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Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "American ginseng"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 31 de janeiro de 2023

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1

Zhang, Wen-Song, An Pan, Liu Yang, Yuan-Yuan Cai, Bao-Lin Liu, Ping Li, Lian-Wen Qi, Jing Li, and Qun Liu. "American Ginseng and Asian Ginseng Intervention in Diet-Induced Obese Mice: Metabolomics Reveals Distinct Metabolic Profiles." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 47, no. 04 (January 2019): 787–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x19500411.

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American ginseng and Asian ginseng, which occupy prominent positions in the list of best-selling natural products in the West and East, are suitable for different indications in the traditional pharmacological uses. Currently, the effects of American ginseng and Asian ginseng in the protection against metabolic dysfunction and the differences between them are still unknown. Herein, an untargeted metabolomics based on liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS) was determined. The serum metabolomics and dynamic feces metabolomics revealed significant metaboli

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Liu, Zhihao, Roderick Moore, Ying Gao, Pei Chen, Liangli Yu, Mengliang Zhang, and Jianghao Sun. "Comparison of Phytochemical Profiles of Wild and Cultivated American Ginseng Using Metabolomics by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry." Molecules 28, no. 1 (December 20, 2022): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010009.

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American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) has been recognized as a valuable herb medicine, and ginsenosides are the most important components responsible for the health-beneficial effects. This study investigated the secondary metabolites responsible for the differentiation of wild and cultivated American ginsengs with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS)-based metabolomic approach. An in-house ginsenoside library was developed to facilitate data processing and metabolite identification. Data visualization methods, such as heatmaps and volc

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Wu, Tao, Osafo Raymond Kwaku, Hai-Zhou Li, Chong-Ren Yang, Long-Jiao Ge, and Min Xu. "Sense Ginsenosides From Ginsengs: Structure-Activity Relationship in Autophagy." Natural Product Communications 14, no. 6 (June 2019): 1934578X1985822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x19858223.

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The term ginseng refers to the dried roots of several plants belonging to the genus Panax of the Araliaceae family. The 3 major commercial ginsengs are Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen (Notoginseng), P. ginseng C.A. Meyer (Ginseng), and P. quinquefolius L. (American ginseng), which have been used as herbal medicines. Over 18,000 papers on ginsengs have been published on the basis of their structural diversity and biological activities. Many reviews have summarized the phytochemistry, pharmacology, and clinical use of ginsengs, but the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of ginsenosides fr

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Luo, John Zeqi, and Luguang Luo. "Ginseng on Hyperglycemia: Effects and Mechanisms." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 6, no. 4 (2009): 423–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nem178.

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It has been reported that American ginseng attenuates hyperglycemia and may present itself as a supplement to diabetes therapy. However, the lack of standardization in the usage of ginseng root leads to inconclusive results when applied to diabetes treatment. The mechanisms of American ginseng root in the treatment of diabetes remains a mystery. This greatly limits the effective utilization of American ginseng in facilitating diabetic therapy. Initiating studies have shown that American ginseng increases insulin production and reduces cell death in pancreatic β-cells. Also, studies have reveal

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Chen, Wei, Prabhu Balan, and David G. Popovich. "Comparison of Ginsenoside Components of Various Tissues of New Zealand Forest-Grown Asian Ginseng (Panax Ginseng) and American Ginseng (Panax Quinquefolium L.)." Biomolecules 10, no. 3 (February 28, 2020): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10030372.

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Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) and American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) are the two most important ginseng species for their medicinal properties. Ginseng is not only popular to consume, but is also increasingly popular to cultivate. In the North Island of New Zealand, Asian ginseng and American ginseng have been grown in Taupo and Rotorua for more than 15 years. There are no publications comparing the chemical constituents between New Zealand-grown Asian ginseng (NZPG) and New Zealand-grown American ginseng (NZPQ). In this study, fourteen ginsenoside reference standards and LC–MS2 technol

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Belanger, Danyka, Michele D. Calder, Alessandra Gianetto-Berruti, Edmund M. Lui, Andrew J. Watson, and Valter Feyles. "Effects of American Ginseng on Preimplantation Development and Pregnancy in Mice." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 44, no. 05 (January 2016): 981–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x16500543.

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In North America, a high proportion of pregnant women use herbal medications including North American ginseng. This medicinal plant contains high amounts of triterpene saponins (ginsenosides), which are the main bioactive compounds. It is important to assess ginseng’s impact on all reproductive functions to ensure the safety of pregnant women and fetuses. In this study, we defined the concentration-responsive effects of North American alcoholic and aqueous ginseng extracts on preimplantation development in vitro and on pregnancy and post-partum development in the mouse. Two-cell mouse embryos

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Dong, Tai Thi Ngoc, Chih-Hsiung Lin, and Ming-Tsai Liang. "The Application of Simulated Moving-Bed Chromatography for the Separation of Ginsenosides in Sanchi Ginseng and American Ginseng." Natural Product Communications 15, no. 10 (October 2020): 1934578X2096467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x20964671.

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In this study, the separation of ginsenosides from the crude extract of Sanchi ginseng and American ginseng, obtained by aqueous ethanol extraction, was conducted in a simulated moving bed (SMB) with cleaning in place (CIP) design. Concentrated products with 86.2%, w/w, and 91.5%, w/w, of ginsenosides were obtained by the utilization of CIP-SMB for Sanchi and American ginseng, respectively. This study reveals that CIP-SMB could enrich ginsenosides by removing the retained impurities, which were initially extracted by aqueous ethanol and not removed by either the antisolvent precipitation for S

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Wang, Chong-Zhi, and Chun-Su Yuan. "Potential Role of Ginseng in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 36, no. 06 (January 2008): 1019–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x08006545.

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Colorectal cancer remains one of the most prevalent cancer and a leading cause of cancer related death in the US. Many currently used chemotherapeutic agents are derived from botanicals. Identifying herbal sources, including those from ginseng family, to develop better anti-cancer therapies remains an essential step in advancing the treatment of the cancer. In this article, potential roles of ginseng herbs, especially American ginseng and notoginseng, in colorectal cancer therapeutics are presented. The major pharmacologically active constituents of ginsengs are ginsenosides, which can be main

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Park, Eun-Young, Mi-Hwi Kim, Eung-Hwi Kim, Eun-Kyu Lee, In-Sun Park, Duck-Choon Yang, and Hee-Sook Jun. "Efficacy Comparison of Korean Ginseng and American Ginseng on Body Temperature and Metabolic Parameters." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 42, no. 01 (January 2014): 173–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x14500128.

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Ginseng has beneficial effects in cancer, diabetes and aging. There are two main varieties of ginseng: Panax ginseng (Korean ginseng) and Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng). There are anecdotal reports that American ginseng helps reduce body temperature, whereas Korean ginseng improves blood circulation and increases body temperature; however, their respective effects on body temperature and metabolic parameters have not been studied. We investigated body temperature and metabolic parameters in mice using a metabolic cage. After administering ginseng extracts acutely (single dose of 1000 m

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Proctor, John T. A., Tie-Sheng Wang, and William G. Bailey. "East Meets West: Cultivation of American Ginseng in China." HortScience 23, no. 6 (December 1988): 968–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.23.6.968.

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Abstract Oriental ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) to the Chinese “… is the medicine par excellence: the dernier resort when all other drugs fail; reserved for the use of the Emperor and his household, and conferred by Imperial favour upon high and useful officials whenever they have a serious breakdown that does not yield to ordinary treatment, and which threatens to put a period to their lives and usefulness” (14). Although written in 1578, these claims are still held by traditional Chinese healers. Westerners do not hold ginseng in such high esteem (9). However, the discovery of American

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Sheban, Karam C., David J. Woodbury, and Marlyse C. Duguid. "Importance of environmental factors on plantings of wild-simulated American Ginseng." Agroforestry Systems 96, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10457-021-00705-8.

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AbstractAmerican ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) is an herbaceous perennial plant native to the forests of eastern North America with a long history of use and harvest, and with a significant international market. To supply international demand, the plant is grown in the USA and Canada under artificial shade cloth. However, wild and wild-appearing ginseng roots command prices up to 100 times greater than roots cultivated in a field: $550–2200 (US$ dry kg) vs. $20–70 (US$ dry kg). Growing ginseng in a forested environment using a “wild-simulated” forest farming approach, where growers introduc

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Wang, Xianchang, Xu Guo, Lijuan Hou, Jiaohong Zhang, Jing Hu, Feng Zhang, Jilei Mao, et al. "A comparative study of bacterial diversity based on effects of three different shade shed types in the rhizosphere of Panax quiquefolium L." PeerJ 10 (February 9, 2022): e12807. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12807.

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Background Shading is an important factor affecting the cultivation of American ginseng, as it influences crop quality and yield. Rhizosphere microorganisms are also crucial for normal plant growth and development. However, whether different shade types significantly change American ginseng rhizosphere microorganisms is unknown. Methods This study evaluated the rhizosphere soils of American ginseng under traditional, high flag and high arch shade sheds. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing determined the change of rhizosphere bacterial communities. Results The microbial diversity in rhizos

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Zuo, Yue, Le Yin, Baorui Wei, Ping Fang, and Yonghua Xu. "Physiological changes of American ginseng seeds during cold stratification." Seed Science and Technology 49, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15258/sst.2021.49.3.05.

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As an important medicinal plant, American ginseng has high value. However, its deep dormancy makes it difficult to propagate from seeds. Previous studies on American ginseng seeds mostly focused on morphophysiological dormancy: the under-developed embryo in the seeds has physiological dormancy. GA3 was used to accelerate the process of breaking physiological dormancy of American ginseng seeds in this study. Through the observation of seed morphology and the detection of various physiological indexes during cold stratification, the mechanism of American ginseng seeds breaking physiological dorm

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Suits, Stephanie A., Rebecca M. Corbit, and Andrew J. Wood. "American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.), the “Other” Ginseng." Economic Botany 57, no. 1 (January 2003): 143–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1663/0013-0001(2003)057[0143:agpqlt]2.0.co;2.

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Li, Thomas S. C. "Asian and American Ginseng—A Review." HortTechnology 5, no. 1 (January 1995): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.5.1.27.

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The ginseng industry has expanded rapidly in recent years. Asian and American ginseng are cultivated around the world. Ginseng products in various forms are increasingly popular, and its consumers are no longer limited to Asians. More knowledge is needed about the horticultural characteristics, cultural methods, disease control, drying and storage procedures, and technology for value-added products. Once-secretive information about ginseng and its culture is gradually becoming available, especially from the orient. Growers and researchers are eager to know more about Asian and American species

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Kim, Yejin, Jung-Woo Lee, Ick-Hyun Jo, Nayeong Kwon, Donghwi Kim, Jong-Wook Chung, Kyong-Hwan Bang, and Jeehye Sung. "Volatile Compositions of Panax ginseng and Panax quinquifolium Grown for Different Cultivation Years." Foods 12, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12010136.

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The present study examined the volatile profiles of Panax ginseng (Korean ginseng) and Panax quinquefolium (American ginseng) grown for different cultivation years by using HS-SPME/GC-MS and determined the key discriminant volatile compounds by chemometric analysis including principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and partial least squares-discrimination analysis (PLS-DA). Fifty-six compounds, including forty terpenes, eight alcohols, one alkane, one ketone, and one furan, were identified in the ginseng roots. The chemometric results identified two major cluste

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Lewis, Walter H. "American ginseng: Green gold." Economic Botany 41, no. 1 (January 1987): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02859341.

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Dasgupta, Amitava, Edward Kang, Margaret Olsen, Jeffrey K. Actor, and Pradip Datta. "Interference of Asian, American, and Indian (Ashwagandha) Ginsengs in Serum Digoxin Measurements by a Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay Can Be Minimized by Using a New Enzyme-Linked Chemiluminescent Immunosorbent or Turbidimetric Assay." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 131, no. 4 (April 1, 2007): 619–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2007-131-619-ioaaai.

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Abstract Context.—Ginsengs are widely used by the general population. These herbs interfere with serum digoxin measurement using the fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Objective.—To assess potential interference of different ginsengs (Asian, American, and Indian, also known as Ashwagandha) in vitro and in vivo in a mouse model by using a new enzyme-linked chemiluminescent immunosorbent digoxin assay and an existing turbidimetric assay. Comparisons were made with the fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Design.—Aliquots of drug-free serum pools were supplemented with ginseng and apparent

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Yang, Shanshan, Xiaoxiao Zhang, Ximei Zhang, Yanmeng Bi, and Weiwei Gao. "A bZIP transcription factor, PqbZIP1, is involved in the plant defense response of American ginseng." PeerJ 10 (March 8, 2022): e12939. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12939.

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American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) is a perennial medicinal plant that has a long usage history in China. However, root rot, which is mainly caused by Fusarium solani can severely reduce the yield and quality of American ginseng, but no disease-resistant variety of American ginseng exists, and the resistance against this disease is not yet well understood. Thus, it is very urgent to analyze the interaction mechanism regulating the interactions between American ginseng and F. solani to mine disease resistance genes. Using transcriptome data and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPC

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Kochan, Ewa, and Aleksander Chmiel. "Callus of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) as a source of ginsenosides – medicinal secondary metabolites." Biological Letters 50, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/biolet-2013-0002.

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Abstract:Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) and American ginseng (P. quinquefolius) are valuable medicinal herbs whose roots have been used for ages in traditional medicine in China and North America as vitalizing and stimulating agents. The roots are obtained mainly from field cultivation, which is a slow (5-7 years long), laborious, and troublesome process; so in vitro methods started to be used to produce ginseng biomass. In our study, non-organogenic callus of P. quinquefolius synthesized the same active substances like field roots, for more than 6 years. The ginsenosides are derivatives of pro

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Wang, Lijun, Yang Huang, Guo Yin, Jue Wang, Ping Wang, Zhen‐Yu Chen, Tiejie Wang, and Guixing Ren. "Antimicrobial activities of Asian ginseng, American ginseng, and notoginseng." Phytotherapy Research 34, no. 6 (December 29, 2019): 1226–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6605.

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Li, Lele, Yang Wang, Yang Xiu, and Shuying Liu. "Chemical Differentiation and Quantitative Analysis of Different Types of Panax Genus Stem-Leaf Based on a UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS Combined with Multivariate Statistical Analysis Approach." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2018 (2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9598672.

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Two quantitative methods (−ESI full scan and −ESI PRM MS) were developed to analyze ginsenosides in ginseng stem-leaf by using UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS. By means of −ESI PRM MS method, the contents of eighteen ginsenosides in Asian ginseng stem-leaf (ASGSL) and American ginseng stem-leaf (AMGSL) were analyzed. The principal component analysis (PCA) model was built to discriminate Asian ginseng stem-leaf (ASGSL) from American ginseng stem-leaf (AMGSL) based on −ESI PRM MS data, and six ginsenosides (F11, Rf, R2, F1, Rb1, and Rb3) were obtained as the markers. To further explore the differenc

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Ji, Li, Lei Tian, Fahad Nasir, Jingjing Chang, Chunling Chang, Jianfeng Zhang, Xiujun Li, and Chunjie Tian. "Impacts of replanting American ginseng on fungal assembly and abundance in response to disease outbreaks." Archives of Microbiology 203, no. 5 (February 22, 2021): 2157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00203-021-02196-8.

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AbstractSoil physicochemical properties and fungal communities are pivotal factors for continuous cropping of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.). However, the response of soil physicochemical properties and fungal communities to replant disease of American ginseng has not yet been studied. High-throughput sequencing and soil physicochemical analyses were undertaken to investigate the difference of soil fungal communities and environmental driver factors in new and old ginseng fields; the extent of replant disease in old ginseng fields closely related to changes in soil properties and fu

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Qi, Hongyu, Zepeng Zhang, Jiaqi Liu, Zhaoqiang Chen, Qingxia Huang, Jing Li, Jinjin Chen, et al. "Comparisons of Isolation Methods, Structural Features, and Bioactivities of the Polysaccharides from Three Common Panax Species: A Review of Recent Progress." Molecules 26, no. 16 (August 18, 2021): 4997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26164997.

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Panax spp. (Araliaceae family) are widely used medicinal plants and they mainly include Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, Panax quinquefolium L. (American ginseng), and Panax notoginseng (notoginseng). Polysaccharides are the main active ingredients in these plants and have demonstrated diverse pharmacological functions, but comparisons of isolation methods, structural features, and bioactivities of these polysaccharides have not yet been reported. This review summarizes recent advances associated with 112 polysaccharides from ginseng, 25 polysaccharides from American ginseng, and 36 polysaccharides f

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Wang, X., J. T. A. Proctor, S. Krishna Raj, and P. K. Saxena. "119 Rapid Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration in American Ginseng (Panax quiquefolium L.)." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 462B—462. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.462b.

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Ginseng is a very valuable agricultural species grown for its root, which contains pharmacologically active constituents. One limiting factor for expansion of ginseng production is an efficient method for mass propagation. Currently, seeding is the principal method of propagating ginseng, but the embryo of ginseng seeds at harvest is immature. A stratification schedule consisting of a cool-warm-cool temperature treatment over 18-22 months is required for embryo development and seed germination. An alternative for the efficient production of ginseng is mass propagation through the use of in vit

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Yu, Jingping, Tong Xu, Haiyan Lin, Ying Lin, Jie Zhou, and Yongqing Zhang. "Comprehensive Quality Evaluation of American Ginseng for Different Parts and Abnormal Trait Based on the Major Ginsenoside Contents and Morphological Characteristics." BioMed Research International 2021 (March 24, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8831080.

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The demand for American ginseng, a famous traditional medicine and high-grade healthy food, has increased dramatically over recent years. However, only the main root is popular among consumers, whereas other parts of American ginseng are rarely available in the market. In this study, the contents of 5 major ginsenosides (Re, Rc, Rg1, Rd, and Rb1) were determined through high-performance liquid chromatography. Our study showed that all these 5 major ginsenosides are found in different parts of American ginseng plants, and the total content in different parts varied significantly in the followin

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Seida, Jennifer Krebs, Tamara Durec, and Stefan Kuhle. "North American(Panax quinquefolius)and Asian Ginseng(Panax ginseng)Preparations for Prevention of the Common Cold in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nep068.

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Background: Standardized ginseng extract has become the best-selling cold and flu remedy in Canada, yet much controversy regarding the efficacy of ginseng in preventing common colds remains. Objective: To assess the efficacy of ginseng preparations for the prevention of common colds in healthy adults. Methods: Comprehensive bibliographic database, trial registry and grey literature searches were conducted up to December 2007. Randomized controlled trials or controlled clinical trials comparing North American (Panax quinquefolius) or Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) root extract to placebo or no t

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Awang, Dennis VC. "Study on North American ginseng." Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies 11, no. 2 (June 2006): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1211/fact.11.2.0079.

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Boon, H. "American ginseng attenuates postprandial glycaemia." Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies 5, no. 4 (2000): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1211/fact.2000.00211.

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Walsh, Nancy. "American Ginseng for Respiratory Illness." Family Practice News 37, no. 18 (September 2007): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-7073(07)71147-7.

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HELWICK, CAROLINE. "American Ginseng Improves Working Memory." Clinical Psychiatry News 39, no. 1 (January 2011): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0270-6644(11)70062-5.

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Shende, Shrikrishna S., Kalbhairav M. Shinde, Abhijit V. Tilak, Bhalachandra T. Rane, Siddhi Raveendran, and Sanjay A. Dabhade. "A comparative study of American ginseng (spp. Panax quinquefolius) and Donepezil on working memory in rats using scopolamine induced disruption of memory." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 6, no. 3 (February 24, 2017): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20170519.

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Background: Treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) includes acetylcholinesterase inhibitors like Donepezil. American ginseng has been postulated to enhance learning and memory owing to its antiapoptotic activity as well as inhibition of formation of β amyloid plaque. Scarce data is available on effect of combination of these two drugs. Hence, we have conducted this study to evaluate the same. Aim and objectives of the study were to evaluate the role of American ginseng on working memory in rats and to compare the effect of American ginseng with Donepezil on working memory in rats.Methods: Sprag

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Nadeau, I., H. Desilets, S. Gagne, S. Parent, P. Moutoglis, and D. Robitaille. "315 Effect of Mycorrhizal Inoculation with Two Glomus spp. on Growth and Development of American Ginseng Plantlets in Greenhouse." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 497B—497. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.497b.

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American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) is a native plant of the deciduous forests of eastern North America. This highly valuable medicinal plant has been grown commercially for nearly a century in the field, under artificial shade sources, or in forests under mature trees. Wood-grown ginseng roots are highly similar to the wild ones, which increases their value. However, the time required to produce a marketable root is two to three times longer in the forest than in the field. In an attempt to reduce this time, a new technique has been developed to produce ginseng transplants destined for for

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Boehm, C. L., H. C. Harrison, G. Jung, and J. Nienhuis. "Organization of American and Asian Ginseng Germplasm Using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Markers." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 124, no. 3 (May 1999): 252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.124.3.252.

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Genetic differences among eleven cultivated and eight wild-type populations of North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) and four cultivated populations of South Korean ginseng (P. ginseng C.A. Meyer) were estimated using RAPD markers. Cultivated P. ginseng population samples were collected from four regions of S. Korea. Cultivated P. quinquefolium population samples were collected from three regions in North America: Wisconsin, the Southeastern Appalachian region of the United States, and Canada. Wild-type P. quinquefolium was collected from three states in the United States: Pennsylvan

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Li, Hongyu, Yuan Li, Shiquan Xu, Yingping Wang, and Hao Zhang. "Removing the endosperm of ginseng and American ginseng seeds results in embryos developing into normal seedlings." Seed Science and Technology 48, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.15258/sst.2020.48.2.16.

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Both ginseng and American ginseng are world-famous traditional medicines with multiple bioactivities. The deep dormancy of their seeds causes serious problems in artificial cultivation. However, little is known about the physiological mechanism of seed dormancy and how to shorten the seed dormancy period for these two plant species. An experiment was conducted to determine whether endosperm removal would promote embryo development in ginseng and American ginseng and if in vitro embryos would suffer nutrient deficiency during seedling establishment. The results show that excised embryos develop

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Harnly, James, Pei Chen, and Peter de B. Harrington. "Probability of Identification: Adulteration of American Ginseng with Asian Ginseng." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 96, no. 6 (November 1, 2013): 1258–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.13-290.

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Abstract The AOAC INTERNATIONAL guidelines for validation of botanical identification methods were applied to the detection of Asian Ginseng [Panax ginseng (PG)] as an adulterant for American Ginseng [P. quinquefolius (PQ)] using spectral fingerprints obtained by flow injection mass spectrometry (FIMS). Samples of 100% PQ and 100% PG were physically mixed to provide 90, 80, and 50% PQ. The multivariate FIMS fingerprint data were analyzed using soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) based on 100% PQ. The Q statistic, a measure of the degree of non-fit of the test samples with the ca

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Quayyum, H. A., K. F. Dobinson, and J. A. Traquair. "Conidial morphology, virulence, molecular characterization, and host–parasite interactions of selected Alternaria panax isolates on American ginseng." Canadian Journal of Botany 83, no. 9 (October 2005): 1133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b05-086.

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The fungus Alternaria panax Whetzel causes leaf and stem blight of American ginseng ( Panax quinquefolius L.). Six isolates of A. panax, collected from widely separated ginseng-growing areas in North America, were characterized on the basis of their colony and conidial morphology, molecular characteristics, and virulence. Colony morphology on standard media and conidial morphology based on light microscopy showed some variation with geographic locality: Wisconsin isolates were slightly different from Ontario and British Columbia isolates. Isolates from each locality were equally virulent on Am

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Luo, John Zeqi, та Luguang Luo. "American Ginseng Stimulates Insulin Production and Prevents Apoptosis through Regulation of Uncoupling Protein-2 in Cultured β Cells". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 3, № 3 (2006): 365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nel026.

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American ginseng root displays the ability to achieve glucose homeostasis both experimentally and clinically but the unknown mechanism used by ginseng to achieve its therapeutic effects on diabetes limits its application. Disruption in the insulin secretion of pancreatic β cells is considered the major cause of diabetes. A mitochondrial protein, uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2) has been found to play a critical role in insulin synthesis and β cell survival. Our preliminary studies found that the extracts of American ginseng inhibit UCP-2 expression which may contribute to the ability of ginseng pr

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Zhu, Lei, Ji Li, Nannan Xing, Dongwei Han, Haixue Kuang, and Pengling Ge. "American Ginseng Regulates Gene Expression to Protect against Premature Ovarian Failure in Rats." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/767124.

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Premature ovarian failure (POF) is defined as lost ovarian functions before the age of 40. Three possible molecular markers (PLA2G4A,miR-29a, andmiR-144) have been identified in our previous study by integrated analysis of mRNA and miRNA expression profiles. The present study aimed to evaluate American ginseng root’s protective potential against POF by studying transcriptional and protein variations between American ginseng treatments and controls in rats. 4-Vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) was administered to rats for 14 days to induce POF. Additionally, American ginseng was administered to P

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Estaki, Mehrbod, and Earl G. Noble. "North American ginseng protects against muscle damage and reduces neutrophil infiltration after an acute bout of downhill running in rats." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 40, no. 2 (February 2015): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2014-0331.

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Eccentric muscle contractions such as those experienced during downhill running are associated with inflammation, delayed-onset of muscle soreness, myofiber damage, and various functional deficits. North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory properties and thus may offset some of this exercise-induced damage. Hence, we tested the hypothesis that intervention with North American ginseng would reduce eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammation. Male Wistar rats were fed (300 mg/(kg·day)–1) of either an alcohol (AL) or aqueous (AQ)

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Sloley, Brian Duff, Yi-Chan James Lin, Douglas Ridgway, Hugh Alexander Semple, Yun Kau Tam, Ronald Thomson Coutts, Raimar Löbenberg, and Nuzhat Tam-Zaman. "A Method for the Analysis of Ginsenosides, Malonyl Ginsenosides, and Hydrolyzed Ginsenosides Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet and PositiveMode Electrospray IonizationMass Spectrometric Detection." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 89, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/89.1.16.

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Abstract A high-performance liquid chromatographic separation coupled to diode array absorbance and positive mode electrospraymass spectrometric detection has been developed for the analysis of ginsenosides, malonyl ginsenosides, and hydrolyzed ginsenosides in extracts of Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) and American ginseng (P. quinquefolius). The method is capable of separating, identifying, and quantifying the predominant ginsenosides found in heated alcoholic extracts of Asian and American ginseng roots routinely sold as nutraceuticals. It also separates and identifies the malonyl ginsenoside

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Quayyum, H. A., M. Gijzen, and J. A. Traquair. "Purification of a Necrosis-Inducing, Host-Specific Protein Toxin from Spore Germination Fluid of Alternaria panax." Phytopathology® 93, no. 3 (March 2003): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2003.93.3.323.

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Spore germination fluid of Alternaria panax, the causal agent of Alternaria blight of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius), collected from water droplets or aqueous ginseng leaf extracts produced visible water-soaked lesions on wounded, detached leaflets after incubation for 48 h. Maximum development of brown, necrotic spots occurred 4 to 5 days after inoculation on attached and detached ginseng leaflets. Of 15 plant species tested, only American ginseng was susceptible to applications of spore inoculum or spore germination fluid. The phytotoxic activity of the spore germination fluid was de

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Wang, Chong-Zhi, Samantha Anderson, and Chun-Su Yuan. "Phytochemistry and Anticancer Potential of Notoginseng." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 44, no. 01 (January 2016): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x16500026.

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Asian ginseng, American ginseng, and notoginseng are three major species in the ginseng family. Notoginseng is a Chinese herbal medicine with a long history of use in many Oriental countries. This botanical has a distinct ginsenoside profile compared to other ginseng herbs. As a saponin-rich plant, notoginseng could be a good candidate for cancer chemoprevention. However, to date, only relatively limited anticancer studies have been conducted on notoginseng. In this paper, after reviewing its anticancer data, phytochemical isolation and analysis of notoginseng is presented in comparison with A

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Chang, Young, Joshua Smith, Diane G. Portman, Ritika Oberoi-Jassal, Sahana Rajasekhara, and Mellar P. Davis. "The combination therapy with methylphenidate and American ginseng in cancer-related fatigue." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 26_suppl (October 9, 2016): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.26_suppl.215.

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215 Background: Fatigue is one of common symptoms among patients with cancer. However, little is known about the pathophysiology and effective pharmacologic intervention. Methylphenidate and American Ginseng were recognized for promising results and safe to use as a single therapy. Psycho-stimulants are commonly used and are effective in moderate to severe fatigue. The mechanism behind the evidence for methylphenidate is rebalancing dopamine neurotransmission which is altered in fatigue. The mechanism behind ginseng benefits appears to be improvement in muscle metabolism and reduction in infla

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Lee, Jin Wook, and Kenneth W. Mudge. "GYPSUM AFFECTS AMERICAN GINSENG'S GROWTH, NUTRITION, AND GINSENOSIDES." HortScience 41, no. 3 (June 2006): 492C—492. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.3.492c.

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In the Northeast, wild American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) is typically found growing in the dense shade provided by deciduous hardwood tree species such as a sugar maple, in slightly acidic soils with relatively high calcium content. Woods cultivated ginseng is often grown in forest farming agroforestry systems under similar conditions. Supplemental calcium by soil incorporation of gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) is often recommended for woods cultivated ginseng. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of this practice on soil chemical properties, plant growth and quality of Amer

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Bai, Dapeng, J. Brandle, and R. Reeleder. "Genetic diversity in North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) grown in Ontario detected by RAPD analysis." Genome 40, no. 1 (February 1, 1997): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g97-015.

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Genetic diversity within North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) grown in Ontario was investigated at the DNA level using the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method via the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 420 random decamers were initially screened against DNA from four ginseng plants and 78.8% of them generated RAPD fragments. Thirty-six of the decamers that generated highly repeatable polymorphic RAPD markers were selected for further RAPD analysis of the ginseng population. With these primers, 352 discernible DNA fragments were produced from DNA of 48 ginseng p

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Dou, De-Qiang, Wen-Bin Hou, and Ying-Jie Chen. "Studies of the Characteristic Constituents of Chinese Ginseng and American Ginseng." Planta Medica 64, no. 06 (August 1998): 585–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-957526.

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Kitts, DD, and C. Hu. "Efficacy and safety of ginseng." Public Health Nutrition 3, no. 4a (December 2000): 473–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980000000550.

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AbstractGinseng (Panax ginseng, C.A. Meyer) has been a popular herbal remedy used in eastern Asian cultures for thousands of years. In North America, the ginseng species indigenous to both Canada and the United States (Panax quinquefolium) represents an important industry for both domestic and export markets. There are numerous theories and claims describing the efficacy of ginseng, which can combat stress, enhance both the central and immune systems and contribute towards maintaining optimal oxidative status against certain chronic disease states and aging. Risk issues concerning the safety o

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Nadeau, I., R. R. Simard, and A. Olivier. "The impact of lime and organic fertilization on the growth of wild-simulated American ginseng." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 83, no. 3 (July 1, 2003): 603–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p02-044.

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A 5-yr experiment was undertaken in a red maple forest to evaluate the effects of lime and organic fertilizer application on the growth parameters of wild-simulated American ginseng growing on a very acidi c soil. The application of lime had a positive impact on ginseng emergence and survival rate; it also significantly increased soil Ca, as compared to no application (control). During the last years of the experiment, adding lime also increased leaf area, a s well as shoot and root mass of ginseng. Adding lime and organic fertilizer together positively affected ginseng survival rate and root

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Kołodziej, Barbara. "The effect of foliar fertilization with Alkalin PK in American ginseng culture." Agronomy Science 63, no. 1 (March 21, 2008): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/as.2008.1.10.

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American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) is a famous medicinal plant with adaptogenic, immunostimulating and anti-aging properties. In four-year-lasting field experiment located on light loamy sand soil the effect of foliar fertilization with 0.33% Alkalin PK 10:20 (foliar fertil-izer with very high pH-11.5) as well as Alkalin with fungicides on American ginseng yields and morphological parameters were examined.Twice a year Alkaline PK application as well as Alkalin with fungicides positively affected American ginseng root, stem, laeves quality parameters as well as the weight of fruits and s

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