Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Azote – Fixation"
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Le, Grand Nathalie. "Contribution à l'étude des processus de transfert de couples {H+/e} et de transformation de ligands en relation avec la réduction de l'azote moléculaire". Brest, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BRES2007.
Texto completo da fonteBekki, Abdelkader. "Fixation d'azote en conditions de stress salin chez Médicago : sensibilité respective des partenaires symbiotiques". Nice, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NICE4060.
Texto completo da fonteAlias, Annie. "Génétique de la fixation d'azote chez la bactérie photosynthétique Rhodobacter capsulatus : étude du gène de régulation nifR4 et de son expression". Grenoble 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE10133.
Texto completo da fonteHouyou, Nassima. "Suivi isotopique par RMN et GC-MS de l'assimilation de l'azote chez les plantules de colza : Aspects de régulation de la nitrate réductase". Amiens, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AMIE0627.
Texto completo da fonteIn rapeseed (Brassica napus) seedlings, ammonium as the sole nitrogen source induces a twofold increase in nitrate reductase (NR) activity (NRA) in shoots comprising the cotyledons and hypocotyls (Leleu, 2000) instead of the usual decrease. We have studied the involved metabolic pathways to shed light on this unusual mechanism of NR regulation. Thus, the 15N isotope exploration of nitrogen assimilation pathways with in vivo NMR, in vitro NMR and GC-MS was optimised, and then used to study the metabolic response of NR in rapeseed shoots towards the kind of nitrogen source (ammonium NH4Cl or nitrate KNO3), the presence or the absence of light and the effect of GS/GOGAT inhibitors. Our results indicate a stimulation of 15NO3 - assimilation fluxes after exposure of rapeseed plantlets to ammonium as compared to nitrate exposure. This stimulation was found to be related to the synthesis of large quantities of glutamine by the GS/GOGAT cycle under ammonium exposure. Use of the GS inhibitor MSX and the GOGAT inhibitor azaserine revealed an effect of the glutamine level on the in vivo NR activity which is consistent with in vitro measurements under the same physiological conditions (Leleu, 2000). Finally, the twofold activation of the 15NO3 - assimilation flux by light was observed under both nitrate and ammonium conditions. This light activation seems to be independent from the ammonium activation and thus from the effect of glutamine indicating two separate mechanisms of NR regulation
Lassus, Charles de. "Fixation d'azote moléculaire par la sciure au cours de sa biodégradation". Toulouse, INPT, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986INPT002A.
Texto completo da fontePaditporn, Achara. "Étude de facteurs limitants de l'activité diazotrophe au cours de la biodégradation aérobie de lignocelluloses". Toulouse, INPT, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPT006A.
Texto completo da fonteSchiltz, Séverine. "Caractérisation du processus de remobilisation de l'azote des organes végétatifs pendant le remplissage des graines chez Pisum sativum L. Par marquages isotopiques et protéomique". Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOS012.
Texto completo da fonteThe mechanism of nitrogen remobilisations from vegetative organs to filling seeds was characterised by isotopic nitrogen labelling and proteomic. From these analyses, organs from which nitrogen is remobilised were identified, their contribution to seed nitrogen yield were quantified, the nature of remobilised nitrogen pools were determined and the metabolic pathways that were involved were pointed out. Then, the genotypic variability was studied in eight pea genotypes contrasted for morphological traits and seed nitrogen content. This study showed that nitrogen remobilised from vegetative organs was the main nitrogen source for filling seeds. Remobilised N constituted a unique nitrogen pool that was redistributed between seeds independently from their position on the plant and so their developmental stage whatever the genotype. Proteins and mainly, photosynthetic proteins were the main nitrogen pool remobilised from leaves and stems
Villegas, Hernandez Maria del Carmen. "Spécificité symbiotique de Sinorhizobium meliloti associé à Medicago laciniata : biodiversité et déterminisme génétique". Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10074.
Texto completo da fonteNna, Mvondo Delphine. "Fixation atmosphérique de l'azote par les décharges électriques durant l'histoire de la Terre". Paris 12, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA120068.
Texto completo da fonteOn Earth, nitrogen can be used by living organisms only if it is "fixed", that is to say if it is present in reactive forms, as ammonia, nitrates, nitrogen oxides or nitrogen chemically tied up to organic molecules. Nitrogen can be fixed biologically or abiotically by industrial processes and by lightning diseharges during thunderstonns. On early Earth, lightning could have been one of the most important sources of fixed nitrogen needed for die emergence of life supplying about 10 [puissance]12 g NO per year. In this work, we report the first experimental simulation of atmospheric nitrogen fixation by electric diseharges, including lightning and corona diseharges, during ail geologic history of die Earth, from an atmosphere predominantly composed of carbon dioxide in die Hadean and Archean to the current oxygenic atmosphere dominated by dinitrogen. This experimental study consists of simulating in laboratory the Earth' s atmosphere from neutral (CO2 - N2) to oxygenic (O2 - N2), of subjecting these gaseous mixtures to irradiation that mimic thunderstorm lightning and corona point-discharges, then of analyzing the nitrogen products by GC-MS-IRTF and also only by infrared spectroscopy. In order to explain the observed variations in the energy yields of NO, NO2 and N2O for each atmosphere and each discharge, we propose chemical mechanisms of formation of these three compounds. The estimates of their annual productions for lightning and corona processes in terrestrial simulated atmospheres allow us to constrain the contribution of electric processes in the abiotic nitrogen fixation, and to examine if the evolution of the atmosphere could have influenced the production of reactive nitrogen available for the living organisms
Heckmann, Marie-Odile. "Influence du métabolisme nodulaire du nitrate sur l'inhibition de la fixation symbiotique d'azote chez le soja (Glycine max L. )". Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20053.
Texto completo da fontePhilip, Pascale de. "Etude de la protéine FixL de Rhizobium meliloti impliquée dans la régulation de l'expression des gènes de fixation symbiotique de l'azote". Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30275.
Texto completo da fonteBlais, Marjolaine. "La fixation d'azote dans l'ouest de l'océan Arctique". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27721/27721.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteLeprevost, Corinne. "Etude de la modification des caractères de Rhizobium meliloti après transformation génétique". Lille 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIL10086.
Texto completo da fonteLavire, Céline. "Modulation des propriétés symbiotiques de Frankia : mécanismes de régulation génétique et métabolisme de l'azote". Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10081.
Texto completo da fonteRakotonandrasana, Marie Annick Holysoa. "Effet d'une jachère de trèfle souterrain (Trifolium subterraneum L. ) sur le lessivage des nitrates et l'alimentation azotée du mai͏̈s". Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT003A.
Texto completo da fonteBellenger, Jean-Philippe. "Acquisition des oxyanions Mo,V et W par les bactéries gram-fixatives d'azote". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR13055.
Texto completo da fonteThis study focuses on the uptake mechanisms for oxyanions in terrestrial nitrogen fixers. Our specific goal is to determine whether Azotobacter vinelandii produces specific ligands to promote the uptake of molybdenum and vanadium. During this thesis we have synthesized the bis-catecholate sidérophore azotochelin, which had been previously proposed to be a ‘molybdophore” and studied its complexation properties with metal cations (Cu, Co, Mn, Zn) and metal anions (Mo, V and W). Azotochelin forms strong complexes with Mo, V and W, as well as Cu. We have also demonstrated that the azotochelin-vanadate complex is taken up by azotobacter vinelandii RP11. 70 (a mutant of A. Vinelandii that makes only the vanadium nitrogenase) when vanadium concentrations are limiting for growth, but not at high vanadate concentrations. In addition, we have shown that, in Azotobacter vinelandii OP (wild type) the preferential uptake of molybdate in the presence of tungstate is facilitated by azotochelin additions. We thus believe that azotochelin is a “vanadophore” and also possibly a “molybdophore” for A. Vinelandii. The possible implication of azotochelin on molybdenum uptake is strongly supposed but need further experiments
DELORME, FREDERIC. "Etude de la regulation de la fixation de l'azote et du metabolisme azote chez azospirillum brasilense sp7". Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA077028.
Texto completo da fonteDekaezemacker, Julien. "Etude de la fixation d'azote dans les environnements "déficitaires en azote" : Contribution des diazotrophes unicellulaires et contrôle par la disponibilité nutritive". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4098.
Texto completo da fonteThe objectif of these thesis was to study dinitrogen fixation in marine environments rich but deficient of nitrogen (N) compared to phosphorus (P) in a ratio N:P<16, by using complementary approaches in culture in vitro and in the field in situ. The first part of this work was to evaluate the response of nitrogen-fixing unicellular Cyanobacteria Crocosphaera watsonii faced with micromolar concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) supposed to inhibit nitrogen fixation activity : - after sporadic input, or, - after a long period of acclimatization. The results of these studies have failed to observe the inhibition of nitrogen fixation activities of this organism, suggesting that this process could be active in an area of the Ocean with these same biogeochemical characteristics : the Eastern Tropical South Pacific (ETSP). Indeed, this area is one of the three largest oxygen minimum zones (OMZ) of the Ocean, where intense processes of N losses (denitrification and anammox) took place, resulting in a deficit of N compared to P. Studies assumed that the inverse process, gain of N by nitrogen fixation, could be active in the ETSP but no measurements across the basin have been performed because nitrogen fixation was assumed to occur only in oligotrophic environments, such as the subtropical gyres. In the framework of an international project, cruises took place in this area in February 2010 during a El Niño event and in March-April 2011 during a La Niña event. Results of these two cruises have confirmed that nitrogen fixation was unexpectedly active with an intensity comparable to those reported in oligotrophic areas
Luna, Reyes. "Amélioration de la fixation symbiotique de l'azote chez le soja (Glycine max L. Merrill) : aptitudes de la souche SMGS1 de Bradyrhizobium japonicum". Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT015A.
Texto completo da fonteJang, Jichan. "Caractérisation de deux protéines phosphatases impliquées dans la régulation de la différenciation des hétérocystes chez la cyanobactérie Anabaena sp. PCC 7120". Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2007AIX22013.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteDjekoune, Abdelhamid. "Photosynthèse, fixation symbiotique de l'azote et résistance à la sécheresse chez le soja (Glycine max. L. Merril)". Toulouse, INPT, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPT001A.
Texto completo da fonteSoussana, Jean-François. "Fixation symbiotique de l'azote et assimilation du nitrate chez la luzerne (Medicago sativa L. ) : aspects méthodologiques, aspects physiologiques". Montpellier 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON20048.
Texto completo da fonteLaguerre, Gisèle. "Etude de microorganismes fixateurs asymbiotiques d'azote atmosphérique isolés de déchets huileux de raffinerie pétrolière". Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO10505.
Texto completo da fonteSerraj, Rachid. "Nutrition azotée du soja (Glycine max L. ) : influence du type de croissance et fixation symbiotique d'azote en présence de nitrate". Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20178.
Texto completo da fonteFabre, Françoise. "Amélioration génétique de la qualité de la graine et fixation symbiotique de l'azote chez le soja (Glycine max L. )". Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT015A.
Texto completo da fonteSchwoob, Cathie. "Les développements récents de la chimie de complexation de l'azote". Strasbourg 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985STR10536.
Texto completo da fonteTirichine, Delacour Leïla. "Étude de la spécificité d'hôte pour la nodulation et la fixation de l'azote dans la symbiose Sinorhizobium-Medicago truncatula : identification de nouveaux gènes". Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT005A.
Texto completo da fonteRiano, Sanchez Jaime Andres. "Evolution of the global productivity of terrestrial ecosystems under constraint linked to nitrogen availability : analysis over the recent historical period and future projections". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASJ012.
Texto completo da fonteTerrestrial ecosystems currently absorb more than a quarter of CO₂ emissions of anthropogenic origin, thanks to the fertilization effect associated with the increase in atmospheric CO₂. Most of the terrestrial system models used in recent IPCC work estimate that terrestrial ecosystems will continue to behave like a carbon sink of greater or lesser magnitude in the 21st century, depending on the future trajectories of atmospheric CO₂ and climate. Whatever the evolution of atmospheric CO₂ concentration, it remains critical to determining whether enough nutrients (particularly nitrogen) will be available to fully support the increase in primary production resulting from the fertilization effect of elevated CO₂. Most global models of terrestrial ecosystems do not account for the nitrogen cycle and the interactions between the nitrogen and carbon cycles. The latest version of the ORCHIDEE model developed in France incorporates these new features.Using this model, the objective of the thesis will be to analyze the evolution of terrestrial productivity over the recent historical period and to quantify the future development of the productivity of terrestrial ecosystems under the combined effect of these global changes: climate, CO₂ concentration, and reactive nitrogen production evolution, according to different socio-economic scenarios. Including the coupled nitrogen and carbon cycle in ORCHIDEE also requires a better approximation to one key Nitrogen input resulting from Biological Nitrogen Fixation that is currently determined by evapotranspiration. This has been recently invalidated by a meta analysis study. The second objective of this thesis consists then of implementing a process-based dynamic model for reproducing BNF in ORCHIDEE to improve the estimation of the carbon fluxes
Sultan-Tubeileh, Kholoud. "Étude du comportement hivernal d'associations luzernes annuelles-Rhizobium en régions méditerranéennes : élaboration de la matière sèche et fixation d'azote". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2001_SULTAN_TUBEILEH_K.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteGuénin-Tabary, Florence. "Caractérisation moléculaire de la lectine de riz et étude de sa liaison a certaines bactéries fixant l'azote". Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA077047.
Texto completo da fonteHameed, Hassan Rasheed. "Transformation et translocation de l'azote sous influence lombricienne et microbienne : modèles et validation écologiques". Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20243.
Texto completo da fontePrado, Vasconcelos Claudete. "Contribution à l'étude de la nutrition azotée du pois et de la féverole dans divers systèmes de culture : simulation de la croissance et de la fixation symbiotique". Toulouse, INPT, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPT002A.
Texto completo da fonteTran, Van Van. "Burkholderia vietnamiensis sp. Nov. , une protéobactérie fixatrice d'azote de la rhizosphère du riz isolée d'un sol sulfate acide : taxonomie et effets de l'inoculation sur la croissance et le rendement du riz". Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10369.
Texto completo da fonteFerrand-Roumet, Catherine. "Importance et devenir du CO2 fixé par les racines nodulées de soja (Glycine max L. Merrill) : incidence sur l'estimation du coût carboné de la fixation de N2". Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20196.
Texto completo da fonteDoignon-Bourcier, Florence. "Etude taxonomique de Bradyrhizobium symbiotes de petites légumineuses au Sénégal". Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10341.
Texto completo da fonteCosseau, Céline. "Régulation par AICAR/5'AMP de l'expression des gènes de fixation de l'azote sous la dépendance du système FixLJ chez Sinorhizobium meliloti". Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30053.
Texto completo da fonteCleyet-Marel, Jean-Claude. "Dynamique des populations de rhizobium et de bradyrhizobium dans le sol et la rhizosphère". Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10041.
Texto completo da fonteBerge, Odile. "Étude et inoculation des Bacillus fixateurs d'azote de la rhizosphère du maïs". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10430.
Texto completo da fonteVoisin, Anne-Sophie. "Etude du fonctionnement des racines nodulées du pois (Pisum sativum L. ) en relation avec la disponibilité en nitrates du sol, les flux de carbone au sein de la plante et la phénologie : croissance des racines nodulées et activité fixatrice des nodosités". Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOS005.
Texto completo da fonteGuy, Sylvain. "Effet des faibles températures sur la nodulation et la photosynthèse des plantes fixatrices d'azote chez le soja (Glycine max L. Merr. )". Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT013A.
Texto completo da fonteDaveran, Marie-Line. "Structure et transcription des genes de fixation de l'azote de rhizobium meliloti". Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30001.
Texto completo da fonteLebret, Nelly. "L'ammoniac biologique et ses dérivés : analyse et limitation dans la vie domestique". Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT043G.
Texto completo da fonteBenamar, Saad. "Nutrition azotée d'alnus glutinosa : Variations des activités nitrate réductase et nitrogénase liées à la croissance, à l'alimentation nitrique et à l'activité photosynthétique de la plante". Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10115.
Texto completo da fonteAveline, Anne. "Etude de la variabilité de la fixation biologique de l'azote : impacts sur le rendement du soja (Glycine max L.) cultivé en zone tempéré et en zone tropicale". Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10008.
Texto completo da fontePaynel, Florence. "Transfert de composés azotés entre le trèfle blanc et le ray-grass anglais. Etude de l'exsudation racinaire de l'ammonium et des acides aminés". Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10116.
Texto completo da fonteFraysse, Nicolas. "Purification et caractérisation d'un lipopolysaccharide bactérien : modification de composés de surface chez Sinorhizobium SP. NGR234 en conditions symbiotiques". Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30112.
Texto completo da fonteBenchemsi-Bekkari, Najoua. "Nutrition azotée du robinier (robinia pseudoacacia l. ) : relations entre métabolisme de l'urée et activités uréase et arginase". Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10035.
Texto completo da fonteTosca, Claude. "Structure, dynamique et fonctionnement des ecosystemes prairiaux supra-forestiers des pyrenees-centrales". Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30197.
Texto completo da fonteAhombo, Gabriel. "Génétique de la fixation d'azote chez la bactérie Rhodobacter capsulatus : clonage et caractérisation d'un gène de type nifA". Grenoble 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE10097.
Texto completo da fonteBerthelot, Hugo. "Fixation d'azote et son devenir dans l'océan de surface : transfert dans le réseau trophique planctonique et influence sur les cycles biogéochimiques de l'azote et du carbone". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4103/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis PhD thesis, achieved within the framework of the VAHINE project, focuses on the fate of the recently fixed N2 by diazotrophes in the oligotrophic surface ocean.It appears that the release of the recently fixed N2 in the dissolved pool is a process shared between all diazotrophs tested and that the magnitude of this release depend on the environmental contrains rather than on diazotroph involved in fixation.The transfer of the N2 fixed toward non-diazotroph plankton has been investigated using an innovative methodology (coupling of nano-scale mass spectrometry (nanoSIMS) and cell sorting flow cytometry). It appeared that 5 to 20 % of the recently fixed N2 is transferred toward non-diazotroph plankton, mainly through NH4+ release. This transfer is twice more efficient when the N2 is fixed by the filamentous Trichodesmium compared to Crocosphaera and Cyanothece.Particulate export of the fixed N2 has been investigate in large in-situ mesocosms equipped with sediment traps, deployed in the New Caledonian lagoon and enriched with PO43- in order to stimulate N2 fixation. During this experiment, N2 fixation fueled a large part of the new primary production (>90 %) and that fixed N2 was quickly exported. The export has been direct, through the sedimentation of the diazotrophs themselves, and indirect, through the transfer of ~20 % of the recently fixed N2 toward non-diazotrophic plankton that have, in turn, sedimented