Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Aspergilosis"
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Torres, Damas William, Cárdenas Daniel Yumpo e Anaya Evelin Mota. "Coinfección de mucormicosis rinocerebral y aspergilosis sinusal". Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/595424.
Texto completo da fonteLa mucormicosis y la aspergilosis son las causas más frecuentes de infecciones micóticas causadas por hongos filamentosos, la coinfección en un mismo huésped es poco frecuente. Se presenta el caso de un paciente varón de 78 años con debut de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y cetoacidosis, que presenta tumefacción de hemicara derecha, parálisis facial derecha, ptosis palpebral y úlcera necrótica en paladar derecho. La tomografía computarizada de macizo facial evidenció un absceso del seno maxilar derecho, de cuya secreción se cultivó Aspergillus fumigatus. El resultado de anatomía patológica de biopsia de paladar, seno maxilar y hueso etmoidal fue compatible con mucormicosis. El paciente recibió tratamiento con voriconazol, anfotericina B desoxicolato y debridamiento quirúrgico del seno maxilar. Sin embargo, pese al manejo, falleció. La coinfección rinocerebral por mucormicosis y aspergilosis debería ser sospechada en pacientes inmunosuprimidos con el fin de establecer un manejo temprano que permita mejorar el pronóstico de la enfermedad.
Sosa, Díaz Lilian Elisa. "Elaboración de formulaciones nanoestructuradas de Anfotericina B para el tratamiento de la Candidiasis, Aspergilosis y Leishmaniosis cutánea". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665551.
Texto completo da fonteThe skin constitutes one of the first lines of defense of our organism and, as such, it can suffer the aggression of many microorganisms and parasites. These pathologies include the mycosis and leishmaniosis that can be treated with a variety of drugs presented under different pharmaceutical forms designed for the corresponding routes of administration, the most common oral, cutaneous and parenteral pathways. For the treatment of skin conditions and their annexes, the skin route in principle is the one of choice, however, in some cases it does not provide the expected therapeutic results, often due to poor penetration and / or retention of the drug at the dermal level. This lack of efficiency could be mitigated by the use of vehicles such as nanoemulsions and thermorreversible hydrogels, giving rise to new formulations that could be used as an alternative to oral or parenteral administration medications for the treatment of cutaneous pathologies. Amphotericin B may be a good candidate, given its oral nephrotoxic potential and the absence in Europe of medications with this active ingredient for its skin administration. If these new formulations were viable, they would be a good alternative, since in principle the potential undesirable effects of the drug would be considerably reduced. In addition, compared with injectables, they would present the benefit of non-invasive and painless administration. For the development of the Thesis, a comprehensive preliminary bibliography study has been carried out which is summarized in Chapter 1 of the report. Next, in Chapter 2, the objectives and established work plan are set out. The other chapters deal with the experimental part with its final conclusions.
Arevalo, Casapia Sheyla. "Especificación molecular de cepas aisladas de Aspergilosis pulmonar identificadas erróneamente como Aspergillus fumigatus según sus características fenotípicas". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/16771.
Texto completo da fonteCastillo, de la Cadena Luis Arístides. "Tratamiento quirúrgico del aspergiloma pulmonar “Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo”". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2007. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/11912.
Texto completo da fonteTrabajo académico
Martín, Gómez Mª Teresa. "Eficacia terapéutica de diferentes regímenes de administración de la anfotericina B liposomal en un modelo animal experimental de aspergilosis pulmonar invasora". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4514.
Texto completo da fonteEn primer lugar se evaluaron las diferencias entre la eficacia terapéutica de la anfotericina B deoxicolato (d-AmB) 1 mg/kg/d i.v. y dosis escaladas de anfotericina B liposomal (L-AmB) 3, 5 o 10 mg/kg/d i.v. Todos los tratamientos mejoraron significativamente la supervivencia comparados con el control no tratado; sólo los animales tratados con las dosis más altas de L-AmB presentaron además reducciones significativas del peso del bloque pulmonar o de la carga fúngica pulmonar comparado con control, d-AmB o L-AmB 3 mg/kg/d.
En un segundo estudio se evaluó la eficacia de la estategia basada en la administración intravenosa de dosis de carga elevadas (10 mg/kg/d durante 3 o 4 días) discontinuadas o seguidas de dosis de mantenimiento de 3 mg/kg/d. Las estrategias basadas en la administración de dosis de carga resultaron en una mejora significativa de la supervivencia comparado con el grupo control. El peso del bloque pulmonar fue significativamente inferior en los grupos que recibieron dosis de carga discontinuada comparado con control o, además, con d-AmB en el caso de los que recibieron tratamiento continuado. Se observó una tendencia a la reducción de la carga fúngica en los grupos que recibieron dosis de carga aunque sólo alcanzó significación estadística con respecto a control en todos los parámetros estudiados el grupo que recibió la dosis de carga más prolongada seguida de dosis de mantenimiento.
En un tercer estudio se evaluó la eficacia de la administración nebulizada de d-AmB y L-AmB y de la coadministración de L-AmB por vía nebulizada e intravenosa. La administración nebulizada prolongó significativamente la supervivencia de los animales comparado con el grupo control; la nebulización de L-AmB además mejoró la supervivencia comparada con la administración i.v. de d-AmB. Todos los grupos que recibieron nebulización redujeron el peso del bloque pulmonar y la carga fúngica respecto al grupo control o d-AmB i.v. Esta reducción fue significativa en el caso del peso pulmonar. La cuantificación de quitina, sin embargo sólo fue significativamente inferior a control o d-AmB i.v. en los animales que recibieron L-AmB nebulizada; el recuento de colonias aunque fue mas bajo en los que recibieron nebulizado, no llegó a alcanzar significación estadística.
Del conjunto de este trabajo se extraen las siguientes conclusiones: (1) el modelo animal de aspergilosis pulmonar invasora (API) en ratas inmunosuprimidas con esteroides es útil en los estudios de eficacia antifúngica (2) Existe una relación dosis-eficacia en el caso de anfotericina B liposomal (3) La estrategia basada en la administrtación de dosis de carga es válida en el tratamiento de la API aunque de este trabajo no se puede inferir la duración del tratamiento inicial con dosis de carga (4) La administración de anfotericina B nebulizada, en particular de la formulación liposomal, puede ser útil en el tratamiento de la API (5) la coadministración de L-AmB i.v. y nebulizada parece una aproximación prudente al tratamiento de la API por la dificultad existente para descartar la diseminación extrapulmonar en humanos.
In recent years, great advances have been produced in the treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. However, current treatment recommendations still show suboptimal rates of success underlining the need for better therapies. A possible new strategy adressed to increase therapeutic success might be based on new ways to administer currently available antifungals.
Liposomal amphotericin B has a therapeutic window wider than amphotericin deoxycholate as it has a rate of adverse effects lower than the conventional formulation. This work explores the efficacy of new ways of administration of liposomal amphotericin B addressed to increase its concentration at the primary focus of infection, the pulmonary tissue. With this purpose, an experimental model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in steroid-immunosuppressed rats was used. Survival, pulmonary weight (as indirect marker of tissue damage), and fungal load (colony forming units and chitin quantification) were used as endpoints to evaluate the efficacy of treatments.
In a first set of experiments, differences between 1 mg/kg/day of amphotericin B deoxycholate (d-AmB) and scalated does of liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB; dose range: 3, 5, and 10 mg/kg/day) given intravenously were evaluated. All treatment regimens improved the survival of animals as compared to untreated controls, but only rats treated with the highest dose of L-AmB also achieved a significant reduction of pulmonary weight and fungal load as compared to controls, d-AmB or L-AmB 3 mg/kg.
The second set of experiments was intended to assess the efficacy of the administration of high loading doses of L-AmB (10 mg/kg for 3 or 4 days) discontinuated or followed by lower maintenance doses (3 mg/kg/day until the end of the treatment). Strategies based on the infusion of high loading doses resulted in a significant improvement of survival and reduced pulmonary weight as compared to the untreated control group. Groups that received low maintenance doses, also showed a significant reduction of lung weight compared to d-AmB. A trend to a reduction of the fungal load was seen in groups that received loading doses but this reduction reached statistical significance as compared to controls in the group treated with 10 mg/kg 4 days plus 3 mg/kg/day until completion of the treatment period.
In a third set of experiments, the efficacy of aerosolized delivery of d-AmB and L-Amb, and the effectiveness of the coadministration of intravenous and nebulized L-AmB were studied. Aerosolized administration prolonged significantly the survival and reduced the pulmonary weight of animals as compared to untreated controls and intravenous d-AmB. They also reduced the fungal load, but the reduction, in terms of chitin content, was significant as compared to controls only in animals receiving nebulized L-AmB alone or associated to intravenous L-AmB. Combined intravenous plus nebulized administration of L-AmB did not performed better than aerosolized L-Amb alone.
From the global of this work, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) the animal model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in steroid-immunosuppressed rats is useful in studies of therapeutic efficacy. (2) Liposomal amphotericin B displays a dose-efficacy relationship. (3) Administration of high loading doses is a valid strategy for the treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis although the duration of the initial loadinf treatment cannot be inferred from this work. (4) Administration of nebulized amphotericin B, particularly L-AmB, can be useful for the treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. (5) Coadministration of intravenous plus nebulized amphotericin B seems a wise approach to the treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis given that it is difficult to discard the possibility of a extrapulmonary dissemination in humans.
Parody, Porras Rocio. "Impacto de la fuente de progenitores en la mortalidad relacionada con la infección post-trasplante alogénico. Factores de progresión y pronóstico de Aspergilosis Invasiva". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/107937.
Texto completo da fonteThe present doctoral thesis is compound of 3 manuscripts already published, in the setting of infectious complications after allogeneic transplantation (alloSCT). The first one is focused in a Spanish multicenter study designed with the aim of studying the impact of the type of source of hematopoietic stem cells on transplant and infection-related mortality (TRM and IRM respectively), since the umbilical cord blood is increasingly used in the last decades and the literature about comparison of different sources (UCB versus bone marrow or peripheral blood) is scarce. The main conclusion of the study is that the source had not a significant impact in overall outcomes as: TRM at 100 days and 1 year, cumulative incidence of CMV infection and disease and Overall Survival. Moreover IRM is the first cause of TRM in both groups (around 60% of total causes of TRM). These findings suggest that the risk of IRM in the setting of alloSCT from UCB is similar to others sources if selection of UCB unit follows strict criteria. Next to this study, doctorand research has focused mainly in one of the most common infections in hematological patients: fungal infections by Aspergillus (IA). A multicenter study was designed in the setting of European Bone Marrow Transplantation group to report a representative sample of patients with a prior diagnosis of IA who underwent an alloSCT, to analyze risk factors for progression of IA after transplant. Variables that resulted statistically significant in multivariate analysis for a higher risk (Cumulative Incidence, Cum.Inc) of progression of IA at 2 years were (1) prolonged neutropenia, (2) advanced status of basal disease, (3) antifungal therapy for less than 6 weeks prior alloSCT, (4) CMV disease, (5) Bone marrow or UCB as source and (6) acute II-IV GHVD. In addition, myeloablative conditioning increased progression risk the first 30 days after alloSCT. With these results we present a risk model with 3 subgroups based on the presence or 0-6 risk factors (P < 0.001): low (0-1 risk factors; Cum. Inc of IA 6%), intermedial (2-3 risk factors; Cum.Inc 27%) and high risk(> 3 risk factors, Cum.Inc 72%). This model might orientate the choice of conditioning intensity as well as secondary antifungal prophylaxis. The third study, attached as anexum, is focused on another scarcely explored field, the prognosis of IA: we analyzed in a monocenter study from Sant Pau’s Hospital 130 cases of possible, probable or proven IA, to establish a prognosis model useful as a tool for deciding an individualized strategy in the clinical practice. Five variables diminished Aspergillosis-free survival (AFS) at 4 months from diagnosis, in both groups analyzed, alloSCT and hematological patients non-transplanted (non-alloSCT): (1) one organ dysfunction at diagnosis of IA, (2) more than one organ dysfunction (2 points), (3) disseminated IA, (4) time of neutropenia longer than 10 days (non- alloSCT) or monocytopenia (<0.1 x 109/l) (alloSCT), and (5) steroids treatment (non- alloSCT) or alternative donor (alloSCT). According with the number of adverse prognosis factors at diagnosis of IA, we identified 3 prognosis subgroups: favorable (AFS 97% and 78%), intermedial (AFS 73% y 32%) and poor (AFS 20% and 11%) in non-alloSCT and alloSCT respectively.
Peghin, Maddalena. "Cambios en las características de la enfermedad fúngica invasora en los pacientes inmunodeprimidos". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/378342.
Texto completo da fonteOver the last decade, the incidence of invasive fungal infections (IFI) is increasing in immunocompromised or hospitalized patients. These infections have high morbidity and mortality, resulting in a high consumption of resources. In addition, the population of patients susceptible to developing IFI has expanded significantly and new groups at risk have emerged. Therefore, the classic view of IFI has changed and, now, we know that different clinical syndromes can be seen as a continuum of the same disease, depending on the interaction between the fungi and the host. Finally, we have identified changes in the timing of these infections due to medical advances against the traditional underlying disease, the presence of new prophylactic and therapeutic strategies, the emergence of antifungal resistances and new diagnostic tools. This work shows that in the IFI caused by filamentous fungi the relationship between pathogen and host is constantly changing due to epidemiological and clinical changes of the patient. In the first study we found that in patients with primary lung neoplasia or metastatic lung cancer, the presence of pulmonary anatomical changes due to the cancer, associated with local and systemic disorders that compromise the immune response, appear to be factors that predispose to chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA). Today, this entity, which is on the border between saprophytic and invasive disease, may be underdiagnosed because the underlying disease can mask its symptoms. Isolation of Aspergillus spp. in respiratory specimens should induce a high level of suspicion in these vulnerable patients in whom CPA is associated with a poor prognosis. In the second study, we have described that prophylaxis with nebulized liposomal amphotericin B (n-LAB) has proved to be safe, tolerable and can be used for preventing Aspergillus spp. infection in lung transplant recipients (LTR). Over the last years, the incidence of Aspergillus spp. colonization and infection has decreased. However, species with reduced amphotericin susceptibility or resistance are emerging but do not seem to be associated with lower successful outcome or higher mortality in our series. The emergence of resistant microorganisms can be a sentinel event that needs to be monitored. Moreover, we have observed that chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) is associated with the development of Aspergillus spp. colonization and infection, and n-LAB prophylaxis could be intensified in patients with this factor. In the third study, we have found that pre- and post-transplantation isolation of non-Aspergillus molds in respiratory samples is high in LTR undergoing n-LAB prophylaxis. We have described a relatively low incidence of invasive disease, but associated with considerable related mortality. Purpureocillium spp. are emerging, as a cause of respiratory infection in LTRs. Detection of intrinsically AB-resistant non-Aspergillus molds was more common in bronchoscopy samples. These strains were associated with a higher risk of infection than AB-variably susceptible or AB-sensitive molds.
Carvalho, Luísa Isabel Correia. "Aspergillus e aspergilose: desafios no combate da doença". Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4166.
Texto completo da fonteAspergillus spp são onipresentes no ar, no solo e em material em decomposição. Como resultado estão constantemente a ser inalados, sendo assim, o trato respiratório o portal de entrada. Várias espécies de Aspergillus podem causar doenças em humanos sendo os mais frequentemente isolados: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus flavus e, com maior predomínio a espécie Aspergillus fumigatus. A exposição a este fungo no meio ambiente pode provocar reações alérgicas em doentes hipersensíveis ou então aspergilose invasiva e doença disseminada em doentes com graves problemas de imunodepressão. A aspergilose invasiva ocorre numa ampla variedade de cenários clínicos, é variável nas suas manifestações, e ainda está associado com uma taxa de mortalidade muito elevada. A prevenção da aspergilose em doentes de alto risco é fundamental. Os doentes neutropénicos e outros de alto risco são, em geral, instalados em locais de ar filtrados, de modo a minimizar a exposição aos conídios de Aspergillus. Contudo a dificuldade no diagnóstico do fungo causador da infeção, devido à falta de um método eficaz, leva a que muitas vezes o diagnóstico ainda seja apenas confirmado na autópsia. Aspergillus spp are all around us, in the soil and in material decomposing. This means that we’re constantly inhaling it, making the respiratory system the way this fungus gets into our bodies. Several Aspergillus variants can cause disease in humans, the most frequent being: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus flavus and finally the Aspergillus fumigatus variant with a higher dominion. Being exposed to this fungus can either cause allergic reactions to hyper-sensitive patients, or cause an invasive aspergillosis and widespread disease in patients with severe immunosuppression problems. Invasive aspergillosis occurs in a wide variety of clinical scenarios, it doesn’t always manifest the same symptoms, and it is also associate to a high mortality rate. Prevention of aspergillosis in high risk patients is a key milestone. Neutropenic and high risk patients are usually accommodated in areas with filtered air, to prevent or at least minimize the exposure to Aspergillus conidium. Unfortunately, the absence of an effective method for aspergillosis diagnosis means that the disease is only confirmed at the time of the autopsy.
Costa, Marjorie Carelli. "Produção, purificação e caracterização de lipase de Aspergillus sp". [s.n.], 1996. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256698.
Texto completo da fonteDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: Seissentas e oitenta e nove linhagens de fungos foram isoladas de amostras de diversas regiões do Brasil, e testadas quanto à capacidade de hidrolisarem glicerídeos, através da ação de lipase extracelular. Destas linhagens quatro foràm pré-selecionadas como produtoras de lipase. Foram encontradas duas linhagens identificadas como Aspergillus sp que apresentaram alta produção de lipase em meio de cultivo composto de fareIo de trigo e água. A lipase de .Aspergillus sp linhagem n° 1099, hidrolisa preferencialmente gordura de leite de cabra e não apresenta afinidade pelo substrato sintético p-nitrofenil-Iaurato. A lipase de Aspergillus sp linhagem n° 1068 hidrolisa preferencialmete gordura de côco, tem pequena atividade contra óleo de oliva e apresenta afinidade pelo substrato p-nitrofenil-Iaurato. Devido à sua maior atividade lipolítica, esta enzima foi selecionada dentre as duas para o estudo, de purificação enzimática. Esta lipase foi parcialmente purificada através de fracionamento com sulfato de amônio e coluna de DEAE-Celulose obtendo-se duas frações. As frações obtidas apresentaram o mesmo perfil bioquímico quanto ao pH e à temperatura ótima de ação enzimática. A Reação de esterificação entre ácido oleico e glicerol pela lipase de Aspergillus sp nOl068 foi examinada e verificou-se que a enzima esterifica o ácido oleico e glicerol, produzindo mono, di e triglicerídeos
Abstract: The screening of lipase producing filamentous fungi was perfonned including 689 strains of microorganisms which were isolated from samples of the several regions in Brazil. It was found that four strains produced hight activity of extracellular lipase.Two of them produced higher activity of lipase. These strains were identified as Aspergillus sp. The lipase from Aspergillus sp was produced by solid state fennentation in medium containining wheat bran and water The lipase from Aspergillus sp strains nOlO99 hydrolysed preferentialy she-goat milk fat and did not hydrolysed the sinthetic substrate pnitrophenil-laurate. The lipase from Aspergillus sp strains nOlO68 hydrolysed preferentialy coconut oil and olive oil and hydrolysed the sinthetic substrate pnitrophenil-laurate.This enzyme showed the highest lipolytic activity. For Ws reason it was selected to be purified on column chromatography. This lipase was partly purified by fracionation with ammomum sulfate and DEAE-cellulose column.Two fractions were obtained in the end af the purification processo Both showed the same biochemical profile regarding pH and temperature of activity. Enzymatic esterification using glicerol and oleic acid by lipase from Aspergillus sp strains nOlO68 was also examined. It was found that the enzyme esterified the oleic acid and glicerol (\l1d that it produces monoglycerides, diglicerydes and triglicerydes
Mestrado
Mestre em Ciência de Alimentos
Oliveira, Alfredo Luis Zangarini Grisi de. "Interação genica e produção de glicoamilase em hibridos interespecificos de Aspergillus niger e Aspergillus awamori". [s.n.], 1991. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317241.
Texto completo da fonteDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Mestrado
Genetica
Mestre em Ciências Biológicas
Dias, Viviane Maria de Carvalho Hessel. "Aspergilose invasiva em receptores de transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/28384.
Texto completo da fonteBRANDÃO, Ildnay de Souza Lima. "Análise comparativa entre métodos laboratoriais para diagnóstico da aspergilose pulmonar". Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2012. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/10387.
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CNPq
Aspergilose pulmonar é responsável por altas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade, sendo fundamental a associação da clínica, imagem e diagnóstico laboratorial. Este trabalho teve como objetivo correlacionar métodos diagnósticos de aspergilose pulmonar em pacientes internos no Hospital Geral Otávio de Freitas, Recife/PE. De 64 pacientes foram analisadas amostras clínicas através de microscopia direta, identificação do agente etiológico, detecção de galactomanana e anticorpos. Os antígenos foram obtidos de filtrado de três culturas de cada espécie de Aspergillus fumigatus, A. flavus e A. niger mantidas na Micoteca URM. A concentração de proteínas totais variou de 178μg/ml a 2.315μg/ml e a de açúcares de 278μg/ml a 22.436μg/ml. Os antígenos apresentaram 100% de sensibilidade e especificidade. Dos 64 pacientes, em 13 (20,3%) foi constatada aspergilose pulmonar, a partir de critérios clínicos, radiológicos e micológicos. Predominando no sexo masculino com 69,2% e faixa etária de 51 a 60 anos; sendo tuberculose a principal co-morbidade com 84,6%. Dentre os agentes etiológicos, A. fumigatus permanece o mais frequente, sendo observada em dois casos infecção mista. Em 69,2% dos pacientes o exame direto foi compatível com infecção e em 92,3% o agente foi isolado; 54% dos pacientes foram detectados anticorpos anti-Aspergillus, com títulos de 1:4, enquanto que a galactomanana foi detectada no soro de todos os pacientes, com títulos de 0,89 a 1,03. Na aspergilose pulmonar é indispensável a associação de vários métodos diagnósticos rápidos e eficientes.
Cabana, Ângela Leitzke. "Monitoramento sorológico para diagnóstico precoce da aspergilose em pinguins em cativeiro". Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2013. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2490.
Texto completo da fonteAspergillosis is a leading cause of death in captive penguins. Though being a known problem for decades, most reported cases are still only confirmed in post-mortem examinations, requiring further studies on methods for in vivo diagnosis of the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of detection of anti-Aspergillus fumigatus antibodies through the performance by serological monitoring with agar gel double radial immunodiffusion (AGID) for in vivo diagnosis of aspergillosis in captive penguins. The study was performed including Magellanic penguins in a rehabilitation program at Center for Recovery of Marine Animals (CRAM/FURG) in the period from 2009 to 2011. We included 134 Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) in rehabilitation at CRAM, which were monitored by AGID weekly until its final destination (death or release) totaling 660 studied serum samples. The serological monitoring was performed in order to detect anti-Aspergillus fumigatus antibodies using commercial antibodies and antigen. All animals were clinically monitored and post-mortem examinations were performed on penguins that died during the study period. A total of 28% (37/134) penguin died, 89.2% (33/37) of aspergillosis, 11% (4/37) of other causes and 97 were released. From the 33 animals with proven aspergillosis, 21 had anti-A. fumigatus antibodies by AGID, being the average interval between death and the positive AGID result of 16.4 days. Twelve seronegative animals eventually died of aspergillosis. The rates of sensitivity and specificity were 63.6% and 95%, respectively, and positive and negative predictive values were 80.7% and 88.9% respectively. These data demonstrate that serological monitoring for the detection of antibodies by AGID may be a useful and important tool for the diagnosis of aspergillosis in penguins. As our study with AGID in penguins is pioneer, more studies are required concerning the prognosis in cases of aspergillosis in penguins whose therapeutic intervention is based on diagnosis by AGID, considering that the average period between the positive result of this test and the death of the animal was less than one month. Key-words: Sphenisciformes. Captivity
A aspergilose é uma das principais causas de morte de pinguins em cativeiro. Embora este seja um problema conhecido há décadas, a maioria dos casos relatados são ainda confirmados em exames post-mortem, sendo necessários mais estudos sobre os métodos de diagnóstico in vivo da doença. Assim, este trabalho objetivou avaliar a eficácia da detecção de anticorpos anti-Aspergillus fumigatus através do desempenho do monitoramento sorológico por imunodifusão radial dupla em gel de ágar (IDGA) para o diagnóstico in vivo da aspergilose em pinguins em cativeiro. O estudo foi realizado incluindo pinguins-de-Magalhães em reabilitação no Centro de Recuperação de Animais Marinhos (CRAM/FURG) no período de 2009 a 2011.. Foram incluídos 134 pingüins de Magalhães (Spheniscus magellanicus) em reabilitação no Centro de Recuperação de Animais Marinhos (CRAM / FURG), que foram monitorados por IDGA semanalmente até seu destino final (morte ou de liberação), totalizando 660 amostras de soro estudadas. O monitoramento sorológico foi realizado para detecção de anticorpos anti-Aspergillus fumigatus utilizando antígeno e anticorpos comerciais. Todos os animais foram acompanhados clinicamente e exames post-mortem foram realizados em pinguins que vieram a óbito durante o período do estudo. Um total de 28% (37/134) dos pinguins veio a óbito, 89,2% (33/37) de aspergilose, 11% (4/37) de outras causas e 97 foram libertados. A partir dos 33 animais com aspergilose comprovada, 21 apresentaram anticorpos anti- A. fumigatus por IDGA, sendo o intervalo médio entre a morte e as IDGA positivas 16,4 dias. Doze animais com sorologia negativa vieram a óbito por aspergilose. As taxas de sensibilidade e especificidade foram de 63,6% e 95%, respectivamente, e os valores preditivo positivo e negativo foram 80,7% e 88,9%, respectivamente. Estes dados demonstram que o acompanhamento serológico para a detecção de anticorpos por IDGA pode ser uma ferramenta útil e importante para o diagnóstico de aspergilose em pinguins. Como nosso estudo com IDGA em pinguins é pioneiro, maiores estudos são necessários acerca do prognóstico dos casos de aspergilose em pinguins cuja intervenção terapêutica se baseie no diagnóstico por IDGA, considerando que o período médio entre o resultado positivo deste teste e o óbito do animal foi de menos de um mês.
Masiero, Marcia. "Parassexualidade e produção de amiloglicosidase em Aspergillus niger". [s.n.], 1988. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317243.
Texto completo da fonteDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Este trabalho teve por objetivos a obtenção de mutantes auxotróficos e de resistência à drogas em Aspergillus Niger, para serem utilizados na análise genética via ciclo parassexual e estabelecimento de novos grupos de ligação numa linhagem Industrial utilizada neste laboratório. Além disso, os parentais diplóldese alguns segregantes destes cruzamentos foram analisados para produção da enzima amiloglicosidase. As mutações de resistência ao Verde Malaquita e ao Brometo de Etídio se mostraram recessiva e semi-dominante respectivamente, e as auxotróficas arg, lvs, met, mys e tio se mostraram recessivas. O gene nic3 parece ser alelo do gene nic sendo portanto denominados nicA3 e nic A1. Através de análise mitótica foi verificado que as marcas estudadas estão distribuídas em 4 grupos de ligações cenomàçiamda me que a ordem dos genes nos grupos I e IV não foi determinada. , I nic A 1, fwn,1 olv 3, mgr2, ebr5, tio1, mys1 II pab1 III lys2 IV arg1, met1 Nenhum dos diplóides ou demais linhagens ensaiadas apresentaram produção significativamente maior que a linhagem parental pabfwn. Os mutantes arg1, lys1, ebr5, tio1 e puc1, apresentaram redução na produção de amiloglicosidase, e os mutantes mgr2, met e mys, tiveram produção
Abstract: This work had been done aiming the isolation and genetical analysis or auxotrophic and resistant mutants In order to enhance the number of identified linkage groups in a industrial strain. It was also assayed the glucoamylase production or mutants, diploids and parental strains. The mutations to Ethidium Bromide and Malaquite Green resistance showed to be recessive e semi-dominant respectively, the auxotrophlc ones, arg1, met1, lys1, tio1, and mys, showed to be recessive. The gene nic3 seemed to be allele of nic1, and were denominated nic A3 and nic A1. It was possible to Identify four linkage groups in this work. The gene order in linkage groups I and IV was not determined. I nic A 1, fwn,1 olv 3, mgr2, ebr5, tio1, mys1 II pab1 III lys2 IV arg1, met1 None of the diploids or any other strain tested showed significant eleveted levels of glucoamylase-production compared to the parental strain pab1, fwn1. Mutants arg1, lys1, ebr5, tio1 and pur1, had their glucoamylase production reduced and mgr2, met1 and mys1 did not have their yields altered significantly compared to the parental
Mestrado
Genetica
Mestre em Ciências Biológicas
Pedroza, Kelly Cristine Moura Costa. "Detecção do antígeno galactomanana para diagnóstico de aspergilose invasiva em pacientes neutropênicos". Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, 2013. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/17018.
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Aspergilose invasiva (AI) é uma importante causa de morbidade e mortalidade entre pacientes neutropênicos com câncer hematológico. O diagnóstico desta doença fúngica invasiva (DFI) permanece um desafio, especialmente devido a seus sintomas inespecíficos e falta de sensibilidade e especificidade de testes que utilizam metodologia não invasiva. A detecção de galactomanana (GM) em amostras de fluidos biológicos foi recentemente incluída como um critério micológico para AI “provável” em consenso para disgnóstico de DFI elaborado pela European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/ Invasive Fungal Infection Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG). A GM é um antígeno solúvel liberado durante o crescimento da hifa no tecido. O teste de detecção é um ELISA sanduíche (ELISAGM) que tem um excelente valor preditivo negativo no diagnóstico da AI em pacientes de alto risco e pode apresentar índices positivos antes das manifestações clínicas da doença. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a incidência da AI em pacientes neutropênicos com doenças hematológicas malignas acompanhados pelo serviço de hematologia do Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brasil. Foram feitos monitoramentos com testes seriados para detecção de GM em amostras de soro em episódios de neutropenia e os resultados foram associados com dados clínicos dos pacientes. Um total de 102 episódios foi incluído de maio de 2011 a julho de 2012, 48 dos quais com neutropenia prolongada (< 500 neutrófilos/mm3 por mais que 10 days). Um caso com critérios para AI “provável” e quatro com critérios para AI “possível” foram detectados. Um caso com índices positivos seriados em teste de GM sem critério radiológico foi observado; este episódio pode ter representado um estágio inicial da infecção. Os dados obtidos foram condizentes com as descrições sobre a utilidade do ELISA-GM como ferramenta para diagnóstico da AI; entretanto, a associação com outros testes não invasivos pode melhorar sua aplicação na prática clínica.
Calil, Maria Regina. "Isolamento e analise genetica de mutantes de Aspergillus niger com aumento na produção de amiloglicosidase". [s.n.], 1988. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317244.
Texto completo da fonteDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Este trabalho teve por objetivo o isolamento e análise genética de mutantes com aumento na produção da enzima amiloglicosidase (AG) na linhagem pab1fwn1de Aspergillus niger. O agente mutagênico utilizado foi a luz ultravioleta, que se mostrou eficaz na indução destes tipos de mutantes, os quais puderam ser isolados após modificação na metodologia utilizada por VALENT (1985). Os quatro mutantes selecionados exibiram cerca de 30% de aumento na produção, sendo esta diferença significativa nos vários testes realizados. Testes usando inibidor específico para AG, revelaram que o aumento observado na produção, pode ser atribuído principalmente à amiloglicosidase. A denominação escolhida para os mutantes foi hap, a qual significa high amyloglucosidase production. Os mutantes hap isolados - hap112, hap147, hap169 e hap252 - foram cruzados com a linhagem nic1olv3, que apresenta produção normal e marcas compatíveis, para obtenção de diplóides. Os diplóides foram ensaiados quanto a produção da enzima, visando estabelecer o tipo de interação alélica dos genes hap. Os resultados mostraram que a marca de produção de AG presente em três mutantes parece ser recessiva hap112, hap 147 e hap169) e em um mutante parece ser semi-dominante (hap252). Visando o mapeamento dos genes hap, foram isolados segregantes destes diplóides e, após ensaios para verificar a produção de enzima e a caracterização das marcas auxotróficas, pode ser sugerido que os genes hap147 e hap169 estão no grupo de ligação 1; o gene hapC112 não pode ser mapeado e, no mutante hap252 foi observado que a característica de maior produção pode ser atribuída a duas mutações não alélicas e localizadas em dois grupos de ligação como se segue: hapA252 no grupo de ligação I e hapB252 no grupo de ligação lI
Abstract: The aim of this work was the isolation and genetical analysis of mutants with increased amyloglucosidase production using the pab1fwn1 strain of Aspergillus Niger. The mutagenic used was ultraviolet light that showed efficiency in the induction of this type of mutant, which could be isolated after some modifications in the methodology used by VALENT (1985). Four mutants were selected with an increase of about 30% in production, being this difference significant in several tests realized. Tests using AG specific inhibitor revealed that the observed increase in production can be atributed mainly to amyloglucosidase. The chosen denomination for the mutants was hap which stands for high amyloglucosidase production. The hap mutants isolated - hap112, hap147, hap169 and hap252 were crossed with nic1olv3 strain that shows normal production and compatible markers for diploids isolation. These diploids were assayed for enzyme production, aiming to establish the type of allelic interaction. The results showed that the AG production markers present in three mutants could be recessive (hap112, hap147 and _ap169) and in a other mutant could be semi-dorninant (hap252). In order to map the hap genes, segregants of these diploids were isolated and, after assays to examine enzyme production and auxotrofic markers it can be suggested that the genes hap147 and _ap169 are jn the linkage group 1; the gene hap C112 could not be mapped and the hap 252 characteristic can be atributed to two non aIlelic genes located jn two linkage groups as follows: hapA252 jn the linkage group I and hapR252 in the linkage group lI
Mestrado
Mestre em Ciências Biológicas
Frau, Maria Elizabeth Scarazzatti. "Resistencia ao brometo de etidio em aspergillus nidulans". [s.n.], 1985. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317247.
Texto completo da fonteDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: O presente trabalho teve por objetivo isolar e ana-lisar geneticamente mutantes de Aspergillus nidulans resistentes ao Brometo de Etídio (BE), bem como estudar os efeitos da riboflavina em relação a toxicidade do BE. Foram isolados mutantes espontâneos e induzidos. Dos mutantes isolados espontaneamente apenas 3 continuaram a apresentar resistência, sendo 1 da linhagem A e 2 da linhagem biAl methGl. Os outros mutantes (16) foram obtidos por indução com luz ultravioleta. Destes apenas 9 colônias continuaram a apre-sentar resistência ao serem retestados. Todos os mutantes apresentaram também resistência cruzada para acriflavina. Com relação à interação alélica, a maioria das mutações apresentaram-se como semi-dominantes ao BE, com exceção dos mutantes R7-10, R8-10 (recessivos) e R9-10 (dominante), enquanto que os resultados para a interação alélica em acriflavina mostraram que algumas mutações são semidominantes (4), outras são dominantes (2) e outras recessivas (6). A maioria dos mutantes analisados foram mapeados no grupo de ligação II, com exceção do R7-10, que foi mapeado no grupo de ligação I e dos mutantes R8-10 e R9-10 que não puderam ser mapeados. Foi feito teste de alelismo com algumas linhagens resistentes ao BE para verificar se os genes mapeados no grupo de ligação II eram ou não alelos ao gene AcrA1 mapeados por ROPER e KAFFER,(1957). A escolha das linhagens para o teste foi feito de acordo com a distância do marcador para resistência do gene wA3'. Todas as linhagens testadas mostraram ser alélicas de - AcrA1. Tendo em vista todos os resultados obtidos foi proposta sua nova denominação para os mutantes isolados neste trabalho e os descritos por ROPER e KAFFER (1957) a qual combina as iniciais E (de etídio), A(de acriflavina) e R (de resistencia) . Assim o mutante AcrA1 passa a ser EarA1; o mutante Etb A1, EarC1 e assim por diante, dependendo da ordem em que foi descrito. Observou-se ainda o efeito da riboflavina na ação tóxica do BE pois, a presença desta vitamina no meio de cultura tem um efeito antagônico com relação a toxicidade do BE, o que não foi constatado em relação à aciiflavina
Abstract: In the present work we intended to isolate Aspergillus nidulans mutants showing resistance to ethidium bromide (EB), aiming to analise them genetically as well as to study the effects causede by the ribof1avine in relation to the EB toxicity. Spontaneous and induced mutants were isolated. Only three out of the spontaneous mutants continued to show resistance: one from the A strain and two from the biA1 methGl strain. The other mutants (16) were obtained after induction with ultraviolet light but only 9 colonies maintained resistance after further testing. All mutants thus obtained also showed cross-resistance to acrifla-vine. As far as allelic interaction is concerned, mast of the mutations showed to be semi-dominant to EB., except for R7-10, R8-10(recessive) R7-10, R9-10 (dominant). The results for the acriflavine allelic interaction showed semi-dominant (4), dominant (2) and recessive (6) mutations. Lost of the mutants studied were mapped in the linkage group II, with the exception of R7-10 mapped in the linkage group I and the mutants R8-10 and R9-10, which mapping could not be achieved. Test for allelism were undertaken with some resistant strains to show whether the genes mapped to the group of linkage II were allelic or not- to the AcrA1 gene, mapped by ROPER & KAFFER (1957). The distance of the resistance marker to the wA3 gene was taken as a basis in the choice of the strains to be tested. Based on the reported results a new denomination for the mutants here isolated as well as for thow described by ROPER & KAFFER(1957)is proposed, using the following 1etters:E (from ethidium) ,A (from acrif1avine) and R (from resistance). Thus, the AcrA1 mutant would be identified as EarA1; the EtbA1, as EarC1 and so far, depending repor sequence of its description. Furthermore, when present in the culture medium riboflavine showed an arttagonistic effect in relation to the EB toxicity. The same was not found in the case of acriflavine
Mestrado
Mestre em Genetica
Siloto, Angelita Marins Peixoto. "Seleção de microorganismos produtores de fosfolipase, otimização da produção e caracterização da enzima bruta". [s.n.], 2001. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256677.
Texto completo da fonteDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: Seiscentas linhagens de fungos foram isoladas a partir de amostras de solo, frutos, resíduos industriais e testadas quanto à capacidade de hidrolisar fosfoglicerídeos (Iecitina de soja comercial) através da produção de fosfolipase extracelular. Destas linhagens, 96 foram pré-selecionadas como produtoras de fosfolipase por apresentarem formação de halo ao redor da colônia quando cultivadas em meio composto por ágar lecitina contendo o corante rodamina B. Para se verificar as melhores linhagens produtoras de fosfolipase, tais linhagens pré- selecionadas foram cultivadas em meio contendo 5% de caldo de maceração de milho (com steep liquor), 1% de glicose, 0,51% NaNO3, 0,1% KH2PO4, 0,025% MgSO4.7H2O, 0,0046% CaCI2, 0,000632% FeSO4.7H20 e 0,0000234% CuSO4.5H20, tendo seu pH ajustado para 4,5, a 25QC por 72 horas com agitação de 200 rpm. Duas linhagens (nQ212 e nQ 1068) foram escolhidas por apresentarem maior produção de fosfolipase. Alguns parâmetros para a produção de fosfolipase pelas linhagens escolhidas foram estudados, como a seleção do melhor meio de cultivo, efeito da incorporação de diferentes fontes de carbono e relação entre temperatura e tempo de incubação. As fosfolipases das linhagens 212 e 1068 foram caracterizadas bioquimicamente e apresentaram atividade ótima em pH 4,5 a 45°C. Ambas as enzimas não apresentaram atividade na ausência de CaCI2. Através de cromatografia de camada delgada (CCD) constatou-se que ambas as enzimas brutas foram capazes de hidrolisar a lecitina de soja comercial, transformando-a em lisolecitina.
Abstract: The screening of phospholipase producing filamentous fungi was performed including 600 strains of microorganisms which were isolated from samples of soil, fruits and industrial residues. They were tested for phospholipase activity using a method based on lecithin agar and Rhodamine B. 96 strains were selected and its enzyme production were done using medium containing 5% com steep liquor, 1% glucose, 0,51% NaNO3,0,1% KH2PO4, 0,025% MgSO4.7H20, 0,0046% CaCI2, 0,000632% FeSO4.7H20 e 0,0000234% CuSO4.5H20, pH 4,5 at 25 for 72 hours. Two strains (212 and 1068)showed high phospholipaseactivity. The effect of olive oil as carbon source were examined in the culture medium. The crude enzymes showed high activity at 45°C and pH 4,5. The enzymes required Ca+2for the activity.
Mestrado
Mestre em Ciência de Alimentos
Carvalho, Marcos David Figueiredo de. "Estudos citogeneticos de celulas de Hulle em aspergillus nidulans". [s.n.], 1994. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316866.
Texto completo da fonteTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Doutorado
Genetica
Doutor em Ciências Biológicas
Calil, Maria Regina. "Comparação entre os grupos de ligação de duas linhagens de Aspergillus niger (Van Tieghem)". [s.n.], 1995. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316873.
Texto completo da fonteTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Doutorado
Genetica
Doutor em Ciências Biológicas
Cunha, Daiane de Oliveira. "AVALIAÇÃO EPIDEMIOLÓGICA DE PACIENTES SUBMETIDOS AO TESTE DE GALACTOMANANA SÉRICA COM SUSPEITA DE ASPERGILOSE INVASIVA". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2017. http://tede2.pucgoias.edu.br:8080/handle/tede/3662.
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The present dissertation was constructed in the form of scientific articles, being constituted by two articles. The first one, titled "Epidemiological evaluation of patients submitted to the serum galactomannan test with suspected Aspergillosis Invasive", aimed to evaluate the incidence of Invasive Aspergillosis in patients with hematological diseases followed at a reference hospital in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. Determine the main factors that contribute to the development of the disease. For this, 1367 samples of 264 patients with malignant hematological diseases treated in the Hematology Sector of Hospital Araújo Jorge, who underwent galactomannan detection, were evaluated in the period from 2013 to 2015, and were excluded patients who had no clinical data in Medical records and loss of follow-up at the hospital. Among the data obtained through the present study it was observed that the mean age was 43.7 years, where 55.5% were male. Of the total number of patients evaluated, 133 performed BMT, 38.9% of which were autologous and 17.9% of the allogeneic type. According to the classification for Invasive Aspergillosis according to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, the disease was interpreted as proven in 7.3%, defined by culture positive for the fungus, 6.4% as probable by the detection of galactomannan in the Blood and presence of pulmonary infiltrates and 5.1% as possible by radiological alterations suggestive of Invasive Aspergillosis and galactomannan negative. The estimated / probable / probable Aspergillosis Invasive mortality rate was 61.3% and showed that the disease was significantly associated with the risk of death (p <0.0001). When considering the high mortality rate caused by the development of Aspergillosis Invasive and the fact that an early therapy promotes a significant improvement in the prognosis of patients, we conclude that the detection of galactomannan, performed as a follow-up of patients at high risk of developing the disease, can Be considered an effective method to aid in the identification of Invasive Aspergillosis. The second article entitled "Association between polymorphisms of genes encoding Dectin-1 and Toll-like cellular receptors and susceptibility to Invasive Aspergillosis", aimed to describe the polymorphisms in genes encoding Dectin-1 and Tolllike receptors, Seeking possible associations with the individual susceptibility to Invasive Aspergillosis. This study used as a methodological basis a systematic review of the literature and as a database to PubMed and PMC of the NCBI. The keywords used were: Invasive aspergillosis, polymorphism, Dectin-1 and Toll-like. From this search, 415 studies were found and according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria 8 studies were selected. With the accomplishment of this, it was verified that several are the studies that describe the single base polymorphisms with a greater susceptibility to the Invasive Aspergillosis. The major ones are in genes encoding Toll-like receptors and those that encode cytokines and chemokines (Dectin-1). Thus, it can be observed that, according to studies already carried out, there is a significant association of genetic polymorphisms with Aspergillosis Invasive, but more extensive studies must be performed to obtain more reliable results. In general, we conclude with this dissertation that the development of Invasive Aspergillosis is associated with several factors, one of them being genetic, and that, due to the high mortality rates caused by Invasive Aspergillosis, the detection of galactomannan is of fundamental importance for the Treatment of patients who are more likely to develop the disease, mainly aiding in the prognosis and early diagnosis of it.
A presente dissertação foi construída na modalidade de artigos científicos, sendo constituída por dois artigos. O primeiro, intitulado “Avaliação epidemiológica de pacientes submetidos ao teste de galactomanana sérica com suspeita de Aspergilose Invasiva”, teve como objetivo avaliar a incidência de Aspergilose Invasiva em pacientes com doenças hematológicas acompanhadas em um hospital de referência de Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil, e determinar os principais fatores que contribuem para o desenvolvimento da doença. Para isso, foram avaliadas 1367 amostras de 264 pacientes com doenças hematológicas malignas tratadas no Setor de Hematologia do Hospital Araújo Jorge, os quais realizaram exame de detecção de galactomanana, no período de 2013 a 2015, e foram excluídos pacientes que não possuíam dados clínicos em prontuários e com perda de seguimento no hospital. Dentre os dados alcançados por meio do presente estudo observou-se que a média de idade foi de 43,7 anos, onde 55,5% eram pertencentes ao sexo masculino. Do total de pacientes avaliados, 133 realizaram TMO, sendo que 38,9% eram do tipo autólogo e 17,9% do tipo alogênico. De acordo com a classificação para Aspergilose Invasiva conforme a European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, a doença foi interpretada como comprovada em 7,3%, definida por cultura positiva para o fungo, 6,4% como provável pela detecção de galactomanana no sangue e presença de infiltrados pulmonares e 5,1% como possível por alterações radiológicas sugestivas de Aspergilose Invasiva e galactomanana negativo. A taxa de mortalidade para Aspergilose Invasiva comprovada/provável/possível foi de 61,3% e mostrou que a doença estava significativamente associada com o risco de morte (p<0,0001). Ao considerarmos a alta taxa de mortalidade causada pelo desenvolvimento da Aspergilose Invasiva e que a realização de uma terapia precoce promove significativa melhora do prognóstico dos pacientes, concluímos que a detecção de galactomanana, realizada como acompanhamento dos pacientes com alto risco de desenvolver a doença, pode ser considerada um método eficaz para auxiliar na identificação de Aspergilose Invasiva. O segundo artigo, intitulado “Associação entre polimorfismos dos genes que codificam os receptores celulares Dectina-1 e Toll-like e susceptibilidade à Aspergilose Invasiva”, teve como objetivo descrever os polimorfismos nos genes que codificam os receptores Dectina-1 e Toll-like, buscando possíveis associações com a susceptibilidade individual à Aspergilose Invasiva. Este estudo utilizou como base metodológica uma revisão sistemática da literatura e como base de dados a PubMed e PMC do NCBI. As palavras-chaves utilizadas foram: Invasive aspergillosis, polymorphism, Dectin-1 e Toll-like. A partir desta busca, 415 estudos foram encontrados e de acordo com os critérios de inclusão e exclusão 8 estudos foram selecionados. Com a realização deste, constatou-se que vários são os estudos que descrevem os polimorfismos de base única com uma maior susceptibilidade à Aspergilose Invasiva. Os principais são em genes que codificam os receptores Toll-like e os que codificam citocinas e quimiocinas (Dectina-1). Assim, pode-se perceber que de acordo com estudos já realizados há uma associação significativa de polimorfismos genéticos com a Aspergilose Invasiva, porém estudos mais amplos devem ser realizados para se obter resultados mais fidedignos. De modo geral, concluímos com essa dissertação que o desenvolvimento da Aspergilose Invasiva está associado com diversos fatores, sendo um deles o genético, e que, devido aos altos índices de mortalidade causados pela Aspergilose Invasiva, a detecção de galactomanana é de fundamental importância para o tratamento dos pacientes que apresentam uma maior probabilidade de desenvolver a doença, auxiliando principalmente no prognóstico e diagnóstico precoce da mesma.
Xavier, Melissa Orzechowski. "Aplicações e limitações do método de detecção do antígeno galactomanana para o diagnóstico de aspergilose". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/15454.
Texto completo da fontePlatelia® Aspergillus EIA is a sandwich ELISA to the diagnostic of aspergillosis in neutropenic patients. It detects an antigen (galactomannan) from Aspergillus cell wall. Here it was evaluated the performance of this test in other susceptible hosts and the interference of potentials false-positives factors in Platelia® Aspergillus EIA. Systemic mycosis and an antimicrobial produced from molds (piperacillin-tazobactam) were tested. Four experiments were executed to study conduce. Bronchoalveolar samples from 60 lung transplant recipients from Santa Casa-Complexo Hospitalar de Porto Alegre were collected during almost two years and tested for galactomannan detection. Patients were classified in proven, probable or possible aspergillosis according to EORTC criteria, or in colonization or surveillance. Considering proven (5) and probable (6) as true positive cases, ROC curve was calculated and showed 90.9% of sensitivity and 90.6% of specificity with 1.5 as optimal cutoff. Platelia® Aspergillus EIA efficacy was also tested in captive penguins. Sera from 35 animals were included in the study, 9 with aspergillosis, 3 with malaria, 2 with cachexia and 21 healthy. Samples were tested by double immunodiffusion and sandwich ELISA, resulting in sensitivity values of 33% and 100% and specificity of 96% and 0, respectively. Cross reaction in Platelia® Aspergillus EIA was evaluated with 120 serum samples of patients with paracocciddioidomicosis, histoplasmosis, criptococosis due to Cryptococcus neoformans and criptococosis due to C. gattii. False-positive results were observed in all mycosis, with rates of 50%, 67%, 66% and 36,6%, respectively. In addition, 5 piperacillin-tazobactam batches were tested, in a concentration of clinical use (45mg/ml), to evaluate it interference in Platelia® Aspergillus EIA. Those, only one showed positive value, and had been retest after serial dilutions until plasmatic concentration, resulting in value lower than 0.5, negative. In conclusion, with a higher cut-off than the indicated from the manufacturer, the efficacy of bronchoalveolar samples tested in Platelia® Aspergillus EIA for the diagnostic of aspergillosis in lung transplant recipients was proved. Controversially, in penguins, the test specificity was zero, showing non applicability as a diagnostic method for aspergillosis in this group of risk. Interference in Platelia® Aspergillus EIA due to other systemic mycoses shows the necessity to interpret a positive result after the evaluation of patient epidemiologic context. Finally, piperacillin-tazobactam available in the Brazilian market did not correspond to false-positive results in Platelia® Aspergillus EIA. However, given that variability occurs between distinct batches, still is indicating to collect samples for galactomannan detection before the next administration of the drug.
Teixeira, Fábio dos Santos. "Ocorrência de Aspergilose pulmonar em cães com sintomatologia respiratória atendidos no HCV- UFRGS, Porto Alegre". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/49698.
Texto completo da fonteFungal pneumonia is a deeply lung infection caused by fungal agents of the genus Aspergillus, including A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. flavus and A. terreus. They are found most commonly in decaying organic matter. Their fungal propagules are present in dust and air, which favors the inhalation, the main entrance of the agent in the body. They produce large amounts of conidia with less than 8 μ, so that, when inhaled, reaching the pulmonary bed. It is the considered the most common kind genus on our planet and A. fumigatus is the most often reported species in tissue invasion. In animals and humans, a healthy immune and respiratory systems is sufficient to remove the seedlings of the airways, preventing colonization. Diseases and immunosuppressive drugs have been described as predisposing factors of pulmonary fungal infection, considered opportunistic. It is considered rare in dogs. Clinical symptoms are varied, but a persistent cough and no cessation of symptoms with the use of antimicrobials are data for suspected fungal pneumonia. In the radiological examination of the lungs, several images have been described, and the most described is a generalized miliary nodular interstitial pattern, but it is not a pathognomonic image. This work aimed to verify the occurrence of pulmonary aspergillosis in dogs with respiratory symptoms examined at the Veterinary Clinical Hospital of Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (HCVUFRGS), located in Porto Alegre city, in Brasil. The sampling was composed of 46 dogs in which biopsy was performed by fine needle aspiration (FNAC) in both lungs, blood sampling and radiological examination of the chest. The material obtained from a puncture was homogenized with Sabouraud dextrose liquid. Part of this homogenate was seeded on malt agar for Aspergillus spp. and taken directly on slides and stained with “Grocott”. The other party was seeded in various culture media to bacteriological examination. The material obtained in another puncture was performed cytopathological examination with “Panótico” coloring. Serum obtained from blood collected was performed for serology to A. fumigatus, A. flavus and A. niger. The results of mycological examination, cytology, bacteriology and serology examinations were negative for all samples tested. In the absence of positive tests, it was not possible to correlate fungal pneumonia with radiological images obtained from the lungs of the 46 dogs radiographed. Most dogs live in open areas in contact with organic matter where the fungus is usually found. Tests to detect fungi should be analyzed with caution, because a positive result in a single test does not confirm the presence of infection, since the agent can be present normally in the upper respiratory tract of dogs.
Aquino, Valério Rodrigues. "Aspergilose invasiva em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica internados em unidade de terapia intensiva". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/37498.
Texto completo da fonteRecent data have suggested that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may be an important risk factor for invasive aspergillosis (IA), particularly in the context of mechanical ventilation (MV) and therapy with corticosteroids. Here we present the results of a prospective multicentric study (2009-2010) conducted in three intensive care units (ICUs) in Southern Brazil. COPD patients on steroids showing a new lung infiltrate while on mechanical ventilation were included and the following tests were performed in respiratory samples (mostly tracheal aspirates): microscopy, quantitative fungal culture, galactomannan (GM) (Platelia Aspergillus EIA) and real-time PCR to detect Aspergillus DNA. DNA was extracted using MycXtra kit (Myconostica, UK) and amplification was performed using two q-PCR commercial kits: Aspergillus spp q-PCR Alert kit (Nanogen, Italy) and MycAssayTM Aspergillus kit (Myconostica, UK). Serum was also obtained and tested for Aspergillus precipitins, GM and total IgE levels. Ethical approval was obtained in each of the participant hospitals. A total of 47 patients were enrolled in the study (male 59.6%). Mean age was 68.6 years-old (± 9.9). Most patients had severe COPD (GOLD stages III/IV in 72.8%). Steroid dosage (prednisone equivalent) ranged from 100-4125 mg (median 900 mg). Microscopy and culture were positive for Aspergillus section Fumigatti in only 2 patients (4.2%). Other fungi included H. capsulatum (n=1) and S. apiospermum (n=1). Aspergillus precipitins were positive for three patients, at low titers (<1:2). IgE levels ranged from 2 to >3,000 IU/ml (median 74 IU/ml). All serum GM indexes were <0.5 and respiratory samples, GM indexes of >0.5, >1.0 and >1.5 were observed in 74.5%, 40.5%, and 21.3%, respectively. Myconostica PCR was positive in 10 patients, while Nanogen PCR detected only one patient. Overall mortality was 53.2%. This prospective multicenter study showed a low incidence (4.2%) of IA in critically ill patients with COPD. High optical indices were observed when GM was tested in respiratory samples (50% of the results showed indices of >1.3). Therefore, the test did not discriminate IA and a a higher cutoff would be needed to exclude false-positive results. The combination of PCR and GM for the diagnosis of IA in respiratory samples deserves further investigation due to the low diagnostic sensitivity of the classical mycology methods.
Dorneles, Andreia Spanamberg. "Aspergilose em frango de corte: diagnóstico, identificação e caracterização da diversidade genética de Aspergillus fumigatus". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/97006.
Texto completo da fonteAspergillosis is one of the main causes of mortality in both immunocompetent and immunodepressed birds. The clinical manifestation of acute aspergillosis is usually observed in young birds, often with episodes of outbreaks in poultry farms, whereas chronic aspergillosis is more frequently observed in adult birds. The inspection of carcasses is fundamental for the detection of diseases and for monitoring their prevalence. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the occurrence of aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus fumigatus in poultry through mycological and histopathological diagnosis and to verify the possibility of a causal association between the criteria for aspergillosis diagnosis and carcass condemnation due to airsacculitis in broilers through a case-control study. The study was made with 380 lung samples. Lungs were collected from condemned (95) and not condemned (285) broilers due to airsacculitis, directly from the slaughter line of a slaughterhouse. Forty-six (12%) lung samples were positives in mycological culture. From the total samples, 177 (46.6%) showed histopathological alterations, the most frequent being necrotic, fibrinous, heterophilic pneumonia, heterophilic pneumonia and lymphoid hyperplasia. Of the 380 lungs analyzed, 30 (65.2%) showed histopathological alterations and isolation of fungi. The relation between the presence of histopathological lesions and the isolation of A. fumigatus, as observed with the McNemar test, indicated the significant association between the presence of histopathological alterations and the isolation of A. fumigatus.The molecular identification was made in 44 isolates, and all of them were confirmed to be A. fumigatus through analysis of the b-tub and rodA. The mycological cultivation and the histopathological test increase the chances of detecting pulmonary alterations in birds condemned by the Final Inspection System than in normal birds, suggesting that such diagnostic criteria are efficient to improve the assessment and condemnation of birds affected by airsacculitis. There were different genetic profiles among the isolates, which shows that isolates obtained from normal birds can potentially cause aspergillosis in those susceptible.
Gazzoni, Fernando Ferreira. "Achados na tomografia computadorizada de alta resolução da aspergilose pulmonar em pacientes transplantados de pulmão". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/107047.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of this study was to assess high-resolution computed tomographic (HRCT) findings at presentation in lung transplant patients diagnosed with pulmonary Aspergillus infection. We retrospectively reviewed HRCT findings from 23 patients diagnosed with pulmonary aspergillosis. Imaging studies were performed 2–5 days after the onset of symptoms. The patient sample comprised 12 men and 11 women aged 22–59 years (mean age, 43.6 years). All patients had dyspnea, tachypnea, and cough. Diagnoses were established with Platelia Aspergillus enzyme immunoassays for galactomannan antigen detection in bronchoalveolar lavage and recovery of symptoms, and HRCT findings after voriconazole treatment. The HRCT scans were reviewed independently by two observers who reached a consensus decision. The main HRCT pattern, found in 65% (n = 15) of patients, was centrilobular tree-in-bud nodules associated with bronchial thickening. This pattern was described in association with areas of consolidation and ground-glass opacities in 13% (n = 3) of patients. Consolidation and ground-glass opacities were the main pattern in 22% (n = 5) of patients. The pattern of large nodules with and without the halo sign was observed in 13% (n = 3) of patients, and were associated with consolidation and ground-glass opacities in one case. In conclusion, the predominant HRCT findings in lung transplant patients with pulmonary aspergillosis were bilateral bronchial wall thickening and centrilobular opacities with the tree-in-bud pattern. Ground-glass opacities and/or bilateral areas of consolidation were also common findings. Pulmonary nodules with the halo sign were found in only 13% of patients.
Moscoso, Irma de Lourdes. "Produção de enzimas extracelulares em haploides, heterocarios e diploides de aspergillus nidulans". [s.n.], 1987. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317418.
Texto completo da fonteDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Linhagens haplóides, bem como heterocários e diplóides do fungo Aspergillus nidulans foram analisados quanto à produção das enzimas extracelulares lipase, amilase, protease, fosfatase e urease. Foram utilizados três linhagens normais e oito mutantes morfológicos, além de diferentes combinações entre ambos. Os ensaios foram efetuados em meios de cultura sólidos, contendo cada qual, um substrato especifico. As linhagens morfológicas do tipo compacto foram também analisadas microscopicamente, e comparadas às demais, previamente descritas. Pelos resultados obtidos, foi constatado que as colônias de crescimento reduzido em um ou mais meios de cultura foram sempre as mais alteradas também no aspecto enzimático, bem corno no microscópico. As compactas B-VIII e B-6, bem corno os heterocários pp+M-32 e pp+M-35, destacaram-se por apresentar a maior produção de lipase, amilase, protease, enquanto que outras linhagens e heterocários mostraram maior produção em relação a apenas uma ou outra dessas enzimas. A linhagem compacta pp-6 constituiu uma exceção, já que não apresentou produção de protease, embora o heterocário MSE + pp-6 tenha produzido o mais alto nível de atividade dessa mesma enzima. Para fosfatase e urease ocorreu o inverso, isto é, as colônias de menores dimensões apresentaram evidências de menor atividade enzimática. Quanto aos diplóides, houve restauração do fenótipo enzimático original bm ou pp em todos os casos. As alterações aqui descritas foram discutidas, considerando-se a possibilidade de problemas de permeabilidade nos mutantes morfológicos utilizados
Abstract: The production of extracellular enzynes such as lipase, amylase, protease, phosphatase and urease by haploids, heterocaryons and diploids of A. nidulans were analysed. Three normal strains, eight morphological mutants and differents combinations among them were utilized. The enzymatic test were carried out using solid culture medium containing specific substrate for each enzyme under assay. The results shwed that slow growing colonies in one or more culture medium showed also more alterations in the enzyme production. In general compact colonies (B-VIII and B-6) and some heterocaryons (pp+M-32 and pp+M-35) showed higher production of lipase, amylase and protease. For specific enzymes there are others strains and heterocaryons that must be considered. The strain pp-6 was a special compact strain showing no activity of protease at all; however in the heterocaryon MSE + pp-6 there was a strong interaction producing the highest level of protease activity. For phosphatase and urease the results were quite different, the smaller colonies having lower enzymatic activity. There were no differences in the diploids and the level of enzymes production returned to the respective original strain bm ou pp. All the alterations described, specially in haploids and heterocaryons were discussed considering permeability problems in the morphological mutants
Mestrado
Genetica
Mestre em Ciências Biológicas
Costa, Jorge Alberto Vieira. "Estudo da produção de amiloglicosidase por Aspergillus Niger NRRL 3122 em fermentação semi solida de farelo de arroz". [s.n.], 1996. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255445.
Texto completo da fonteTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: Estudou-se a Fermentação Semi-Sólida (SSF) do farelo de arroz para a produção de amiloglicosidase (E. C. 3.2.1. 3) por Aspergillus niger NRRL 3122. O trabalho foi dividido em 4 fases: otimização dos parâmetros físico-químicos; SSF em reatores de coluna; caracterização cinética da enzima; determinação da condutividade térmica do farelo fermentado. Na primeira etapa utilizou-se a estratégia de Planejamento Experimental para a otimização e modelagem das 6 variáveis escolhidas: temperatura e tempo de fermentação, umidade do meio, concentração de inerte no meio, concentração de esporos e tempo de esterilização. Os experimentos foram desenvolvidos em embalagens flexíveis de polipropileno, e a metodologia consistiu em realizar um Planejamento Fatorial Fracionário, um Caminho de Ascendência Máxima e dois Planejamentos Compostos Centrais. Os tempos de fermentação e esterilização foram as variáveis mais importantes, e os modelos matemáticos obtidos apresentam um nível de confiança acima de 95%. Os melhores valores encontrados para a atividade enzimática do farelo fúngico não purificado estão acima de 800 IU/g farelo. Para os fermentadores de coluna com leito fixo determinou-se o efeito da aeração sobre a produção da enzima, utilizando-se vazões de O a 150 mlar/h/gmeio. Os valores máximos para a atividade do farelo foram de 1700 IU/gfarelo, sendo o valor de 60 mlar/h/ gmeio adotado como suficiente para uma boa oxigenação do meio e ótimo para a produção da enzima. Variações na densidade aparente do meio entre 586 e 858 g/l não mostraram influência sobre a atividade enzimática e a produtividade. Os perfis e gradientes de temperatura levantados para estes reatores mostraram o mecanismo de condução radial como o maior responsável pela remoção do calor metabólico gerado. A condutividade térmica do meio semi-sólido fermentado foi descrita pelo seguinte modelo: k = 47,5080 + 0,0115*dap + 0,1295*U - 6,0737*ln(dap) - 5,5555*ln(U). Os ensaios cinéticos indicaram o valor 2,30:1: 0,39 g/l para a Constante de Michaelis-Menten e máxima atividade enzimática a 55°C e pH 4,6. Nos testes de estabilidade o pH 4,4 se mostrou o mais indicado. O valor calculado para a energia de desativação enzimática foi de 31,98 Kcal/gmol, e a expressão encontrada para a constante de desativação térmica, a seguinte: Kd (h-I) = 8,04 78x1020 . e -16153/T
Abstract: This is an experimental study of solid-state fermentation(SSF) of rice bran to produce amyloglucosidase (E.C. 3.2.1.3.) by Aspergillus niger NRRL 3122. The research was conducted in 4 phases: optimization of physico-chemical parameters; SSF in fixed-bed column reactors; characterization of enzyme kinetics; determination of thermal conductivity. An experimental design strategy was employed for optimization and modelling of 6 variables: fermentation time, fermentation temperature, moisture, inert concentration, spore concentration and sterilization time. Experiments were conducted in flexible packs of polypropylene. The methodology involved the development of a Fractional Factorial Design, a Steepest Ascent Path and two Central Composite Designs. The most significant parameters were found to be the fermentation and sterilization times. The mathematical models presented a significance level of over 95%. The greatest values for the enzyme activity of non-purified mouldy bran were above 800 IU / gbran. The influence of aeration on enzyme production was determined for the packed-bed column fermenter, using flow rates of O to 150 mlair/h/gmedium. Highest values of enzyme activity were 1700IU/gbran and 60 mlair/h/gmedium. Fixed beds packed with 586 and 858 g/l did not influence on enzymatic activity or productivity. Temperature measurements within the bed showed a radial conduction mechanism as mainly responsible for dissipation of the metabolic heat generated. The thermal conductivity of the mouldy bran was represented by the model: k =47,5080 + 0,0115*dap+0,1295*U-6,0737*ln(dap) - 5, 5555*ln (U). Kinetcs experiments revelaled a Michaelis-Menten constant of 2,30 ~ 0,39 g/l, and maximum enzyme activity at 55°C and pH 4,6. Better stability was attained with pH 4,4. The deactivation energy was calculated to be 31,98 Kcal/gmol, and an equation was established for the thermal deactivation constant : Kd(h-1) = 8,0478 X 1020 e-16153/T
Doutorado
Doutor em Engenharia de Alimentos
Baracho, Marta dos Santos 1967. "Analise da instabilidade de fungos por meio da estatistica circular". [s.n.], 1994. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316865.
Texto completo da fonteDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Mestrado
Genetica
Mestre em Ciências Biológicas
OLIVEIRA, Heloiza Maria da Silva. "Perfil enzimático de fungos colonizadores e agentes de pneumopatias". Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2011. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/26969.
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Infecções fúngicas em imunossuprimidos aumentaram significativamente nas últimas décadas, sendo uma das principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade. Fatores de virulência, como produção de enzimas pelos agentes infecciosos, contribui no dano causado aos pacientes. Neste contexto, os objetivos deste trabalho foram detectar, isolar e identificar fungos em amostras clínicas, principalmente das vias respiratórias, de pacientes com pneumopatias crônicas, internos no Setor de Pneumologia do Hospital Geral Otávio de Freitas – PE e caracterizar os agentes quanto à patogenicidade. Foram realizadas coletas em 137 pacientes, sendo obtidas 327 (92,2%) amostras de escarro, 20 (5,6%) de lavado bronco-alveolar, quatro (1,1%) de secreção da cavidade oral e quatro (1,1%) de fragmentos de tecido pulmonar. Em 10 pacientes (7,29%), foi diagnosticada aspergilose pulmonar, em quatro, (2,9%) colonização causada por espécies de Candida e Geotrichum clavatum, em três (2,1%), colonização por leveduras associada à candidíase oral, em um, (0,7%) feohifomicose pulmonar e em um (0,7%), candidíase oral. Foram obtidos 21 isolados, sendo oito (38,09%) de Aspergillus fumigatus, um (4,76%) de A. flavus, oito (38,09%) de C. albicans, dois (9,54%) de C. tropicalis, um (4,76%) de G. clavatum e um fungo filamentoso demáceo, Cladophialophora devriesii (4,76%). As culturas apresentaram diferentes perfis em relação a capacidade elastinolítica, proteolítica e fosfolipásica, não permitindo estabelecer relação entre os danos ao hospedeiro e a detecção enzimática. O diagnóstico diferencial precoce e preciso é imprescindível para terapêutica adequada e bom prognóstico do paciente.
Opportunistic fungal infections have increased significantly in recent decades, and it is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Virulence factors, such as enzyme production, contributes to the damage caused to patients. In this context, the objectives were to detect, isolate and identify the fungi occurring in clinical samples, mainly respiratory tract of patients with chronic respiratory disorders, inmates in Pneumology sector of the Hospital Geral Otávio de Freitas - PE and to characterize them in respect to pathogenicity. From the 137 patients collected, 327 (92.2%) were obtained by sputum samples, 20 (5.6%) from bronchoalveolar lavage, four (1.1%) from secretion of the oral cavity and four (1, 1%) from of fragments of lung tissue. In 10 patients (7.29%), it was diagnosed pulmonary aspergillosis, in four patients (2.9%) presented a yeast colonization caused by Candida species and Geotrichum clavatum, three patients (2.1%) presented colonization by yeasts associated with oral candidiasis, one (0.7%) had pulmonary phaeohyphomycosis and one (0.7%), oral candidiasis. From 21 isolates obtained, eight (38.09%) were identified as Aspergillus fumigatus, one (4.76%) isolate as A. flavus, eight (38.09%) as C. albicans, two (9.54%) as C. tropicalis, one (4.76%) G. clavatum and a dematiaceous filamentous fungus, Cladophialophora devriesii (4.76%). The cultures presented different profiles in relation to their capacities to produce elastinolytic, proteolytic and phospholipolytic enzymes, which did not albw to establish a correlation between the host damage and enzymatic detection. The early and accurate differential diagnosis is imperative for appropriate therapy and prognosis for the patients.
SILVA, FILHO Rodolfo Pinho da. "Avaliação epidemiológica da aspergilose em pinguins-de-Magalhães no Centro de Recuperação de Animais Marinhos FURG". Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2012. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2474.
Texto completo da fonteThe Centro de Recuperação de Animais Marinhos (CRAM-FURG) is a rehabilitation center that works essentially with debilitated Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus), aiming to rehabilitate and release them to their natural habitat. However, several of the received penguins develop aspergillosis, an opportunistic fungal disease frequently responsible for the death of captive birds, often in association with the stress experienced by these animals in captivity. This study aimed to examine a six-year period for cases of aspergillosis in Magellanic penguins undergoing rehabilitation at CRAMFURG. For that purpose, a retrospective cohort study was conducted using the institution s records of Magellanic penguins received from January 2004 to December 2009. Animals were classified in two groups: the case group included animals that died from aspergillosis, the control group included animals that survived and were released or those that died from conditions unassociated with aspergillosis. Variables examined as potential risk factors were age group, gender, oil fouling, precedence, prophylactic administration of itraconazole, time in captivity until death or release, body mass, and hematological parameters such as hematocrit and total plasmatic proteins. During this period, the institution received 366 Magellanic penguins, of which 39 were excluded from the analyses due to the insufficiency of data on their cause of death, thus 327 animals were studied. During the studied period, 66 penguins died of aspergillosis. Aspergillus fumigatus was the most frequent etiological agent (98.5%). Relative mortality by aspergillosis was 48.5% during the examined period, and the density of incidence was 7.3 lethal aspergillosis cases per 100 penguins-month. Approximately 75% of the aspergillosis cases occurred in animals received through transfers from other rehabilitation centers, and this was considered a significant risk factor for the disease, with a relative risk of greater than 3.0. Significant differences were also observed between the case and control groups in regards to their time in captivity until death, their hematocrit and total plasmatic proteins upon admission to the center, and their body mass change during the period in captivity. The findings demonstrate the negative impacts of aspergillosis on the rehabilitation of Magellanic penguins, with a high density of incidence and important mortality of these animals.
O Centro de Recuperação de Animais Marinhos (CRAM-FURG) trabalha essencialmente com pinguins-de-Magalhães (Spheniscus magellanicus) debilitados, com a intenção de reabilita-los e devolvê-los ao seu habitat natural. No entanto, muitos exemplares recebidos acabam desenvolvendo aspergilose, uma doença fúngica oportunista frequentemente responsável pela morte de aves em cativeiro, associada ao estresse sofrido por estes animais. Neste sentido, este trabalho objetivou realizar um levantamento epidemiológico de seis anos da aspergilose em pinguins-de-Magalhães em reabilitação no CRAM-FURG. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo de coorte retrospectivo a partir de informações coletadas do banco de dados do CRAM-FURG referentes aos pinguins recebidos no período de janeiro de 2004 a dezembro de 2009. Os animais foram classificados em dois grupos, sendo o grupo caso referente a pinguins que morreram por aspergilose, e o grupo controle aquele composto por animais que foram liberados ou morreram por outras causas. As variáveis analisadas quanto a fator de risco foram idade, sexo, petrolização, procedência, uso de itraconazol profilático, tempo de cativeiro, peso corpóreo e parâmetros sanguíneos como hematócrito e proteínas plasmáticas totais. Durante esse período o Centro recebeu 366 pinguins de Magalhães, dos quais 39 foram excluídos do estudo por não apresentarem dados disponíveis no banco de dados sobre sua causa mortis, resultando num total de 327 animais. Durante o período estudado, 66 pinguins morreram por aspergilose, sendo Aspergillus fumigatus o principal agente etiológico encontrado, com 98,5% dos casos. A mortalidade proporcional por aspergilose foi de 48,5% no período de seis anos de estudo, e a densidade de incidência encontrada foi de 7,3 casos de aspergilose/100 pinguinsmês. Aproximadamente 75% dos casos de aspergilose ocorreram em animais procedentes de outros Centros de reabilitação, sendo este considerado um fator de risco para a doença, com risco relativo maior que 3,0. Também foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos caso e controle em relação ao tempo de cativeiro, valores de hematócrito e proteínas plasmáticas totais na chegada ao Centro, e ganho de peso durante o período de cativeiro. Os achados deste estudo demonstram a interferência negativa da aspergilose na reabilitação de pinguins-de-Magalhães, com alta densidade de incidência, e responsável por importante mortalidade destes animais.
Angelo, Raquel Simões. "Xilanases de aspergillus SP 2M1 : produção, caracterização e aplicação no branqueamento de polpas kraft". [s.n.], 1995. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/248883.
Texto completo da fonteDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Mestrado
Cruz, Vinicius D'Arcadia. "Produção biotecnologica de metilcetonas por Aspergillus sp. e caracterizção do processo fermentativo". [s.n.], 2001. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256684.
Texto completo da fonteDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: As lipases são dotadas de ação hidrolítica sobre óleos e gorduras, produzindo ácidos graxos, glicerol, monoglicerídeos e/ou diglicerídeos. Além disso, lipases produzidas por Penicillium roqueforti, Penicillium camemberti e Geotrichum candidum contribuem para a produção de aroma e sabor característicos em queijos do tipo "Blue Cheese", os quais são desenvolvidos, principalmente, pela presença de metilcetonas. Nos últimos tempos, alguns autores vêm discutindo a possibilidade do emprego de algumas espécies de Aspergillus na produção de concentrados destes compostos, para utilização em produtos alimentícios com aroma de "Blue Cheese". Este trabalho teve como objetivo otimizar a produção de metilcetonas utilizando lipase extracelular de Aspergillus sp. pré selecionada. Para produção da lipase utilizou-se um meio de cultivo com farelo de trigo e as melhores condições para esta produção foram 60% de umidade após 120 horas de incubação a 35°C. Como substratos foram testados creme de leite de vaca, creme de leite de cabra e gordura de coco sendo que, apenas o úWmo foi considerado adequado devido ao seu conteúdo de ácido láurico (C-12:0) pelo qual a lipase utilizada mostrou afinidade. Neste substrato, a maior produção de metilcetonas totais foi 4,43 mg/g, obtida em pH 5,0 após 48 horas de incubação a 30°C. Nestas condições a metilcetona produzida em maior quantidade foi a 2-heptanona equivalendo a 3,98 mg/g de óleo de coco. Este pode ser considerado um bom resultado com potencialidade para aplicação industrial
Abstract: Lipases are able to hydrolyse oi! and fats, producing fat acids, glicerol, monoglicerides and/or diglicerides. Besides, lipases from Penicillium roqueforti, Penicillium camembertiand Geotrichumcandidum contribute to the aroma and characteristic flavor production of the "blue cheese" that are developed, mainly, by the methyl ketones presence. Lately some authors have been discussing the possibility of employementof some Aspergillus strains in the production of concentrated of these compounds for obtaining of nutritious products containing "blue cheese" aroma.The aim of this work was to optimize the methyl ketones productionby a Aspergillussp strain, previouslyselected as extracellular lipase producer. For lipase roduction,wheat bran was utilized as culture medium and the best conditionswere found with 60% of humidity, after 120 h of incubation, at 35°C. For methyl ketone synthesis cow and goat cream milk and coconut fat were tested as substract and only the latter was considered appropriated due to its lauric acid (C-12:0) with which fhe used lipase showed affinity. In this substrate, the largest total methyl ketones productionwas 4,43 mg/g, obtained in pH 5,0, after 48 h of incubation, at 30°C. In that condition, 2-heptanonewas the principal methyl ketone produced rising to 3.98 mg/g of coconut oi!. This can be considered a good result with potentialityfor industrialapplication
Mestrado
Mestre em Ciência de Alimentos
Castro, Maria Fernanda Penteado Moretzsohn de. "Efeitos da fosfina no crescimento de Aspergillus flavus Link e na produção de aflatoxinas em milho (Zea mays, L.) armazenado com elevados teores de umidade". [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255123.
Texto completo da fonteTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: As condições de clima tropical que prevalecem durante a maior parte doano em nosso país, favorecem o crescimento de fungos e produção de micotoxinas, principalmente quando o produto recém-colhido permanece com elevado teor de umidade aguardando a sua secagem. Essa situação (produto úmido) pode ocorrer quando a safra coincide com períodos chuvosos do ano, dificultando ou mesmo impedindo a secagem natural no campo. A infra-estrutura para secagem artificial dos grãos muitas vezes é inexistente ou aquém da necessária. O crescimento fúngico também pode ocorrer quando os grãos são reumidecidos durante o armazenamento ou o transporte em navios para exportação. O milho é o principal cereal cultivado em nosso país, tendo alcançado uma produção média de 35 milhões de toneladas nas safras de 2001/2002 (CaNAS, 2002) e aquele que no mundo, tem apresentado maiores problemas com micotoxinas. Dentre essas, merecem destaque as aflatoxinas, devido à sua elevada toxicidade e potencial carcinogênico e porque as principais espécies produtoras dessas micotoxinas (Aspergillus fIavus e Aspergillus parasiticus) estão adaptadas e ocorrem com freqüência em nossas condições climáticas. A fosfina, fumigante largamente utilizado no controle de insetos de grãos armazenados, tem se apresentado como uma alternativa promissora para o controle de fungos e micotoxinas em grãos com elevado teor de umidade. Apresenta ainda como vantagens a sua facilidade de aplicação, disponibilidade comercial e o fato de praticamente não deixar resíduos no produto. ... Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital.
Abstract: The tropical weather conditions that prevail during most part of the year inour country favour fungal growth and the production of mycotoxins, mainly whenthe freshly harvested com is kept at high moisture content while waiting for drying.This situation (wet product), can occur when the harvest season coincides with therainy season of the year, making it difficult to achieve natural drying in the field.The infra-structure for the artificial drying of the grains either does not exist or thecapacity is insufficient to meet the demandoFungal growth can also occur when thegrains are re-wetted during storage or transported by ship for exporting.Com is the main cereal grown in our country. The production in the2001/2002 harvest was 35 millions tons and this crop has shown the biggestproblems with mycotoxins globally. Among mycotoxins, the aflatoxins requireattention, due to their high toxigenicity and carcinogenic potential and also becausethe main aflatoxin-producing species (Aspergilllus fIavus and Aspergillus parasiticus) are adapted to and occur frequent/y in our climatic conditions. Phosphine, a fumigant widely applied for insect control in stored grain,. has been shown to be an altemative for controlling fungi and mycotoxin production in grains with high moisture content. It also has the advantage of easy application, commercial availability and that it leaves no significant chemical residue in the grain. The main objective of the present study was to verify the effects of phosphine on the growth of Aspergillus flavus and on aflatoxin production in com stored at high moisture content. For this study, samples were previously inoculated with an Aspergillus flavus toxigenic strain. The concomitant effect of water activities from 0.85 to 0.98 (equivalent to moisture content of 15.3% and 24.5%, w.b.), concentrations from O to 4g m-3 and exposure times from 1 to 15 days to the fumigant was verified by the Surface Response Methodology. Moisture content, water activity, mycological, ergosterol, aflatoxins and phosphine residue analyses were carried out in the samples submitted to the different treatments. ... Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations.
Doutorado
Doutor em Tecnologia de Alimentos
Mohovic, Juçara Zulli. "Análogos de Asp f 1 (alfa-sarcina, mitogilina e restrictocina) no diagnóstico e estadiamento da aspergilose broncopulmonar alérgica". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5146/tde-24062008-153750/.
Texto completo da fonteAllergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA) is a complex disease, triggered by a hypersensitivity reaction to Aspergillus fumigatus. The disease diagnosis is difficult, and a major problem is the lack of standardized allergens for the determination of specific antibodies. The aim of the present study is to evaluate if intradermal (ID) tests with analogs of Asp f 1 can aid in the diagnosis and stage assessment of abpa. Three groups of patients classified by serological tests were obtained. 20 ABPA (16BQ+; 4BQ-), 25 possible-ABPA (14BQ+; 11BQ-), 24 asthmatic-ABPAfree (11BQ+; 13BQ-) and 10 asthma-free people were submitted to id tests with three antigens: mitogillin, a-sarcin and restrictocin. There was intense reaction to all three antigens and the response was similar. The positive reactions to mitogillin were biopsied. The skin biopsies of two (12,5%) bq+ patients of the first group and 5 BQ+ (35,6%) patients of the second one showed vasculitis by immune complexes (IC) deposition. 11 patients of the third group had negative biopsies. The fourth group didn\'t have late-reaction. All patients with positive reaction were BQ+. By ID test, alfa-sarcin, mitogillin and restrictocin could differentiate patients with abpa and can be applicable in disease diagnosis. The higher incidence of bronchiectasis was found in the first (80%) and second (56%) groups. In the third group, IC wasn\'t found in 23 asthma patients and id test was positive to A. fumigatus. All patients with vasculitis by IC had bronchiectasis. Therefore, the results indicate that this kind of pulmonary lesion is caused by vasculitis.
Batista, Marjorie Vieira. "Aspergilose invasiva em pacientes imunodeprimidos: comparação entre as provas de galactomanana, 1,3 betaD-glucana, dados tomográficos e desfecho clínico". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5134/tde-18062015-105032/.
Texto completo da fonteInvasive aspergillosis (IA) has become the leading infectious cause of death in immunocompromised hosts, particularly in subjects under SCTH and hematologic neoplasias. Objectives: General: To compare the performance of GM and BG tests in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) and computer tomography (CT) scans in the diagnosis of IA in immunocompromised hosts as well as their role in the patient outcome. Specific: 1. To analyse the sensitivity and specificity of Galactomannan and 1,3 betaD-glucan assays in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage. 2. To compare the results of Galactomannan and 1,3betaD-glucan assays with CT scans in patients with invasive aspergilosis. 3. To analyse the relationship between the evolution of galactomannan levels and clinical outcome (death or survival). Patients, Materials and Methods: From December 2008 to March 2013, a prospective cohort of 398 patients from several wards of immunocompromised patients of Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, University of São Paulo was included classified in two groups of patients: 202 (51%) with invasive aspergillosis (IA) and 198 (49%) control patients. Results: Considering 202 cases, 18(8.8%) were subjects with proven, 28(13.7%) with probable aspergillosis and 156(77.5%), with possible aspergillosis, according to 2002 EORTC/MSG (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group) criteria. The most common underlying disease were: HSCT (42.7%), hematologic malignancy (37%), SOT (9%), or other diseases (11.3%). The main risk factors associated with IA were neutropenia, monocytopenia, patients under corticosterois, presence of CMV disease, and rejection or graft versus host disease. The risk factor associated with death was the presence of invasive aspergillosis. Good performances for serum and BAL GM were registered with lower cutoffs in the present workin relationship to those found in the literature. The best cutoff for proven + probable aspergillosis for serum GM was observed at 0.35 vallue with Sensitivity-S, Specificity-Sp, Positive Predictive value-PPV), Negative Predictive Value-NPV) and AUC of 54.4%, 73.4%, 50.8%, 76.2% and 0.64; the values for proven aspergillosis alone were higher for S, Sp and NPV. On BAL tests for GM (cutoff value of 0.65) in proven+probable aspergillosis we observed 58.3%, 92.6%, 87.5%,71.4%, 0.75, respectively as S-Sp-PPV-NPVAUC; the sensitivity and VPN were higher in proven aspergillosis alone. In this work, the best performance in proven+probable aspergillosis for serum BDG showed 100 pg/ML as cutoff value, with 54.5%, 73.4%, 50.8%,76.2%, 0.64 for S-Sp-PPVNPV- AUC, respectively. For BAL- BDG, the cut off for proven+probable aspergillosis was 140 pg/mL, and we observed 46.7%, 76.7%, 70.0%, 55.,6%, 0.62, respectively for for S-Sp-PPV-NPV-AUC. Conclusion: The serum and BAL GM are useful tests for diagnosis in early stages of angioinvasive form at lower cutoffs; BAL GM is more sensitive. Agreement proportion between CT scan and each biomarker in the serum or BAL ranged from 0.5-0.6, with low ? index. Perfect ? statistic was observed for analysis of CT scan of subjects in proven aspergillosis by two independent radiologists, blinded for diagnosis. Persistence of serum GM was associated to death in relationship with its negativation. BDG test showed low performance in this work, where systemic and endemic diseases were included
Melo, Aryse Martins. "Curva de parâmetros sanguíneos e de peso em (Spheniscus magellanicus) (Foster, 1781) pinguins de Magalhães com aspergilose durante reabilitação". Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2015. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/3373.
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Parâmetros sanguíneos básicos e peso corpóreo são rotineiramente utilizados para monitoramento do estado geral de Pinguins-de-Magalhães em reabilitação, sendo inclusive considerados critérios para liberação de acordo com protocolos estabelecidos. No entanto, estudos mostrando o perfil de variação destes parâmetros durante o desenvolvimento da aspergilose nestes animais não são conhecidos. Neste sentido, este trabalho objetivou determinar curva de peso, de hematócrito (Ht) e de proteínas plasmáticas totais (PPT) em pinguins com aspergilose. O estudo do tipo caso-controle retrospectivo foi realizado com pinguins em reabilitação no Centro de Recuperação de Animais Marinhos, (CRAM-FURG) em Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, os quais foram classificados em dois grupos, sendo o grupo caso composto por pinguins com aspergilose, confirmada post mortem a partir de achados necroscópicos associados ao cultivo microbiológico e a histopatologia, e o grupo controle composto por pinguins sadios, que foram liberados. Para a determinação das curvas, foram coletados dados de nove amostras sequenciais, realizadas em média a cada sete dias, durante um período máximo de 81 dias, sendo estes submetidos a análise de variância (ANOVA) com teste post-hoc de Bonferroni. Ao todo, 140 animais foram estudados (50% casos e 50% controles). Pinguins com aspergilose diferiram significativamente do grupo controle em todos os parâmetros analisados. O peso médio, na primeira coleta foi de 2.747g no grupo caso e 2.875g no grupo controle. Os animais com aspergilose apresentaram média de peso menor que animais liberados ao longo de toda a reabilitação. O ganho de peso dos animais com aspergilose ocorreu somente nas três primeiras coletas, com estabilização ou perda de peso nas coletas posteriores, até seu desfecho. Em relação ao hematócrito (Ht) o valor médio na primeira coleta, foi de 38% e 44% nos grupos caso e controle, respectivamente. No grupo de pinguins com aspergilose foi detectado um declínio progressivo na curva dos valores de Ht ao longo do período de reabilitação, os quais permaneceram abaixo do limite inferior de referência para a espécie (42% ± 4%) desde a terceira coleta até seu desfecho, enquanto o grupo controle apresentou valores dentro da referência para a espécie em todas as coletas. A primeira coleta de dados de PPT demonstrou um valor médio similar, de 6,4g/dL e 6g/dL, entre os grupos caso e controle, respectivamente. No entanto, na análise da curva, o grupo com aspergilose apresentou aumento progressivo desses valores durante toda a reabilitação, alcançando um valor médio de 10,3g/dL na nona coleta, diferentemente do grupo controle, que permaneceu estável a partir da sexta coleta, com valores entre 7,9 e 8g/dL. Neste trabalho podemos observar que estes parâmetros, além de serem critérios para liberação de pinguins também podem ser utilizados como indicadores de animais potencialmente infectados, uma vez que o resultado das curvas geradas a partir das análises mostraram diferenças pontuais no grupo de pinguins com aspergilose quando comparado com animais sadios. O estabelecimento desse perfil pode servir como parâmetro para início de terapia preemptiva para aspergilose ou de investigação diagnóstica mais específica.
Basic blood parameters and body weight are routinely used to monitor the general condition of Magellanic penguins in rehabilitation, including being considered criteria for release in accordance with established protocols. However, studies showing the variation of these parameters during the development of aspergillosis in these animals is not known. Thus, this study aimed to determine the curve of weight, hematocrit (Ht) and total plasma proteins (PPT) in penguins with aspergillosis. The study of retrospective case-control was carried out with penguins during rehabilitation at Centro de Recuperação de Animais Marinhos (CRAM-FURG) in Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, which were classified into two groups: the case group composed by penguins with aspergillosis, confirmed post mortem from necroscopic findings associated with microbiological culture and histopathology, and the control group consisted by healthy penguins, which were released. For the determination of the curves, data were collected from nine sequential samples, performed on average every seven days for a maximum period of 81 days, which underwent to analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc Bonferroni. A total of 140 animals were studied (cases 50% and 50% control). Penguins with aspergillosis were significantly different from the control group in all analyzed parameters. The average weight in the first collection was 2.747g in the case group, and 2.875g in the control group. Animals with aspergillosis showed a lower mean weight than animals released throughout the rehabilitation. The weight gain of the animals with aspergillosis occurred only in the first three collections, with stabilization or weight loss in later collections until the last collection. Regarding the hematocrit (Ht) the average value in the first collection, was 38% and 44% in the case and control groups, respectively. In the group of penguins with aspergillosis a progressive decline was detected in the curve of Ht values throughout the rehabilitation period, which remained below of the lower reference limit for the specie (42% ± 4%) from the third until the last collection, while the control group had values within the reference for the specie in all samples. The first collection of PPT data showed a similar average value of 6.4g/dL and 6g/dL, between case and control groups, respectively. However, the analysis of the curve of the group with aspergillosis showed progressive increase of these values throughout the rehabilitation, reaching an average of 10,3g / dL in the ninth collection, unlike the control group, which remained stable since the sixth collection, values between 7.9 and 8 g / dL. In this work we can see that these parameters besides being penguins criteria for release can also be used as indicators of potentially infected animals, as a result of the curves generated from the analysis showed significant differences in penguins group with aspergillosis when compared with healthy animals. The establishment of this profile can be used as parameters for early preemptive therapy for aspergillosis or more specific diagnosis.
Severo, Luiz Carlos. "Colonizacao intracavitaria pulmonar por aspergillus niger : analise de suas peculiaridades". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/1422.
Texto completo da fonteRazouk, Fernanda Horn. "Dosagem da galactomanana sérica para o diagnóstico de aspergilose invasiva pulmonar em pacientes submetidos ao transplante de células tronco hematopoiéticas". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/36277.
Texto completo da fonteCo-orientador: Prof. Dr. Clóvis Arns da Cunha
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Interna. Defesa : Curitiba, 2013
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Resumo: O fungo Aspergillus, agente causador da aspergilose invasiva pulmonar (AIP), representa um problema grave para área médica, particularmente quando acomete doentes imunocomprometidos, como pacientes com neutropenia prolongada e/ou receptores de transplante de células tronco hematopoiéticas (TCTH), por estar frequentemente associado a altas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade. Apesar da gravidade da AIP, frequentemente associada com disseminação sistêmica, os recursos de diagnóstico ainda são limitados. Os recentes avanços pelo diagnóstico por imagem, principalmente pela tomografia computadorizada, fornecem resultados apenas sugestivos da doença. Na maioria dos casos, o estudo histológico de amostras biopsiadas não é possível de ser realizado pelo risco de sangramento relacionado à plaquetopenia severa que tais pacientes apresentam. Os sistemas automatizados na área da microbiologia, como as hemoculturas, raramente são positivos. A pesquisa de antígenos, especificamente a galactomanana (GM), representa atualmente o melhor biomarcador para o diagnóstico de AIP. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a reação de enzimaimunoensaio (ELISA) para a dosagem da GM em 200 pacientes consecutivos internados na Unidade de Transplante de Medula Óssea do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná, todos submetidos ao TCTH, tanto na fase neutropênica pós-TCTH, como pacientes com complicações tardias. Foram realizadas coletas prospectivas de amostras de sangue e dosagem da GM com o emprego de reagentes comerciais (Bio-Rad, Platelia™ Aspergillus EIA) por ELISA sanduíche em microplaca. A detecção de GM apresentou sensibilidade de 100,0%, especificidade de 91,7%, valor preditivo positivo 36,8% e valor preditivo negativo 100,0%, para o diagnóstico e/ou monitoramento de AIP, quando associada ao diagnóstico de AIP provada, provável, possível ou negativa, ressaltando que nesta pesquisa não foi realizado o exame padrão-ouro para o diagnóstico de AIP, que seria a biopsia pulmonar. Apenas um paciente analisado apresentou diagnóstico confirmado de AIP, com a realização da biópsia pulmonar. Nos pacientes que foram a óbito, não foi possível a realização da necropsia na maioria dos casos. Apesar de não ter sido observada a relação da dosagem da GM acima do valor de corte estabelecido de 0,5 em, pelo menos, duas amostras consecutivas, com o diagnóstico de AIP, os pacientes tratados com voriconazol apresentaram melhora significativa do quadro clínico, sugerindo a disseminação deste fungo nos pacientes imunossuprimidos.
Abstract: The fungus Aspergillus, causative agent of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) represents a serious problem for the medical field, particularly when it affects immunocompromised patients, such as patients with prolonged neutropenia and / or receptors of stem cell transplantation (HSCT), to be often associated with high morbidity and mortality. Despite the severity of AIP, often associated with systemic spread, diagnostic approaches are limited. Recent advances by diagnostic imaging, especially computed tomography, provide only suggestive results of the disease. In most cases, histological examination of biopsy samples is not possible to be performed by the risk of severe bleeding associated with thrombocytopenia in these patients. Automated systems in microbiology, such as blood cultures are rarely positive. The study of antigens, specifically the galactomannan (GM) is currently the best biomarker for the diagnosis of AIP. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reaction of ELISA for the measurement of GM in 200 consecutive patients admitted to the Unit of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, all HSCT, both during neutropenic after HSCT, such as patients with late complications. Prospective blood samples were collected and was measured GM with the use of commercial reagents (Bio - Rad Platelia ™ Aspergillus EIA) by sandwich ELISA microplates. Detection of GM had a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 91.7%, positive predictive value of 36.8 % and negative predictive value of 100% for the diagnosis and / or monitoring of AIP, when associated with a diagnosis of AIP proven, probable, possible or negative, although this study was not included a gold standard test for the diagnosis of AIP, that is the biopsy pulmonar. Only one patient analyzed had a confirmed diagnosis of AIP, with lung biopsy. Among the patients who died, it was not possible to perform the autopsy in most cases. Despite not having been observed regarding the dosage of GM above the cutoff value of 0.5 in, at least, two consecutive samples, with the diagnosis of AIP, patients treated with voriconazole showed significant improvement of clinical symptoms, suggesting the spread of this fungus in immunosuppressed patients.
Santos, Rui Pedro Xavier dos. "Clínica e cirurgia em animais de companhia". Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/18774.
Texto completo da fonteLoyola, Ana Beatriz Alkmim Teixeira. "Avaliação da suscetibilidade de Aspergillus spp e Fusarium spp a antifungicos por microdiluição em caldo e sistema de monitorização de cresfimento de hifas (Biocell-tracer®)". [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308183.
Texto completo da fonteTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Os fungos filamentosos do gênero Aspergillus são fungos hialinos, saprófitas, encontrados no solo e na vegetação em decomposição e têm sido, crescentemente, relatados em casos de infecções sistêmicas ou disseminadas. A patogenicidade destes fungos oportunistas está na alta concentração dos microconídios no ar, facilitando a sua inalação. Infecções por Fusarium spp são altamente resistentes à terapia disponível, com prognostico desfavorável e taxa de mortalidade em torno de 57% dos casos. Vários relatos têm descrito a tolerância in vitro, ou resistência, de espécies de Aspergillus aos agentes antifúngicos após falha terapêutica com anfotericina B. A infecção por Aspergillus sp em pacientes imunossuprimidos apresenta taxa de mortalidade em torno de 86%, independente do tratamento antifúngico. Assim, testes de suscetibilidade a antifúngicos são de estrema importância. O teste de microdiluição, utilizando suspensão de conídios, foi recentemente padronizado pelo CLSI. No entanto, em regra, as infecções causadas por fungos filamentosos são caracterizadas pela presença de hifas no tecido infectado, sendo portanto, a realização do teste de suscetibilidade com hifas, de grande interesse clinico. A concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) de vários agentes antifúngicos pode ser determinada pela observação da inibição de crescimento de um hifa isolada. Há poucos relatos na literatura sobre a medição automatizada do crescimento de hifas de Aspergillus sp. e nenhum relato para hifas de Fusarium sp. pelo sistema 'BioCell-tracer POT. MARCA REGISTRADA¿... Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital
Abstract: Aspergillus and Fusarium species are hyaline moulds that are usually found in the soil and plants. These organisms have emerged as a cause of disseminated invasive disease. It has been suggested that airborne conidia might invade the respiratory tract with primary lung or sinus localisation Fusarium species are largely resistant to available chemotherapy and are correlated with poor prognosis and lethal outcome in 57% of the cases. Several reports have described in vitro tolerance or resistance of Aspergillus spp to antifungal infection in immunossupressed patients shows mortality around 86%, independente of antifungal treatment. Antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi has therefore become more importante. Since most infections caused by filamentous fungi are characterized by the presence of hyphal elements in the tissue, the monitoring of hyphal susceptibility might be of clinical interest. The MICs of several antifungal agents cam be determined based on the growth rate of a single hypha. There are only few reports for automatic growth evaluation for Aspergillus spp and no reports for Fusarium spp using the 'BioCell-tracer POT. MARCA REGISTRADA¿ system. In this work, we selected four clinical isolates of Aspergillus and four clinical isolates of Susarium. For all strains we prodeeded microdilution and hypha susceptibility antifungal evaluation with amphotericin B and itraconazole...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations
Doutorado
Ciencias Biomedicas
Doutor em Ciências Médicas
Azevedo, Priscila Zacarias de [UNESP]. "Avaliação do teste de imunodifusão dupla em gel de agar e do ensaio imunoenzimático - ELISA no diagnóstico e seguimento de pacientes com bola fúngica aspergilar". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/139330.
Texto completo da fonteCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Azevedo, Priscila Zacarias de. "Avaliação do teste de imunodifusão dupla em gel de agar e do ensaio imunoenzimático - ELISA no diagnóstico e seguimento de pacientes com bola fúngica aspergilar /". Botucatu, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/139330.
Texto completo da fonteFurtado, Ana Rita Ramalho. "Diagnostic value of MRI in dogs with inflammatory nasal disease". Bachelor's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/2379.
Texto completo da fonteThis study determines the value of low-field magnetic resonance imaging in differentiating nasal aspergillosis from chronic rhinitis in dogs. The Queen’s Veterinary School Hospital magnetic resonance imaging database (2002-2009) was searched for dogs that had undergone MRI of the nasal cavity. Forty-one cases were included of which twenty five were classified as Rhinitis and sixteen as Aspergillosis. On MRI, destruction of the turbinates was classified as mild, moderate or severe. The cribriform plate and vomer/nasal septum destruction were classified as present or absent as well as the involvement of the frontal sinus. Images were examined to assess the signal intensity of mucus and turbinates and classified as hypointense, hyperintense and isointense on the brightest area on the same slice. On T1W images, the intensity was compared with muscle and on T2W images with periorbital fat and brain. Turbinate destruction was statistically associated (p=0.005) with aspergillosis. Most of the Rhinitis cases (48%) had no turbinate destruction but a significant number had mild destruction (40%). Six Aspergillosis cases (37.5%) had moderate turbinate destruction and only three cases (18.8%) had severe destruction. Cribriform plate and vomer/nasal septum destruction, although not statistically associated with any pathology, were more frequent in Aspergillosis. There was no statistical association with Rhinitis or Aspergillosis with respect to frontal sinus involvement. On T1W scans, Aspergillosis was associated with turbinate hyperintensity, whilst Rhinitis was associated with turbinate hypointensity (p=0.007). On T2W scans, the turbinate intensity was not statistical significant with Rhinitis or Aspergillosis, however the majority (60%) of Rhinitis cases exhibited hypointense turbinates, whereas the majority (56.3%) of Aspergillosis cases had isointense turbinates. On T1W, mucus intensity was not statistical associated with Rhinitis or Aspergillosis, but it was noticed that mucus hyperintensity was the most significant feature in both groups. On T2W scans, there was no statistical significance when comparing with fat and brain, with mucus, nonetheless it was noted that the majority of cases showed hyperintense mucus. It was concluded that T1W scans provided more information since the turbinate hyperintensity seen was associated with Aspergillosis while hypointensity was with Rhinitis. On T2W images relevant differences were seen but these were not associated with specific pathology.
RESUMO - VALOR DIAGNÓSTICO DA RESSONÂNCIA MAGNÉTICA NUCLEAR EM DOENÇAS INFLAMATÓRIAS NASAIS NO CÃO - Este estudo pretende determinar o valor da ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN) de baixo campo no diagnóstico diferencial entre aspergilose e rinite crónica em cães. Foram pesquisados registos de cães que realizaram RMN da cavidade nasal no Queen’s Veterinary School Hospital em Cambridge. A população era constituída por 41 casos dos quais 25 foram classificados como Rinite e 16 como Aspergilose. Nas imagens de RMN, a destruição das conchas nasais foi classificada como ligeira, moderada e grave. A destruição da placa cribiforme e do vómer/septo nasal e o envolvimento do seio frontal foram classificadas como presente ou ausente. Analisaram-se as imagens para avaliar a intensidade do muco e das conchas nasais, que foram classificados como hipointensas, hiperintensas ou isointensas na zona mais brilhante do mesmo corte. Nas imagens de T1W, a intensidade foi comparada com o músculo e nas imagens em T2W com a gordura periorbital e cérebro. Verificou-se que a destruição das conchas nasais estava estatisticamente associada com a Aspergilose (p=0.005). A maior parte dos casos de Rinite (48%) não apresentavam destruição das conchas nasais, no entanto um número considerável tinha uma destruição ligeira (40%). Seis casos (37.5%) de Aspergilose tinham uma destruição moderada das conchas nasais e só três casos (18.8%) tinham destruição grave. Apesar de a destruição da placa cribriforme e do vómer/septo nasal se ter observado com mais frequência nos casos de Aspergilose, não se demonstrou qualquer associação estatisticamente significativa. Também não se observou associação estatisticamente significativa entre qualquer das duas patologias e o envolvimento do seio frontal. Em T1W, a Aspergilose estava estatisticamente associada com a hiperintensidade das conchas nasais, enquanto a Rinite estava associada com a hipointensidade das mesmas (p=0.007). Em T2W, não se observou nenhuma associação com significado estatístico entre a intensidade das conchas nasais e qualquer das duas patologias, contudo a maioria dos casos de Rinite (60%) apresentava conchas nasais hipointensas, enquanto a maioria dos casos de Aspergilose (56.3%) tinha conchas nasais isointensas. A intensidade do muco em T1W, não estava estatisticamente associada a nenhuma das patologias, de facto a hiperintensidade do muco foi a característica mais frequentemente encontrada em ambos os grupos. Quando foi comparada a intensidade do muco em T2W com a gordura e o cérebro, também não foram encontradas quaisquer associações estatisticamente significativas, sendo de realçar que a maioria dos casos apresentava muco hiperintenso. Em conclusão, pode-se afirmar que as imagens em T1W têm mais valor diagnostico que as de T2W, uma vez que se descreveram associações estaticamente significativas nesta sequência.
Pacheco, Ariane Mendonça. "Selênio e aflatoxinas em castanha-do-Brasil (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) e qualidade de produtos derivados". Florianópolis, SC, 2007. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/90511.
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Em algumas áreas Amazônicas, o extrativismo da castanha-do-Brasil é a principal atividade, e após direcionada aos centros de beneficiamento constitui um dos principais produtos de exportação de Estados do Norte do Brasil. Entretanto, devido à diminuição das exportações inclusive por causa de barreiras fitossanitárias impostas aos produtos contaminados por aflatoxinas (AFLs), estudos das possíveis causas de contaminação tornaram-se necessários para auxiliar na manutenção da qualidade. De forma a avaliar a relação entre o teor de Selênio (Se) em amostras de diferentes comunidades da Amazônia brasileira e relacioná-las a presença de AFLs foram coletadas 80 amostras (com casca e descascada). Quando analisadas por espectrometria de emissão atômica e AFL por LC MS/MS, mostras da região Oriental do estado do Amazonas foram maiores tanto no teor de Se quanto de AFLs, do que as da região Ocidental, apesar de não apresentarem diferenças significativas quanto aos níveis de umidade e aw. Ao testar diferentes teores de Se em meio de cultura e avaliar o comportamento de uma cepa de Aspergillus flavus foi evidenciado que com aumento das concentrações (0.01-0.6 mg/kg de Se) o crescimento fúngico foi afetado negativamente. Para identificar os níveis de AFLs em castanha-do-Brasil (Tipo Exportação) utilizou-se o método de LC-MS/MS em 108 amostras com casca e 63 sem casca, coletadas na cidade de Manaus (AM) das safras de 2006 e 2007. Do total, somente 32 (32.3 %) com casca e 45 (62.5 %) descascadas, apresentaram AFls em que 10 (5.8 %) foram >4 ng.g-1 (legislação européia). Considerando o uso de castanha-do-Brasil como ingrediente na obtenção de derivados, 50 amostras de produtos industrializados (snacks, cereais, castanha com chocolate e biscoito) adquiridas em supermercados, foram avaliadas quanto ao nível de dienos e trienos, e associação com AFLs (por LC MSMS). Do total, 56% atenderam a legislação européia para AFLs e o maior resultado foi detectado em castanha coberta com média de 4.34 ng.g-1 (0.10-8.50 ng.g-1). Para dienos e trienos, o maior valor foi observado em castanha descascada (232nm/0=0.7450 e 232nm/Final=1.3336), sendo possível evidenciar a influência da oxidação na deterioração desses produtos. Os resultados dos estudos reforçam a necessidade de aplicação de controles para evitar a produção de AFLs em castanha-do-Brasil, bem como de utilizar as suas características nutricionais contra a deterioração, para promover a qualidade e proteger a saúde do consumidor, com manutenção da atividade extrativa e industrial da castanha-do-Brasil. Palavras- chaves: Bertholletia excelsa, aflatoxinas, Aspergillus, Dienos, Trienos The Brazil nut extractivism is the most important commercial activity in some of the Amazon areas and after transported to be processed in the factories it becomes the most important agricultural commodity to some of the northern Brazilian states. Althought due to the export decrease of the last years, the aflatoxins (AFLs) were considere as the major cause of contamination and loose of quality. The study of the contamination causes became necessary to support the quality assurance. In order to identify the AFLs levels in Brazil nut for export, the LC-MS/MS method was used in 108 in-shell and 63 shelled simples, collected in Manaus city (AM) from 2006 e 2007 harvests. From the total, only 32 (32.3 %) in-shell and 45 (62.5 %) shelled, presented AFL with 10 (5.8 %) >4 ng.g-1 (European regulation). Considering the Selenium (Se) as an important antioxidant and its relationship to the AFL contamination in Brazil nuts from different Amazon areas, 80 samples (in shell and shelled) were evaluated. The atomic emission method was used to analyze Se and the LC MSMS for AFL. The eastern Amazon area samples presented higher Se levels and so for AFLs than Western area samples, despite of no significant difference in moisture content and water activity values. During the evaluation of a reference Aspergillus flavus strain behavior in media with different Se concentration, was clear observed as the Se concentration increased (0.01-0.6 mg/kg Se) lower was the fungal growth. As the Brazil nuts are usually taken, broken or entire, as ingredient to other products, 50 samples of industrialized brazil nut products (snacks, covered nuts, cereal and cookies), collected in supermarkets, were evaluated concerning the lipid oxidation (conjugated diens (CD) and trienes(CD)) and their association to AFLs. From the total, 56% were according to the legislation to AFLs (<4 ng.g-1) and the higher level was observed in covered nuts with mean of 4.34 ng.g-1 (0.10-8.50 ng.g-1). To CD and CT the higher level was observed in snacks type (232nm/0=0.7450 and 232nm/Final=1.3336) and was possible to visualize the oxidation influence in the products. The results of all the factors studied enforce the necessity of mechanisms to control the fungi proliferation and AFL contamination at the different chain stages, as well as the Brazil nut composition role to be used in order to improve their quality against deterioration, protecting the consumer.s health and the maintenance of the Brazil nut extractive and industrial activity.
Cardoso, Isabel Cristina Espíndola. "Aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos e etiológicos de 82 casos de rinossinusite fúngica no Rio Grande do Sul". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/150992.
Texto completo da fonteDescription: The fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS) is an opportunistic infection characterized by inflammation of the nasal mucosa and sinuses. It is considered an emerging problem in daily medical practice, with prevalence increased in recent decades, with etiology in diverse ubiquitous fungi. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze all cases of RSF belonging to the Mycology Laboratory of the database of the Brotherhood of the Santa Casa of Misericordia Porto Alegre during the period of 28 years (1986-2014), relating them with the clinical and epidemiological characteristics. Methods: The study was observational retrospective, resulting in a series of 82 cases confirmed by histopathological and mycological examinations for identification of fungi, compared them with the findings on radiographs. Results: We identified 54 cases of aspergillosis by RSF, especially the etiologic agent Aspergillus fumigatus (14/54), and 27 cases of RSF different fungi Aspergillus, with insulation superiority of agents responsible for hyalohyphomycosis (12/27). Configured, these findings, the three cases unprecedented in our country, especially the first case of human infection with RSF and Trichoderma asperellum. Conclusions: These findings represent the largest identified Brazilian series and can contribute to a better epidemiological understanding, improving clinical suspicion criteria, reflecting the effectiveness of treatments, mainly in diagnosing cases of invasive RSF, with high mortality rates.
Guazzelli, Luciana Silva. "Estudo etiológico, clínico, laboratorial e epidemiológico da bola fúngica pulmonar por Aspergillus spp". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/30929.
Texto completo da fonteBackground: Pulmonary fungus ball is defined as a conglomeration, within a cavity of intertwined Aspergillus hyphae, inflammatory cells, fibrin, mucus and cellular debris. Aspergillus fumigatus is the most frequent etiologic agent, about 90% of cases, followed by A niger and A flavus, respectively. The most common condiction to develop fungus ball is residual cavities of healed tuberculosis, and the most prevalent clinical manifestation and cause of death is hemoptysis in these patients. Objectives: To investigate the species of Aspergillus causing pulmonary fungus ball, we compared underlying conditions, laboratory evidence to the etiological diagnosis, and response of the different therapy, and outcome of patients with pulmonary fungus ball. Design: We analyzed retrospectively the medical records of patients for the characterization of pulmonary Aspergillus fungus ball. Settings: A university-based tertiary care hospital in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Patients and methods: The study included patients diagnosed with pulmonary Aspergillus fungus ball in a population of 750 cases of aspergillosis, from 1980 to 2009. The criteria for the diagnosis were: isolation of Aspergillus species from the material of the pulmonary cavity associated with the compatible radiographic image; isolation of Aspergillus species from other materials of the respiratory tract, excluding cavity material, with or without direct examination positive; double immunodiffusion positive for Aspergillus associated with compatible image. Results: We included 391 patients with pulmonary Aspergillus fungus ball, age ranged from 18 to 78 years, 67.3% were male. The diagnosis was based on clinical, radiological, and laboratory findings. In all patients we detected the characteristic findings of fungal ball, on X-ray and tomography; and complex fungal ball, on their radiological appearance, was detected in 97.4% of cases. Healed tuberculosis was the commonest pre-existing disease (89%). Hemoptysis was the major symptoms (89%). The species A. fumigatus was the most common etiologic agent, 89.3% of cases, followed by 7.1% A niger and A flavus less frequent in 3.3%. Culture was positive in 84.7% specimes, and immunodiffusion in 81.6% patients. The main treatment was surgical resection in 88.3% that had a favorable outcome. Spontaneous lysis was obtained in 2.3% of cases. Mortality was attributed to the surgery and hemoptysis in 32.3 and 13.8%, respectively. Conclusions: Patient with healed tuberculosis and hemoptysis is the first hypothesis diagnostic fungus ball. The most frequent radiological signs were rounded dense opacity surrounded with a halo of air in a thick cavity wall and thickening of the pleura over cavity. The detection of serum antibodies by double immunodiffusion, and the cultive of the lower respiratory tract specimens determined A. fumigatus as the main agent of pulmonary fungal ball. The detection of serum antibodies by double immunodiffusion, and the cultivation of the lower respiratory tract specimens determined A. fumigatus as the main agent of pulmonary fungal ball. The measure most commonly used therapy in patients of this study was to surgical resection, and half of the patients who died were in these cases.
Brun, Caroline Pellicioli. "Monitoramento de fungos no ar comparação da quantidade de elementos fúngicos viáveis em dois centros de Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas (TCTH) em Porto Alegre". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/53152.
Texto completo da fonteInvasive fungal infections have emerged as a cause of high morbidity and mortality among patients with hematologic malignancies, especially among those undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Fungi are ubiquitous in nature, therefore measures aimed at reducing fungal burden in hospitals have been emphasized. In this study air samples were collected in two HSCT centers in Southern Brazil, which have distinct facilities, as well diferent air control systems. All rooms of hospital 2 are equipped with HEPA filters. In addition, patients hospitalized in this unit are at a higher risk for invasive fungal diseases. A total of 130 samples were obtained during December 2009 to January 2011 from rooms, restrooms and corridors. For analysis, all fungi belonging to the genus Aspergillus, Rhizopus and Fusarium were considered filamentous fungi potentially pathogenic, while others were considered environmental fungi. The comparison between corridors of hospital 1 and 2 showed no difference in fungal concentration (p=0.114 for environmental fungi and p=0.622 for potentially pathogenic). The rooms of both hospitals showed a significant lower concentration in PPF, as compared to corridors (p<0.0001). Comparing rooms of hospital 1 e 2 there was a lower amount of environmental fungi in hospital 2 (p<0.0001) – however no difference was observed for potentially pathogenic (p=0.714). During the period of study, the incidence of invasive mold infection was 2.1% in hospital 1 and 7.6% in hospital 2. The low fungal burden in rooms in hospital 1 may be explained by the implementation of additional protective measures, emphasizing the importance of such measures in protected environments.
Silva, Raphael Luiz de Holanda e. "Evolução da aspergilose pulmonar invasiva produzida em camundongos tratados com anticorpos monoclonais anti GR-1/Ly-6G e infectados com amostras de Aspergillus fumigatus que apresentaram distintos padrões de produção de elastase". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17143/tde-24042012-132231/.
Texto completo da fonteInvasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis (IPA) is an opportunistic fungal disease, caused mainly by Aspergillus fumigatus, that affects immunocompromised patients. To better understand this mycoses, we originally established in C57BL/6 mice an experimental model of neutrophils depletion by intraperitoneal inoculation of antibodies anti GR-1/Ly-6G, confirmed by total and differential leukocyte counts from blood. Next, we evaluated the evolution of experimental pulmonary infection using two strains of A. fumigatus, previously characterized as weak (strain 699) and strong (strain 1753) elastase producers. None of immunocompetent infected mice died with 7 days of observation, while neutropenic mice, infected with both strains, showed 100% mortality after 5 days, with survival curves nearly overlap, suggesting that the major contribution to the virulence was the immune status instead of elastase activity of each fungal strain. For analysis of lung parenchyma, mice were sacrificed 24, 48 and 72 hours post-infection. During the course of experimental infection it was observed a reduction of fungal burden in the lungs, for both strains of A. fumigatus, but this reduction was not statistically significant between the infected groups (neutropenic and immunocompetent). The cellular pattern of the inflammatory infiltrate observed in lungs from neutropenic mice, infected with both strains of A. fumigatus, revealed a predominance of mononuclear cells, a diffuse pattern and clear evidences of angioinvasion, bronchial disruption with break of elastic fibers in both structures, besides exuberance of conidia filamentation for both fungal strains, since the early period of experimental infection. The inflammatory process observed in lungs from immunocompetent mice, infected with both fungal strains, was composed on early times by neutrophils and became exuberant after 72 hours, with predominance of macrophages. It was observed integrity of blood vessels and moderate bronchial wall disruption in lung parenchyma. A relevant observation was the lack of transformation of conidia in hyphae for 699 A. fumigatus strain, in all periods of observation. Total leukocytes count in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was significantly higher at 72 hours post-infection for both groups infected with both strains. The differential count revealed the presence of macrophages and neutrophils, with the former always in greater percentage in BAL from neutropenic mice and the latter always more elevated in immunocompetent group. Analysis by transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that the interaction of fungal structures (conidia or hyphae) with the defense cells (neutrophlis or macrophages) of BAL involved an intimate adhesion and fusion between the surface components from both cells. The presence of hemoglobin in BAL was a result of alveolar injury caused by the fungal development and invasion, but also by injuries determined by the inflammatory process itself. We concluded that neutrophils have a critical role against A. fumigatus since the pathogen quickly invades and damages the lung parenchyma in its absence. However, we must consider that the mere presence of A. fumigatus in immunocompetent mice induces the neutrophils migration to the infection site, which can also cause a tissue injury. Strains of A. fumigatus with distinct patterns of elastase production did not reflect in significant differences in mortality or origin of pulmonary lesions observed in neutropenic mice, suggesting that although elastase contributes to elastic disruptions observed in pulmonary tissue, another virulence factors, such as morphogenesis, can assume a more relevant role for pathogenesis of experimental IPA.
Canela, Heliara Maria Spina. "Análise molecular da anidrase carbônica no fungo patogênico humano Aspergillus fumigatus". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60135/tde-29012014-091548/.
Texto completo da fonteThe fungus Aspergillus fumigatus is the second cause of fungal infections in immunocompromised patients and it is the main specie which causes invasive aspergillosis, a disease with high mortality rate that mainly affects the lungs and it can spread through the body. During the infectious process, the fungus must adapt to the host and one of the obstacles is the drastic change of the carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, which is 0.033% in the environment and until 6% inside the host. The carbonic anhydrases are enzymes which are involved in the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide and they have been pointed as important in the virulence of pathogens such as Plasmodium falciparum, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Helicobacter pylori, Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans. This work aimed to evaluate the role of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase in the development and virulence of the fungus A. fumigatus, which has four homologues of this enzyme (cafA, cafB, cafC e cafD). Therefore, strains, which have the homologues of the enzyme deleted (?cafA, ?cafB, ?cafC, ?cafD and ?cafA?cafB) were used in parallel with the wild strain (?akuBku80), which originated the mutant ones. We did structure phenotypic evaluations of the different strains of conidiophores, sensibility determination against different stressors (antifungal agents, apoptosis, ionic, nitrosative, oxidative, and cell wall stress promoters) and global gene expression determination at different carbon dioxide concentrations. It was verified that the carbonic anhydrases homologues deletion of A. fumigatus did not interfere on the n structure (conidiophore) of this fungus, in the tested conditions. On the other hand, the deletion caused a change in sensibility of the fungus against some stressors (acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide). The gene expression experiments showed a gene involved in the adaptation to the increase of CO2 concentration, the cipC gene. This gene does not have homologues in the mammalian cells. The cipC gene was characterized in this work by its deletion in the A. fumigatus wild strain (?akuBku80) and microscopic phenotypic evaluation and sensibility tests against stressors (antifungal agents, apoptosis, ionic, nitrosative, oxidative, and cell wall stress promoters). The gene deletion did not interfere on the fungus conidiophore structure but increase its sensibility to some compounds (calcoflúor white and menadione). Virulence tests in animal model using the ?cipC mutant were done and they showed that the deletion of this gene attenuates the fungus virulence. In conclusion, the carbonic anhydrases are not relevant to development and virulence of the fungus, which modifies the gene expression to adapt to the variations of atmospheric CO2 concentration. Besides, the cipC gene seems to be involved in this adaptation process. Moreover, the cipC gene showed to be important to the development of the fungus and its virulence, which makes the gene a target for the study of new therapies for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis.