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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Beliefs and social norms"

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Henderson, David. "Are Epistemic Norms Fundamentally Social Norms?" Episteme 17, n.º 3 (4 de maio de 2020): 281–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/epi.2019.49.

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AbstractPeople develop and deploy epistemic norms – normative sensibilities in light of which they regulate both their individual and community epistemic practice. There is a similarity to folk's epistemic normative sensibilities – and it is by virtue of this that folk commonly can rely on each other, and even work jointly to produce systems of true beliefs – a kind of epistemic common good. Agents not only regulate their belief forming practices in light of these sensitivities, but they make clear to others that they approve or disapprove of practices as these accord with their sensibilities – they thus regulate the belief forming practices of others in an interdependent pursuit of a good – something on the order of a community stock of true beliefs. Such general observations suggest ways in which common epistemic norms function as social norms, as these are characterized by Cristina Bicchieri's (2006) discussion of various kinds of norms. I draw on this framework – together with an important elaboration in Bicchieri (2017) – as it affords an analysis of the various related ways in which normative sensibilities function in communities of interdependent agents. The framework allows one to probe how these normative sensibilities function in the various associated choice situations. I argue that epistemic norms are fundamentally social norms, and, at the same time, they also are widely shared sensibilities about state-of-the-art ways of pursuing projects of individual veritistic value. The two foundations suggest the analogy of an arch.
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Nolan, Jessica M. "The cognitive ripple of social norms communications". Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 14, n.º 5 (15 de fevereiro de 2011): 689–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430210392398.

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Social norms marketing has become a widely used technique for promoting pro-social behaviors, however, little is known about the cognitive changes produced by these interventions. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the extent and durability of changes in normative beliefs following a one-shot social norms communication. Participants were surveyed immediately following the intervention, one week later, and one month later. Results showed that (1) normative beliefs spilled over to behaviors and referents not specified in the original message; (2) communication and self-knowledge both contributed to participants’ normative belief estimates; and (3) the change in normative beliefs over the one-month period was consistent with Miller and Prentice’s (1996) theory of normative belief construction. Possible explanations for the spillover effect are discussed.
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Cookson, Darel, Daniel Jolley, Robert C. Dempsey e Rachel Povey. "“If they believe, then so shall I”: Perceived beliefs of the in-group predict conspiracy theory belief". Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 24, n.º 5 (agosto de 2021): 759–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430221993907.

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Conspiracy beliefs are widespread and can have detrimental consequences. As perceived social norms can exert a powerful influence on individuals, we investigated the relationship between perceived conspiracy belief norms and personal endorsement, and whether others’ conspiracy belief is overestimated. In Study 1, UK university students ( N = 111) completed measures of their personal conspiracy beliefs and estimations of others’ beliefs (an in-group and an out-group they chose, and a prescribed in-group). Perceived in-groups’ belief strongly predicted personal conspiracy belief; perceived out-group’s belief did not. Studies 2 and 3 replicated these findings in a British community sample ( N = 177) and in a UK parent sample ( N = 197), focusing on antivaccine conspiracy theories. All studies demonstrated that people overestimate the conspiracy beliefs of others. This is the first demonstration of the association between perceived in-group conspiracy belief social norms and individuals’ personal conspiracy beliefs. Interventions challenging misperceived norms could be effective in reducing conspiracy beliefs.
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CARTWRIGHT, EDWARD, e AMRISH PATEL. "Public Goods, Social Norms, and Naïve Beliefs". Journal of Public Economic Theory 12, n.º 2 (abril de 2010): 199–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9779.2009.01457.x.

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Li, Hongyi, e Eric Van den Steen. "Birds of a Feather … Enforce Social Norms? Interactions among Culture, Norms, and Strategy". Strategy Science 6, n.º 2 (junho de 2021): 166–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/stsc.2021.0129.

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Does culture eat strategy for breakfast? This paper investigates the interactions among corporate culture, norms, and strategy, in order to better understand this issue and related questions. It first shows, through microfoundations, how the forces that drive toward “culture as shared beliefs and preferences” also cause the emergence of social norms (when these beliefs and preferences are unobservable), with people even endogenously enforcing norms that go against their own beliefs and preferences. The latter effect may cause a disconnect between the organization’s norms and its underlying beliefs and preferences. The paper then makes predictions on the kinds of shared beliefs, preferences, and norms that are likely to emerge, and when they are most likely to emerge. It shows, for example, that social norms are more likely in attractive organizations, for behaviors that have modest personal consequences, and on dimensions along which employees depend on others’ choices to a moderate degree. Building on these insights and on the definition of “strategy as core guidance,” we finally discuss how corporate culture and strategy interact. We show, in particular, how culture is not just an input into strategy but also a direct substitute for strategy and often even a competitor. The results throw light on ways to deal with the “breakfast” issue.
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Joven Romero, Marco Antonio. "Belief and pluralistic ignorance". Filosofia Unisinos 21, n.º 3 (25 de novembro de 2020): 260–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4013/fsu.2020.213.03.

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Pluralistic ignorance is usually analyzed in terms of social norms. Recently, Bjerring, Hansen and Pedersen (2014) describe and define this phenomenon in terms of beliefs, actions and evidence. Here I apply a basic epistemic approach to belief – believers consider their beliefs to be true –, a basic pragmatic approach to belief – beliefs are useful for believers – and a mixed epistemic-pragmatic approach – believers consider their believes to be true and such considerations are useful – to pluralistic ignorance phenomena. For that, I take the definition given by Bjerring et al. (2014).Keywords: Truth, pragmatism, epistemic belief, pragmatic belief.
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Morsky, Bryce, e Erol Akçay. "Evolution of social norms and correlated equilibria". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, n.º 18 (11 de abril de 2019): 8834–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1817095116.

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Social norms regulate and coordinate most aspects of human social life, yet they emerge and change as a result of individual behaviors, beliefs, and expectations. A satisfactory account for the evolutionary dynamics of social norms, therefore, has to link individual beliefs and expectations to population-level dynamics, where individual norms change according to their consequences for individuals. Here, we present a model of evolutionary dynamics of social norms that encompasses this objective and addresses the emergence of social norms. In this model, a norm is a set of behavioral prescriptions and a set of environmental descriptions that describe the expected behaviors of those with whom the norm holder will interact. These prescriptions and descriptions are functions of exogenous environmental events. These events have no intrinsic meaning or effect on the payoffs to individuals, yet beliefs/superstitions regarding them can effectuate coordination. Although a norm’s prescriptions and descriptions are dependent on one another, we show how they emerge from random accumulations of beliefs. We categorize the space of social norms into several natural classes and study the evolutionary competition between these classes of norms. We apply our model to the Game of Chicken and the Nash Bargaining Game. Furthermore, we show how the space of norms and evolutionary stability are dependent on the correlation structure of the environment and under which such correlation structures social dilemmas can be ameliorated or exacerbated.
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Patel, Amrish, e Edward Cartwright. "Naïve Beliefs and the Multiplicity of Social Norms". Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics 168, n.º 2 (2012): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/093245612800933942.

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Vesely, Stepan, e Christian A. Klöckner. "Global Social Norms and Environmental Behavior". Environment and Behavior 50, n.º 3 (11 de abril de 2017): 247–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916517702190.

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We adopt a recently introduced incentivized method to elicit widely shared beliefs concerning (a) social norms, (b) environmental effect, and (c) difficulty of a wide range of environmental behaviors. We establish that these characteristics, as reflected in elicited beliefs recorded in one sample, predict (out-of-sample) environmental behaviors in a second separate sample. Pro-environmental behaviors perceived to be more socially appropriate and easier to perform, in particular, are more likely to be chosen. We show that subjective social norms mediate the effect of “global” (widely shared) social norms on behavior, which improves our understanding of the normative processes underlying pro-environmental action. Our use of an incentivized elicitation method might moreover mitigate problems associated with conventional surveys, such as social desirability bias, consistency bias, and inattentive responding, as discussed in the article.
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Trinh, Linda, Ryan E. Rhodes e Shon M. Ryan. "GENDER DIFFERENCES IN BELIEF-BASED TARGETS FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY INTERVENTION AMONG ADOLESCENTS". Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 36, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2008): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2008.36.1.77.

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This Study elicited salient Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991) beliefs about physical activity among adolescents (Study 1) and then used these beliefs to evaluate gender differences in intention and behavior (Study 2). Study 1 was conducted with a sample (N = 25) of Canadian adolescents, followed by Study 2 (N = 157) where participants completed measures of intention, behavioral, normative, and control beliefs and a one-month follow-up of physical activity behavior. For belief-behavior relationships, boys had larger correlations for control beliefs about schoolwork, other plans, and weather, compared to girls who reported larger correlations for norms from friends (p < .05). Belief-behavior correlation differences by gender were identified that may signal important tailoring in physical activity interventions for adolescents.
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Mais fontes

Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Beliefs and social norms"

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McAlaney, John, e J. McMahon. "Normative beliefs, misperceptions, and heavy episodic drinking in a British student sample". Rutgers University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/2798.

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Yes
Objective: Numerous studies have demonstrated the existence and effect of normative misperceptions on heavy episodic drinking behavior. However, there has been little work on these processes or application of normative-belief interventions outside the U.S. college system. The aim of the current study, therefore, was to investigate heavy episodic drinking and normative misperceptions in a U.K. university setting. Method: An email containing a link to a survey Web site was distributed to all current undergraduate students at the University of Paisley, Scotland. In addition to age and gender questions, the survey contained items on students¿ personal behavior and perception of the level of that behavior in three groups of increasing social distance: close friends, other students of the same age, and other people of the same age in U.K. society in general. Results: Completed surveys from 500 respondents were returned. In keeping with previous research, significant correlations were found between the respondents¿ behavior and the perception of that behavior in others, with beliefs about the most proximal individuals being the most strongly correlated. The majority of respondents were also found to overestimate alcohol consumption in other students. An age effect was noted, in which misperceptions appeared to decrease with age but did not vary between genders. Conclusions: The findings of the study indicate that the normative-belief alcohol consumption processes that have been found on U.S. college campuses also operate in U.K. university settings. This raises the possibility of applying social-norms interventions from the United States to the United Kingdom and potentially elsewhere in the world. Furthermore, the study noted apparent age effects in the degree of misperception, the implications of which are discussed
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Al, Rifai Aroub A. Y. "Stakeholders and corporate philanthropy of non-economic nature in a developing country of intense Islamic beliefs, values and norms : an institutional framework". Thesis, Brunel University, 2013. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7647.

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The widespread use of Corporate Philanthropy (CP) in the US and the UK has resulted in a significant body of literature on the phenomena and its use. However, the literature generated around CP is criticised for being of an economic nature and for being biased toward the context of developed Western countries. This thesis suggests that the context of developing countries is important in relation to the non-economic nature of CP, due to the existence of intense religious beliefs and values. However, there has been little attempt to explicitly examine how the institutional pressures within this context shape the CP of a non-economic and more precisely of an altruistic nature, and how firms act in response to these influences. This thesis leverages institutional theory by proposing that stakeholders – including communities, competitors, NGOs and politicians – may impose coercive and mimetic pressures encouraging isomorphic field-level CP of a non-economic nature in a context of intense Islamic beliefs, values and norms. However, the way in which firms perceive and act upon these pressures may differ depending on specific factors related to the firm itself, including the identity of the firm, the competitive position of the firm, and shareholder pressures. These differences between firms result in the adoption of different CP strategies as decided by each firm, expressing its appropriate responses to field pressures. This study uses a qualitative methodology using data collected from 27 of the key personnel responsible for CP decisions (shareholders and managers) in the Kuwaiti banking sector. Questions were developed to assess the relationships between institutional pressures at the field and organisational levels of analysis. Data was collected through multiple sources such as in-depth interviews, documentation, and archival records. The contributions of the thesis are in relation to: a) the institutional theory; b) gaining more understanding of CP in developing countries; C) offering a robust understanding of altruistic CP influenced by an Islamic context; and d) practical implementations of CP in Islamic banks.
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Pierre, Jean Abel. "Sociologie économique de la corruption : Vers une étude de l'implémentation des politiques publiques de lutte contre la corruption en Haïti". Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040089/document.

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La corruption est une thématique récurrente dans les agendas publics des pays en voie de développement. En Haïti, elle fait l’objet, depuis la fin des années 1980, d’une préoccupation nationale et d’un ensemble de mesures juridico-légales par les pouvoirs publics qui cherchent peu ou prou à l’éradiquer. Cependant, plus de trois décennies après, elle constitue encore un phénomène social persistant qui semble participer de la structuration des rapports entre les individus et les groupes de la société en général, et de l’administration publique en particulier. Cette thèse se propose d’expliquer la récurrence des phénomènes de corruption dans l’administration publique haïtienne. Elle démontre que les processus d’inscription de la corruption aux agendas publics, c’est-à-dire la manière dont le phénomène a acquis le statut de problème public, participent à la construction des perceptions, croyances ou représentations (PCR) fortes sur son existence. Dans une relation de détermination réciproque, de telles PCR influencent le choix des fonctionnaires et des contribuables d’entrer dans des transactions corruptives. A partir, entre autres, de l’examen des formes de justification langagières, nous procédons à une extraction du sens des pratiques corruptives pour les individus en reconstituant leur système de raisons à exécuter des pratiques qu’ils jugent pourtant, pour la plupart, inacceptables. En complément à ce premier moment d’analyse, nous examinons les mécanismes de la corruption en mettant en lumière la nature et la structure des réseaux d’allégeance personnelle et politique qui se permutent, dans les circonstances qui sont celles de l’administration publique, en réseaux de corruption
Corruption is a recurring theme in public agendas of developing countries. In Haiti, since the late 1980s, it has been subject of a national concern and a set of legal actions by the public authorities trying more or less to eradicate it. However, more than three decades later, it is still a persistent social phenomenon that seems to participate in structuring relationships between individuals and groups in the society in general and public administration in particular. This study aims to explain the widespread recurrence of corruption in the Haitian public administration. It demonstrates that the agenda-setting process of corruption, that is the way the phenomenon has acquired the status of a public issue, participates in the construction of strong perceptions, beliefs or representations (PCR) on its very existence. In a reciprocal determination relationship, such PCR influence the choice of officials and taxpayers to enter into corrupt transactions. Based on the examination of different forms of verbal justification, we extract the meaning of individuals’ actions by restoring their system of reasons in executing actions that they consider yet, for the most, unacceptable. In addition to that analysis, we examine the mechanisms of corruption by highlighting the nature and structure of personal and political affiliation networks, which change into corruption networks in circumstances such as those of the public administration
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Le, Grand Tchagnéno Téné Charles. "Analyse des déterminants sociocognitifs de l'intention de s'engager dans les programmes de restructuration du travail informel au Cameroun". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAH005.

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Cette thèse a un double objectif : évaluer la pertinence théorique du modèle du comportement planifié dans le contexte camerounais et valider un modèle intégratif d’explication de l’intention de s’engager dans des programmes de restructuration du travail informel. Nous sommes parti du constat d’un décalage entre la mobilisation croissante en vue de formaliser les activités informelles et leur paradoxale persistance dans les pays en voie de développement en général et au Cameroun en particulier. Il est question de comprendre pourquoi les acteurs du travail informel adhèrent peu aux politiques publiques en faveur dudit secteur.La littérature sur le travail informel l’aborde comme une catégorie d’analyse (Busso, 2005) et a tendance à expliquer l’échec des programmes par des causes exogènes, socioéconomiques et politiques. De ce fait, elle néglige l’importance de la dimension psychosociale dans l’implémentation des politiques publiques et l’accompagnement du changement. L’échec des programmes successifs initiés au Cameroun en vue de restructurer le travail informel justifie l’intérêt d’étudier les déterminants sociocognitifs de l’engagement dans lesdits programmes. En nous appuyant sur les modèles cognitivo-comportementaux, nous nous attendons à ce que les représentations, les croyances et les perceptions puissent permettre de mieux comprendre les intentions des acteurs du ce secteur à s’engager dans les programmes de restructuration dudit travail. Plusieurs approches théoriques sont ainsi mobilisés. La théorie des représentations sociales (Jodelet, 1996), la théorie du comportement planifié (Ajzen, 2015), la théorie du comportement orienté par un but (Locke & Latham, 2002) entre autres.Sept études ont été réalisées. La première explore les représentations sociales du travail informel et des programmes visant sa restructuration. Les six autres études sont empiriques. Elles explorent les liens entre représentations sociales, croyances et attitudes des travailleurs informels et des promoteurs d’unités de production informelles (études 2 et 3). Elles évaluent également la pertinence théorique du modèle du comportement planifié tout comme le rôle médiateur du désir (Bagozzi, 1992) entre l’intention comportementale et ses déterminants (études 4 et 5). Dans les études 6 et 7 sont évaluées l’impact de la connaissance, de la crédibilité perçue des programmes et des acteurs chargés de les piloter, ainsi que la perception de l’information sur l’intention. Les hypothèses sont vérifiées auprès de deux échantillons (travailleurs informels, N =337, et promoteurs d’unités de production informelle, N = 175, respectivement). Le modèle global est évalué.Les résultats confortent les hypothèses de la thèse. Malgré la pertinence du modèle du comportement planifié dans l’explication de l’intention de s’engager dans les programmes, l’intégration de variables nouvelles dans un modèle intégratif permet d’améliorer de façon significative la variance expliquée de l’intention. En effet, cette variance passe de 52.40% à 76% chez les travailleurs informels et de 44% à 78.30% chez les promoteurs d’unités de production informelle avec la prise en compte de ces variables supplémentaires. Par ailleurs, les résultats montrent que la connaissance des programmes joue un rôle prépondérant non seulement dans l’explication de l’intention, mais également de l’attitude. Ces résultats vont dans le sens des travaux antérieurs (Radovic & Hasking, 2013). La crédibilité perçue des programmes apparait aussi comme un déterminant majeur de l’intention chez les travailleurs informels alors qu’elle l’est moins chez les promoteurs d’UPI. Chez ces derniers, on note un effet élevé de la perception de l’information sur l’intention de s’engager dans les programmes de restructuration du travail informel. Ces résultats sont aussi consonants avec la littérature (Lunemberg, 2011) qui soutient que le désir est le déterminant proximal de l’intention
This thesis has a double objective: to evaluate the theoretical pertinence of the planned behaviour theory (PBT) in the Cameroonian context and to validate an integrative explanatory model of the intention of engaging in the informal work sector restructuring programs. Our stating point was the observation of the distance that exists between the increasing mobilisation towards the formalisation of informal activities and their paradoxical persistence in developing countries in general and particularly in Cameroon. Our preoccupation is to understand why the informal work actors refuse to adhere to public policies in favour of the said sector. Which psycho-social variables could justify their intention and consequentLiterature on the informal work considers it as a category of analysis (Busso, 2005) and has the tendency of explaining the failure of programs by external, socioeconomic and political causes. By doing so, they neglect the psycho-social dimension in the implementation of public policies and the accompaniment of change. The successive failure of programs initiated in Cameroon in order to restructure the informal work justifies the interest towards socio-cognitive determinants of engagement in the said programs. Based on the cognitions-behaviours models, we expect that the representations, beliefs and perceptions could help in the understanding of the intentions of the actors to engage in informal work restructuring programs. Therefore, prediction models of behaviour have been mobilised in order to discern those socio-cognitive factors that can likely explain those intentions. Several theoretical approaches have been used in this framework. These include: the theory of social representations (Jodelet, 1996), the theory of planned behaviour (Ajzen, 2015), the goal oriented behaviour theory (Locke & Latham, 2002), etc.Seven studies have been realised. The first one which is exploratory, analyses the social representations of the informal work and the programs geared towards its reorganization. The six other studies are empirical. They analyse the relationship between social representations, beliefs and attitudes respectively of the informal workers and the informal business promoters (studies 2 and 3); they evaluate the theoretical pertinence of the planned behaviour model just as the mediator role of the desire (Bagozzi, 1992) between the behavioural intention and its determinants (studies 4 and 5). In the 6th and 7th studies are evaluated the impact of the knowledge, the perceived credibility of the programs and the actors in charge of piloting them, as well as the perception of information about those programs on the intention. The hypotheses are verified on two samples (337 informal workers and 175 informal business promoters respectively). The global model is evaluated.The results reinforce the thesis. Despite the pertinence of the planned behaviour model in the explanation of the intention of engaging in the programs, the integration of new variables improve significantly the explained variance of the intention. Indeed, this variance goes from 52.40% to 76% among informal workers and from 44% to 78.30% among informal business promoters. Moreover, the results show that knowledge of programs plays a major role not only in explaining the intention, but also in the attitude. These results are in line with previous works (Radovic & Hasking, 2013). The perceived credibility of the programs appears also as a major determinant of the intention among informal workers while it is less among informal work promoters. Among the latter, there is quite a high effect of the perception of information on the intention of engaging in the informal work restructuring programs. These results are also consistent with the literature (Lunenberg, 2011) which considers the desire as the proximate determinant of the intention
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Ncitakalo, Nolusindiso. "Socio-cultural influences in decision making involving sexual behaviour among adolescents in Khayelitsha, Cape Town". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8419_1307434451.

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The aim of the study was to explore the socio-cultural influences in decision making involving sexual behaviour among adolescents in Khayelitsha, Cape Town. Cultural beliefs associated with adolescents&rsquo
decision to become sexually active were explored, as well as the social norms influences involved in adolescents&rsquo
sexual behaviour. The theoretical framework used for the study was Bronfenbrenner&rsquo
s ecological systems theory of development. The results indicated that adolescent pregnancy was perceived as unacceptable behaviour although found widespread in communities. Social influences such as peer influence, low socioeconomic status, alcohol use and lack of parental supervision were found to play a role in adolescents&rsquo
risky sexual behaviour. Cultural beliefs, cultural myths and social norms were identified as socio-cultural influences that endorsed issues such as gender disparities, which made adolescent mothers vulnerable. Findings from this study suggest that female adolescents are faced with sexual behaviour complexities.

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Al-Amri, Jehad. "An analysis of the influence of cultural backgrounds of individuals upon their perspective towards privacy within internet activities". Thesis, De Montfort University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/9028.

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Concern about privacy is an important consideration for users of information and communication technologies (ICT), particularly when using computer-mediated communication (CMC), i.e. Internet usage. Several researchers have studied privacy issues by taking into account the views of users to include individuals, organisations, privacy policy makers, governments and trust organisations. This thesis investigates whether an individual's perspectives about privacy are culturally relevant when using the Internet. This research used a survey in the form of a questionnaire in two countries, namely, Saudi Arabia and Malaysia to compare online privacy perspectives of young and mature (male and female) Saudi and Malaysian students. The research examines the relationship of the effect of the cultural background including the effect of social norms, religious belief, Internet regulation and IT skills of these Internet users upon their attitude towards privacy online and their perspectives about privacy. It also examines the effect of nationality (Malaysian and Saudi), gender and age groups. In this study, online privacy perspectives are a synthesis of three perceptions; what is 'personal' information online, the online privacy concerns and the Internet trust, whereby the cultural effects are the effect of religious beliefs, social norms, Internet regulation and IT skills in the privacy attitudes of keeping personal information safe, caring about their and others' privacy online and when revealing personal information. The demographic factors in this research are nationality, gender and age. To study these relationships, the research uses t-test, ANOVA, and single regression methods as data analysis techniques. The results show that the level of concern and degree of trust exhibited by Malaysian students with regard to submitting personal information via the Internet was affected the most by their gender, and social norms upon their online privacy attitudes. For Saudi students, the level of concern and trust with regard to submitting personal information via the Internet was found to be related to the effect of their age, gender, and religious beliefs on their online privacy attitudes. The other cultural factors, i.e. Internet regulation in force in each country and the IT skills of participants, are likely to have equal effects on both Malaysian and Saudi privacy perspectives. This research adds the cultural background, age and gender effects to the model of the calculus of the privacy concern that is proposed by Dinev and Hart (2006, pp. 63-64). The research also establishes what is 'private' in Malaysia and Saudi Arabia, by identifying 'what counts as personal information with regard to Internet users' and provides a comparison in this concept between the two countries, their gender and age groups. For examples, Malaysian students consider name, e-mail address, date of birth, nationality and religion as 'personal' information and Saudi students consider home address, phone number, photographic image and credit card number as 'personal' information. In addition Saudi females tend to consider, particularly, home address, phone number, and photographic image as 'personal' information more than Saudi males. These findings should help both web designers and Internet policy makers in Saudi Arabia and Malaysia to consider these cultural effects when designing the privacy policies of their websites.
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Fraser, John Robert. "An Examination of Environmental Collective Identity Development Across Three Life-stages: The Contribution of Social Public Experiences at Zoos". [Yellow Springs, Ohio] : Antioch University, 2009. http://etd.ohiolink.edu/view.cgi?acc_num=antioch1244223241.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Antioch University New England, 2009.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed July 10, 2009). "A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Environmental Studies at Antioch University New England (2009)."--The title page. Advisor: Thomas N. Webler, Ph. D. Includes bibliographical references (p. 210-211).
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Lawrence, Michelle. "Exploring attitudes of University students towards seeking psychological counselling". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3327.

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Magister Psychologiae - MPsych
Student counselling services, typically located within a holistic developmental approach, aim to render comprehensive student services to service users in relation to their psychological, social,educational and spiritual well-being. However, a number of cognitive and affective barriers reportedly reduce the likelihood of young people at universities seeking professional psychological help for personal-emotional problems. Accordingly, the aim of this study, which is located within the Theory of Reasoned Action, was to explore students’ attitudes towards utilising student counselling services, as well as their interpretations of the influence of age, gender and education on their attitudes and self-rated knowledge regarding seeking psychological help. The study thereby attempts to provide an understanding of the factors that influence help-seeking behaviours in university students. The research sample consisted of twenty nine students from the Cape Peninsula University of Technology. The data was collected through focus group discussions, which were conducted using an open-ended and participantcentred approach to the discussion. The qualitative approach of the study was informed by the theory of social phenomenology. Data gathered from the focus group discussions was thematically analysed. The results suggest that attitudes have a potentially important influence on intentions to seek out psychological counselling. Findings show that students feel shame and guilt when they are struggling psychologically and as a result avoid seeking psychological intervention for fear of being negatively stigmatised. The study revealed that education around mental health disorders and the management thereof was crucial in order for them to be demystified and de-stigmatised, and to facilitate openness in the sharing of these problems, and society’s understanding and acceptance of people experiencing psychological disorders. Results also indicate that there is a shift taking place in these attitudes, and suggest ways in which this change can be further facilitated, such as the utilisation of peer helpers who could play a key role in facilitating and reinforcing help seeking behaviour. The outcomes of the study may further contribute to informing universities’ goal to provide accessible, quality and effective development and support services to its students.
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Dumay, Raquel. "Les effets de masquage dans l'expression de la représentation sociale des immigrés. : étude du rôle de quelques facteurs intervenant dans la (dé)légitimation et le (dé)masquage de croyances pro et contre-normatives". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3007.

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On s'intéresse dans le cadre de ce travail de thèse aux variables susceptibles de favoriser ou d'inhiber l'expression de croyances contre-normatives intervenant dans le champ de la représentation sociale des immigrés. On étudie plus précisément l'impact de la protection normative accordée à ce groupe social, de la capacité d'adaptation à leur société d'accueil qui leur est attribuée mais également de la filière universitaire d'appartenance des sujets interrogés sur les stratégies sociocognitives de masquage et de démasquage mises en place dans l'expression de la représentation. On s'attend à ce que ces trois facteurs interagissent avec la variable consigne de passation, en atténuant voire en annulant dans certains cas les différences classiquement observées entre les conditions où les sujets répondent en leur nom propre (hypothèse de masquage) et celles où ils s'expriment au nom d'un autrui de substitution (hypothèse de démasquage). Les résultats des recherches empiriques révèlent comme prévu des effets différenciés de la variable consigne de passation selon les modalités des facteurs testés, confirmant l'implication de processus d'ordre normatif dans les effets de la substitution. En outre, les liens observés entre protection normative attribuée aux immigrés et capacité d'adaptation perçue confirment l'existence de logiques de justification et de légitimation qui semblent présider à l'orchestration des phénomènes de masquage et de démasquage dans l'expression des représentations sociales de groupes minoritaires
We are interested in the context of this Phd thesis to the variables that can facilitate or inhibit the expression of counter-normative beliefs working in the field of social representation of immigrants. We study more precisely the impact of normative protection given to this social group, the perceived ability to adapt to their host society they are assigned but also the academic affiliation of respondents on the socio-cognitive strategies of masking and unmasking set place in the expression of representation. It is expected that these three factors interact with the answering instruction, mitigating or even cancelling in some cases the differences typically observed between conditions where subjects respond in their own name (masking hypothesis) and those where they express an opinion on behalf of a substitute other (unmasking hypothesis). The results of empirical research show as expected differential effects of the answering instruction under the terms of the factors tested, confirming the involvement of a normative process in the effects of substitution. Moreover, the observed associations between normative protection granted to immigrants and their perceived adaptability confirm the existence of justification and legitimation processes that seem to govern the orchestration of the phenomena of masking and unmasking in the expression of social representation about minority groups
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Dahlin, Larsson Pethra. "VEM HÖR TILL? : Eller inte?" Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-19707.

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Over the past two decades, trends of integration processes in terms of citizens of different ethnicities, different gender and different sexual belongings, etc. has grown thanks to debates and new legislations. A marginalized and discriminated group in society such as women, immigrants, homosexuals, transsexuals and people with disabilities during this time has gained momentum in the community. The curiosity over whether these developments have changed our attitudes and values to the world around us, and if so how, is the reason for this master's thesis in disability studies. The Swedish development forms the basis for my belief on a younger generation of people who would be more tolerant than previous generations, in terms of what is considered to belong to the norm in our society, or not. The purpose of this study is therefore to increase knowledge about what beliefs young people today have about people with disabilities. The questions that the study is based on are: What does young people characterizes as a normal  or an abnormal human being? What thoughts do young people have about the people who deviate from the norm? What beliefs do they have regarding people with disabilities? To achieve the objective, the choice has fallen on a qualitative approach. Empirical data were collected through a focus group of four 18-year-olds, where they based on specific themes, have associated and discussed freely. For the processing and interpretation of the data collection, Moscovici (1984) theory of social representations has been used. By interpreting the focus groups discussions, the result shows that people with disabilities still are highly regarded and treated as people who should be "corrected" by the individual / medical model.
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Livros sobre o assunto "Beliefs and social norms"

1

Inglehart, Ronald. Human values and beliefs: A cross-cultural sourcebook : political, religious, sexual, and economic norms in 43 societies ... Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1998.

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2

Miguel, Basáñez, e Menéndez Moreno Alejandro, eds. Human values and beliefs: A cross-cultural sourcebook : political, religious, sexual, and economic norms in 43 societies ; findings from the 1990-1993 world value survey. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1998.

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3

Law and social norms. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2000.

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4

Xenitidou, Maria, e Bruce Edmonds, eds. The Complexity of Social Norms. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05308-0.

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Silver, Brian D. Political beliefs of the Soviet citizen: Sources of support for regime norms. Urbana, Ill: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1985.

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6

Carpenter, Jeffrey P. Social reciprocity. Bonn, Germany: IZA, 2004.

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7

Norms and practices. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2009.

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8

Burda, Michael. Total work, gender and social norms. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.

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9

Institutions, social norms, and economic development. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Harwood Academic Publishers, 2000.

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10

Burda, Michael C. Total work, gender and social norms. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Beliefs and social norms"

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Bicchieri, Cristina, e Hugo Mercier. "Norms and Beliefs: How Change Occurs". In The Complexity of Social Norms, 37–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05308-0_3.

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Pereira, Annelyse. "When Beliefs Become Stronger than Norms: Paradoxical Expressions of Intergroup Prejudice". In The Social Developmental Construction of Violence and Intergroup Conflict, 121–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42727-0_6.

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Arló-Costa, Horacio, e Arthur Paul Pedersen. "Social Norms, Rational Choice and Belief Change". In Belief Revision meets Philosophy of Science, 163–212. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9609-8_8.

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Young, H. Peyton. "Social Norms". In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1–7. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_2338-1.

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Rowlingson, Karen, Ricky Joseph e Louise Overton. "Social Norms". In Inter-generational Financial Giving and Inequality, 179–216. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95047-8_6.

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Young, H. Peyton. "Social Norms". In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 12591–97. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95189-5_2338.

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Fanton, Marcos, Bruno Pinheiro Costa e Juliano Pires da Rosa. "Social Norms". In Encyclopedia of Business and Professional Ethics, 1–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23514-1_1057-1.

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Elsenbroich, Corinna, e Nigel Gilbert. "Social Construction of Knowledge". In Modelling Norms, 163–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7052-2_12.

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Elsenbroich, Corinna, e Nigel Gilbert. "Punishment and Social Norms". In Modelling Norms, 95–102. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7052-2_6.

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Elsenbroich, Corinna, e Nigel Gilbert. "Imitation and Social Norms". In Modelling Norms, 103–14. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7052-2_7.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Beliefs and social norms"

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Russenberger, M., H. Bjornlund e W. Xu. "Exploring links between policy preferences for water reallocation and beliefs, values, attitudes, and social norms in Alberta, Canada". In WATER AND SOCIETY 2011. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ws110101.

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Lonski, Jennifer Sanguiliano, Laurinda Lott e Hank Van Putten. "PRINCIPLES FOR HOW WE TREAT EACH OTHER: EQUITABLE CONVERSATIONS IN OUR EDUCATIONAL AND PERSONAL SPACES". In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end151.

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Educators have the unique opportunity to promote equity, change, and social justice ideals to an entire generation. Through daily lessons, classroom norms, and beliefs, classroom teachers can disrupt inequity among students. The Peace and Justice Institute (PJI) at Valencia College has worked with approximately 140 educators through the week-long PJI Teachers Academy over the past three years. This workshop explores the basis of the PJI philosophy, the Principles for How We Treat Each Other: Our Practice of Respect and Community Building (PJI Principles), and discusses social justice practices and norms that research indicates support equity and inclusion in the classroom. This workshop will begin with a brief introduction to the Peace and Justice Institute and the presenter backgrounds. Research has indicated that the practice of reading the PJI Principles aloud, discussing them with members of the community, and focusing on application impacts the way we communicate with each other in our personal and professional spaces. In this session participants will read the PJI Principles aloud, hearing the voices of their online community as they discuss the implications of a standard set of norms. Following the initial reading, the presenters will dive deeper into three of the principles, working with participants to explore practical applications of the PJI Principles. With the understanding that social change towards equity and justice can begin with teachers and their classrooms, this workshop will conclude with research regarding personal and professional change related to the PJI Principles. This presentation is open to all participants.
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Wahyuni, Chatarina Umbul, Erni Astutik e Imelda F. E. Manurung. "The Association of Family Characteristics and Local Support (Servant Leadership) in Tb Case Finding among People Living with Hiv Aids in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia". In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.41.

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Background: HIV still becomes major global public health problem in the world. People living with HIV AIDS can suffer opportunistic infection, for example Tuberculosis. The role of family and local support is important to prevent opportunistic infection. The study aimed to determine the association between family characteristics and local support (servant leadership) to find TB case in People Living with HIV AIDS. Subjects and Method: This was a case control study conducted in Kupang city, East Nusa Tenggara, in July 2020. A sample of 100 people consisted of 50 cases and 50 control was selected by purposive sampling. We measured family characteristics and local support (servant leadership (altruistic calling, emotional healing, wisdom, persuasive or motivation) and social modals (beliefs, norms, networks). Data was analyzed by using multivariate logistics regression. Results: The study subjects who did not work had 4.76 times odds of having a higher perception of local support for altruistic calling domain (AOR= 4.76; 95% CI= 1.09 to 20.91; p= 0.039). the study subjects who did not work (AOR= 4.64; 95% CI= 1.07 to 20.03; p= 0.040), worked as entrepreneurs (AOR= 4.69; 95% CI= 1.17 to 18.82; p= 0.029), had a junior high school education (AOR= 6.41; 95% CI= 1.33 to 30.94, p= 0.021), had a senior high school education (AOR= 3.47; 95% CI= 1.16 to 10.41; p= 0.0260) had higher local support for emotional healing domain. The unemployed study subjects had 5.04 times odds of having higher perceptions of local support for persuasive or motivation domain (AOR= 5.04; 95% CI= 1.07 to 23.64; p= 0.041). Conclusion: Family characteristics have significant relationship with perceptions of local support. The government needs to seek the role of family and local support in preventing opportunistic tuberculosis infection in people living with HIV AIDS. Keywords: family, local support, servant leadership, social modal, HIV AIDS, Tuberculosis, PLWHA Correspondence: Chatarina Umbul Wahyuni. Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga. Email: chatrin03@yahoo.com. Mobile: +6281803298525. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.41
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Dym, Brianna, e Casey Fiesler. "When Social Norms Fail". In GROUP '20: The 2020 ACM International Conference on Supporting Group Work. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3323994.3369881.

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Kremer, Robert. "Implementing Social Norms Using Policies". In 2009 International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cse.2009.229.

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Israni, Aarti, Sheena Erete e Che L. Smith. "Snitches, Trolls, and Social Norms". In CSCW '17: Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998238.

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Allison, Kimberley R. "Social Norms in Online Communities". In CHI '18: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3170427.3173032.

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Carlucci, Fabio Maria, Lorenzo Nardi, Luca Iocchi e Daniele Nardi. "Explicit representation of social norms for social robots". In 2015 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iros.2015.7353970.

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Xiao, Lu, e Taraneh Khazaei. "Changing Others' Beliefs Online". In SMSociety '19: International Conference on Social Media and Society. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3328529.3328549.

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Upal, M. Afzal. "The Structure of False Social Beliefs". In 2007 IEEE Symposium on Artificial Life. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/alife.2007.367807.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Beliefs and social norms"

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Carter, Becky. Women’s and Girls’ Experiences of Security and Justice in Somaliland. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), fevereiro de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.077.

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This rapid review seeks to provide an overview of the publicly available literature from the academic, donor, and non-government organisation sources on women’s and girls’ experiences of statutory and customary security and justice in Somaliland. In Somaliland women and girls experience poor security, with high rates of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV), and significant barriers to gender equality in the pluralistic legal system. The predominant clan-based customary justice system, along with conservative social norms and religious beliefs, discriminates against women and girls, while weak formal state institutions are not able to deliver accessible and effective justice for vulnerable and marginalised groups. Social stigma silences SGBV survivors and their families, with many rape crimes resolved through customary compensation or marriage. National and international organisations have undertaken various activities to promote gender equality in security and justice, with support provided to formal and informal security and justice institutions and actors at national and local levels, as well as initiatives to empower women and girls.
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Burda, Michael, Daniel Hamermesh e Philippe Weil. Total Work, Gender and Social Norms. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, março de 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13000.

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Acemoglu, Daron, e Matthew Jackson. Social Norms and the Enforcement of Laws. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, agosto de 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w20369.

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Ding, Wenzhi, Ross Levine, Chen Lin e Wensi Xie. Competition Laws, Norms and Corporate Social Responsibility. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, julho de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27493.

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Andreoni, James, e Alison Sanchez. Do Beliefs Justify Actions or Do Actions Justify Beliefs? An Experiment on Stated Beliefs, Revealed Beliefs, and Social-Image Manipulation. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, outubro de 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w20649.

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Bursztyn, Leonardo, Georgy Egorov e Stefano Fiorin. From Extreme to Mainstream: How Social Norms Unravel. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, maio de 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23415.

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Hillenbrand, Emily, e Maureen Miruka. Gender and social norms in Agriculture: A review. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896293649_02.

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Glaeser, Edward, e Bruce Sacerdote. Aggregation Reversals and the Social Formation of Beliefs. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, abril de 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13031.

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De Filippis, Roberta, Antonio Guarino, Philippe Jehiel e Toru Kitagawa. Updating ambiguous beliefs in a social learning experiment. IFS, maio de 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/wp.cem.2016.1816.

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De Filippis, Roberta, Toru Kitagawa, Philippe Jehiel e Antonio Guarino. Updating ambiguous beliefs in a social learning experiment. The IFS, março de 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/wp.cem.2017.1317.

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