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Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Agriculturalist Societies"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 4 de fevereiro de 2022

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1

Tao, Tingting, Sebastián Abades, Shuqing Teng, et al. "Macroecological factors shape local-scale spatial patterns in agriculturalist settlements." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1866 (2017): 20172003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.2003.

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Macro-scale patterns of human systems ranging from population distribution to linguistic diversity have attracted recent attention, giving rise to the suggestion that macroecological rules shape the assembly of human societies. However, in which aspects the geography of our own species is shaped by macroecological factors remains poorly understood. Here, we provide a first demonstration that macroecological factors shape strong local-scale spatial patterns in human settlement systems, through an analysis of spatial patterns in agriculturalist settlements in eastern mainland China based on high

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2

Kaplan, Hillard S., Paul L. Hooper, and Michael Gurven. "The evolutionary and ecological roots of human social organization." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364, no. 1533 (2009): 3289–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0115.

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Social organization among human foragers is characterized by a three-generational system of resource provisioning within families, long-term pair-bonding between men and women, high levels of cooperation between kin and non-kin, and relatively egalitarian social relationships. In this paper, we suggest that these core features of human sociality result from the learning- and skill-intensive human foraging niche, which is distinguished by a late age-peak in caloric production, high complementarity between male and female inputs to offspring viability, high gains to cooperation in production and

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3

Noyes, John K. "Nomadic fantasies: producing landscapes of mobility in German southwest Africa." Ecumene 7, no. 1 (2000): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096746080000700103.

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In nineteenth-century Germany, ‘nomadism’ was an epithet frequently applied with little distinction to pastoralist, hunter-gatherer and semi-agriculturalist societies. It was used as a description not only of actual indigenous social organizations or economies, but also of a propensity to wander, an inconstancy and hence an obstacle to civilization. This was not confined to anthropological and ethnographic discourse. It also influenced policymaking in the colonies, particularly in discussions of land rights and land utilization. At the same time, discussions of nomadism, when applied to indige

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4

Berbesque, J. Colette, Frank W. Marlowe, Peter Shaw, and Peter Thompson. "Hunter–gatherers have less famine than agriculturalists." Biology Letters 10, no. 1 (2014): 20130853. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.0853.

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The idea that hunter–gatherer societies experience more frequent famine than societies with other modes of subsistence is pervasive in the literature on human evolution. This idea underpins, for example, the ‘thrifty genotype hypothesis’. This hypothesis proposes that our hunter–gatherer ancestors were adapted to frequent famines, and that these once adaptive ‘thrifty genotypes’ are now responsible for the current obesity epidemic. The suggestion that hunter–gatherers are more prone to famine also underlies the widespread assumption that these societies live in marginal habitats. Despite the u

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5

Bailey, Drew H., Kim R. Hill, and Robert S. Walker. "Fitness consequences of spousal relatedness in 46 small-scale societies." Biology Letters 10, no. 5 (2014): 20140160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0160.

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Social norms that regulate reproductive and marital decisions generate impressive cross-cultural variation in the prevalence of kin marriages. In some societies, marriages among kin are the norm and this inbreeding creates intensive kinship networks concentrated within communities. In others, especially forager societies, most marriages are between more genealogically and geographically distant individuals, which generates a larger number of kin and affines of lesser relatedness in more extensive kinship networks spread out over multiple communities. Here, we investigate the fitness consequenc

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Helle, Samuli, Jon E. Brommer, Jenni E. Pettay, Virpi Lummaa, Matti Enbuske, and Jukka Jokela. "Evolutionary demography of agricultural expansion in preindustrial northern Finland." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1794 (2014): 20141559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1559.

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A shift from nomadic foraging to sedentary agriculture was a major turning point in human evolutionary history, increasing our population size and eventually leading to the development of modern societies. We however lack understanding of the changes in life histories that contributed to the increased population growth rate of agriculturalists, because comparable individual-based reproductive records of sympatric populations of agriculturalists and foragers are rarely found. Here, we compared key life-history traits and population growth rate using comprehensive data from the seventieth to nin

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7

B. I., Ele, Odey J. A, and Frank N. E. "Localized Farmer’s Information Dissemination System in Nigeria Using Mobile Networks." International Journal of Information Technology and Applied Sciences (IJITAS) 3, no. 2 (2021): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.52502/ijitas.v3i2.26.

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Agricultural science performs a substantial function in monetary and societal growth in nearly all developing nations. Data on satisfactory excellence is an indispensable criterion for the development of all fields of farming. By means of the speedy growth of Information Technologies (ITs), data and information can be efficiently produced, warehoused, scrutinized, distributed, and utilized to reinforce agriculturalists and agricultural societies to enhance agricultural output and sustainability. Information facilities for agriculturalists at the nationwide and provincial levels are an auspicio

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Powers, Simon T., Carel P. van Schaik, and Laurent Lehmann. "How institutions shaped the last major evolutionary transition to large-scale human societies." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1687 (2016): 20150098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0098.

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What drove the transition from small-scale human societies centred on kinship and personal exchange, to large-scale societies comprising cooperation and division of labour among untold numbers of unrelated individuals? We propose that the unique human capacity to negotiate institutional rules that coordinate social actions was a key driver of this transition. By creating institutions, humans have been able to move from the default ‘Hobbesian’ rules of the ‘game of life’, determined by physical/environmental constraints, into self-created rules of social organization where cooperation can be in

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9

Mackenzie, Fiona. "Conflicting Claims to Custom: Land and Law in Central Province, Kenya, 1912–52." Journal of African Law 40, no. 1 (1996): 62–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300007130.

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In antithesis to legislation on land tenure introduced through the Land Registration Act, 1959, premised on the notion in English common law that the right to allocate land was equivalent to exclusive ownership, “ownership” under customary tenure in Kenya was “essentially heterogeneous and divisible”. People differentiated by age, gender and wealth had bundles of rights defined, in Okoth-Ogendo's words, by “the status differentia which a particular category of membership in a production unit carries”. The complexity and elasticity of customary land law, Okoth-Ogendo demonstrates, derived from

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10

Thomas, Aline, Philippe Chambon, and Pascal Murail. "Unpacking burial and rank: the role of children in the first monumental cemeteries of Western Europe (4600–4300 BC)." Antiquity 85, no. 329 (2011): 772–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00068307.

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Examining the earliest grand mortuary monuments of the Neolithic, the authors question the assumption that they mark the resting place of society's higher ranks. Using the skeletal remains, the grave goods and the burial rites, they find no great differences in commemoration between the monumental cemeteries, with their long barrows, and the flat graves, without structures. In this analysis, the children proved to be the most vivid players: while the very young are largely excluded, some toddlers were selected to carry hunting equipment, a distinction shared with selected adult males. Some chi

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Rollin, Bernard. "Animal Welfare Across the World." Journal of Applied Animal Ethics Research 1, no. 1 (2019): 146–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25889567-12340008.

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Abstract It is important to stress at the beginning of our discussion the current nature of animal welfare in the US and Europe, because ideas that develop there tend to spread across the world, partly for cultural and partially for economic reasons. Historically, animal welfare was associated with good husbandry, treating the animals well in order to ensure their productivity. Almost until the 20th century, the only articulated social ethic pertaining to animals was a prohibition against deliberate sadistic cruelty. Good husbandry persisted, unfortunately, as an ideal only as long as it was e

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12

Kelley, Lisa C., and Agung Prabowo. "Flooding and Land Use Change in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia." Land 8, no. 9 (2019): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land8090139.

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Flooding is a routine occurrence throughout much of the monsoonal tropics. Despite well-developed repertoires of response, agrarian societies have been ‘double exposed’ to intensifying climate change and agro-industrialization over the past several decades, often in ways that alter both the regularity of flood events and individual and community capacity for response. This paper engages these tensions by exploring everyday experiences of and responses to extreme flood events in a case study village in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, which has also been the site of corporate oil palm development

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13

Troskosky, Christopher, Jonathan Mark White, and Lukas Gaižauskas. "A UNIFIED MODEL FOR THE GOVERNING DYNAMICS OF AGRICULTURAL FRONTIER ZONES." Lietuvos archeologija Lietuvos archeologija, T. 45 (November 22, 2019): 145–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33918/25386514-045004.

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We present a unified model for the movement of agricultural frontiers based on the construction of the parallax shift and its relation to normalizable science. The model is based on data from the Baltic Basin, where for thousands of years, complex and semi-complex hunter/gatherer/fishers and agriculturalists remained in an equilibrium state. When agriculturalization occurred, it occurred in a punctuated equilibrium manner, which defies current models of agricultural frontier movement, and by extension, current understandings of the underlying dynamics of social change. This new model is a modi

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14

Clericuzio, Antonio. "Plant and Soil Chemistry in Seventeenth-Century England: Worsley, Boyle and Coxe." Early Science and Medicine 23, no. 5-6 (2018): 550–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15733823-02356p08.

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AbstractIn seventeenth-century England agriculturalists, projectors and natural philosophers devoted special attention to the chemical investigation of plants, of soil composition and of fertilizers. Hugh Plat’s and Francis Bacon’s works became particularly influential in the mid-seventeenth century, and inspired much of the Hartlib Circle’s schemes and research for improving agriculture. The Hartlibians turned to chemistry in order to provide techniques for improving soil and to investigate plant generation and growth. They drew upon the Paracelsian chemistry of salts, as well as upon the wor

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15

Richards, Eric. "How Did Poor People Emigrate from the British Isles to Australia in the Nineteenth Century?" Journal of British Studies 32, no. 3 (1993): 250–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/386032.

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One of the great themes of modern history is the movement of poor people across the face of the earth. For individuals and families the economic and psychological costs of these transoceanic migrations were severe. But they did not prevent millions of agriculturalists and proletarians from Europe reaching the new worlds in both the Atlantic and the Pacific basins in the nineteenth century. These people, in their myriad voyages, shifted the demographic balance of the continents and created new economies and societies wherever they went. The means by which these emigrations were achieved are lit

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Kemper, Michael. "The Soviet Discourse on the Origin and Class Character of Islam, 1923-1933." Die Welt des Islams 49, no. 1 (2009): 1–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006008x364677.

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AbstractThe article examines the growing radicalization of the Marxist anti-Islamic discourse in the USSR as a case-study of "Soviet Orientalism". To which of Marx's five socio-economic formations should Muslim society be assigned? During the relatively pluralistic period of the New Economic Policy (1921-1927) Marxist scholars offered various answers. Many argued that Islam emerged from the trading community of Mecca and was trade-capitalist by nature (M. Reisner, E. Beliaev, L. Klimovich). Others held that Islam reflected the interests of the agriculturalists of Medina (M. Tomara), or of the

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17

Vansina, Jan. "Deep-Down Time: Political Tradition in Central Africa." History in Africa 16 (1989): 341–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171791.

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Around 1850 the peoples of central Africa from Duala to the Kunene River and from the Atlantic to the Great Lakes shared a common view of the universe and a common political ideology. This included assumptions about roles, statuses, symbols, values, and indeed the very notion of legitimate authority. Among the plethora of symbols connected with these views were the leopard or the lion, the sun, the anvil, and the drum, symbolizing respectively the leader as predator, protector, forger of society, and the voice of all. Obviously, in each case the common political ideology was expressed in sligh

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18

CURRIE, THOMAS E., and RUTH MACE. "THE EVOLUTION OF ETHNOLINGUISTIC DIVERSITY." Advances in Complex Systems 15, no. 01n02 (2012): 1150006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525911003372.

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Humans divide themselves up into groups based on a shared cultural identity and common descent. Culturally inherited differences in dress, language, and institutions are often used as symbolic markers of the boundaries of these ethnic groups. Relatively little is known about the function of such ethnic groups, and why ethnic diversity is high in some regions yet lower in others. In this paper, we demonstrate how investigating the spatial distribution of ethnolinguistic groups can reveal the factors that affect the origin and maintenance of human ethnic group diversity. Here we describe the use

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19

Parras-Moltó, Marcos, and Daniel Aguirre de Cárcer. "A comprehensive human minimal gut metagenome extends the host’s metabolic potential." Microbial Genomics 6, no. 11 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000466.

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Accumulating evidence suggests that humans could be considered as holobionts in which the gut microbiota play essential functions. Initial metagenomic studies reported a pattern of shared genes in the gut microbiome of different individuals, leading to the definition of the minimal gut metagenome as the set of microbial genes necessary for homeostasis and present in all healthy individuals. This study analyses the minimal gut metagenome of the most comprehensive dataset available, including individuals from agriculturalist and industrialist societies, also embodying highly diverse ethnic and g

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20

Arowosegbe, Jeremiah O. "Territoriality and Violent Conflicts in Tivland." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights, December 8, 2020, 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-28030001.

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Although ethno-territorial struggles affect the manner in which political authority is constituted and legitimised throughout the world, their impact on the trajectories of power and the state in Africa have not received the attention deserved in the literature on political development and state building. In majoritarian agrarian societies, land tenure, just like the granting of usufruct rights to water, shapes economic and political dynamics. Conflicts over land and struggles over access to the key resources of agricultural production – fertile soils, green vegetation and water – are widespre

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21

"Book reviews: The enlightening of science." Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 50, no. 2 (1996): 258–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.1996.0032.

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John Gascoigne, Joseph Banks and the English Enlightenment: Useful Knowledge and Polite Culture . Cambridge University Press, 1994. Pp. xi+324, 111., £35.00. ISBN 0521-45077-2 Anyone familiar with the Royal Society’s portrait of Sir Joseph Banks will readily believe that he dominated a large segment of English ‘useful knowledge and polite culture’ between his return from the glamorous voyage with Cook to the South Seas and Australia in 1771 and his death in 1820. Very rich, an intimate of George III, and, after one battle in 1783-4, an autocratic President of the Royal Society, he acted as pat

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