Bibliografias temáticas / Bridge constructions

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Bridge constructions"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 1 de fevereiro de 2022

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Bridge constructions"

Leuschner, Torsten. "Concessive conditionals as a family of constructions". Belgian Journal of Linguistics, Volume 34 (2020) 34 (31 de dezembro de 2020): 235–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bjl.00049.leu.

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Abstract This squib sketches an approach to concessive conditionals (CCs) from the perspective of Radical Construction Grammar (Croft 2001). It brings earlier functional-typological work on CCs to bear on language-particular constructionist analyses of CCs, using the notions of ‘family (of constructions)’ and ‘prototype’ as the bridge. After suggesting how these notions can be applied to CCs under a functional-typological approach, the structure of the CC sub-constructicon in German is discussed, and directions for future research are offered to round the squib off.

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Beentjes, Casper H. L. "Optimising Poisson bridge constructions for variance reduction methods". Monte Carlo Methods and Applications 27, n.º 3 (1 de junho de 2021): 249–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mcma-2021-2090.

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Abstract In this paper we discuss different Monte Carlo (MC) approaches to generate unit-rate Poisson processes and provide an analysis of Poisson bridge constructions, which form the discrete analogue of the well-known Brownian bridge construction for a Wiener process. One of the main advantages of these Poisson bridge constructions is that they, like the Brownian bridge, can be effectively combined with variance reduction techniques. In particular, we show here, in practice and proof, how we can achieve orders of magnitude efficiency improvement over standard MC approaches when generating unit-rate Poisson processes via a synthesis of antithetic sampling and Poisson bridge constructions. At the same time we provide practical guidance as to how to implement and tune Poisson bridge methods to achieve, in a mean sense, (near) optimal performance.

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Белый e Andrey Belyy. "TECHNICAL CONDITION ANALYSIS OF SAINT-PETERSBURG OPERATED REINFORCED CONCRETE BRIDGE CONSTRUCTIONS". Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 2, n.º 3 (4 de abril de 2017): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/24624.

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St. Petersburg possesses a large number of bridge constructions operated throughout a long time. Mainly these are objects made of reinforced concrete. Among bridges of the city there is a set of unique constructions. Specifics of bridges maintenance in megalopolis environment are characterized by difficult climatic and technogenic conditions. It causes emergence and development of numerous defects and damages in designs. For development of scientifically based techniques of assessment and forecasting of technical condition of the operated bridge constructions (in particular, reinforced concrete) the authentic and urgent analysis of this state is necessary. It is possible to execute it, having formulated the corresponding criteria and methods of assessment, and also having created a certain methodology of the analysis, as it is executed in the present article. Six evaluation criteria on which it is possible to carry out complex diagnostics of bridges of St. Petersburg are designated. Results of the analysis confirm need of special approaches to operation of megalopolises bridges park and also on a large number of constructions with extremely unsatisfactory technical condition.

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Belyi, Andrei, Eduard Karapetov e Ekaterina Tsygankova. "Design norms and live load development by the example of saint petersburg depot of reinforced concrete automobile road bridges". Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University, n.º 3 (20 de junho de 2018): 344–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2018-3-344-357.

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Objective: To analyze and cover the statistical data concerning the development and application of live load and relevant design standards by the example of Saint Petersburg bridge constructions. Methods: A comprehensive three-stage analysis of technical documentation on the operated reinforced concrete bridge constructions of the city was applied. Historical and technical review of norms and specifications of design, since the end of the 19th century was conducted. Systematization, statistical analysis and splitting into stages and groups were carried out. Results: The article presents the development of design standards and temporary loads of reinforced concrete highway bridges. The statistics is made on the basis of the depot of Saint Petersburg bridges. The latter is characterized by the increased esthetic, and difficult technical operation features. Classification of temporary loads on structures of Saint Petersburg since 1891 was carried out. The stages of occurrence and formation of circulating load norms were analyzed. A certain feature in regulation of requirements for urban bridges was singled out. Examples of the relevant objects were given. A number of conclusions concerning the evolution of design standards were made. Practical importance: Taking into account the specifi city of the large megalopolis, management of technical condition of bridge constructions in Saint Petersburg represents an extremely responsible and difficult task. Authentic, exact and relevant data on the history of design of facilities, circulating load (both design and current) is necessary for the solution of the task in question. Statistical analysis was carried out to apply operation of reinforced concrete bridge constructions in practice as the most mass transportation facilities of the city. From a practical point of view the data in question will make it possible to provide and support the set standard (design) levels of reliability, safety and durability of bridge constructions with a sufficient share of probability.

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Евтушенко, Сергей, Sergey Evtushenko, Тимофей Крахмальный, Timofey Krakhmalnyy, Марина Крахмальная e Marina Krakhmalnaya. "Topical issues of the calculation of residual service life". Construction and Architecture 2, n.º 4 (22 de abril de 2015): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17523.

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Authors reflected the historical background of an assessment of a residual resource of bridge constructions, and also values of coefficients of the importance of construction designs of a bridge construction received by authors by results of calculation.

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Dong, Feng Hui, Yue Tao Du e Feng Kun Cui. "Reliability Analysis of Pre-Stressed Concrete Continuous Girders Bridge Using Incremental Launching Method on Different Codes". Applied Mechanics and Materials 681 (outubro de 2014): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.681.205.

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The object of this paper analyzes the reliability level of pre-stressed concrete continuous girder bridges using incremental launching method during construction stages. Typical cross-sections used in the example bridge are considered at construction and service stages, respectively. The calculated results indicate that the reliability indices on the code of D62-2004 vary considerably to the code of JTJ 023-85. Comparing the reliability indices between the constructions shows the different regularity.

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Fiore, Alessandra, Martino Antonio Liuzzi e Rita Greco. "Some Shape, Durability and Structural Strategies at the Conceptual Design Stage to Improve the Service Life of a Timber Bridge for Pedestrians". Applied Sciences 10, n.º 6 (16 de março de 2020): 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10062023.

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The use of wood in the construction of bridges has increased in recent decades thanks to the characteristics of this material, i.e., environmentally-friendly and suitability within natural landscapes. Nevertheless, timber constructions may be affected by degrading effects due to biological and/or abiotic agents, and may be exposed to impacts or vibrations due to external forces such as wind, earthquakes or walking pedestrians. Consequently, bridge performance with respect to these aspects should be assessed from the early design stage. Within this context, in this study, some shape, structural and durability strategies dealing with the design of timber bridges for pedestrians are investigated in order to extend the service life of these constructions. More precisely, a methodology consisting of three steps, to be applied at the early conceptual design stage, is proposed. The three fundamental steps to be considered in the preliminary design of timber bridges are: (i) main boundary constraints and load-bearing system; (ii) durability; (iii) vibration levels. In the study, the presented methodology is applied and described for the design of a pedestrian and cyclist timber bridge over the Gravina torrent, in Apulia (Italy).

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Kagioglou, Panagiota, Konstantinos Katakalos e Stergios Aristoteles Mitoulis. "Resilient connection for accelerated bridge constructions". Structures 33 (outubro de 2021): 3025–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.05.094.

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Loktev, A. A., V. V. Korolev, D. A. Loktev, D. R. Shukyurov, P. A. Gelyukh e I. V. Shishkina. "Perspective constructions of bridge overpasses on transport main lines". Vestnik of the Railway Research Institute 77, n.º 6 (30 de dezembro de 2018): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21780/2223-9731-2018-77-6-331-336.

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Abstract. When designing bridges on motorways and railways, conventional beam or trussed design schemes of structures made of steel or reinforced concrete are used, but at present there is a significant increase in the speeds of motion of individual vehicles, axial loads and total train weight increase, and temporary intervals between trains. These factors lead to a significant increase in dynamic effects and necessitate the use of non-classical design schemes for artificial structures of transport infrastructure. In this study, it is proposed to take a threespan arch bridge with suspended central span structure as the basis for unified bridge overpass. Such an arrangement will allow changing the design length of the central span in a fairly wide range, reducing the total number of supports with an increase in the total length of the bridge overpass, and using a similar design as a double-track railroad, two- or four-lane motorway bridge. Calculations carried out and the results obtained for calculating displacements, internal forces and stresses in the units and elements of the proposed bridge overpass design allow concluding about the allowable limit values of the values found, sufficiently uniform load of all its main elements, the absence of strongly marked large-scale stress concentrators. Proposed design allows setting different sizes of spans during the design, reducing the number or even avoiding the installation of channel supports, adapting this structure for the passage of both rail and road transport. Design of the bridge, mathematical model of which is described in detail in the article, can be manufactured at the factory, and then delivered to the installation site and mounted there, which significantly reduces the final construction cost and makes it a profitable solution, for example, for arranging railway interchanges at different levels.

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Havlíček, Peter, e Július Šoltész. "Applicability of Commercial Software for Bridge Design with Consideration of Seismic Loading Effects". Solid State Phenomena 272 (fevereiro de 2018): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.272.313.

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The construction of bridges with use of seismic isolation is a less-used concept in Slovakia and the Czech Republic. The concept of seismic isolation of bridges is a way of protecting bridge construction without damaging the pillars and substructure unlike the currently used methodology of consideration and development of plastic joints. When using this concept correctly, it is possible to prevent serious damage of construction and greatly reduce economic losses. Creation of a FEM (Fine Element Method) model, that is capable of correct description of the bridge behavior during a seismic event is often problematic. In this paper, the features of designing and modeling of bridge constructions with use of seismic insulation based on elastomeric bearings are presented. Furthermore, the calculations of stiffness constants required for numerical modeling are presented as well. In this paper are described methods of modeling of seismic isolations in a commonly and commercially available FEM based software. The work also contains a comparison of possibilities as well as limits of these programs. We further present recommendations for correct modeling by use of nonlinear material properties or elastic bonds between elements.

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Mais fontes

Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Bridge constructions"

O'Brien, Melissa K. "A study of concrete bridge columns using innovative materials subjected to cyclic loading /". abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2006. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1440927.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2006.
"December, 2006." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-91). Online version available on the World Wide Web. Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2006]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm.

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BASU, BIKRAMADITYA. "ACCELERATED CONSTRUCTION AND REHABILITATION OF BRIDGES". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1116044680.

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Matta, Fabio. "Innovative solutions in bridge construction, rehabilitation, and structural health monitoring". Diss., Rolla, Mo. : University of Missouri-Rolla, 2007. http://scholarsmine.umr.edu/thesis/pdf/MattaPhD_Dissertation_09007dcc8038f8b1.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri--Rolla, 2007.
Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed November 15, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.

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Jimenez, Chong Juan Manuel. "Construction engineering of steel tub-girder bridge systems for skew effects". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43583.

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The torsional rigidity of tub-girder makes them ideal for use in curved bridges. The use on skewed support applications by bridge designers is limited as the behavior is complex and requires the use of advanced analysis tools. In consequence, a simplified analysis method to account for the effects of skew on tub-girder twist rotations and internal torques and how these affect the internal component forces was proposed. The combined effects of skew and curvature are studied by examining the results for analysis with different levels of sophistication for 18 representative bridges. The data generated constitutes the first systematic study on a large set of curved and skewed tub-girder bridges using consistent, refined 3D FEA models to model construction forces and deformations. Comparisons of the simplified analysis method to the refined 3D FEA analysis display the limitations of the simplified analysis and present potential sources of error. Furthermore, the results from the 3D FEA helped identify interactions between components and, therefore, an improved simplified procedure was proposed to account for the effects of the resulting increased stresses. In addition, the bridge erection procedures are discussed and specific examples illustrating the calculation of the fit-up forces is presented. These findings provided additional tools for the analysis process and erection engineering to account for the effects of skew. Lastly, further research needs considering the analysis of additional loading conditions and construction procedures are described.

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Dachelet, Darren O'Brien Schindler Anton K. "The effectiveness of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) for drilled shaft construction". Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SUMMER/Civil_Engineering/Thesis/Dachelet_Darren_26.pdf.

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Rosvall, Erik S. "Data Analysis of Utah's I-80 Bridges - For the use in the Development of Accelerated Bridge Construction Standards". DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/593.

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This study discusses five bridges on Utah's I-80 that were replaced in the summer of 2008 using Accelerated Bridge Construction methods. Each superstructure was built offsite and moved into place with the use of Self-Propelled Modular Transporters. The bridges were instrumented and monitored during the moving process to investigate the effects of moving an entire superstructure into place. Collected data was analyzed to find the level of stress each superstructure experienced during lifting, moving, and placement of each bridge. The change in supporting conditions from when the superstructure was built to being transferred onto Self-Propelled Modular Transporters caused significant stress reversals for all the bridges studied. A two-dimensional analysis was done using the dead load of the structure to find the initial stresses in the superstructure when supported on temporary abutments. The measured change in stress due to lifting was compared to calculations. The difference between these two stresses was defined as the lifting stress in the superstructure. Additionally, dynamic stresses incurred due to the bridge moving are determined to be within design tolerance.

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Cockburn, Bethany S. "Identity construction during bridge employment". Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6396.

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Returning to work after retiring, called bridge employment, is rapidly becoming a common phenomenon in the work world. Despite its increasing prevalence, relatively little is known about the outcomes and processes. One proposed explanation of the relationship between bridge employment and outcomes such as health and life satisfaction is the role of identity-related changes. There are many identity related losses (e.g., loss of status) and transitions (e.g., no longer a full-time employee, no longer a supervisor) inherent in bridge employment. However, no studies have directly considered how identities are constructed to respond to these changes. Using a qualitative, grounded theory approach in which 46 individuals participated in semi-structured interviews, this dissertation seeks to answer the question of “How do individuals come to define who they are during the identity-related losses and liminality experienced during bridge employment?” These results expand existing theory to explain how bridge employment identities are constructed through an iterative process of reconciling preretirement career identities, retirement identities, and bridge employment identities. Specifically, identity threats, often spurred by losses of work roles, relationships, and health related to retiring, were successfully eliminated through substituting the motive for an alternative motive or redefining the motive. Bridge employment was also a time for motives such as self-actualization, reinvention, and generativity. Successful satisfaction of identity motives drove participants to internalize the bridge employment identities. Moreover non-work identities, such as being a volunteer or grandparent, became more important and fulfilled identity motives, even though they were generally in conflict with bridge employment identities and took time away from it. Moreover, participants reported that non-work activities were able to fulfill identity motives. In proving important to one’s identity, non-work identities became more central to one’s identity. Finally, the preretirement career identity enhanced the bridge employment identity and was sometimes changed itself through the iterative nature of the identity construction process. This research enriches our understanding of identity construction during bridge employment as well as suggests practical ways to improve the experience of working after retirement.

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Théodore, Antoine. "Actions du vent sur les ouvrages souples dans le domaine temporel". Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX009.

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Les structures flexibles telles que les ponts à haubans sont soumises aux effets dynamiques du vent. Ceux-ci sont habituellement divisés en deux catégories, les flottements qui induisent une réponse couplée avec le mouvement et l’excitation par la turbulence qui est généralement traitée comme découplée du mouvement. Lorsque ces deux phénomènes s’entremêlent, il devient délicat d'employer les méthodes spectrales usuelles. Les modèles temporels représentent alors une alternative intéressante, dont l’enjeu majeur consiste à simuler le flottement de décrochage en torsion par amortissement ajouté. Or ce phénomène, notamment mis en cause dans l’accident du pont de Tacoma, est encore aujourd’hui central lors de la conception des ouvrages d’art.La présente étude s’articule autour du développement d’une nouvelle formulation temporelle du moment de tangage induit par le mouvement, qui peut facilement être combinée avec les représentations usuelles des effets instationnaires du vent. L'approximation quasi-statique qui est habituellement utilisée pour modéliser le flottement en galop vertical des corps non profilés, conduit à négliger les effets de mémoire du fluide, qui sont particulièrement importants pour prédire le flottement de torsion. La clef de voute de la construction du nouveau modèle aéroélastique est l’introduction d’un temps de retard « τ » entre la position instantanée du tablier étudié et les efforts aérodynamiques. Cette stratégie permet ainsi de compenser en partie les limites de l’approche quasi-statique afin de simuler l’amortissement aérodynamique induit par le mouvement, tout en capturant de manière élégante la physique du phénomène.Dans un premier temps, une procédure d’identification des valeurs de « τ » mettant en œuvre les dérivées de flottement A_2^* et A_3^* de Scanlan est proposée, et le sens physique de ce paramètre est discuté. Enfin, un critère linéaire très simple de stabilité au flottement, basé uniquement sur la pente du coefficient de tangage C_M^', est établi et validé pour les tabliers de ponts. Le paramétrage du modèle ne requiert donc que les résultats expérimentaux classiques habituellement utilisés en ingénierie du vent et des structures, à savoir les dérivées du flottement et les coefficients aérodynamiques des sections.Le bon fonctionnement du modèle est validé en soufflerie avec des maquettes de tablier élastiquement supportées, soumises aux effets du vent stationnaire, d’une rafale, ainsi qu’à ceux d’un vent fortement turbulent. Trois sections types, stables ou instables, sont considérées : le pont de Millau, le pont de Tacoma et une aile NACA-4412. Les réponses en régimes transitoires et quasi-permanents sont prédites avec précision, et sont en bon accord avec les mesures expérimentales. Cette formulation temporelle à retard s’avère donc prometteuse et se positionne comme alternative crédible aux approches spectrales et hybrides, fondées sur les dérivées du flottement ou les fonctions indicielles, à ce jour plus répandues
Flexible structures such as cable-stayed bridges are subject to dynamic wind loads. These are usually divided into two categories, flutter which is a motion-induced load and buffeting, which is generally considered as an uncoupled load. When these two phenomena are intertwined, it becomes difficult to use spectral methods and time simulation represents a relatively new and promising alternative.The most difficult challenge is to simulate the torsional stall flutter caused by additionnal damping. However, this phenomenon, which was responsible for the collapse of Tacoma narrow bridge, is still central to the design of civil engineering structures. This study is based on the development of a new temporal formulation of the motion-induced pitch moment, which can be easily combined with representations of the unsteady effects of wind. The construction of the new aeroelastic model is based on the introduction of a time delay between the instantaneous position of the studied deck and the aerodynamic forces.The validation of the model is provided by wind tunnel tests. They are carried out with elastically supported sectional models, subject to the effects of a steady wind, those of a gust, as well as those of a highly turbulent wind. Three sections are considered, stable or unstable: the Millau Bridge, the Tacoma Bridge and a NACA-4412 airfoil

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Le, Guillarme Jonathan, e Jakob Lindstam. "Implementering av Structural Health Monitoring : SHM - system för detektering och övervakning av vanligt förekommande skador på betongbroar". Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-259696.

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Sverige har som många länder runt om i världen en åldrande infrastruktur och behovet av underhåll stiger. I en artikel i Svenska Dagbladet från 21/9–2018 redovisar analys- och teknikkonsultföretaget WSP en grov uppskattning att 300 miljarder kronor behöver investeras för att rusta upp existerande infrastruktur. Efter upprustningen skulle det krävas ca 25 miljarder kronor årligen för att utföra löpande tillståndsbedömning och underhåll av Sveriges väg- och järnvägsnät. Idag används inspektioner för att bedöma broars tillstånd. Det finns tre olika inspektionstyper; huvudinspektion, allmäninspektion och särskild inspektion. Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) är en teknik som globalt används mer och mer som en metod vid tillståndsbedömning av broar. SHM siktar mot att i realtid utföra automatisk bedömning av hela konstruktionens och de enskilda skadornas tillstånd. SHM använder sig av sensorer placerade på kritiska positioner för att samla in mätdata som jämförs med i förtid definierade gränsvärden. I Sverige används SHM sparsamt idag där kunskapen ligger på akademisk nivå och det råder en osäkerhet om hur SHM ska implementeras i praktiken. Genom att implementera SHM, kan skador upptäckas i ett tidigt skede och minimeras genom att snabbt utföra reparationer på konstruktionen innan skadorna blivit kritiska. Studien syftar till att producera en rapport som kan användas som en guide för hur SHM kan implementeras samt visa på hur SHM-systemen har implementerats på tidigare projekt. Rapporten skall ge läsaren en helhetsbild över hur tillståndsbedömning går till idag, vilka skador som är vanligt förekommande samt hur SHM kan användas som ett verktyg vid tillståndsbedömning. Rapporten syftar också till att ge en övergripande förklaring på svenska av SHM-tekniken och vad som behövs för implementering. Öppna ostrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med forskare inom SHM och skador på betongkonstruktioner samt sakkunniga inom tillståndsbedömning. Intervjuerna användes som utgångspunkt för vidare studier av vanligt förekommande skador och SHM-tekniker. I litteraturstudien användes olika vetenskapliga databaser såsom Diva och ScienceDirect, samt KTH:s bibliotek för att få fram tidigare material om betongskador på broar, deras skademekanismer och om SHM-tekniken. Vidare hämtades information från ett antal doktorsavhandlingar, artiklar och tidigare examensarbeten. Genom litteraturstudie och intervjuer med sakkunniga kom studien fram till att armeringskorrosion och sprickor i betongen är skador som är vanligt förekommande i betongbroar. Skadornas skademekanismer beskrivs i rapporten. Studien identifierade tre olika system som kan användas för detektering och övervakning av armeringskorrosion och sprickor, de systemen är akustisk emission, SOFO-system (SOFO är en förkortning för Surveillance d'Ouvrage par Fibers Optics) och MuST-system (MuST är ett kommersiellt namn). Rapporten ger exempel på hur systemen kan användas för detektering och övervakning av skadorna genom att presentera fyra fallstudier där systemen har använts. Två av fallstudierna presenterar hur akustisk emission har implementeras och två av fallstudierna presenterar hur SOFO-systemet har implementerats. Studien kunde inte identifiera någon fallstudie för MuST-systemet och hur systemet har implementerats. Slutsatsen av studien är att SHM kan användas som ett komplement vid tillståndsbedömningar men man kan inte utföra automatiserade tillståndsbedömningar idag.
Like many countries around the world, Sweden has an aging infrastructure and the need for maintenance is increasing. In an article in Svenska Dagbladet from 21 / 9–2018, the analysis and engineering consulting company WSP reports a rough estimate that SEK 300 billion needs to be invested to upgrade existing infrastructure. After the upgrade, it would require approximately SEK 25 billion annually to carry out ongoing condition assessment and maintenance of Sweden's road and railway networks. Today, inspections are used to assess the condition of bridges. There are three types of inspection; main inspection, general inspection and special inspection. Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is a technology that is globally more used as a method for condition assessment of bridges. SHM aims to perform automatic assessment of the state of the entire construction and individual damages in real time. SHM uses sensors placed at critical positions to collect measurement data compared to pre-defined limit values. In Sweden, SHM is used sparingly today, where knowledge is at an academic level and there is uncertainty about how SHM should be implemented in practice. By implementing SHM, damage can be detected at an early stage and minimized by quickly performing repairs on the design before the damage becomes critical. The study aims to produce a report that can be used as a guide on how SHM can be implemented and show how the SHM systems have been implemented on previous projects. The report should give the reader an overall picture of how condition assessment is performed today, which damages are common and how SHM can be used as a tool when assessing the condition. The report also aims to provide an overall explanation in Swedish of the SHM technology and what is needed for implementation. Open unstructured interviews were conducted with researchers within SHM and damages to concrete structures as well as experts in condition assessment. The interviews were used as a starting point for further studies of commonly occurring damages and SHM techniques. In the literature study, various scientific databases were used, such as Diva and ScienceDirect, as well as KTH's library to obtain earlier material on concrete damage to bridges, its damage mechanisms and about SHM technology. Furthermore, information was obtained from a number of doctoral dissertations, articles and previous degree projects. Through literature study and interviews with experts, the study concluded that reinforcement corrosion and cracks in the concrete are damages that are commonly found in concrete bridges. The damage mechanisms are described in the report. The study identified three different systems that can be used for detection and monitoring of reinforcement corrosion and cracks, those systems are acoustic emission, SOFO system (SOFO is an abbreviation for Surveillance d'Ouvrage pair of Fiber's Optics) and MuST system (MuST is a commercial name). The report gives examples of how the systems can be used for the detection and monitoring of the damages by presenting four case studies where the systems have been used. Two of the case studies present how acoustic emission has been implemented and two of the case studies present how the SOFO-system has been implemented. The study could not identify any case study for the MuST-system and how the system was implemented. The conclusion of the study is that SHM can be used as a supplement to condition assessments but cannot for the time being used for performing automated condition assessments today.

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Saleh, Nehad. "En studie av hur entreprenadsumman i ett betongbroprojekt påverkas av ÄTA – arbeten och avvikelse : En fallstudie av 4 broprojekt utförda av Veidekke Entreprenad AB Anläggning Sydväst". Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-23404.

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Anläggningsprojekt är idag allt fler på grund av att den infrastruktur som byggdes på mitten på 1900-talet inte längre uppfyller dagens ställda krav. I takt med att större entreprenader utförs idag, krävs även större resurser och bättre samspel mellan beställare och entreprenörer. Entreprenadsumman för ett betongbroprojekt är väldigt stark förknippat med mängden ÄTA–arbeten och avvikelser. ÄTA–arbeten kan gå i olika riktningar, till exempel från underentreprenör mot beställare och tvärtom. I denna studie ligger fokus på entreprenörens ÄTA–arbeten gentemot beställaren och avvikelser som uppstår i produktionen. Syftet med studien är att identifiera de vanligaste ÄTA–arbeten och avvikelser som förekommer i olika betongbroprojekt för att undersöka hur dessa påverkar entreprenadsumman samt hur de i framtiden skall hanteras av entreprenören så att de inte upprepas i kommande projekt. Till en början har en litteraturstudie gjorts för att öka kunskapen kring ämnet. Därefterhar en fallstudie utförts av fyra tidigare betongbroprojekt. Den centrala delen av fallstudien har varit en kvalitativ undersökning, med intervjuer samt en enkätundersökning. Det har hållits 10 intervjuer med olika platschefer, en jurist och en arbetschef, samtidigt har 55 tjänstemän från fallföretaget deltagit i enkätundersökningen. I den kvantitativa delen har en sammanställning gjorts av samtliga ÄTA–arbeten och avvikelser som uppstått i de betongbroprojekt som studerats. Därefter har de ÄTA–arbeten och avvikelser som upprepats i dessa betongbroprojekt identifierats. Studien visar att ÄTA–arbeten oftast uppstår på grund av brister i beställarens förfrågningsunderlag. Geotekniska undersökningar och tekniska lösningar föreskrivna av beställaren är det som vanligen föranleder ÄTA–arbeten. Även entreprenadformen är avgörande för mängd och typ av ÄTA–arbeten. I en utförandentreprenad är det mycket mer likställda ÄTA–arbeten och när det gäller en totalentreprenad är de vanligaste ÄTA–arbetena föreskrivna tilläggs- och ändringsarbeten. Det är sällan lönsamt med många ÄTA–arbeten i betongbroprojekten, däremot ökar det projektensomsättning vilket får ses som positiv. Avvikelser förekommer oftast på grund av dålig planering och kommunikation. Bristfälliga arbetsberedningar och missade kontroller är andra orsaker till att avvikelser förekommer. Det är oftast entreprenörens eget fel attdet uppstår avvikelser. Avvikelserna har då alltid en negativ inverkan på projektetsslutkostnad i och med att kostnaden inte läggs på entreprenadsumman, det vill säga att entreprenören avhjälper avvikelser på egen bekostnad. De vanligaste ÄTA–arbetena förekommer kring brokonstruktionens grundläggning,oftast på grund av att de geotekniska undersökningar som gjorts, har gjorts fel eller inte i tillräcklig omfattning. När det kommer till avvikelser är de vanligast i samband med armeringsarbeten och betonggjutningar. Dyrare avvikelser förekommer men inte i någon större utsträckning. Genom att lägga mer fokus på planering, kommunikation, involvering och upprätta bättre arbetsberedningar kan negativa effekter på entreprenadsumman på grund av ÄTA–arbeten och avvikelser undvikas.
Various plant projects are today more common because the infrastructure built in themid-1900s no longer meet today's set requirements. As major contracts are carried out today, greater resources and better interaction between client and contractor are also required. The contract sum for various concrete bridge projects is very strongly associated with the amount of contract changes and deviations. Contract changes can go between different entrepreneurs for example from a subcontractor against the clientand vice versa. In this study the focus is on contract changes from the main entrepreneur towards the client and deviations that occurs in the production. The purpose of the study is to identify the most common contract changes and deviations that occur in different concrete bridge projects to investigate how these affect the contract sum and how they should be handled by the entrepreneur in the future so that they are not repeated in upcoming projects. Initially a literature study has been done to increase knowledge about the subject. Then a case study has been carried out on four previous concrete bridge projects. The central part of the case study has been a qualitative investigation, where interviews have been held and a survey has been conducted. There have been 10 interviews with various site managers, a lawyer, and a supervisor, while 55 officials from the case company have participated in the survey. In the quantitative part, a compilation of contract changes and deviations that has occurred in the concrete bridge projects that was studied has been done. Then the contract changes and deviations that was repeated in all the studied concrete bridge projects has been identified. The study shows that contract changes occur most often because of deficiencies in the clients request documents. Geotechnical investigations and technical solutions prescribed by the client are what usually prompt contract changes. The contract form is also crucial for the amount and type of contract changes. In a contract that is based on AB 04 it is much more preserved contract changes and when it comes to a general contract based on ABT 06, the most common contract changes are prescribed alterations and additional works. It is rarely profitable with many contract changes in concrete bridge projects, yet it increases the revenue of the projects, which may be positive. Deviations occur most often due to poor planning and communication. Inadequate work preparations and missed controls are other reasons for the presence of deviations. It is usually the entrepreneur’s fault that there are a lot of deviations. Deviations always has a negative effect on the project’s final cost since the cost for it is not added to the contract sum, which means that the entrepreneur remedies deviations at their own expense. The most common contract changes occur around the groundwork of the bridge construction, usually because the geotechnical investigations carried out by the client, have been done wrong or not enough. When it comes to deviations the most common are in connection with reinforcement work and concrete castings. More expensive deviations occur but not to a greater extent. By focusing more on planning, communication, involvement and establishing better work preparations, negative effects on the contract sum due to contract changes and deviations can be avoided.

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Mais fontes

Livros sobre o assunto "Bridge constructions"

The Ambassador Bridge: A monument to progress. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1987.

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Keller, Thomas. Use of fibre reinforced polymers in bridge construction. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed007.

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The aim of the present Structural Engineering Document, a state-of-the-art report, is to review the progress made worldwide in the use of fibre reinforced polymers as structural components in bridges until the end of the year 2000. Due to their advantageous material properties such as high specific strength, a large tolerance for frost and de-icing salts and, furthermore, short installation times with minimum traffic interference, fibre reinforced polymers have matured to become valuable alternative building materials for bridge structures. Today, fibre reinforced polymers are manufactured industrially to semi-finished products and ccimplete structural components, which can be easily and quickly installed or erected on site. Examples of semi-finished products and structural components available are flexible tension elements, profiles stiff in bending and sandwich panels. As tension elements, especially for the purpose of strengthening, strips and sheets are available, as weil as reinforcing bars for concrete reinforcement and prestressing members for internal prestressing or external use. Profiles are available for beams and columns, and sandwich constructions especially for bridge decks. During the manufacture of the structural components fibre-optic sensors for continuous monitoring can be integrated in the materials. Adhesives are being used more and more for joining components. Fibre reinforced polymers have been used in bridge construction since the mid-1980s, mostly for the strengthening of existing structures, and increasingly since the mid-1990s as pilot projects for new structures. In the case of new structures, three basic types of applications can be distinguished: concrete reinforcement, new hybrid structures in combination with traditional construction materials, and all-composite applications, in which the new materials are used exclusively. This Structural Engineering Document also includes application and research recommendations with particular reference to Switzerland. This book is aimed at both students and practising engineers, working in the field of fibre reinforced polymers, bridge design, construction, repair and strengthening.

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National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board e Second Strategic Highway Research Program (U.S.), eds. Innovative bridge designs for rapid renewal: ABC toolkit. Washington D.C: Transportation Research Board, 2013.

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Penrod, John. Mackinac Bridge: Bridge story : history & construction. Berrien Center, Mich.?]: Penrod/Hiawatha, 2009.

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Tonias, Demetrios E. Bridge engineering: Design, rehabilitation, and maintenance of modern highway bridges. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1995.

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Shahawy, Mohsen. Prefabricated bridge elements and systems to limit traffic disruption during construction. Washington, D.C: Transportation Research Board, 2003.

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National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board. Subcommittee on Bridge Aesthetics. Bridge aesthetics sourcebook: Practical ideas for short- and medium-span bridges. Washington, D.C: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, 2010.

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Marsh, M. Lee. Application of accelerated bridge construction connections in moderate-to-high seismic regions. Washington, D.C: Transportation Research Board, 2011.

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Le pont de Québec: Une merveille du monde : son historique, sa technique de construction, ses effondrements, ses reconstructions. Sainte-Foy, Québec: Editions La Liberté, 1986.

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Alan, Puckett Jay, ed. Design of highway bridges: Based on AASHTO LRFD bridge design specifications. New York: John Wiley, 1997.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Bridge constructions"

Loktev, Alexey, Vadim Korolev, Irina Shishkina, Liliya Illarionova, Daniil Loktev e Ekaterina Gridasova. "Perspective Constructions of Bridge Crossings on Transport Lines". In VIII International Scientific Siberian Transport Forum, 209–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37919-3_20.

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Rolfsen, C. N., A. K. Lassen, D. Han, H. Hosamo e C. Ying. "The use of the BIM-model and scanning in quality assurance of bridge constructions". In ECPPM 2021 – eWork and eBusiness in Architecture, Engineering and Construction, 357–60. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003191476-49.

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Libby, James R. "Bridge Construction". In Modern Prestressed Concrete, 620–41. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3918-6_14.

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Plasencia-Lozano, P. "Bridge replacement due to structural obsolescence. The case of the Ciudad Real-Badajoz railway bridges (Spain)". In History of Construction Cultures, 154–60. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003173434-124.

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Lin, Weiwei, e Teruhiko Yoda. "Materials for Bridge Constructions". In Bridge Engineering, 59–69. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-804432-2.00003-7.

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Shiraishi, Naruhito. "FRONTIERS OF HONSHU-SHIKOKU BRIDGE CONSTRUCTIONS". In Mechanical Behaviour of Materials VI, 17–27. Elsevier, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-037890-9.50011-9.

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Benedetti, Andrea, e Silvia Briccoli Bati. "Experimental pushover analysis of a model masonry bridge". In Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions: Anamnesis, Diagnosis, Therapy, Controls, 1458–64. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315616995-198.

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Azzara, R. M., A. De Falco, M. Girardi e D. Pellegrini. "Measurement of the vibration response of the medieval Maddalena Bridge (Italy)". In Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions: Anamnesis, Diagnosis, Therapy, Controls, 631–38. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315616995-84.

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"The syntax and semantics of infinitival yet constructions". In Building a bridge between linguistic communities of the Old and the New World, 115–39. Brill | Rodopi, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789401208345_008.

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Custodi, A., e F. Scaia. "The Augustan Bridge at Narni: From laser survey to FEM seismic analysis". In Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions: Anamnesis, Diagnosis, Therapy, Controls, 1713–20. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315616995-231.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Bridge constructions"

Miebach, Frank, e Dominik Niewerth. "Solid Timber Bridge Constructions". In Footbridge 2017 Berlin. Chair of Conceptual and Structural Design, Fachgebiet Entwerfen und Konstruieren – Massivbau, Technische Universität Berlin, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24904/footbridge2017.09183.

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Hiddingh, Jan, Ronald Grefhorst e Martijn Veltkamp. "Full-scale fatigue testing with initial damage as validation of FRP road bridge design". In IABSE Congress, Stockholm 2016: Challenges in Design and Construction of an Innovative and Sustainable Built Environment. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/stockholm.2016.1275.

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Bridges built in fibre reinforced polymers (FRP) bring the important advantage of low-maintenance costs, thus reducing the total cost of ownership. Various kinds of FRP-constructions have been built hundreds of times in the last decade, the technology is now beyond the stage of infancy. The Province of Groningen has positive experiences with bridges and lock gates built in FRP. For a 8m span lifting bridge for road usage, the province prescribed FRP as the structural material for the deck, and in parallel required additional validation of the material's fatigue resistance through fullscale testing.

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Feliciangeli, Dario, Krzysztof Mierzwa e Mariana Antunes. "Fully Stress Laminated Timber Bridge". In IABSE Conference, Kuala Lumpur 2018: Engineering the Developing World. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/kualalumpur.2018.0127.

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The combination of zero carbon emission infrastructures and low construction costs has become the most important challenge for civil engineers. Specifically, in developing countries, governments and communities should demand infrastructures which embrace a different design methodology using low impact materials and innovative building sequences to achieve sustainable, safe and accelerated constructions. The proposed footbridge, located in Central Africa, is a timber truss based on local materials which extends the timber stress lamination technology to all its parts. The resulting system is a structure made of small and light timber components that ease the construction and reduce the cost, representing a feasible solution for pedestrian bridges in developing countries. This design underlines the importance of concepts like constructability, sustainability and safety which should be shared by any construction in the 21th century.

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Braml, Thomas, e Florian Zimmert. "Challenge of conserving resources - Concepts for the Construction of medium span Bridges with a Service Life of 200 Years". In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.1583.

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Reducing the consumption of resources is one of the greatest challenges we currently face in the construction industry. Not only because of the very strong increase in the world population from 7.72 billion inhabitants in 2020 to approx. 9.55 billion inhabitants in 2050, only limited resources are available to every inhabitant of the earth. It is the task of civil engineers to accept this challenge and to develop new constructions, building materials and construction methods that enable resource-poor construction. In building construction, concepts are moving in the direction of innovative designs and construction methods with the aim of saving material [1]. The requirements for bridges, however, are clearly different from those for building structures. For bridges it may therefore be necessary to build robustly. This somewhat contradicts the design approach of saving material. A possible approach to still save resources can be to extend the service life. If bridges are planned and built for 200 years or even 300 years instead of 100 years as is currently the case, 50% to 70% of the resources currently required for a bridge can be saved. New materials, construction methods and techniques are already available, which would make it possible to build a bridge with a service life of 200 years. It will not be possible for all components of a bridge to have a service life of more than 200 years. Bridge bearings, expansion joints, sealing membranes as a sealing layer under hot asphalt, etc. have a maximum service life of 20 to 30 years. Here, bridges must be designed in such a way that these components can be quickly replaced. Similar to a customer service with a car, wear parts should be replaceable in a plannable, quick and cost-effective way. It is also possible to use the robust construction method for medium span bridges, so that bearings can be dispensed with if necessary. In addition, there are the first pilot bridges for a concrete carriageway that can be directly driven on, so that sealing can be dispensed with.The article shows an overview of the current available options for building a bridge with a service life of more than 200 years. In addition, a concept for such a bridge with a span of 25 to 60 m is presented. Especially bridges with such spans represent a large part of the total amount of bridges.

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Katakalos, Konstantinos, Panagiota Kagioglou e Stergios Mitoulis. "Numerical modeling of a resilient hinge (RH) for accelerated bridge constructions". In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.1164.

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The present paper focuses on the advanced numerical modeling of a novel resilient hinge (RH), with emphasis on the connection between the foundation and the bridge pier. The design philosophy of dynamic resistant structures (such as bridges) requires the imposed energy to be dissipated in the hinges of the structure and let the remain elements with no damages. The investigated Resilient Hinge (RH) was proposed by Mitoulis et al. in 2016 and is further developed in this paper through parametric numerical simulations utilizing the 3D FE software Abaqus. The RH is a novel substructure that mitigates the imposed energy through the yielding of easily replaceable steel bars, thus offering rapid restoration times. It is designed to have re-centering capabilities because several steel bars remain primarily elastic, so they return to their initial position. The investigated variables are the type of material, the roughness of the contact surface, the diameter of the bars and the type of connection between the different parts of the RH. Stress analysis of the obtained results occurred in a way to quantify the problem and discover the weak regions of the RH. Finally, detailed design suggestions for the RH are provided.

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O., Josat. "Sustainible Bridge Constructions — Elegant Arches — Filligree Structures — Cost Effective Design". In 4th International Conference on Steel & Composite Structures. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-08-6218-3_sus-th015.

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Herold, Andreas, Taner Aydog˘muş e Heiner Sander. "Large Constructions and Bridge Abutments: Solutions with Geosynthetic Reinforced Earth". In Structures Congress 2008. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41016(314)203.

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Kušar, Matej, Poul Linneberg, Joao Amado, Snežana Mašović, Nikola Tanasić e Rade Hajdin. "Quality control plan for road bridges – overview of COST Action TU1406 WG3 final report". In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.1298.

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The main objective of the COST Action TU1406 is to develop a guideline for the establishment of Quality Control plans for roadway bridges. The guideline is based on conclusions of Working groups 1 and 2 of the Action and is further developed with the contributions and findings of members of Working group 3. The paper presents the overview of the developed framework, where gradual damage processes as well as sudden events are being addressed in evaluation of Key Performance Indicators. The proposed framework relies on data from design and construction phase, as well as from results from visual inspections that are used for an assessment of safety and serviceability - the primary concerns of bridge managers. Special attention is aimed at possible Failure modes and related bridge Vulnerable zones. These are, for instance high moment regions, high shear regions and constructions joints, but can also be zones of bridge conceptual weaknesses. Since there are differences in design and materials for various bridge types, the suitability of the framework is tested separately for girder/frame bridges and arch bridges. Due to the specifics of sudden events, the application of the framework is given separately from gradual damage processes. Emphasis is given on flooding and scour as these are the most common culprits of bridge failures. The steps in the implementation of the framework are briefly shown and an illustrative example is presented.

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Panik, Michal, e Vladimir Necas. "Evaluation of External Exposure During Building and Operation of Concrete Bridges Constructions That Reuse the Conditionally Released Steels". In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59120.

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This paper presents ongoing results of the project presented at ICEM’10 [1] related to the topics of reusing the conditionally released materials from decommissioning. The subject of the reuse of conditionally released materials in this case is modeling of bridge constructions which reuse the conditionally released steel in the form of reinforcement bars for the concrete bridges. A general approach for the project was presented at ICEM’10. The activities of the project continue in evaluating the individual effective doses from the external exposure based on reused conditionally released steels separately for public and for professionals (the internal exposure will be evaluated in next stages of the project). Evaluated scenarios are related to critical groups of professionals constructing the bridges (worker’s scenarios). The computer code VISIPLAN 3D ALARA 4.0 planning tool was used for the calculation of the individual effective dose for professionals. Various limits of the annual individual effective dose are used for the evaluation of calculation results. The aim of the ongoing modeling is to develop a set of data of maximal radioactivity concentration for individual radionuclides in the conditionally released steel used in the bridges model constructions in order not to exceed the limits for the individual effective dose.

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Biliszczuk, J., P. Hawryszkow, R. Toczkiewicz e K. Żółtowski. "Outstanding Civil Engineering Structures Built in Poland". In IABSE Symposium, Wroclaw 2020: Synergy of Culture and Civil Engineering – History and Challenges. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/wroclaw.2020.0026.

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The development of civil engineering in Poland over 1000 years was discussed. Particular attention was paid to outstanding innovative constructions created after World War II. Innovative buildings, halls, stadiums, masts, high-rises and bridges were presented. It was in Poland where the first welded steel road bridge in Europe and the highest mast in the world were built. Europe's largest extradosed and innovative arched and composite bridges have been built recently.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Bridge constructions"

Frosch, Robert, Antonio Bobet e Yazen Khasawneh. Reduction of Bridge Construction and Maintenance Costs through Coupled Geotechnical and Structural Design of Integral Abutment Bridges. Purdue University, dezembro de 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284315500.

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Han, Fei, Monica Prezzi, Rodrigo Salgado, Mehdi Marashi, Timothy Wells e Mir Zaheer. Verification of Bridge Foundation Design Assumptions and Calculations. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317084.

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The Sagamore Parkway Bridge consists of twin parallel bridges over the Wabash River in Lafayette, IN. The old steel-truss eastbound bridge was demolished in November 2016 and replaced by a new seven-span concrete bridge. The new bridge consists of two end-bents (bent 1 and bent 8) and six interior piers (pier 2 to pier 7) that are founded on closed-ended and open-ended driven pipe piles, respectively. During bridge construction, one of the bridge piers (pier 7) and its foundation elements were selected for instrumentation for monitoring the long-term response of the bridge to dead and live loads. The main goals of the project were (1) to compare the design bridge loads (dead and live loads) with the actual measured loads and (2) to study the transfer of the superstructure loads to the foundation and the load distribution among the piles in the group. This report presents in detail the site investigation data, the instrumentation schemes used for load and settlement measurements, and the response of the bridge pier and its foundation to dead and live loads at different stages during and after bridge construction. The measurement results include the load-settlement curves of the bridge pier and the piles supporting it, the load transferred from the bridge pier to its foundation, the bearing capacity of the pile cap, the load eccentricity, and the distribution of loads within the pier’s cross section and among the individual piles in the group. The measured dead and live loads are compared with those estimated in bridge design.

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Frosch, Robert, Julio Ramirez e Stephen Price. Innovative Bridge Construction Program: Implementation of Full-Depth Bridge Deck Panels in Indiana. West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314273.

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OVCEARENCO, ELENA. CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF BRIDGE DEFORMATION JOINTS WITH ELASTIC COMPENSATOR. Intellectual Archive, abril de 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2099.

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Chang, Luh, e Machine Hsie. Implementation of the Developed Quality Acceptance System for Steel Bridge Painting Construction. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313243.

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Hui, Li, Faress Hraib, Miguel Vicente e Riyadh Hindi. Effectiveness of Exterior-Beam Rotation-Prevention Systems for Bridge Deck Construction—Phase II. Illinois Center for Transportation, setembro de 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/19-014.

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Kumar, Indraneel, Lionel Beaulieu, Annie Cruz-Porter, Chun Song, Benjamin St. Germain e Andrey Zhalnin. An Assessment of the Workforce and Occupations in the Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction Industries in Indiana. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284315018.

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This project explores workforce and occupations within the highway, street, and bridge construction industries (NAICS 237310) in Indiana. There are five specific deliverable comprised of three data reports, one policy document, and a website. The first data report includes an assessment of the workforce based on the eight-part framework, which are industry, occupations, job postings, hard-to-fill jobs, Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP), GAP Analysis, compatibility, and automation. The report defines a cluster followed by a detailed analysis of the occupations, skills, job postings, etc., in the NAICS 237310 industry in Indiana. The report makes use of specialized labor market databases, such as the Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI), CHMURA JobsEQ, etc. The analysis is based only on the jobs covered under the unemployment insurance or the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) data. The second data report analyzes jobs to jobs flows to and from the construction industry in Indiana, with a particular emphasis on the Great Recession, by utilizing the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data. The third data report looks into the equal employment opportunity or Section 1391 and 1392 data for Indiana and analyzes specific characteristics of that data. The policy report includes a set of recommendations for workforce development for INDOT and a summary of the three data reports. The key data on occupations within the NAICS 237310 are provided in an interactive website. The website provides a data dashboard for individual INDOT Districts. The policy document recommends steps for development of the highways, streets and bridges construction workforce in INDOT Districts.

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Akhavian, Reza. Automated Measurement of Heavy Equipment Greenhouse Gas Emission: The case of Road/Bridge Construction and Maintenance. Mineta Transportation Institute, dezembro de 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2019.1852.

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Barrett, Timothy, Albert Miller e W. Jason Weiss. Documentation of the INDOT Experience and Construction of the Bridge Decks Containing Internal Curing in 2013. Purdue University, novembro de 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284315532.

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Hubbard, Sarah M., e Bryan Hubbard. Investigation of Strategic Deployment Opportunities for Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) at INDOT. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317126.

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Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) are increasingly used for a variety of applications related to INDOT’s mission including bridge inspection, traffic management, incident response, construction and roadway mapping. UAS have the potential to reduce costs and increase capabilities. Other state DOTs and transportation agencies have deployed UAS for an increasing number of applications due to technology advances that provide increased capabilities and lower costs, resulting from regulatory changes that simplified operations for small UAS under 55 pounds (aka, sUAS). This document provides an overview of UAS applications that may be appropriate for INDOT, as well as a description of the regulations that affect UAS operation as described in 14 CFR Part 107. The potential applications were prioritized using Quality Function Deployment (QFD), a methodology used in the aerospace industry that clearly communicates qualitative and ambiguous information with a transparent framework for decision making. The factors considered included technical feasibility, ease of adoption and stakeholder acceptance, activities underway at INDOT, and contribution to INDOT mission and goals. Dozens of interviews with INDOT personnel and stakeholders were held to get an accurate and varied perspective of potential for UAVs at INDOT. The initial prioritization was completed in early 2019 and identified three key areas: UAS for bridge inspection safety as a part of regular operations, UAS for construction with deliverables provided via construction contracts, and UAS for emergency management. Descriptions of current practices and opportunities for INDOT are provided for each of these applications. An estimate of the benefits and costs is identified, based on findings from other agencies as well as projections for INDOT. A benefit cost analysis for the application of UAS for bridge inspection safety suggests a benefit cost over one for the analysis period.

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