500 scientific papers, including 11 monographs, most of which are devoted to the new and recent history of the countries of Tropical and South Africa. Graduate of Leningrad State University (1953), Professor (1973), Doctor of Historical Sciences (1971), Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (2011). Under his leadership, at the Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences a scientific school of African history based on archival documents was created. He prepared more than 30 candidates and doctors of sciences, among famous students - A. Balezin, S. Mazov, I. Filatova, G. Derlugyan. In 2001-2002 two volumes of documents “Russia and Africa” [Davidson 1999] were published under his editorship; the book “USSR and Africa” [Davidson, Mazov, Tsypkin 2002], in 2003 - the volume of documents “Comintern and Africa” [Davidson 2003]. In 2003, a two-volume edition of the documents “South Africa and the Communist International” [Davidson, Filatova, Gorodnov, Johns 2003] was published in London in English, and in 2005-2006 - the fundamental three-volume “History of Africa in Documents” [Davidson 2005-2006]. In 1988, he participated in the South African program at Yale University. In 1991, he lectured for several months at universities in South Africa and worked in the archives of this country. In 1992-1993 he worked at the Rhodes University, in 1994-1998 organized and chaired the Center for Russian Studies at the University of Cape Town. In 1981-1991 he visited Ethiopia, Angola, Lesotho, Botswana and several times - Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe and South Africa. From 1977 to 1991 he participated in the Soviet-American Dartmouth conferences as an expert on Africa. In his interview he talks about the outcome of decolonization for southern Africa, the actual problems of the modern development of the continent, the role of China in Africa, and the Afro-Asianization of the world. Special attention is paid to the problems and prospects of the development of Soviet and Russian African studies and Russian-African relations.
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Newitt, Malyn. "Africa and the wider world: creole communities in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans". Tempo 23, n.º 3 (dezembro de 2017): 465–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/tem-1980-542x2017v230303.
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Abstract: Portuguese creoles were instrumental in bringing sub-Saharan Africa into the intercontinental systems of the Atlantic and Indian Ocean. In the Atlantic Islands a distinctive creole culture emerged, made up of Christian emigrants from Portugal, Jewish exiles and African slaves. These creole polities offered a base for coastal traders and became politically influential in Africa - in Angola creating their own mainland state. Connecting the African interior with the world economy was largely on African terms and the lack of technology transfer meant that the economic gap between Africa and the rest of the world inexorably widened. African slaves in Latin America adapted to a society already creolised, often through adroit forms of cultural appropriation and synthesis. In eastern Africa Portuguese worked within existing creolised Islamic networks but the passage of their Indiamen through the Atlantic created close links between the Indian Ocean and Atlantic commercial systems.
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Ogot, Bethwell A. "Rereading the History and Historiography of Epistemic Domination and Resistance in Africa". African Studies Review 52, n.º 1 (abril de 2009): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/arw.0.0127.
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The process of narrating and interpreting the African past has long been an intellectual struggle against European assumptions and prejudices about the nature of time and history in Africa. As the historian David William Cohen states, “The major issue in the reconstruction of the African past is the question of how far voices exterior to Africa shape the presentation of Africa's past and present” (1985:198). Many historians, especially those without any background or training in African historiography, have assumed, incorrectly, that prior to European contact with Africa, indigenous “traditions” were ancient, permanent, and reproduced from generation to generation without change. This is the false image of cultural isolation and temporal stagnation that has been assiduously disseminated in many parts of the world.
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McCaskie, Tom C. "Exiled from History: Africa in Hegel’s Academic Practice". History in Africa 46 (16 de novembro de 2018): 165–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hia.2018.27.
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Abstract:Many scholars, African and otherwise, have excoriated G.W.F. Hegel for his dismissal of Africa from history and progress in his lectures on the philosophies of history and religion. This has been done by quoting his texts and setting his words in the context of his influence on nineteenth-century European imperialism and racism. A different approach informs this paper. I treat Hegel, a complicated person, as a working university academic with a career to make and an overriding desire to publicize his own thought. I provide biographical insights relevant to these matters, and go on to examine specific texts about Africa that Hegel either sought out or chanced upon, read, misread, excerpted, used, and misused in support of his theorizing and apriorism. Attention is paid throughout to the construction, recording, and dissemination of Hegel’s lectures, and to aspects of their reception and authority in the educational formation of selected modern African intellectuals. I argue that such persons and African studies more widely are still trying to come to grips with the long and enduring shadow cast by Hegel over both the past and present of the continent.
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Weill, François-Xavier, Daryl Domman, Elisabeth Njamkepo, Cheryl Tarr, Jean Rauzier, Nizar Fawal, Karen H. Keddy et al. "Genomic history of the seventh pandemic of cholera in Africa". Science 358, n.º 6364 (9 de novembro de 2017): 785–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aad5901.
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The seventh cholera pandemic has heavily affected Africa, although the origin and continental spread of the disease remain undefined. We used genomic data from 1070 Vibrio cholerae O1 isolates, across 45 African countries and over a 49-year period, to show that past epidemics were attributable to a single expanded lineage. This lineage was introduced at least 11 times since 1970, into two main regions, West Africa and East/Southern Africa, causing epidemics that lasted up to 28 years. The last five introductions into Africa, all from Asia, involved multidrug-resistant sublineages that replaced antibiotic-susceptible sublineages after 2000. This phylogenetic framework describes the periodicity of lineage introduction and the stable routes of cholera spread, which should inform the rational design of control measures for cholera in Africa.
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MILFORD, ISMAY. "FEDERATION, PARTNERSHIP, AND THE CHRONOLOGIES OF SPACE IN 1950s EAST AND CENTRAL AFRICA". Historical Journal 63, n.º 5 (4 de fevereiro de 2020): 1325–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x19000712.
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AbstractThis article assesses the relationship between the imposed Central African Federation (1953–63) and the ways in which East and Central African thinkers and leaders conveyed and pursued the possibilities of decolonization. Existing literature on federalism in twentieth-century Africa fails to place regional projects in dialogue, studying in isolation East Africa and Central Africa, ‘utopian’ and oppressive regionalisms. But such clear dividing lines were not articulated in the four discursive ‘sketches’ of East and Central Africa that this article brings to light: those of anti-Federation organizations in Nairobi and Ndola in 1952; students at Makerere College (Kampala) in 1953; mobile Malawian activists in regional and pan-African forums around 1955–8; and East African party publicity representatives around 1958–60. At each of these critical moments, thinkers creatively constructed various relationships between geographical space and chronological change, through the lens of a broader, interdependent East and Central Africa, as a means to fend off perceived threats to a precarious advancement towards a democratic future. Attending to the evolution of these ideas shows not only how the Central African Federation placed material constraints on regional solidarity, but how ‘thinking regionally’ could support the case for national borders, even before decolonization.
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Fru, Raymond Nkwenti. "Main Trends of History Teaching in Africa From a Postcolonial Perspective". ISTORIYA 14, S23 (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840025589-6.
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History education has always been a highly contested terrain especially in contexts whose pasts are marred by huge controversial, sensitive and emotive moments. This reality is more significant in the African continent, where issues such as slavery, colonisation, decolonisation, the partition of Africa; border crises; complexity of identity; race; apartheid, wars, xenophobia; chauvinism; military coups, forced evictions and subsequent land reclamations, are some of the key themes and discourses that are characteristic of its history. This experiential reflection and theoretical paper draw from the researcher’s personal experiences as a history teacher/lecturer in at least three African countries and from literature to reflect on the main trends of History teaching and learning in Africa. Although there has been a wave of curricular decolonisation in Africa at the turn of the century, including in History teaching, the article argues that there is still a lot of reasons to be concerned about the state of history teaching as a subject. The article acknowledges an existential and humane need for a reconstruction, decolonisation and Africanisation of the history curriculum in Africa by means of postcolonial socio-cultural and epistemic systems and practices that reclaim indigenous African voices in curriculum knowledge. The article recommends that history teaching and curriculum in postcolonial Africa need to move away from discrete and sometimes overt, heroic, one-dimensional and neatly packaged master narratives that deny students the opportunity to critically engage and interrogate the rich and complex histories as a pathway to improve the relevance of the subject in the continent.
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Booker, Salih, e Ann-Louise Colgan. "“Compassionate Conservatism” Comes to Africa". Current History 103, n.º 673 (1 de maio de 2004): 232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2004.103.673.232.
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While the hiv/aids crisis is the most urgent threat facing Africa and the world, the Bush administration's current orientation is to delay action. In contrast, Washington's interest in African oil and the specter of terrorist cells quietly shapes the immediate course of us Africa policy.
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Habibat Oladosu-Uthman e Mutiat Titilope Oladejo. "Veiling and Muslim Women in African History since the Ottoman Empire". ICR Journal 12, n.º 2 (31 de dezembro de 2021): 314–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52282/icr.v12i2.861.
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In Africa, the culture of veiling by Muslim women is profound. While Muslim societies vary across Africa, several forms of textile and art feature in the use of veil. It is particularly important to state that veiling is historical as it had been embedded as a Muslim culture since the evolution and spread of Islam in Africa. It is also true that the Islamic integration of African cultures is very much alive and visible. The story of veiling became prominent and was influenced by Ottoman rule and cross-cultural intergroup relations through the Trans Saharan trade routes. This paper focuses on the history of veil as a spiritual, artistic, political and economic factors in the identity making of Muslim women in Africa. The historical method is adopted to interrogate the complexities associated with veiling as a Muslim culture using photographic representations, books and journals. Photographic representations of women’s dress in the Ottoman empire gives way to understand how the dress styles diffuse into African societies.
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Banton, Mandy. "Africa in the Public Records". African Research & Documentation 78 (1998): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00014849.
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To attempt a discussion of ‘sources for African history in the Public Record Office’ immediately raises the question, ‘are there such sources?’. Or are there only sources for the history of the British encounter with Africa, or, indeed, as some would claim, the English encounter with Africa? The editor and compilers of the 1971 Guide to manuscripts and documents in the British Isles relating to Africa may have such questions in mind when they chose to use the title ‘documents relating to Africa’ rather than perhaps, ‘sources for the history of Africa’. In this volume you will find, in the section devoted to the Public Record Office, twenty-two closely printed pages listing in the region of one thousand record classes.