Artigos de revistas: "Basel Convention"

1

Alter, Harvey. "Industrial recycling and the Basel Convention". Resources, Conservation and Recycling 19, n.º 1 (janeiro de 1997): 29–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-3449(96)01160-3.

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Kummer, Katharina. "The Basel Convention: Ten Years On". Review of European Community & International Environmental Law 7, n.º 3 (novembro de 1998): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9388.00154.

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Murphy, Sean D. "Law the Basel Convention on Hazardous Wastes". Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development 35, n.º 2 (março de 1993): 42–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00139157.1993.9929079.

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Abdel-Qader, Selma, e Tanya Lee Roberts-Davis. "Toxic Occupation: Leveraging the Basel Convention in Palestine". Journal of Palestine Studies 47, n.º 2 (2018): 28–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2018.47.2.28.

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Reports by UN-affiliated institutions, human rights organizations, academic researchers, and individual community members, as well as Palestine's Environment Quality Authority (EQA), point to the continuing transfer to the West Bank of hazardous wastes from inside Israel, and by illegal Israeli settlement industries operating in the occupied Palestinian territory (oPt). Such transfers occur in contravention of the Geneva Conventions and of binding multilateral environmental agreements such as the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal, to which both Israel and Palestine are party. This article argues that despite inherent limitations, there are opportunities for leveraging the Basel Convention to hold accountable perpetrators, given the severe environmental, health, and human rights consequences of the uncontrolled movement and disposal of waste on the Palestinian population in the oPt. To date, such opportunities have remained largely unexplored both in academia and by broader sectors of civil society.

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Cubel, Pablo. "Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes in International Law: The Special Case of the Mediterranean Area". International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 12, n.º 4 (1997): 447–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180897x00329.

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AbstractSince the early 1980s different organisations have tried to enact international instruments to control international waste trade. The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal was adopted in 1989 under the auspices of UNEP in order to protect human health and the environment against the adverse effects which may result from the management of waste involved in transboundary movements of hazardous waste and its disposal. The Basel Convention has evolved significantly in eight years-whereas only 35 states and the EC signed the Convention at the time of its adoption, more than 113 states have ratified it as to August 1997. Several other instruments have been developed under the Basel Convention influence. Among those treaties that have been adopted, two deserve special attention. First, the Bamako Convention on the Ban of the Import into Africa and the Control of Transboundary Movement and Management of Hazardous Wastes within Africa adopted in 1991 under the auspices of OAU. Second, the Fourth Lomé Convention adopted by the EC and its member states and 69 African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) states. The first part of this article is devoted to a comparative analysis of those three Conventions. The second part of this article gives an objective analysis of the substantive regulation of the Izmir Protocol while criticising diverse aspects and proposing alternatives in view of the conventions treated in the preceding part.

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Onzivu, William. "(Re)invigorating the health protection objective of the Basel Convention on Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal". Legal Studies 33, n.º 4 (dezembro de 2013): 621–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lest.12000.

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The public health challenges of moving dangerous substances across jurisdictions have led to a renewed international focus on the importance of the health perspective in the Basel Convention on Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal. This paper systematically reviews the health dimensions of the Basel Convention and the ways in which the Convention can be strengthened. It analyses the limits of the health objective of the Convention in promoting public health and the environment and the potential for optimising it. The paper argues that an examination of the Convention's substantive, procedural, and institutional and implementation mechanisms highlights its failure to fully achieve its potential for health protection. Parties to the Convention have initiated measures to address this issue, but the design and functioning of the Convention itself constrain the full achievement of health goals, which in turn undermines the protection of human health and the environment. To optimise the health promotion, the author argues for an adaptive governance framework by bolstering the governance mechanisms of the Convention and the Secretariat, strengthening health cooperation between international health agencies and improving domestic implementation of the Convention by its Member States.

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Honda, Shunichi. "Environmentally Sound Management of E-Waste - Relationship between Environmentally Sound Management and Transboundary Movements". Advanced Materials Research 878 (janeiro de 2014): 380–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.878.380.

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This article discusses relationship between environmentally sound management (ESM) and transboundary movements (TBM) of hazardous wastes, in particular E-waste. ESM and TBM are the main pillars of the Basel Convention; however, the issues on TBM had only been discussed intensively at early stage of the Basel Convention. ESM had been become a main agenda of international discussion of the Basel Convention after several years since entry into force of the Basel Convention. The article introduces a new concept to identify ESM level by using ESM benchmarks and standards.

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Peiry, Katharina Kummer. "The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal: The Basel Convention at a Glance". Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 107 (2013): 434–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/procannmeetasil.107.0434.

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Goncharova, Marina. "Basel II International Convention: Bank’s Trading Portfolio - Constitution and Regulation". Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 5. Jurisprudencija, n.º 3 (outubro de 2016): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu5.2016.3.19.

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Rublack, Susanne. "Fighting Transboundary Waste Streams: Will the Basel Convention Help?" Verfassung in Recht und Übersee 22, n.º 4 (1989): 364–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0506-7286-1989-4-364.

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Moen, Amy E. "Breaking Basel: The elements of the Basel Convention and its application to toxic ships". Marine Policy 32, n.º 6 (novembro de 2008): 1053–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2008.03.002.

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Goncharova, Marina. "Basel II International Convention: Four Principles of Supervisory Review Process". Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 5. Jurisprudencija, n.º 4 (novembro de 2016): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu5.2016.4.24.

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Stone, Hillary. "Effects of Amendments to the Basel Convention on battery recycling". Journal of Power Sources 78, n.º 1-2 (março de 1999): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7753(99)00031-2.

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Evans, N. R. "The Basel Convention: A Toxic Treaty for a Toxic Trade?" Economic Affairs 16, n.º 5 (dezembro de 1996): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0270.1996.tb00563.x.

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Ziglio, Luciana. "INDUSTRIAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN BRAZIL AND THE BASEL CONVENTION". Novos Estudos Jurídicos 19, n.º 2 (31 de julho de 2014): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.14210/nej.v19n2.p585-606.

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16

Elmer, J. W. "The Basel Convention: effect on the Asian secondary lead industry". Journal of Power Sources 59, n.º 1-2 (março de 1996): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7753(95)02294-5.

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17

Khamidulina, Kh Kh, e A. A. Vinogradova. "INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS IN CHEMICAL SAFETY AT THE RESENT STAGE". Toxicological Review, n.º 6 (28 de dezembro de 2017): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36946/0869-7922-2017-6-48-53.

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Modern directions of activities are reported in the frame of international agreements in chemical safety-The Basel Convention on the control of transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and their disposal, the Rotterdam Convention on the prior informed consent procedure for certain hazardous chemicals and pesticides in international trade, the Stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants. Taking into account that at the national level, especially in small-size countries, the same bodies represent their countries in international conventions, in 2011 under UNEP, a BRS convention (unified secretariat) was set up to improve coordination of Conventions, to raise the level of their cooperation and at the same time to lower expenses of their activities by setting up common services such as administration support, joimt clearing house, planning and holding meetings of all levels, training, providing technical assistance etc. The three conventions deal with a great number of the same substances in accordance with their objectives and area of activities which requires a deep coordination in the frame of Conventions both at the international and national levels. All three Conventions preserve their full independence but conducting a policy of synenergy that means collaboration and deep coordination,

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18

Meta Puspita, Nadya. "THE URGENCY OF ELECTRONIC WASTE MANAGEMENT REGULATION IN INTERNATIONAL AND REGIONAL (ASEAN) LAW WITH ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION APPROACH". Padjadjaran Journal of International Law 3, n.º 1 (31 de janeiro de 2019): 84–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.23920/pjil.v3i1.309.

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AbstractThe development of technology has been increasing rapidly thus almost all aspects of humans are supported by technology and electronic equipment. More electronic wastes are produced, but those could not be managed similar to the conventional wastes and do not have the same characteristics as hazardous wastes as regulated in the Basel Convention 1989 so that the Convention cannot be applied to electronic wastes management optimally. In this present time, there are still no instruments in international law regarding the management of electronic wastes, but the international community has begun to discuss this issue and argue that it is necessary to develop regulations in international and regional levels, especially in the ASEAN region. The analysis and conclusions of this research shows that the Basel Convention cannot optimally accommodate the regulation of electronic wastes management and it is necessary to establish a regulation in the form of a mechanism under the Basel Convention 1989 with regard to environmental aspects. Arrangements at the ASEAN regional level should be made by referring to the principles regulated in the mechanism and formed in a coordinative and non-coercive guideline. Keywords: e-waste, e-waste management, environmental protection AbstrakTeknologi semakin berkembang hampir semua aspek kehidupan manusia telah didukung oleh teknologi dengan peralatan elektronik. Produksi sampah elektronik semakin banyak, namun mereka tidak dapat dikelola seperti sampah konvensional dan juga tidak sepenuhnya memiliki karakteristik yang sama seperti sampah B3 yang telah diatur dalam Konvensi Basel 1989 sehingga Konvensi tidak dapat diterapkan pada pengelolaan sampah elektronik secara optimal. Saat ini, belum ada instrumen dalam hukum internasional mengenai pengelolaan sampah elektronik, namun masyarakat internasional sudah mulai membahas isu ini dan perlu adanya untuk mengembangkan peraturan di tingkat internasional dan regional, khususnya di ASEAN. Analisis dan kesimpulan penelitian ini memperlihatkan pengaturan dalam Konvensi Basel 1989 tidak dapat mengakomodasi secara optimal mengenai pemanfaatan sampah elektronik sehingga perlu dibuat suatu peraturan berupa mekanisme di bawah Konvensi Basel 1989 dengan memperhatikan aspek-aspek lingkungan. Pengaturan di tingkat regional ASEAN dapat dibuat dengan mengacu pada prinsip-prinsip yang diatur dalam mekanisme tersebut namun dibentuk berupa panduan yang lebih koordinatif dan tidak memaksa. Kata kunci: sampah elektronik, pengelolaan sampah elektronik, perlindungan lingkungan

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Flamínio da Silva, Artur. "Recensão a a Christoph Grabenwarter, European Convention on Human Rights". Revista do Direito Público 10, n.º 2 (1 de setembro de 2015): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1980-511x.2015v10n2p229.

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Tsimplis, Michael. "Liability and Compensation in the International Transport of Hazardous Wastes by Sea: The 1999 Protocol to the Basel Convention". International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 16, n.º 2 (2001): 295–346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180801x00090.

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AbstractThe export of hazardous wastes has been recognised by the international community as a dangerous trade which must be minimised and regulated. The 1989 Basel Convention on the Control of the Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal is a widely ratified international agreement for the environmentally safe transport of hazardous wastes. The 1999 Liability and Compensation Protocol significantly improves the 1989 Basel Convention regime by establishing strict liability with minimum financial limits and, unlimited, fault-based liability for damages arising out of the carriage of wastes. The strict liability does not attach to the Carrier but to persons which are subject to the jurisdiction of either the state of export or the state of import and who act as the Notifier, the Exporter, the Importer or the Disposer of the wastes. Strict liability must be covered by compulsory insurance. The Basel Protocol overlaps with other liability and limitation regimes. The potential conflict of the Basel Protocol with the major agreements applicable to the carriage of wastes by sea is discussed and improvements in the drafting of the Protocol and the supporting financial mechanisms are suggested.

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21

Goncharova, Marina. "Basel II International Convention: the Content and Targets of Supervisory Review Process". Legal Concept 16, n.º 1 (abril de 2017): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688//lc.jvolsu.2017.1.25.

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Tsuruta, Jun. "Japanese Implementation of the Basel Convention Regulating Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes". Marine Engineering 48, n.º 1 (2013): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5988/jime.48.44.

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Subramanian, V. R. "Impact of Basel convention on secondary-lead industry in economies in transition". Journal of Power Sources 67, n.º 1-2 (julho de 1997): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7753(97)02555-x.

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Ahmad Khan, Sabaa. "Clearly Hazardous, Obscurely Regulated: Lessons from the Basel Convention on Waste Trade". AJIL Unbound 114 (2020): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aju.2020.38.

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As an internationally-traded commodity, plastic waste has long followed the profitability dynamics of the global waste and recycling market, leaving in its trace a disproportionate environmental and health burden on the world's most vulnerable populations. East Asian and Pacific countries, where most globally generated plastic waste has been exported since the late 1980s, are marked by underdeveloped, inefficient, or non-existent waste management infrastructures. Despite the highly visible environmental and human health impacts of plastic pollution, the global plastic waste trade has predominantly operated outside the scope of the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal. In 2019, however, this treaty was amended to explicitly bring all but a narrow stream of plastic waste within the category of wastes controlled as “hazardous waste,” or “waste requiring special consideration.” This essay explains the international legal implications of the amendment and discusses potential challenges related to its implementation and enforcement. It argues that in order to be effective, the new plastic waste trading rules will require further legal clarity, greater transparency in plastic waste trade that is not regulated under the Convention, and stronger law enforcement cooperation between customs and environmental protection authorities, both within and between countries. Since controlling all plastic waste trade at point of export is, in practice, impossible given the state of global shipping infrastructures and container traffic volume, the most effective approach to curbing plastic waste pollution and illegal trade lies outside the mandate of the Basel Convention, notably, in assigning financial and environmental responsibility for plastic waste within plastic product supply chains.

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Yang, Shiming. "Trade for the Environment: Transboundary Hazardous Waste Movements After the Basel Convention". Review of Policy Research 37, n.º 5 (13 de junho de 2020): 713–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ropr.12386.

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Honda, Shunichi. "Activities of Japan′s Ministry of the Environment for the Basel Convention". Material Cycles and Waste Management Research 22, n.º 2 (2011): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3985/mcwmr.22.117.

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Kajiwara, Natsuko. "Basel Convention Technical Guidelines for POPs Wastes and Corresponding Case Studies in Japan". Material Cycles and Waste Management Research 29, n.º 6 (31 de dezembro de 2018): 452–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3985/mcwmr.29.452.

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Goncharova, Marina. "Basel II International Convention: General Rules on Market Discipline, Demand to Disclose Information". Legal Concept 16, n.º 2 (julho de 2017): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lc.jvolsu.2017.2.19.

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Goncharova, Marina. "Basel II International Convention: General Rules on Market Discipline, Demand to Disclose Information". Legal Concept 16, n.º 2 (julho de 2017): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688//lc.jvolsu.2017.2.19.

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Ogunseitan, Oladele A. "The Basel Convention and e-waste: translation of scientific uncertainty to protective policy". Lancet Global Health 1, n.º 6 (dezembro de 2013): e313-e314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(13)70110-4.

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31

Kummer, Katharina. "The International Regulation of Transboundary Traffic in Hazardous Wastes: the 1989 Basel Convention". International and Comparative Law Quarterly 41, n.º 3 (julho de 1992): 530–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclqaj/41.3.530.

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Krueger, Jonathan. "Prior Informed Consent and the Basel Convention: The Hazards of What Isn't Known". Journal of Environment & Development 7, n.º 2 (junho de 1998): 115–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107049659800700203.

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Adsett, Hugh, Anne Daniel, Masud Husain e Ted L. McDorman. "Compliance Committees and Recent Multilateral Environmental Agreements: The Canadian Experience with Their Negotiation and Operation". Canadian Yearbook of international Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international 42 (2005): 91–142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s006900580000850x.

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SummaryIn order to enhance and encourage compliance with obligations in multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs), states have agreed to the creation of compliance committees for all of the recent MEAs. Canada has been a strong supporter of the compliance committee experiment and an active participant in the negotiation and operation of numerous MEA compliance committees. This article does three things. First, it examines the international legal nature of the MEA compliance committees. Second, the key issues of the structure of the committees are explored. Finally, the article look at the development and operation of compliance committees pursuant to: the Montreal Protocol; the LRTAP Convention; the Espoo Convention; the Basel Convention; the Cartagena Protocol; the Rotterdam Convention; the Stockholm Convention; and the Protocol to the London Dumping Convention.

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Wirth, David A. "Trade Implications of the Basel Convention Amendment Banning North‐South Trade In Hazardous Wastes". Review of European Community & International Environmental Law 7, n.º 3 (novembro de 1998): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9388.00155.

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Krueger, Jonathan. "What's to Become of Trade in Hazardous Wastes?: The Basel Convention One Decade Later". Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development 41, n.º 9 (novembro de 1999): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00139159909605534.

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Taylor e van der Velden. "Resistance to Regulation: Failing Sustainability in Product Lifecycles". Sustainability 11, n.º 22 (19 de novembro de 2019): 6526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226526.

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International policy and law have long sought to ensure that states regulate the negative impacts of production processes on people and the planet. Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12 targets sustainable production and consumption; international conventions, such as the Basel Convention, or the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), and the International Labour Organisation Conventions, all seek to regulate toxic or labour-related impacts associated with industrial production. However, there is ample evidence that such impacts continue. At a time of increasing pressure to develop sustainable systems of production and consumption, we asked whether the existing legal frameworks are appropriate to the task of regulating for sustainability in consumer products. Drawing on research conducted into sustainability in the mobile phone lifecycle, this paper examines the regulatory ecology of hotspots of unsustainability in the product lifecycle of electronics. This paper finds that the interaction of regulatory disjunctures, business models, design of technology, and marginalisation combine to ensure that our systems of production and consumption are predisposed to resist regulation aimed at sustainability.

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Selin, Henrik. "Global Environmental Governance and Regional Centers". Global Environmental Politics 12, n.º 3 (agosto de 2012): 18–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00121.

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As global environmental governance evolves, the parties to the 1989 Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal and to the 2001 Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants have established regional centers working on capacity building and technology transfer. This article empirically explores the following questions: Why did the parties to the Basel and Stockholm Conventions establish these regional centers? What roles do the regional centers play in treaty implementation and multilevel governance? The article argues that the parties have set up regional centers in response to three partially overlapping sets of developing- and industrialized-country interests: expanding regional cooperation (both developing and industrialized countries); attracting more resources for treaty implementation (mainly developing countries); and supporting implementation projects across smaller groups of countries (mainly industrialized countries). This article finds that the regional centers collectively operate in three broad areas important to treaty implementation: raising awareness, strengthening administrative ability, and diffusing scientific and technical assistance and information. However, the ability of the regional centers to function effectively depends on access to greater resources and stronger political support. There may also be benefits to expanding regional center mandates into areas of monitoring and compliance to improve multilevel governance. Furthermore, the regional level should be given more consideration in the study of global environmental politics.

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Alter, Harvey. "The composition and environmental hazard of copper slags in the context of the Basel Convention". Resources, Conservation and Recycling 43, n.º 4 (março de 2005): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2004.05.005.

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Renckens, Stefan. "The Basel Convention, US politics, and the emergence of non-state e-waste recycling certification". International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics 15, n.º 2 (14 de junho de 2013): 141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10784-013-9220-7.

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Lin, Ro-ting. "P.1.23 Gaps between international conventions and national asbestos ban policies: a global perspective". Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (abril de 2019): A83.1—A83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.225.

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IntroductionThere is an international consensus that the most efficient way to eliminate asbestos-related diseases is to stop using asbestos. However, 80% of the global population lives in countries that lack any national policy that achieves a total ban on asbestos. We investigated whether national policies were in line with international conventions and identified countries that lag behind the global trend toward a total asbestos ban.MethodsWe obtained data on the year that each country implemented policies that ban chrysotile, crocidolite, and amosite. We also obtained the list of countries that have ratified the C162 Asbestos Convention and the Basel Convention, and their date of ratification. Data retrieved from the search databases were compiled for statistical analysis. We calculated the numbers and proportions of countries enforcing total bans, partial bans, and no bans.ResultsAs of 2018, there were 62 countries implemented the total asbestos ban policy. Countries that ratified both conventions and countries that ratified either one or unratified any convention, we found the former group had a higher proportion of implementing total ban compared to the latter group (65% vs. 41%, p-value<0.05). However, some countries, such as Russia and Kazakhstan, are still among the biggest producers of asbestos, despite they have ratified C162. Asbestos may have been consumed longer in countries not ratifying conventions than those ratifying conventions.ConclusionsHistorical asbestos consumption and loose regulations have introduced challenges to eliminate asbestos-related diseases. Although several countries have reoriented the national policy in line with the global trend of banning all types and forms of asbestos, the gap between adopting interventional conventions and developing national policies remain, warranting efforts to analyze driving forces behind successful political processes to ratify the international conventions, establish asbestos control limits, and eventually create a national policy for a total asbestos ban.

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Alter, Harvey. "Environmentally sound management of the recycling of hazardous wastes in the context of the Basel Convention". Resources, Conservation and Recycling 29, n.º 1-2 (maio de 2000): 111–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-3449(99)00061-0.

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Davis, Graham. "Trade policy implications of the Basel convention export ban on recyclables from developed to developing countries". Resources Policy 23, n.º 3 (setembro de 1997): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-4207(97)90024-6.

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Khan, Sabaa Ahmad. "E-products, E-waste and the Basel Convention: Regulatory Challenges and Impossibilities of International Environmental Law". Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law 25, n.º 2 (julho de 2016): 248–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/reel.12163.

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Gareau, Brian J., e Cristina A. Lucier. "Neoliberal restructuring of the world polity: the weakening of the Montreal Protocol and Basel Convention in historical perspective". Environmental Sociology 4, n.º 3 (12 de fevereiro de 2018): 325–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2018.1436893.

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de La Fayette, Louise. "The Marine Environment Protection Committee: The Conjunction of the Law of the Sea and International Environmental Law". International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 16, n.º 2 (2001): 155–238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180801x00072.

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AbstractThis article outlines the work of the Marine Environment Protection Committee of the International Maritime Organization in implementing measures to protect the marine environment and to conserve natural resources called for in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and international environmental law, in particular as set forth in Agenda 21 and the Rio Declaration, both products of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development. In so doing, the paper examines IMO's collaboration with other intergovernmental organisations and UN bodies, such as the FAO, UNEP, the Commission on Sustainable Development and the United Nations, as well as with the secretariats of multilateral environmental agreements, such as the Basel Convention and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Although the work of IMO is frequently overlooked because it is an older organisation, the treaties, codes and guidelines developed by the MEPC have made an essential and valuable contribution to the progressive development of international environmental law, as well as to the law of the sea.

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Meyer, Timothy. "Collective Decision-Making in International Governance". AJIL Unbound 108 (2014): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s239877230000180x.

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The traditional treaty, conceived of as a contract between states, is in decline. Recent climate change negotiations have produced nonbinding instruments such as the Copenhagen and Cancun Accords; the financial crisis prompted governments to negotiate Basel III, a nonbinding framework for global banking regulation; the nonbinding Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development’s Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises are developed countries’ primary rules governing the conduct of transnational businesses. Clouds loom on the horizon even in those areas in which the treaty’s prominence continues, such as investment and trade law. The World Trade Organization (WTO) has not reached a major agreement among its members since its founding twenty years ago, and some states have withdrawn from bilateral investment treaties or the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes Between States and National of Other States (better known as the ICSID Convention).

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Razman, Muhammad Rizal, Sakina Shaik Ahmad Yusoff, Shamsuddin Suhor, Rahmah Ismail, Azimon Abdul Aziz e Kartini Aboo Talib Khalid. "Environmental Sustainability in the Basel Convention 1989 by Adopting the Principle of Transboundary Liability Towards Protection to the Consumer". Social Sciences 7, n.º 3 (1 de março de 2012): 446–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/sscience.2012.446.451.

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Johnstone, Nick. "The implications of the Basel Convention for developing countries: the case of trade in non-ferrous metal-bearing waste". Resources, Conservation and Recycling 23, n.º 1-2 (julho de 1998): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-3449(98)00002-0.

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Pallemaerts, Marc. "Jonathan Krueger, International Trade and the Basel Convention (London: Royal Institute of International Affairs/Earthscan Publications, 1999), 133 pages". Yearbook of International Environmental Law 10, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 1999): 831–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/yiel/10.1.831.

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Pestellini, Francesca. "Free trade of hazardous wastes? Problems and prospects for the implementation of the basel convention within the european community". European Environment 2, n.º 5 (6 de julho de 2007): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eet.3320020504.

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