Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Brood parasitism"
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Nair, Radha Goh. "Neural adaptations for brood parasitism". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409117.
Texto completo da fonteGloag, Rosalyn Suzanne. "Brood parasitism by shiny cowbirds". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b9a9d900-ed14-4bb0-8979-7fd782584f00.
Texto completo da fonteReichart, Letitia Marie. "Conspecific brood parasitism in ruddy ducks (Oxyura jamaicensis)". Online access for everyone, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Summer2008/L_Reichart_072408.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteLindholm, Anna Kristina. "Evolution of host defences against avian brood parasitism". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627230.
Texto completo da fonteHarrison, Martin D. "Using game theory to model interspecific brood parasitism in bird populations". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2010. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/6290/.
Texto completo da fontePorneluzi, Paul A. "Effects of forest fragmentation on the biology of the Ovenbird /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9821351.
Texto completo da fonteMcRae, Susan Barbara. "An ecological and genetic analysis of breeding strategies in the moorhen, Gallinula chloropus". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309703.
Texto completo da fonteGroulx, Adam. "Nesting aggregation as a Determinant of Brood Parasitism in Mason Bees (Osmia spp.)". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34322.
Texto completo da fonteHughes, Janice Maryan. "Systematics of New World cuckoos (Aves, Cuculidae) and the evolution of brood parasitism". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0019/NQ27664.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteFernando, Raniero. "Brood parasitism and genetic parentage in Goldeneye ducks, an analysis using DNA fingerprinting". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0027/MQ51602.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteJanishevski, Lisa. "Nest parasitism in red-breasted mergansers (Mergus serrator) in New Brunswick". Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31244.
Texto completo da fonteTucker, Anna. "The occurrence and consequences of conspecific brood parasitism in the Prothonotary Warbler (Protonotaria citrea)". VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3450.
Texto completo da fonteDugger, Bruce D. "The impact of brood parasitism on host fitness in common pochards and tufted ducks /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9809678.
Texto completo da fonteBurhans, Dirk E. "Anti-brood parasite defenses and nest-site selection by forest-edge songbirds in Central Missouri /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9712795.
Texto completo da fonteShizuka, Daizaburo. "Parental strategies and family life of American Coots: brood parasitism, sibling rivalry, and life history /". Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2009. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
Texto completo da fonteKozlovic, Daniel Raymond. "Consequences of brood parasitism by cowbirds on house finches in a new area of sympatry". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0013/NQ27981.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteBegum, Sajeda. "Brood Parasitism in Asian Cuckoos: Different Aspects of Interactions between Cuckoos and their Hosts in Bangladesh". Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for biologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-14913.
Texto completo da fonteEadie, John McAllister. "Alternative reproductive tactics in a precocial bird : the ecology and evolution of brood parasitism in goldeneyes". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29092.
Texto completo da fonteScience, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
Bouchard, M'Liki Jovette. "Determining rates of intraspecific nest parasitism in a colony of Red-breasted Mergansers (Mergus serrator) using microsatellite analysis". Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32764.
Texto completo da fonteBurgham, Mark Colin John. "The impact of brood parasitism by the brown-headed cowbird on the reproductive tactics of the yellow warbler". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5043.
Texto completo da fonteJensen, William Eric. "Spatial variation in brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater) abundance and brood parasitism in the Flint Hills tallgrass prairie /". Search for this dissertation online, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ksu/main.
Texto completo da fonteRasmussen, Justin Lee. "Investigations of evolutionary arms races and host diversity in avian brood parasite systems". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8959.
Texto completo da fonteTate, Douglas Patrick. "Occurrence patterns of the brown-headed cowbird, Molothrus ater, and rates of brood parasitism in island vs. mainland habitats". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ33280.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteAnderson, Michael Gareth. "Evolutionary interactions of brood parasites and their hosts : recognition, communication and breeding biology : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Ecology at Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand". Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1167.
Texto completo da fonteKosciuch, Karl L. "Host-parasite interactions on an experimental landscape". Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/186.
Texto completo da fonteTolvanen, J. (Jere). "Informed habitat choice in the heterogeneous world: ecological implications and evolutionary potential". Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2018. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526218939.
Texto completo da fonteTiivistelmä Eläimet elävät ympäristössä, jossa resurssit ja uhat vaihtelevat ajallisesti ja alueellisesti. Tämä vaihtelu aiheuttaa epävarmuutta eläinten päätöksentekoon, kuten pesimäpaikan valintaan. Hyödyllisten päätösten tekoa voi edesauttaa keräämällä tietoa ympäristön laadusta itsenäisesti tai seuraamalla muiden yksilöiden käytöstä ja menestystä. Tällainen sosiaalisen informaation käyttö on yleistä eläinkunnassa. Tutkin informaation käyttöä ekologisten uhkien (pesäloiset, -pedot) suhteen ja pitkäaikaista informaation käyttöä pesimäpaikan valinnassa luonnonpopulaatioissa. Lisäksi selvitän pesimäpaikan valintaan liittyvän informaation käyton geneettistä periytyvyyttä. Selvitin kokeellisesti, että pesäloisen, käen (Cuculus canorus), isäntälajit voivat käyttää käkien ääntelyä vihjeenä alueellisesta loisintauhasta ja siten välttää korkean uhan alueita pesimäpaikan valinnassa. Toisessa kokeessa havaittiin kirjosieppojen (Ficedula hypoleuca) keräävän tietoa pesäpetouhasta toisen lajin pesätuhojen kautta, kykenevän yhdistämään tiedon erilliseen pesäpaikan ominaisuuteen ja käyttämään tätä assosiaatiota omassa pesäpaikan valinnassa. Kuitenkin vain nuoret naaraat, jotka tekivät valintansa nopeasti, käyttivät kyseistä informaatiota valinnassaan. Lisäksi havaitsin kirjosieppojen keräävän tietoa ympäristön laadusta pesinnän jälkeen vanhojen pesäsisältöjen avulla. Kyseisen tiedon käyttö pesimäpaikan valinnassa seuraavana keväänä vaihteli lintujen sukupuolen ja iän suhteen, kuin myös alueellisesti. Osa linnuista yhdisti pesimäpaikan valinnassaan aikaisempaa, pesinnän jälkeen kerättyä tietoa ja keväällä saatavilla olevaa sosiaalista informaatiota. Geneettinen analyysi viittasi pesimäpaikan valintaan liittyvän informaation käytön alhaiseen additiivisen geneettisen varianssin määrään ja siten alhaiseen geneettiseen periytyvyyteen sepelsiepolla (Ficedula albicollis). Väitöskirjani tulokset kuvaavat uudenlaisia informaation käytön muotoja eläinten pesimäpaikan valinnassa. Havainnot auttavat ymmärtämään pesälois-isäntä rinnakkaisevoluutiota, lajien välisiä vuorovaikutuksia, lajiyhteisöjen toimintaa ja evoluutiota. Yksilöiden välinen vaihtelu informaation käytössä näyttää olevan yleistä, ja lisätutkimuksen tarpeessa. Informaation käytön evolutiivinen potentiaali näyttää rajalliselta, mutta lisätutkimukset eri populaatioilla ja lajeilla ovat tarpeen
Mcclean, Luke Alexander. "Coevolution between brood-parasitic honeyguides and their hosts". Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Science, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32856.
Texto completo da fonteStokke, Bård Gunnar. "Coevolutionary adaptations in avian brood parasites and their hosts". Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-161.
Texto completo da fonteDette prosjektet har satt søkelyset på to problemstillinger knyttet til samevolusjonen mellom parasitt og vert; 1) utvikling av vertstilpasninger som mottrekk mot tilpasninger hos parasitten, med spesiell fokus på eggtilpasninger, og 2) mekanismer som kan forklare den store variasjonen i forsvarsatferd mot kullparasittisme blant ulike verter.
1) Flere gjøk- (Cuculus canorus) stammer eller gentes har utviklet egg som er veldig like vertens egne egg, såkalt eggmimikry, for å vanskeliggjøre vertenes eggavvisning. For å svare på dette har mange verter på sin side gjort det vanskeligere for parasitten ved å utvikle en lavere variasjon i utseende mellom sine egg innen kullet (innenkull-variasjon), og en høyere variasjon mellom egg fra kull til kull (mellomkull-variasjon). Mange nordamerikanske spurvefugler blir benyttet som verter av brunhodetrupialen (Molothrus ater), men denne parasitten har ikke utviklet eggmimikry i forhold til vertseggene. Vi sammenlignet kullvariasjonen mellom spurvefugler i Europa og Nord-Amerika og fant en høyere innenkull-variasjon og en lavere mellomkull-variasjon i eggutseende hos nordamerikanske spurvefugler, selv om forskjellen i innenkull-variasjon mellom kontinentene var mindre enn forventet.Hos europeiske spurvefugler er det i tidligere eksperimenter funnet at det er en sammenheng som forventet mellom avvisningsraten overfor parasittiske ikkemimikry egg og kullvariasjonen i eggutseende. Vi fant at det ikke var noen slik sammenheng hos spurvefugler i Nord-Amerika. Resultatene gir støtte til hypotesen om at parasitter med eggmimikry utøver et betydelig seleksjonstrykk for utvikling av bestemte eggkarakterer hos sine verter.
Vi undersøkte om det var noen forskjell i innenkull-variasjon hos avvisere og akseptorer av parasittegg innen bestemte populasjoner av tre europeiske spurvefugler; rørsanger (Acrocephalus scirpaceus), bokfink (Fringilla coelebs) og munk (Sylvia atricapilla). Det ble funnet at det var en signifikant forskjell i innenkull-variasjon i eggutseende mellom avvisere og akseptorer av kunstige ikke-mimikry gjøkegg i en rørsanger-populasjon i Tsjekkia; avviserne hadde en lavere innenkull variasjon enn akseptorer av slike egg. Denne vertspopulasjonen har en intermediær avvisningsrate overfor ikke-mimikry egg. Et tilsvarende forsøk ble utført hos en bokfink-populasjon i Norge og en munk-populasjon i Tsjekkia. Begge artene er meget gode avvisere av ikke-mimikry egg, noe som indikerer at de aller fleste individer er i stand til å avvise slike egg. Vi valgte derfor å benytte egg fra artsfrender i forsøkene med disse artene. I motsetning til hos rørsangeren fant vi at det ikke var noen forskjell i innenkullvariasjon mellom akseptorer og avvisere av fremmede egg hos bokfink og munk. Hos begge artene ble det funnet at avvisningen av fremmede egg i stor grad avhenger av kontrasten (grad av mimikry) mellom egne egg og parasittegget. Dette viser at selv om individene er i stand til å avvise parasittegg, så finnes det kognitive begrensninger som medfører at egg som utseendemessig ligger under en viss terskelverdi med hensyn til likhet med egne egg vil bli akseptert. Det ble ikke funnet noen indikasjoner på at avvisningsatferden var avhengig av vertenes alder eller av kondisjonelle stimuli for noen av de tre artene. Dette kan tyde på at det er en genetisk basert kobling mellom det å kunne gjenkjenne fremmede egg og innenkull-variasjon.
2) Mange vertsarter viser ingen eller kun intermediære avvisningsrater overfor fremmede ikke-mimikry egg. En slik tilsynelatende suboptimal atferd kan skyldes at det er kostnader forbundet med avvisningen som forhindrer evolusjon av perfekt avvisningsatferd. Slike kostnader kan være feilaktig avvisning av egne egg i uparasitterte reir (gjenkjenningsfeil), eller avvisning av egne egg i tillegg til parasittegget i parasitterte reir (avvisningskostnader). Hos gjøkverter, som ved suksessfull gjøkparasittisme har en reproduktiv suksess tilnærmet lik null, vil kun gjenkjenningsfeil være kilde til et potensielt seleksjonstrykk mot utvikling av høy avvisning av fremmede egg. Vi undersøkte om slike kostnader forekommer hos bokfink og munk; to arter som antas å ha blitt benyttet av gjøken tidligere, men som i dag ikke blir regelmessig parasittert. På grunn av at avvisningsatferden opprettholdes i fravær av parasittisme, forventet vi at disse artene begår få gjenkjenningsfeil.
Undersøkelsen gav støtte til denne prediksjonen; avvisningskostnader i parasitterte reir var relativt høye, men gjenkjenningsfeil i uparasitterte reir var meget sjeldent forekommende.
En hypotese ("spatiell habitat-struktur hypotesen") basert på metapopulasjonsdynamikk og med vekt på karakteristikker vedrørende vertsartenes hekkebiotop ble framsatt for å forklare de store variasjonene i avvisning hos europeiske spurvefugler. Hypotesen bygger på at gjøken benytter de verter som hekker nær utkikkspunkter for parasitten, dvs. nær trær. Arter som hekker både nær og langt fra trær er de beste gjøkvertene, i og med at genflyt fra uparasitterte populasjoner vil forhindre utvikling av perfekt avvisning i parasitterte populasjoner. Arter som alltid hekker nær trær har høye avvisningsrater fordi få eller ingen populasjoner har unnsluppet parasittering, og det har derfor vært sterk seleksjon for utvikling av vertsforsvar. Data for gjøkverter i Europa gav god støtte til hypotesen. Grad av parasitt eggmimikry og parasitteringsrater er høyest hos de vertsarter som kan hekke både langt fra trær og nær trær, noe som tyder på at gjøken har størst suksess hos slike arter.
This thesis deals with two topics in the coevolution between brood parasites and their hosts: 1) evolution of host adaptations against parasite egg mimicry, and 2) sources that could explain the considerable variation in rejection behaviour found among various passerines.
1) Several common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) tribes or gentes in Europe have evolved eggs that are remarkably similar to the host eggs in both size and appearance (i.e. egg mimicry). To counter this adaptation in the parasite, hosts can produce eggs with similar appearance within clutches (low intraclutch variation) as well as eggs with diverging appearance between different clutches (high interclutch variation). Many North American passerines are utilised as hosts by the brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater). However, this parasite generally lays non-mimetic eggs. As predicted, we found that European passerines had a lower intraclutch variation and a higher interclutch variation in egg appearance than North American passerines.
However, the difference in intraclutch variation between the continents was less than expected. A relationship has previously been found among European passerines between the rejection rate of non-mimetic eggs and clutch variation in egg appearance, and this is thought to reflect the stage in the coevolution between parasite and host. We found no evidence of such patterns among North American species. These results provide support for the hypothesis that specific host clutch variation is a counteradaptation against parasite egg mimicry.
We investigated whether there was any difference in clutch variation between acceptors and rejecters of parasitic eggs within populations of three European passerines; reed warblers (Acrocephalus scirpaceus), chaffinches (Fringilla coelebs), and blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla). In a Czech reed warbler population with an intermediate rejection rate of non-mimetic cuckoo eggs, it was found that rejecters had a statistically significant lower intraclutch variation than acceptors of such eggs. Age or conditional stimuli did not seem to have any influence on the rejectionbehaviour. A similar experiment was carried out in a Norwegian chaffinch population and a Czech blackcap population, which, however, were experimentally parasitised with foreign conspecific eggs because they are both very good rejecters of nonmimetic parasitic eggs. We found no difference in intraclutch variation among acceptors and rejecters of foreign eggs in chaffinches and blackcaps. However, it was found that the rejection of conspecific eggs greatly depends upon the contrast (i.e. mimicry) between the parasitic and their own eggs. It therefore seems that even though individuals have the ability to reject foreign eggs, limitations in their cognitive system entails that parasitic eggs that are too similar to the host eggs will be accepted. We also looked for potential effects of age on rejection behaviour and intraclutch variation, but no relationship between these variables was found. The results indicate that in these three species both rejection behaviour and clutch variation are more or less innate features, and also that there is a genetically based linkage between recognition of odd eggs and intraclutch variation in egg appearance.
2) Many hosts of brood parasites show no or only intermediate rejection rates of foreign non-mimetic eggs. Evolution of proper rejection behaviour could be prevented by costs related to egg rejection. Important in this respect are erroneous rejection of their own eggs in non-parasitised nests (recognition errors) and rejection of their own eggs in addition to the parasitic egg in parasitised clutches (rejection costs). Because successful cuckoo parasitism usually is detrimental to the breeding success of the host, only recognition errors are believed to be important as an opposing selective pressure against proper host defence in cuckoo hosts. We examined whether such costs exist in chaffinches and blackcaps. These species maintain a high rejection rate of foreign eggs, even though they are not currently used as hosts by the cuckoo. We therefore predicted that recognition errors should be absent or at least rare in these species. We found support for this prediction; rejection costs were relatively high but recognition errors were at best rare events.
In another investigation, we proposed a hypothesis (the "spatial habitat structure hypothesis") based upon metapopulation dynamics and characteristics concerning host breeding habitats to explain the variation in rejection behaviour found among European passerines. This hypothesis is based upon the fact that the cuckoo, as well as other avian brood parasites, needs access to vantage points in trees to monitor host nests, and thus only species breeding near trees are available as hosts. Our results were very much in accordance with this hypothesis. Species that breed both near and far away from trees are the best cuckoo hosts, because gene flow from non-parasitised populations breeding far from trees will prevent the evolution of proper rejection behaviour in parasitised populations breeding near trees. However, species that always breed near trees have high rejection rates because the majority of the populations have been utilised as hosts, and thus there has been a strong selection for the evolution of host defences. Furthermore, the level of parasite egg mimicry and the level of parasitism was found to be highest among hosts breeding both near and far away from trees, indicating that the cuckoo is most successful when utilising such species as hosts.
Paper VI is not included as a paper in this thesis, but is included as the introduction.
Silva, Emmanuel Moralez da. "Garça-vaqueira (Bulbucus ibis): a diversidade genética no estudo do comportamento reprodutivo e na caracterização da população invasora brasileira". Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/5406.
Texto completo da fonteUniversidade Federal de Sao Carlos
The genetic diversity of the cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) was analyzed to investigate reproductive behavior and characterize Brazilian populations of the species. Genotypes at seven microsatellite loci were used to investigate the occurrence of more than one female laying eggs in the same nest, characterizing the occurrence of multiple maternity. DNA was extracted from swabs collected from the outer surface of eggs and sexed; males were excluded. Forty-eight clutches from two breeding seasons (2010 and 2011) were genetically analyzed. Thirty-nine eggs laid by a second or third female were recorded. In five nests, the first egg of the clutch was from a different female, the laying happening prior to that of the incubating female. Suggesting nest takeover by another pair of egrets that kept the pre-existing eggs together with its own clutch. In the other 43 nests, the hypothesis of brood parasitism was posed to explain why one or two additional females were found laying eggs in a nest. A 463-bp fragment of the mitochondrial DNA control region Domain I was amplified for 148 individuals from seven Brazilian populations to investigate genetic-population and demographic parameters. Genetic diversity indices, the population structure tests Fst and AMOVA, a haplotype network, mismatch distribution and neutrality tests (Tajima s D, Fu s Fs, Fu and Li s D* and F*, Ramos-Onsins and Rozas R2) revealed the following: i) a high level of diversity was recorded for the cattle egret in Brazil in comparison to other closely related species studied in the country; ii) genetic diversity levels determined for the Brazilian regions are similar; iii) genetic structuring was not observed between the seven studied populations; and iv) the different tests performed to determine demographic expansion revealed no significant results. This is the first genetic characterization study for Bubulcus ibis to date and the findings indicate a high degree of plasticity in reproductive behavior and confirm a marked dispersion behavior of the species, leading to the homogenization of Brazilian populations.
A diversidade genética da garça-vaqueira (Bubulcus ibis) foi utilizada para se investigar o comportamento reprodutivo e para se caracterizar populações brasileiras da espécie. Genótipos em locos de microssatélites foram utilizados na detecção da presença de mais de uma fêmea ovipositando em um mesmo ninho, o que pode caracterizar a ocorrência de maternidade múltipla. O DNA extraído dos swabs coletados na superfície externa dos ovos foi sexado e eventuais amostras de machos foram excluídas. Quarenta e oito ninhadas, de duas temporadas reprodutivas (2010 e 2011) foram analisadas geneticamente. Foram registrados 39 ovos ovipositados por uma segunda ou terceira fêmea. Em 33 ninhos foram encontrados genótipos distintos de duas fêmeas e em seis ninhos genótipos de três fêmeas. Em cinco ninhos o primeiro ovo na sequência de oviposição mostrou-se ser de uma fêmea diferente, tendo a oviposição acontecido previamente àquela da fêmea incubante. Esse achado foi explicado supondo a tomada de ninho por um segundo casal de garças, com a manutenção do ovo pré-existente juntamente com os da própria ninhada. Nos outros 43 ninhos, a presença das fêmeas extras foi explicada hipotetizando a ocorrência de parasitismo de ninho intraespecífico. Um fragmento de 463 pb do Domínio I da região controladora do DNA mitocondrial foi amplificado para 148 indivíduos para a investigação de parâmetros genéticopopulacionais e processos demográficos nas sete populações estudadas. A estimativa de índices de diversidade genética, testes de estruturação populacional Fst e AMOVA, a construção de uma rede de relação entre haplótipos, a análise de mudanças no tamanho populacional pela mismatch distribution e a realização de testes de neutralidade (D de Tajima, Fs de Fu, D* e F* de Fu e Li, R2 de Ramos-Onsins e Rozas) permitiram identificar: i) um nível alto de diversidade genética para B. ibis no Brasil, quando comparado a espécies proximamente relacionadas estudadas no país; ii) níveis semelhantes de diversidade genética determinados para as regiões brasileiras; iii) ausência de estruturação genética entre as sete populações estudadas; e iv) ausência de sinais de expansão demográfica pelos testes realizados. Os resultados aqui apresentados são os primeiros resultados genéticos na espécie até o momento e apontam para uma alta plasticidade no comportamento reprodutivo e confirmam a dispersão bastante acentuada da espécie, levando a homogeneização das populações brasileiras.
Mines, Ben Michael. "Interactions between the brood parasitic whydahs and their hosts in southern Africa". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619948.
Texto completo da fonteBörner, Martina. "The life history of brood parasites : co-evolutionary constraints and competitive begging". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608752.
Texto completo da fonteDearborn, Donald C. "Nestling behavior of a brood parasite : food acquisition and predation risk of brown-headed cowbirds /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9837723.
Texto completo da fonteConley, David C. (David Charles). "Hatching, copepodid survival and larval development of Salmincola edwardsii (Crustacea:Copepoda) on brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)". Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61189.
Texto completo da fonteAlbert, Elaine. "Parasite acquisition in relation to brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis population structure in a subarctic lake". Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61846.
Texto completo da fonteMiño, Carolina Isabel. "Genética de populações e relações de parentesco em Ciconiiformes (Aves)". Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/5386.
Texto completo da fonteUniversidade Federal de Sao Carlos
Population genetic parameters and genetic relatedness estimates were carried out for Roseate Spoonbill (Platalea ajaja), Wood Stork (Mycteria americana) and Great Egret (Ardea alba egretta) reproductive colonies in Amapa, Pantanal and Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. Microsatellite genotypes were used to investigate kinship patterns between nestlings sampled inside the same nests, using a variety of analytical approaches. Unrelated nestling-pairs were observed in Roseate Spoonbill nests (6.12% of analyzed nests) and in Wood Stork nests (11.34%); half-siblings were present in Roseate Spoonbill nests as well (1.36%). Only full-siblings were detected inside Great Egret nests. Conspecific brood parasitism (CBP) and extra-pair paternity were proposed to account for the presence of unrelated nestmates and half-siblings, respectively, in Roseate Spoonbill and Wood Stork nests. Those results suggest the occurrence of a mating system different than genetic monogamy in natural populations of those waterbirds. Genetic relatedness was also investigated for adults and offspring, as well as for supposed siblings in Roseate Spoonbill families kept in three zoological facilities in the U.S. Paternity and maternity allocation analyses through maximum-likelihood revealed that errors were present in zoo‟s studbooks in relation to the familial records. We also identified mating between related individuals that were not detected previously by zookeepers. Population genetic parameters were also estimated and demographic processes were assessed for Great Egret reproductive colonies in the Pantanal and Rio Grande do Su, Brazil. Bayesian clustering analyses, assignment tests, analysis of molecular variance, F-statistics estimates, allelic frequency distribution and the G-W index revealed that: i) Pantanal reproductive colonies are genetically differentiated from Rio Grande do Sul colonies; ii) an IBD-like pattern alone cannot explain that differentiation; and iii) genetic signal of a reduction of population size was present for two colonies in the Pantanal and one in Rio Grande do Sul. Results were discussed considering a metapopulation dynamic and also considering that populations from both Brazilian regions represent distinct units and deserve to be treated separately when planning and carrying out conservation and management programs that aim to preserve the species‟ genetic diversity.
Estudos de genética de populações e de parentesco genético foram desenvolvidos em colhereiro (Platalea ajaja), cabeça-seca (Mycteria americana) e garça-branca-grande (Ardea alba egretta), de colônias reprodutivas do Amapá, Pantanal e Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brasil. Genótipos em locos de microssatélites foram utilizados para se investigar os padrões de relacionamento entre ninhegos amostrados dentro dos mesmos ninhos com diferentes metodologias de análise. Pares de ninhegos não-relacionados foram encontrados nos ninhos de colhereiro (6,12% dos pares analisados) e de cabeça-seca (11,34%); meio-irmãos foram observados nos ninhos de colhereiro (1,36%). Em garça branca grande foi detectada apenas a presença de irmãos-completos dentro dos ninhos. Parasitismo de ninho intraespecífico e paternidade extra-par podem explicar a presença de ninhegos não-relacionados e meio-irmãos nos ninhos de colhereiro e cabeça-seca, o que indica a presença de um sistema de acasalamento diferente da monogamia genética nas populações naturais dessas espécies. Relações de parentesco entre adultos e filhotes e entre supostos irmãos foram determinadas em famílias de colhereiro de três zoológicos dos EUA. Análises de atribuição de maternidade e paternidade por máxima verossimilhança revelaram erros nos registros dos zoológicos quanto às relações progenitor-progênie e identificaram acasalamentos entre indivíduos aparentados que não tinham sido registrados. Parâmetros genético-populacionais e processos demográficos foram investigados em populações de garça-branca-grande do Pantanal e do Rio Grande do Sul. Análises Bayesianas, testes de alocação de indivíduos, análises de variância molecular, estimativa de estatísticas F, exame da distribuição das freqüências alélicas e cálculo do índice de G-W permitiram identificar que: i) há diferenciação genética significativa entre colônias reprodutivas do Pantanal e do Rio Grande do Sul; ii) o padrão de isolamento pela distância não explica essa diferenciação; e iii) duas populações no Pantanal e uma população no RS apresentaram sinais genéticos de redução demográfica. Os resultados foram discutidos considerando que as populações de garça-branca-grande localizadas no Pantanal e no Rio Grande do Sul são unidades populacionais independentes e devem se tratar separadamente no planejamento e desenvolvimento de programas de manejo para a conservação da diversidade genética total da espécie.
Wright, Bernard James. "Effects of intensive stock reduction on a brook trout population and its parasite community". Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60691.
Texto completo da fonteShull, Heather C. "Demography, selection and comparative molecular evolution in brood parasitic indigobirds (vidua spp.) and their firefinch (lagonosticta spp.) hosts". Thesis, Boston University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/31601.
Texto completo da fontePLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
The interaction of natural selection and genetic drift is key to understanding patterns of genomic variation and the adaptation of organisms to their environments. I examined how demographic and selective factors shape patterns of genetic variation at the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) in three species of brood parasitic indigobirds ( Vidua spp.) and their firefinch hosts (Lagonosticta spp.). These two genera experience similar ecological and physiological conditions due to their close contact and shared environment as nestlings, but they have vastly different demographic histories. I characterized variation at the second exon of Class IIB MHC loci by 454 amplicon sequencing. Results suggest a minimum of three to four putatively functional MHC Class IIB loci. Balancing selection appears to outweigh genetic drift to maintain nearly equal variation at MHC loci in the two genera, despite estimates from neutral loci indicating that indigobirds have a long-tetm effective population size about one-tenth that of firefinches. Balancing selection at MHC is likely influenced by avian haematozoan parasites. I compared malarial infections in indigobirds and firefinches by amplifying and sequencing a portion of the haematozoan cytochrome b gene from avian blood samples. Indigo birds exhibit a lower prevalence of avian malaria than firefinches and other sympatric estrildids, but share more parasite lineages with their hosts than they do with non-hosts. A reduction in parasite load due to reduced reproductive effort may be a general life history advantage of brood parasitism, while close association in the nest may facilitate host-switching in some endoparasites. I found no significant relationships between MHC genotype and infection status in either indigobirds or firefinches. Shared genetic variation among species can also represent retained ancestral polymorphism, which is now widely recognized as a complicating factor in phylogeny estimation. The extent of retained ancestral polymorphism and discordance among gene trees should be a function of variable demographic history among lineages. Using firefinches as an example of a genus with a typical bifurcating evolutionary history, I reconstructed demographic and speciation history using a multi-locus coalescent method (BEST), which more appropriately incorporates the stochastic effects of genetic drift than single-locus or concatenation approaches, and found that gene tree incongruence correlated with time between divergence events but not with population sizes.
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Waghchoure-Camphor, Elizabeth S. "Studies on the biology and control of Tropilaelaps clareae : Asian parasitic brood mites in Apis mellifera colonies in Islamabad Pakistan". Thesis, Cardiff University, 1998. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364646.
Texto completo da fonteHanekom, Marc C. "The effect of brood and queen pheromones, as well as the colony environment, in the success of Apis mellifera capensis social parasites". Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/426.
Texto completo da fonteMelathopoulos, Adony P. "Laboratory and field evaluation of neem pesticides for the control of honey bee mite parasites Varroa jacobsoni and Acarapis woodi and brood pathogens Paenibacillus larvae and Ascophaera apis". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ51417.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteBazin, Ronald C. "Defences against brood parasitism in the eastern kingbird". 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/12127.
Texto completo da fonteMedina-Guzman, Iliana. "Macroevolutionary outcomes of coevolution between avian brood parasites and their hosts". Phd thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/101811.
Texto completo da fonteClotfelter, Ethan D. "Impact of brown-headed cowbird brood parasitism on red-winged blackbirds and factors influencing patterns of parasitism". 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/40742915.html.
Texto completo da fonteLemos, Sharon A. C. "Host suitability in the Diderik cuckoo Chrysococcyx caprius - ploceid brood parasitism breeding system". Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4816.
Texto completo da fonteThesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2003.
Underwood, Todd J. "Proximate and ultimate influences on egg recognition and rejection behaviour in response to avian brood parasitism". 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/15737.
Texto completo da fonteKlippenstine, Dwight Russell. "Can egg mimicry by brown-headed cowbirds explain the acceptance of brood parasitism by grassland passerines?" 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/18095.
Texto completo da fonteCurson, David R. "Nest predation and brood parasitism of passerine birds in pinyon-juniper woodland in northeast New Mexico". 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/36668003.html.
Texto completo da fonteTypescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.
Fonnesbeck, Christopher James. "The abundance, distribution and brood parasitism of upland-breeding warbling vireos in a fragmented forest landscape". Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/8081.
Texto completo da fonteAbernathy, Virginia. "Investigating the first stages of coevolution between the Pacific koel and its newest host,the red wattlebird". Phd thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/128297.
Texto completo da fonteGuigueno, Melanie Francoise. "Acceptance or Rejection of Cowbird Parasitism: Cues Used in Decision-Making by Yellow Warblers (Dendroica petechia)". 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/3958.
Texto completo da fonte