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Valcheva, Penka. "LEARNING THE PALKEN LANGUAGE AS AN OFFICIAL DIALECT OF THE BANATIAN BULGARIANS". Knowledge International Journal 34, n.º 6 (4 de outubro de 2019): 1671–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij34061671v.
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Banat Bulgarians are a special descendant of the centuries-old tree of the Bulgarian ethnic group. Descendants of the displaced from Nikopol and Svishtov after the rout of the Chuprov’s uprising in 1688, they have lived in Banat for 281 years and have preserved their language, traditions and Bulgarian consciousness. Despite their affiliation to Catholicism, they continue to be referred to as “palkene” as a remembrance of their Pavlikian past. After Bulgaria's liberation from Turkish slavery, some of the Banat Bulgarians returned to their homeland, again seeking subsistence and a better life, and founded the villages of Dragomirovo, Gostilya, Bardarski Geran, Bregare and Asenovo. Banat Bulgarians use their own language, which they call "Palken". His writing is based on the Croatian Latin version, and preserves many ancient forms of the language spoken in Bulgaria. The main principle in the Bulgarian Palken spelling is phonetic, ie. it is written as it is pronounced. In lexical terms, there are many borrowing from the Banat Bulgarians from German, Hungarian and Serbian, which is due to the close contacts of Banat Bulgarians with other people in the multi-ethnic Banat. Despite the foreign influence, the dialect form and the use of Latin instead of Cyrillic, the Banat Bulgarians emphasize the Bulgarian character in their language. The Bulgarian Palken language is used in literature, the press, the church and the media with minor differences due to the different dialects. In the period 1860-1896 it was the main language of teaching in the Bulgarian school in Banat, from 1896 to 1918 it was replaced by Hungarian, and then – by Romanian or Serbian. In Bulgaria, the Palken language was functional in the late 18th and early 20th centuries. Today the Banat Bulgarians have turned their dialect in a second Bulgarian literary language, publishing a large number of textbooks, calendars, books, prayer books, newspapers and magazines, through which the few who know and use the Palken language seek to influence others in their community and save it from destruction and oblivion. Nowadays, this language continues to be alive and real in the culture and everyday life of Bulgarian families who have migrated from Bulgaria due to historical circumstances more than two hundred years ago in Serbian, Romanian and Hungarian Banat. This report examines the specifics of the graphical system of the Bulgarian Palken language by comparing them with the modern Bulgarian language.
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Tertychna, Anna. "The Bulgarian National Minority in Ukraine in Bulgaria-Ukraine Relations: The Impact on Ukraine’s Image in Bulgaria". Diplomatic Ukraine, n.º XX (2019): 520–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2019-32.
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The article deals with the issues of observance of the rights of the Bulgarian national minority in Ukraine as an element of forming a positive image of Ukraine in Bulgaria. The issue of the rights and freedoms of ethnic Bulgarians in Bessarabia first arose in the bilateral relations between the Ukrainian people’s Republic and the Kingdom of Bulgaria after the establishment of diplomatic relations in accordance with the Ukraine-Bulgaria Supplementary Treaty of 12 February 1918. The informational explanation of the UNR’s open policy on national minorities immediately became an integral part of the activities of the first Ukrainian diplomatic mission in Sofia. Ethnic Bulgarians won the right to revive the study of their native language, history, and identity only after the restoration of Ukraine’s independence in 1991. In particular, the non-governmental sector has played a significant role in shaping Bulgaria’s state policy towards foreign Bulgarians. The article analyses the existing Ukraine-Bulgaria agreements that regulate relations between Ukraine and Bulgaria in the issue of the rights of Bulgarian and Ukrainian citizens of Ukrainian origin, as well as the legislative framework of Bulgaria in the field of state policy towards foreign Bulgarians. Despite the sensitivity of the Bulgarian society to the topic of foreign Bulgarians in Ukraine, which was and still is their largest and oldest historical Diaspora, the guarantee of the rights of ethnic, linguistic, cultural and religious identity of persons of Bulgarian nationality and Ukrainian nationality is enshrined in the Ukrainian-Bulgarian international treaties. The article highlights the impact of the issue of the Bulgarian national minority on the political dialogue between Ukraine and Bulgaria. Special attention is paid to the issues of ensuring the language rights of Ukrainian ethnic Bulgarians in the context of recent changes in Ukrainian legislation. Keywords: Ukraine, Bulgaria, Ukraine-Bulgaria relations, rights of the national Bulgarian minority, positive image of Ukraine.
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Georgieva, Anna. "MODULE BULGARIAN LANGUAGE AS SECOND LANGUAGE IN CURRICULAR TRAINING PROGRAMS FUNCTIONING ABROAD". Knowledge International Journal 28, n.º 3 (10 de dezembro de 2018): 779–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij2803779a.
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The article presents the curriculum included in the module "Bulgarian as a Second " language in the Curricula for Bulgarian Language and Literature, organized abroad "from the first to the fourth grade. In these programs the language competence is defined in the degrees of the Pan-European Language Framework - A, B, C. Bulgarian language education outside Bulgaria is realized 3 hours a week in Bulgarian Sunday schools. The aim is for Bulgarian students abroad to master their mother tongue on a comparable level to that of their peers, the learners in Bulgaria. At the end of the fourth grade, the Bulgarians abroad are expected to reach level A2.2. of fluency in Bulgarian language of the Pan-European Language Framework.
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Katunin, D. A. "Language in Bulgarian Legislation". Rusin, n.º 62 (2020): 194–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/62/11.
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The article aims to analyse Bulgaria’s provisions of the laws and international treaties that regulate the use and functioning of languages in the country since the restoration of the Bulgarian statehood at the end of the 19th century to the present day (that is, monarchical, socialist and modern periods). The evolution of this aspect of the Bulgarian national law is analysed depending on the form of government in the particular era of the state’s existence. The article examines Bulgaria’s relations with neighboring Balkan countries throughout their development, including numerous wars, which were primarily based on attempts to solve ethnic problems. Based on the results of the censuses of the population of Bulgaria and Eastern Rumelia, data are provided on the dynamics of the absolute and relative number of Bulgarians and major national minorities and on the number of those who indicated their native languages. The significance of the study is due to the fact that the Balkan Peninsula, although being on the periphery of current processes in the modern geopolitical paradigm, not being their actor and being divided into a dozen states, still played and is playing one of the leading roles in the European and world histories. The study of language legislation, as one of the key elements of language policy, makes it possible to identify a variety of aspects of interethnic relations both in the historical, retrospective and long-term perspective. In addition, the study of this issue may be in demand when considering interethnic conflict situations in other problem areas. The article concludes that the language legislation of Bulgaria is characterized by significant minimalism in comparison with similar aspects of law in many European countries, and the linguistic rights of national minorities in Bulgaria are minimally reflected in the considered laws of the state.
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Kyuchukov, Hristo. "Turkish, Bulgarian and German Language Mixing Among Bulgarian Muslim Roma in Germany". East European Journal of Psycholinguistics 6, n.º 2 (27 de dezembro de 2019): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/eejpl.2019.6.2.kyu.
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The paper presents the phenomenon of language mixing with Bulgarian by Muslim Roma migrants from northeastern Bulgaria in Berlin, Germany. They identify as Turks and in their everyday communication speak mainly Bulgarian and old variety of Turkish, in the scientific literature known as Balkanized Turkish. They can speak relatively little German and have low proficiency in the language. The paper describes the language mixing as well as the forms of code-switching between Turkish, Bulgarian and German. These linguistic and social phenomena within the Muslim Roma community are analysed within the framework of several sociolinguistic theories regarding code-switching and bilingualism. The theory of J. Gumperz (1962) about communication matrix is used and patterns of Turkish- Bulgarian, Turkish-German and Turkish-Bulgarian-German are presented and analysed. The grammatical categories which are switched in the Turkish-Bulgarian-German language contacts, involve nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and negations. However, code-switching is used only in communication with other Bulgarians. In communication with Turks from Turkey they switch only between Turkish and German and use another variety of Turkish.
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Fishman, J. (1997). Language and ethnicity: the view from within. In F. Coulmas, (Ed.) The Handbook of Sociolinguistics. (pp. 327-343). Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
Giray, B. (2015). Code-switching among Bulgarian Muslim Roma in Berlin. In D. Zeyrek, C. S. Simsek, U. Atasand J. Rehbein (Eds.), Ankara papers in Turkish and Turkic linguistics. (pp. 420-430). Wiesbaden: Harassowitz.
Gumperz, J. J. (1962). Types of linguistic communities. Anthropological Linguistics 4(1), 28-40.
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Kyuchukov, H. 2007. Turkish and Roma children learning Bulgarian. Veliko Tarnovo: Faber.
Matras, Y. (1990). On the emergence of finite subordination in Balkan Turkish. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Turkish Linguistics, SOAS, (17-19 August, 1990).
Matras, Y. (2004). Layers of convergent syntax in Macedonian Turkish. Mediterranean Language Review, 15, 63-86.
Matras, Y. (2009). Language Contact. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Matras, Y. and Tufan, Ş. 2007. Grammatical borrowing in Macedonian Turkish. In Y. Matras and J. Sakel (Eds.), Grammatical Borrowing in Cross-linguistic Perspective. (pp. 215-227). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Nikolskij, L.B. (1976). Sinhronnaja Lingvistika [Synchronous Linguistics]. Moskow: Nauka.
Schiffman, H. (1997). Diglossia as a sociolinguistic situation. In F. Coulmas, (Ed.), The Handbook of Sociolinguistics. (pp. 205-216). Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
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Klimova, Ksenia A., e Elena S. Uzeneva. "Language Policy and Language Situation in Dynamics: Pomaks of Northern Greece". Vestnik slavianskikh kul’tur [Bulletin of Slavic Cultures] 66 (2022): 148–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2022-66-148-160.
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The paper comes up with a synchronous-diachronic analysis of the linguistic situation in one of the isolated cultural and linguistic enclaves of the Balkan Peninsula: the district of Xanthi in the region of Thrace in Northern Greece, on the Bulgarian-Greek border. Here, in a remote mountainous area, live Muslim Slavs, ethnic Bulgarians, representing a minority ethnolinguistic and cultural-confessional group that has existed for a long time in a foreign language and other religious environment among Orthodox Greeks. In the historical past, this community formed a single whole with the Muslim Bulgarians who now live within the boundaries of the Republic of Bulgaria. This minority is the object of the language and cultural policy of three states: Greece, Turkey and Bulgaria. Note that the Greek authorities for a long time 1920s–1990s (excluding the period of Bulgarian rule in 1941–1944) pursued a policy of de-Bulgarization of this population. As a result, today the degree of its Turkicization (due to the influence of Islam, the study of the Koran in Turkish and the active position of Turkey) is quite high. It should be noted that the Bulgarian-speaking communities in Northern Greece are not the object of the Bulgarian language policy, which is carried out by disinterested officials and politicians who ignore the opinions and assessments of Bulgarian dialectologists and sociolinguists. The study focuses on ethnonyms and exonyms as important factors in the formation of the Pomaks' linguistic identity: the self-name of the speakers of these dialects is Pomaks, Ahryans. The ethnonym Pomaks was introduced and continues to be actively used to discuss the new Greek policy towards the Bulgarian-speaking population of Greece; the linguonym Pomaks was also formed from it. Earlier in Greece, the term Slavophones ('speakers of the Slavic language') was used, cf. new pomakophones. In the 90s of the 20th century and early 21th century a number of scientists (V. Friedman, A. D. Dulichenko, A. Ioannidou, K. Voss, M. Nomati, M. Henzelmann, K. Steinke) considered Pomak to be one of the literary microlanguages of the southern Slavia, noting that it is characterized by the diversity of the script used and poor functionality. There were appropriate grounds for this (codification, publication of dictionaries and grammar, textbooks, etc.). But the impetus for the “creation” of the literary language of the Pomaks was the political task of the country's leadership. At present, Pomak (Southern Rodhopian, Bulgarian) dialects in Greece have an unwritten character (they are used exclusively for oral communication in the family and village, microsociety). Despite the presence of certain signs of the formation of the literary language among the Pomaks, the modern language situation and language policy do not contribute to its existence and functioning. We rely on both published sources and our own field materials collected during two ethnolinguistic expeditions carried out in 2018 and 2019, as well as online in 2021, and will try to present preliminary results of the study of the current state of the language and language policy. Let us note the importance of modern interdisciplinary approaches to the study of the phenomenon of intercultural communication, which are based on the dialogue of languages and cultures, and which necessitated the description of new linguistic conditions and consideration of the importance of not so much Greek as Turkish as a means of intra — and interethnic communication in the specific genre.
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Hergüvenç, Begüm, e Mehmet Hacısalihoğlu. "Inclusion and Exclusion: Image and Perceptions of Turkish Migrants in Bulgaria and Turkey". Balkanistic Forum 30, n.º 2 (1 de junho de 2021): 38–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v30i2.3.
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This paper deals with the image and perceptions that Turkish migrants from Bulgaria had about the Turks in Turkey, the Turkish state, Bulgarians, and the Bulgarian state both before and after 1989. Perceptions of the Turkish minority among the Bulgarian communist elite are analysed according to published reports and statements made by Bulgarian Communist Party members. The perceptions that Turkish migrants had about Bulgaria and Turkey are the main focus of this study which is based on field research and interviews conducted with Turkish migrants from Bulgaria now living in Turkey. This article shows that these migrants held both positive and negative perceptions of Bulgaria and Turkey, largely depending on the context. The Turkish minority in Bulgaria was regarded as a problem for the Communist government and as an in-ternal enemy to the Bulgarian state. Moreover, the locals in Turkey regarded the Turkish migrants from Bulgaria as “Bulgarian migrants” who possessed a non-Muslim or “liberal” culture. In this way, they experienced exclusionary attitudes from their neighbours both in Bulgaria and in Turkey. The Turks of Bulgaria perceived the Communist regime as oppressive and as a threat to their Turkish identity. Despite their dislike of the regime, prior to the period of forced assimilation that began in 1984, they still possessed a relatively positive perception about the Bulgarian people. Interestingly, while they perceive Turkey as their homeland, they nonetheless held certain prejudices against the local population in Turkey. All of these various interaction helped to strengthen their group identity as migrants from Bulgaria.This paper deals with the image and perceptions that Turkish migrants from Bulgaria had about the Turks in Turkey, the Turkish state, Bulgarians, and the Bulgarian state both before and after 1989. Perceptions of the Turkish minority among the Bulgarian communist elite are analysed according to published reports and statements made by Bulgarian Communist Party members. The perceptions that Turkish migrants had about Bulgaria and Turkey are the main focus of this study which is based on field research and interviews conducted with Turkish migrants from Bulgaria now living in Turkey. This article shows that these migrants held both positive and negative perceptions of Bulgaria and Turkey, largely depending on the context. The Turkish minority in Bulgaria was regarded as a problem for the Communist government and as an internal enemy to the Bulgarian state. Moreover, the locals in Turkey regarded the Turkish migrants from Bulgaria as “Bulgarian migrants” who possessed a non-Muslim or “liberal” culture. In this way, they experienced exclusionary attitudes from their neighbours both in Bulgaria and in Turkey. The Turks of Bulgaria perceived the Communist regime as oppressive and as a threat to their Turkish identity. Despite their dislike of the regime, prior to the period of forced assimilation that began in 1984, they still possessed a relatively positive perception about the Bulgarian people. Interestingly, while they perceive Turkey as their homeland, they nonetheless held certain prejudices against the local population in Turkey. All of these various interaction helped to strengthen their group identity as migrants from Bulgaria.
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Mihailova, Antoaneta, e Kalina Minkova. "RECEPTION OF THE FOREIGNNESS – MIGRANT LITERATURE AS CULTURAL TRANSFER". Ezikov Svyat volume 18 issue 2, ezs.swu.v18i2 (30 de junho de 2020): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v18i2.13.
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The article reviews the distinction between emigrant, immigrant and migrant literature from the perspective of the contemporary Bulgarian literary criticism. The body of emigrant literature is regarded as comprising the works of nineteenthcentury Bulgarian authors (Rakovski, Karavelov, Vazov) who wrote in Bulgarian and intended their works for the Bulgarian readership. The works from the first half of the twentieth century, written in Bulgarian by Bulgarian authors living mostly in Germany and France, are perceived as part of the Bulgarian literature from this period on the grounds of their engaging with themes recognized as characteristically Bulgarian (Elisaveta Bagryana, Pencho Slaveykov, Kiril Hristov, Svetoslav Minkov etc.). The Bulgarian intellectuals who moved to Western Europe in three immigrant waves after 1944, however, wrote in the language of the country in which they settled. This is the reason why Bulgarian literary criticism did not acknowledge their works as part of Bulgarian literature. The authors this article deals with – Ilija Trojanov, Dimitre Dinev and Tzveta Sofronieva – do not deny their Bulgarian origins. They have chosen to write in German in order to be understood by readers in their new country. The German-speaking readership regards them as mediators between Bulgarian history, traditions and culture and the German, respectively Austrian, society precisely because they have rendered Bulgarians and the Bulgarian past in a language that is easy to understand. The interest in Bulgarian authors writing in languages other than Bulgarian in Western Europe peaked in the years immediately preceding and following Bulgaria’s accession to the European Union as the Western European citizens wanted to find out more about the new country in the Union. With their established reputation as eminent artists, these authors continue to cast a bridge between the two cultures. Their works keep being translated into many different languages and have won prestigious international awards.
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Keremidchieva, Slavka. "Езикът на българските общности извън България / The Language of Bulgarian Communities abroad". Journal of Bulgarian Language 67, n.º 04 (30 de novembro de 2019): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47810/bl.67.20.04.01.
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The papers published in this issue of Balgarski ezik are unified by the idea of presenting the peculiarities of the language varieties spoken by Bulgarian communities that live outside the state borders of present-day Bulgaria. In these new studies, one can trace the influence of the scientific ideas, theoretical views and remarkable teaching activity of an eminent Bulgarian scholar, Prof. Ivan Kochev, to whose 85th anniversary this issue is dedicated. He was the first of a generation of scholars succeeding the classics of Bulgarian linguistics such as Lyubomir Miletich, Stefan Mladenov and Benyo Tsonev to turn the study of the Bulgarian language throughout its historical territory, both within and outside the contemporary borders of Bulgaria, into his “symbol of faith”. In addition, some of the articles discuss the current state of the language spoken by the Bulgarian diaspora. The first two papers present recent lexical and phonetic data from the dialects of two Bulgarian villages in the Prizren Region that provide further evidence on the geographical position of the western boundary of the Bulgarian language continuum. The material has been collected by the authors of the articles in recent years as a result of personal field research. Luchia Antonova-Vasileva’s study On the Distinction of Dialects of Closely Related Languages at the Lexical Level explores the dialectal differences between Bulgarian and Serbian on the basis of lexical data from a recently studied Bulgarian dialect spoken in the Republic of Kosovo. Revealing the dialect-specific, common Bulgarian and common Slavic tiers of the vocabulary of the dialect of the village of Rahovets in the Prizren Region, the author undoubtedly proves its Bulgarian nature. In her paper The Reflexes of the Proto-Slavic Combinations *tj, *dj, *kt’ and Palatalisation Changes in the Plosives т, д, к and г in the Phonetic System of the Dialect of the Village of Rechane, Prizren Region – New Data, Iliyana Garavalova adduces authentic, although not very abundant, dialect material which corroborates the existence of one of the most typical diagnostic phonetic features of the Bulgarian language – the reflexes шт, жд – in the dialect of the Prizren village of Rechane. Georgi Mitrinov studies The Bulgarian Immigrants’ Dialect of the Village of Musabeyli, Edirne Region in comparison with the Rhodope dialect of the village of Vievo, Smolyan Region, where the inhabitants of Musabeyli hail from. The author discusses the linguistic data in light of historical, geographical and demographic information about the village over a period spanning more than 100 years and continuing into the present day. Based on material from the dialect of the residents of seven villages in the Tsaribrod Region collected by the author himself, Kiril Parvanov analyses the dialect’s most significant archaic features in the domain of morphology. Pointing out the symmetrical bilingualism observed in the dialect of the population of the Western Outlands, he provides linguistic data that clearly prove its Bulgarian character. An intriguing addition to the analysis are several recipes revealing unknown folk medicine practices and experience. Daniela Andrei’s paper The Bulgarian Ethnic Minorities in Oltenia, Romania. The Language of the Inhabitants of Sviniţa as an Ethnographic Group within the Bulgarian People is a contribution to the study of the language and culture of Bulgarian minorities in Romania. The author discusses archaic and recent phonetic features of the ancient dialect of the village of Sviniţa in Mehedinţi County, which shares common features with the dialect of the village of Novo Selo, Vidin Region. She goes on to make an overview of the rich bibliography on this topic, concluding that the language and culture of the Bulgarian minority in Oltenia merit further research. Ana Kocheva adds new details To the Characterisation of the Mixed Language of Second-Generation Viennese Bulgarians. As noted by the author, the language of Viennese Bulgarians preserves major features of the Bulgarian language, but bilingualism of a subordinate type is also observed. The variability between Bulgarian and German typical for the first generation of Bulgarian emigrants is gradually being replaced through the natural stabilisation of the German elements. Katerina Usheva traces the interesting Historical Development of the Old Bulgarian Etymological Vowel А (Я) in the Dialects of the Southern Part of the Э Isoglottal Zone (the regions of Razlog, Sandanski, Petrich, Gotse Delchev, Drama, Serres and Thessaloniki) and emphasises on the archaic nature of the umlaut in the Razlog and Thessaloniki Regions. Simeon Stefanov studies A Peculiarity in the Description of the Local Traditional Clothes Made by the Administration of the Shumen Region in 1888 (On Material from Archive 427 l. 68a-80a). The author analyses the lexis and style of hitherto unexplored documents from the late-19th century which provide data on the way different social and ethnic groups dressed in post-Liberation Bulgaria. The featured articles by established and younger scholars are a contribution to the study of the language of Bulgarian communities abroad that undoubtedly show that even today, whether spoken in or outside the boundaries of the Bulgarian language continuum, these language varieties preserve the most important characterristics of Bulgarian.
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Abadzhieva, Magdalena, e Mariyana Tsibranska-Kostova. "The Literature of the Bulgarian Catholics in a Chrestomathy: Challenges of Linguodidactics and Cultural Studies". Chuzhdoezikovo Obuchenie-Foreign Language Teaching 50, n.º 3 (20 de junho de 2023): 294–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/for23.331knij.
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The article outlines the scope and methodological principles for the compilation of a Chrestomathy with samples of the literature of the Bulgarian Catholics in the period XVII – XXI centuries. Its significant representatives from diachrony to synchrony are summarized. The project of the Chrestomathy aims at delineating the cultural identity of the marginal group of Banat Bulgarians as part of a much larger and long-standing tradition. Such a product of linguodidactics and literary history would be useful not only for Bulgarian studies, but also for the typological study of foreign linguistic and literary influences on the Bulgarian Catholic community in Bulgaria and abroad, for the interlanguage contacts of Bulgarian with Latin, Italian, Croatian, Romanian, Hungarian language.
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Zafer, Zeynep. "The Establishing of the First Bulgarian Language аnd Literature Academic Department in Turkey". Balkanistic Forum 32, n.º 2 (1 de junho de 2023): 196–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v32i2.11.
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Russian Language and Literature is among the first foreign philologies established in the officially opened in 1935 Faculty of Languages, History and Geography in Ankara. In 1962 Bulgarian language began to be taught at the Language School of the Land Forces in Istanbul. The forced change of the names of the Turks in Bulgaria in 1984-1985, which caused a deterioration in bilateral relations, delayed the establishment of the planned bachelor's program in Bulgarian language and literature in the early 1980s. Thus, Polish Language and Literature (1987/1988) overtook Bulgarian studies and became the second philological specialty of the Slavic languages, opened at the University of Ankara. 1991 is the birth date of the academic department university specialty Bulgarian language and literature in Turkey, when the first group of students was admitted. For 32 years, it went through various stages of development or stagnation, but retained its status as a specialty. This article aims to present her previously unexplored and unknown history.
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Vukov-Raffai, Eva, e Judit Raffai. "Language and identity of the Bulgarians in Skorenovac". Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, n.º 180 (2021): 669–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn2180669v.
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The study presents the identity of Bulgarians in Skorenovac concerning their mother tongue use, bilingualism, religion and customs, based on linguistic and ethnographic fieldwork done in the past four years. It analyzes those main social and historical factors which were a drift for the identity of ?Paltyans? (Catholic Bulgarians living in Southern Banat). Paltyans living in Skorenovac, as part of the Catholic Bulgarian community in Banat, represent a hidden minority, and social cohesion within the community is guaranteed by their language, religion and customs. According to these, in our study we will examine elements of identity of Bulgarians living in Banat, based on metalingual narratives of several representatives of the Bulgarian language community. As a result of our research, some historic and social events and practices become visible, which induced almost complete termination of the mother tongue of Banat Bulgarians. Bulgarians in Skorenovac experienced a language shift due to their surroundings, speaking mainly Hungarian starting from the end of the 19th century. Further elements of their identity: tradition, religion, belonging to an ethnic community, all these are closely related to Banat Bulgarian identity. However, elements of the Bulgarian language occur very rarely.
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Leоntyeva, Anna A., e Ekaterina N. Struganоva. "Features of spiritual culture and historical memory of people in Bulgarian-Turkish village of Slavyanovo". Slavic Almanac, n.º 1-2 (2020): 400–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2073-5731.2020.1-2.3.03.
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The field research in village of Slavyanovo (community of Popovo, Targovishte region, Bulgaria) was held in August 2019. The village was chosen because of its mixed national composition specificity: the basis of Slavic part of the village consists of the descendants of Bulgarians from the Balkan, which came there after the Ottoman-Russian war. Turkish people of Slavyanovo are divided into indigenous people, whose ancestors lived there in Ottoman time, and migrants from Kardzali and other traditionally Turkish regions of Bulgaria, which appeared in the village in the second half of the 20th century. There are several folk versions of the history of migrations, which are significantly different. The task of the study was to collect linguistic, ethnographic and historical material for further analyses of the basic values in the life of the modern Turkish-Bulgarian village, namely: language and communication, tolerance, ancestral memory, history of the homeland, faith and religious denominations, rituals, folklore etc. During the field work we looked at the history of the village and historical memory of its villagers, linguistic situation. The analyses of the data helps us infer, that cultural differences gradually lessen. Also, there are no contradictions between Turks and Bulgarians. We can observe the borrowings and infiltrations of the language elements (given the dominance of the Bulgarian as the state language), while Turks borrow the most frequent words, denoting household objects, and cliched expressions from Bulgarian language.
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Sikimic, Biljana, e Motoki Nomaci. "Linguistic landscape of memorial spaces in multinational communities: The case of Banat Bulgarians in Serbia". Juznoslovenski filolog 72, n.º 1-2 (2016): 7–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jfi1602007s.
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For the linguistic landscape analysis of private signs of Banat Bulgarians we chose two cemeteries, both of them multiethnic, since Banat Bulgarians in Serbia do not form a majority population in any village. The cemetery in Jasa Tomic/Modos is religiously mixed, but the Catholic and Orthodox part are still divided. Banat Bulgarians in Konak village are buried in the Catholic cemetery; there is a separate Orthodox cemetery for the majority population. These two villages (Jasa Tomic and Konak) were selected because they share a similar situation from the diachronic socio-linguistical point of view: apart for a brief time during World War II, the Bulgarian/Paulician language was hardly taught since the early 20th century; Bulgarian was used only in the family and the Catholic church (there are prayer books in Banat Bulgarian); there were many mixed marriages; there was no revival of language and culture As inscriptions on all existing Banat Bulgarian Cyrillic headstones are in Serbian and none of the cemeteries visited have inscriptions in Bulgarian, or rather in the Bulgarian Cyrillic, this indicates that the use and knowledge of standard Bulgarian is limited among the Banat Bulgarians. At the same time, the use of Banat Bulgarian in the Latin alphabet on a proportionally large number of headstones up to the end of the 20th century in the Serbian part of the Banat, and also actively today in Vinga in the Romanian part of Banat, indicates the great importance of the Banat Bulgarian language in preserving the identity of Banat Bulgarians.
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Ivanova, Verka, e Velin Petrov. "Bulgarian Language Curricula in School Education – Current State and Prospects". Bulgarski Ezik i Literatura-Bulgarian Language and Literature 64, n.º 5 (22 de outubro de 2022): 490–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/bel2022-5-4vv.
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The article analyzes the current Bulgarian language curricula in primary and secondary education. A number of problems are pointed out both in the curricula and in the overall process of teaching Bulgarian from the 1st to the 12th grade. Consequently, measures which could significantly improve the quality of the educational process are proposed. The level of the Bulgarian language education at school and in higher education has a leading role in raising the authority of the Bulgarian language, in making the native Bulgarian speakers literate and in preserving the national and the cultural identity of the Bulgarians in the globalizing world.
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Stoyanov, Stiliyan. "Mass Ideologies for Young Men and Women". Balkanistic Forum 30, n.º 3 (5 de outubro de 2021): 273–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v30i3.15.
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The article focuses on the projections of mass ideologies in the 1940s in periodicals for children and adolescents. The spirit of the time reflected in literary plots is analyzed: cult to action, not knowledge, joy of the national unification of the Bulgarians, readiness for self-sacrifice. The ideas of education of the Bulgarian youth, developed in the book of Naiden Sheitanov and Naiden Pamukchiev "The Great Bulgarian Youth" and their popularization in the periodicals for children and adolescents are compared. The behavior of Bulgarian writers who were equally well adapted to the ideology of Great Bulgarian nationalism and the proletarian internationalism that followed it after 1944 is commented. The author pays attention to the socio-cultural contexts in which the ideologies for young people and virgins in Bulgaria are developed.
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TILEV, ENCHO. "ЗА УПОТРЕБАТА НА НЕОЛОГИЗМА КАНСЕЛИРАМ В БЪЛГАРСКИЯ ЕЗИК / ON THE USE OF NEOLOGISM KANSELIRAM IN THE BULGARIAN LANGUAGE". Journal of Bulgarian Language 68, n.º 03 (30 de setembro de 2021): 135–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.47810/10.47810/bl.68.21.03.10.
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The current paper discusses the use of the neologism kanseliram in the Bulgarian language. Examples from social networks show that this verb is increasingly found in the speech of modern Bulgarians, although there is no objective need for it. The reason can be explained by the intense influx of anglicisms – a phenomenon observed in many of the modern languages that have been influenced in one way or another by Western culture. Keywords: Bulgarian language, neology, lexicology, lexical semantics
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Borisova Zhekova, Mariyanka. "Bulgarians in Morocco – Cultural Heritage and Sociocultural Interaction". Yearbook of Balkan and Baltic Studies 5 (dezembro de 2022): 38–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/ybbs5.02.
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The article focuses on migration and cultural heritage. It presents the processes of transmission and use of Bulgarian cultural heritage abroad. The study outlines the sociocultural interaction between the Bulgarian community in Morocco and the host society. The Bulgarian migrant community established in Morocco’s Kingdom mainly during the 1960s–1980s consisted mostly of professionals: hydro- and civil engineers, geologists, teachers, and architects. Their well-done work contributed to the excellent image of Bulgaria, and the Bulgarians in the receiving country are also present nowadays. At the same time, cases of Bulgarian immigration in Morocco due to mixed marriages could be observed. Although the Bulgarian community in this Maghreb country is not numerous (around 350–400 people), it is visible with a rich cultural calendar that includes sociocultural initiatives in the interaction with the host society. The Bulgarian migrants in Morocco do not have a formal organization. Meanwhile their community is proactive and consolidated around the Bulgarian Embassy. The Bulgarian school in various formats has been operating since 1986. A folk dance group was established in 2018. The paper attempts to answer why knowledge of Bulgarian traditions, folklore, history, and preservation of the Bulgarian language and cultural identity are important for the Bulgarian community in Morocco.
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Rikev, Kamen. "Polska wersja Wzniesienia Milena Ruskowa". Przekłady Literatur Słowiańskich 9, n.º 3 (30 de outubro de 2019): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/pls.2019.09.03.03.
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The article comments on Milen Ruskov’s third novel Summit (The Heights / Възвишение, 2011) and its critical acclaim in Bulgaria. Set in 19th-century milieu, the revolutionary struggles and the novel’s unique language have been indicated by critics as its most outstanding aspects that provoke new debates on the national and linguistic identity of contemporary Bulgarians. At the same time the novel’s Polish translation by Magdalena Pytlak (Wzniesienie, 2017) poses other questions concerning the promotion of modern Bulgarian culture abroad, the translatability of Ruskov’s work and the translator’s strategies in terms of successfully “importing” Bulgarian literature into the Polish context.
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Nieicheva, Liliia. "BULGARIAN MUSICAL ART AS A SYNTHESIS OF FOREIGN-NATION CULTURAL CONTRIBUTIONS". Scientific Issues of Ternopil National Pedagogical Volodymyr Hnatiuk University. Specialization: Art Studies, n.º 2 (23 de maio de 2023): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2411-3271.19.2.1.
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This article studies the effect of achievements of proto-Bulgarian, Thracian, Ancient Greek and Byzantine cultures on formation of the Bulgarian nation. The main scientific concepts concerning the origins of Bulgarians, etymology of name, and matters concerning linguistic and ethnic affiliation have been analyzed. The most important historical events that bore upon formation of the Bulgarian nation have been reviewed; in particular, attention was focused upon development of religious views of Bulgarians starting from the archaic eras. Materials concerning the influence which achievements of proto-Bulgarians had on Bulgarian music and culture in general have been studied. An analysis of historical materials concerning the life of Turkish and Irano-Indian peoples, archeological cultural discoveries and accounts of various historians suggest the conclusion that archaic layers of Bulgarian folklore have relation to Irano- Indian, Turkish and Irano-Semite origins of monodic melodic culture, which were in organic contact with proto-Christian and early Christian artistic layers, thus facilitating flexible contacts with other Southern European cultural phenomena. This relation manifests itself in common features of Turkish and Bulgarian rhythms, the structure of folk music modes and the use of a quartertone system in music of these countries. One subsection systemizes historical information regarding Thracians, and offers an overview of the works of historians and scholars studying origins of the Thracian language that influenced morphological and syntactical linguistic system of Bulgarians, and religious legacy. A conclusion was drawn that Bulgaria preserved the orphic cult of Ancient Thrace no less than Greece and Byzantium did, where vocal basis of music defined exceptional originality of rhythmic structures, in particular, in instrumentalism. Accounts of Greek historians concerning secular and folk music of Thrace, rites, pantomimic scenes, etc. have been analyzed as well. The discovered sources allow to assume that practicing musicians of Ancient Thrace were prohibited from not only writing about music but even talking about it, although the myths, religious beliefs and ritual practices indicate the authoritativeness of Thracians in this particular area. Bulgaria’s inheritance of Ancient Greece’s cultural legacy, including via Byzantine Orthodoxy of the 4 th to 6 th and 9 th to 11 th centuries, as proved by numerous examples of architecture, painting art and music (and especially its rhythmical side) has been analyzed. Based on theoretical works by V. Kholopova, D. Hristov, V. Stoin and A. Stoyanov, particularities of Bulgarian “irregular rhythmics” (which have, first of all, antique metrics at its core) and the problems of their fixing have been described. Attention was also given to the hereditary features existing between Bulgaria and Byzantium, especially in religious Christian culture. The commonness manifests itself not only in the structure of Divine Service and the octoechos system but also in the monody of drone (ison) singing that remains contemporaneous in Bulgaria, in dissemination of the tradition of bass singing of psalms, in melisma which was not just an “adornment” but has retained the original rhetoric in the function of sacral mode of singing, and in the importance of ritual theatrical forms.
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Lozanova, Slavina. "Issues in Bulgarian Sign Language Interpreting". English Studies at NBU 4, n.º 2 (20 de dezembro de 2018): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33919/esnbu.18.2.4.
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The article discusses the current state of sign language interpreting in Bulgaria. It analyzes a range of historical, social and professional issues regarding policymaking, sign language education and methodology. Presented here are three interrelated factors influencing the interpreting practice in the country such as limited knowledge about the linguistic status of Bulgarian Sign Language, traditions in Bulgarian deaf education and social attitude of the hearing majority regarding the linguistic skills of deaf and hard-of-hearing people.
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Kyuchukov, Hristo. "Learnability Theory and Rural Roma Children’s Knowledge of Languages: An Empirical Psycholinguistic Comparative Study". PSYCHOLINGUISTICS 35, n.º 1 (16 de abril de 2024): 108–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2024-35-1-108-133.
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Purpose The purpose of the study is to examine Learnability Theory (Valiant, 1984) in the process of learning of L2 Bulgarian and Czech languages by preschool Roma children. Roma children grow up in a rich oral culture and learn their mother tongue from the members of extended families, but how they learn the L2 and which factors facilitate the process second language acquisition (SLA) is not clear.
Methods. 20 bilingual Roma children from Bulgaria and 20 bilingual Roma children from the Czech Republic (in two age groups 4–5 and 5–6-years-old) were tested with linguistic tests on their knowledge, centering on their ability to learn new grammatical categories. The children were tested with a specially developed test, bearing in mind the peculiarities of Romani grammatical categories. The same grammatical categories were tested in the official languages of the countries where the children live – in the Bulgarian and Czech languages.
Results. The findings show that the children from Bulgaria are much better in learning Bulgarian than the Roma children from Czech Republic learning Czech. There is a connection between the knowledge of the Roma children of their mother tongue and the official language. The data shows that the Bulgarian Roma children know their mother tongue much better and this helps them to better learn Bulgarian, while the Czech Roma children have a comparatively poor knowledge of Romani and they acquire the Czech ethnolect – the variety of Czech spoken by Roma, which differs from official standard Czech.
Conclusions. The study showed that learning grammatical categories form a new language in early age dependence form the language knowledge and experiences of the child in their mother tongue. The new knowledge in a new language is acquired based on the old knowledge in the mother tongue. This is shown also in other studies, for example with Turkish bilingual children, that the knowledge in mother tongue helps learning a new language.
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LIN, Wenshuang. "TARGET DIMENSIONS OF BULGARIAN LANGUAGE TEACHING IN CHINA: LANGUAGE SKILLS, GENERAL KNOWLEDGE AND INTERDISCIPLINARITY". Ezikov Svyat volume 18 issue 3, ezs.swu.v18i3 (2020): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v18i3.9.
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Teaching Bulgarian language and literature in China has a history of nearly 60 years. During this period, the discussion about the concept and methodology of foreign language teaching has never stopped, which concerns the orientation of language teaching – language skills, general knowledge or interdisciplinary competence. Following the trend for reforming the curriculum, teaching Bulgarian at Beijing Foreign Studies University applies the new concept of teaching within the development of the curriculum and the new teaching methods in order to achieve new goals and requirements. To a great extent, the structural reform of Bulgarian language teaching reflects the evolution of the concept of foreign language education. From 1961 to the 2000s, the main features of the curriculum were generality and skill-based, which focused greatly on basic and linguistic skills, as well as on the grammatical knowledge and the general knowledge related to Bulgaria and the Bulgarian language. From the beginning of the 21st century, even though language skills courses still account for a large proportion of the curriculum, the types of courses have been gradually diversified, reflecting the transition from language skill-based to knowledge-oriented, and then to cross-cultural ability-oriented. By achieving the transition, Bulgarian language teaching in China currently is realized in three target dimensions – language skills, general knowledge and interdisciplinary.
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Hajdari, Ardita, e Nuri Bexheti. "Albanian Press on the Efforts of Cooperation be-tween Kosovo Albanians and the Bulgarians of Macedonia (1912-1914)". Balkanistic Forum 33, n.º 1 (10 de janeiro de 2024): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v33i1.6.
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The article explores a particular source of Albanian newspapers for the cooperative efforts between Kosovo Albanians and Bulgarians in Macedonia. The Albanian press in the diaspora, particularly in Bulgaria, was of great importance for Albanian ideol-ogists after the closure of Albanian-language clubs, schools, and newspapers in Koso-vo. In Albanian newspapers, we can observe a different perspective on the efforts to cooperate between Albanian and Bulgarian insurgents until 1913. The Conference of Ambassadors in London and the waves of Albanian and Bulgarian refugees caused by the Balkan wars reaffirmed these tentative of collaboration for the common interest of both parties. These also resulted with joint Albanian and Bulgarian kachak forces in exile on the September Ohrid-Dibra uprising. Despite the failure of the uprising, Alba-nian newspapers remained supportive of the idea of common resistance.
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Leşcu, Artur. "Repression of Bessarabian Bulgarians by Russian Authorities During World War I (1914–1917)". Epohi 30, n.º 2 (19 de dezembro de 2022): 313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54664/bylj1910.
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Based on the original documentary material collected by the author in the National Archives of the Republic of Moldova, an attempt has been made to investigate some unknown aspects of the struggle of Bessarabian Bulgarians against the tsarist policy of assimilation during the First World War. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Bulgarians ranked fifth in terms of population in Bessarabia – a province annexed to the Russian Empire in 1812. In all these years, they preserved their language, culture, and national traditions, transforming the Alexander III Boys’ Gymnasium in Bolgrad into a true centre of national culture. Many Bessarabian Bulgarians played an important role in the history of Bulgaria, holding positions of responsibility in the Bulgarian state. Some of them were the Prime Minister of Bulgaria Aleksandar Malinov, the Minister of War Danail Nikolaev, the Mayor of Sofia Martin Todorov and his brother General Georgi Todorov, and General Ivan Kolev. Despite this fact, and in contradiction with Russian historical mythology about special relations privileged with Bulgarians, the Russian authorities treated them equally with other national minorities, exposing them to forced assimilation, deportations, expulsions, repressions, and arrests of representatives of the Bulgarian national movement in the Russian Empire.
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Boev, Zlatozar. "Unsolved problems of the modern natural geographical and settlement toponymy of Bulgaria". Natural Science and Advanced Technology Education 32, n.º 3-4 (14 de dezembro de 2023): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/nat2023-3-4.06.
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Numerous examples of the modern names of settlements, mountains, peaks and rivers in Bulgaria are presented, which continue to bear foreign-language names from past periods of Bulgaria‘s history, as well as those related to the declared criminal communist regime in the country (1944-1989). Reasoned proposals have been made to replace some of these names with Bulgarian ones.
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О. В. МАЛАШ. "STUDYING THE BULGARIAN LANGUAGE ISLAND IN UKRAINIAN PERIODICAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE XX – XXI CENTURIES". MESSENGER of Kyiv National Linguistic University. Series Philology 22, n.º 2 (26 de dezembro de 2019): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32589/2311-0821.2.2019.192055.
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Introduction. The paper focuses on the study of the language and culture of Bulgarian expatriate community in Ukraine based on the achievements of the Ukrainian linguistsin collecting the Bulgarian idioms in Odesa, Zaporizhya, Mykolaiv and Kropyvnytsky regions.The author pays attention to the linguistic publications from the end of the XX to the first decade of the XXI century related closely or proximately to the Bulgarian language island in Ukraine.Purpose. The paper aims at revealing and describing the lingual situation with Bulgarian language island based on the Ukrainian periodical publications of the XX – beginning ofthe XXI century.Methods. The study of the Bulgarian language island in Ukrainian periodical publications of the XX-XXI centuries is based on the descriptive method, the method of sociolinguistic analysis as well as empirical method.Results. Studying the status of the Bulgarian expatriate community in the contemporary Ukrainian linguistics the author has come to the following statements: the completely topical repertoire of the articles published at the end of the XX – the first decade of the XXI century and related to the Bulgarian dialects in Ukraine could be divided into six groups. They are: origin, evolution, and grammatical peculiarities of the Bulgarian migrants’ dialects; vocabulary and phraseology of the Bulgarian idiom in Ukraine; lingual interactions of the Ukrainian Bulgarians with other ethnic groups; linguocultural and ethnolinguistic issues of the Bulgarian language island; teaching Bulgarian language at school in Ukraine; history and current status of the Bulgarian philology in Ukraine. The most important names of the researchers who contributed to the study of the Bulgarian idioms’ functioning in the Ukrainian journals have been introduced in the paper.Conclusion. The paper emphasizes very important scholars’ achievements in onomatology analyzing the vocabulary of the Bulgarian rituals, interlanguage correspondence, semantic accommodation of loan units, and studying the archaic language features preserved in the Bulgarian dialects in Ukraine.
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Katrandjiev, Hristo, e Vasil Kaniskov. "Over 10 years of Bulgarian membership in EU: evaluation of bulgarian experience and conclusions about Ukraine". University Economic Bulletin, n.º 45 (27 de maio de 2020): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2020-45-146-151.
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Relevance of research topic. More than 10 years after Bulgaria's accession to the EU, there has been considerable “euroscepticism” among Bulgarian citizens. The study of attitudes towards Bulgarian membership in EU as well as the reasons determining these attitudes could be useful not only for Bulgaria but also for countries that are going to join the EU, including Ukraine. Setting the task, the purpose of the study: to clarify the public attitudes (in Bulgaria) towards the Bulgarian membership in European Union and to outline useful guidelines and conclusions that could help Ukrainian representatives in the process of negotiating (for joining EU). Method or methodology for conducting research. Stratified quota sample based on major socio-demographic attributes, face-to-face standardized interview in respondents’ homes. Results of work. The report analyzes the advantages as well as the challenges that Bulgarian people face more than 10 years later after joining European Union (EU). The analysis is based on the attitudes of Bulgarian citizens. Data is gathered by representative samples on the territory of Bulgaria. The authors try to make a logical parallel between Bulgaria and Ukraine and to formulate conclusions and practical guidelines that could help Ukraine to take better decisions in the process of negotiations for joining EU. Conclusions according to the article. Obviously, ten years is not enough time for the Bulgaria's full integration into the EU. However, there is a very high degree of unanimity that EU-future is the most optimistic scenario for Bulgaria. The following lines outline some important reasons for possible "euroscepticism" concerning Ukraine's future EU membership: nationalist movements and parties, fundamental differences of cultural values, the different nature of academic and educational systems, the unwillingness or inability to break the language barrier, non-adaptability of Ukraine's production technologies with those of developed European countries, the striking discrepancy between types of agricultural produce, different types/technology of agricultural production, predatory use of the country's raw material base, ecological degradation, double standards of products.
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Pencheva, Antonia. "The Bulgarian voice in the world Russianists’ choir". Russian Language Studies 20, n.º 4 (15 de dezembro de 2022): 399–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2618-8163-2022-20-4-399-413.
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The author thoroughly examines the emergence, formation and development of the Russian studies in Bulgaria as a scientific field, both in retrospect and in the context of its current state. The author traces the influence of historical, political and socio-economic factors on teaching Russian to Bulgarians. Keeping in mind the changes in the political and socio-economic orientation of the Republic of Bulgaria and of the Russian Federation in the last three decades, it appears relevant at the present states of development of the two countries to comprehensively describe the various development trends of the Russian studies and Russian language teaching in Bulgaria. Representative material from scientific publications and collective monographs on heterogeneous aspects of the Russian studies (linguistic, literary and applied) has been used in the research. Traditional methods of analysis and evaluation of scientific literature, observation, description and generalization of pedagogical experience are applied in this study. It also includes analysis of data from the National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria on the number of schoolchildren studying Russian at different stages and in different types of secondary schools. The official statistical data show a stable interest in the Russian language among Bulgarian pupils and students, regardless of changing attitudes in the society. The Russian language remains the second most frequently chosen after English. The pragma-tic attitude of pupils and students, a combination of subjective and objective factors contribute to their choice to study Russian. The specific feature of the Bulgarian model is teaching Russian at all levels: preschool, school, university and continuing education in accordance with the European policy of lifelong learning.
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Tsankova, Аntonia. "CHINESE LANGUAGE TEACHING MATERIALS FOR BULGARIANS: COMPILING, TRANSLATION, ADAPTATION". Diplomatic Economic and Cultural Relations between China and Central and Eastern European countries 7, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 2022): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.62635/r3x6-jex5.
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The paper presents an overview of the development of the Chinese teaching materials for Bulgarian learners that were compiled starting with the first Chinese textbook for Bulgarians, published in 1954, and going on until the latest published books of the “Discover China” series in 2021. The teaching materials – student’s books, workbooks, textbooks for reading Chinese and all kinds of dictionaries are described with a focus on their main features. Summarizing the characteristics of the Chinese language teaching materials for Bulgarians, we can observe three main types of resources – there are materials originally designed for Bulgarian learners; materials for foreign learners of Chinese translated directly into Bulgarian; and books that are translated, revised and adapted for the local students and teaching practices. The presented historical overview of the teaching resources reflects the evolution of the teaching methodology and practice from focusing mainly on receptive activities, especially text reading and vocabulary learning to increasingly communicative activities based on oral and written speech production.
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Todorov, Petar. "Integrating Duolingo for Schools in Third Language Acquisition". Chuzhdoezikovo Obuchenie-Foreign Language Teaching 48, n.º 3 (15 de junho de 2021): 266–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/for21.34duol.
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The article presents the possibilities for integrating an innovative methodology in third language acquisition – Duolingo for schools. The Duolingo language learning platform is one of the leaders in the world with millions of registered users as the access to it is entirely free of charge. The article presents the leading research in the field by emphasizing the fact that none of it is yet to use Duolingo for schools. After dwelling upon Duolingo’s methodology, it is pointed out that Duolingo for schools can be integrated by teachers/lecturers in their syllabi to create a controlled environment. In the context of learning languages by Bulgarians, it is recommended using Duolingo for schools in third language acquisition, as Duolingo does not offer learning Bulgarian, neither can Bulgarian be used to learn another language.
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Creed, Gerald W. "The Politics of Agriculture: Identity and Socialist Sentiment in Bulgaria". Slavic Review 54, n.º 4 (1995): 843–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2501396.
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When Bulgarians elected a parliament dominated by the Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP) in their first, free postcommunist election, they were considered the mavericks of eastern Europe. As Misha Glenny critically points out, “Bulgaria bucks the trend” was a recurrent phrase in English-language reports of the 1990 contest. But four years later, after an intervening non-socialist government, a second socialist victory seemed to be following trends set in Lithuania, Hungary and Poland. In a front-page article in The New York Times several months before Bulgaria's 1994 election, the east European trend towards embracing ex-communists is described as beginning in Lithuania, with no mention of Bulgaria's earlier socialist victory and its continual socialist electoral strength. Then, following the election, the Washington Post reported that the results “brought the fourth former Communist Party to power in Eastern Europe, after Hungary, Poland and Lithuania.“
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Koseska-Toszewa, Violetta, Joanna Satoła-Staśkowiak e Maksim Duszkin. "Polish-Bulgarian-Russian, Bulgarian-Polish-Russian or Russian-Bulgarian-Polish dictionary?" Cognitive Studies | Études cognitives, n.º 12 (24 de novembro de 2015): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/cs.2012.002.
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Polish-Bulgarian-Russian, Bulgarian-Polish-Russian or Russian-Bulgarian-Polish dictionary?The trilingual dictionary (M. Duszkin, V. Koseska, J. Satoła and A. Tzoneva) is being elaborated based on a working Polish-Bulgarian-Russian electronic parallel corpus authored by Maksim Duszkin, Violetta Koseska-Toszewa and Joanna Satoła-Staśkowiak, and works by A. Tzoneva. It is the first corpus comparing languages belonging to three different Slavic language groups: western, southern and eastern. Works on the dictionary are based on Gramatyka konfrontatywna bułgarsko-polska (Bulgarian-Polish confrontative grammar ) and the proposed there semantic-oriented interlanguage. Two types of classifiers have been introduced into the dictionary: classic and semantic. The trilingual dictionary will present a consistent and homogeneous set of facts of grammar and semantics. The Authors point out that in a traditional dictionary it is not clear for example whether aspect should be understood as imperfective / perfective form of a verb or as its meaning. Therefore in the dictionary forms and meaning are separated in a regular way. Imperfective verb form has two meanings: state and configuration of states and events culminating in state. Also perfective verb form has two meanings: event and configuration of states and events culminating in event. These meanings are described by the semantic classifiers, respectively, state and event, state1 and event1. The way of describing language units, mentioned in the article, gives a possibility to present language material (Polish, Bulgarian, Russian) in any required order, hence the article’s title.
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Vakareliyska, Cynthia M., e Vsevolod Kapatsinski. "An Anglo-Americanism in Slavic morphosyntax: Productive [N[N]] constructions in Bulgarian". Folia Linguistica 48, n.º 1 (1 de maio de 2014): 277–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flin.2014.009.
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Abstract Since 1990, most of the South and East Slavic languages have independently adopted, to varying extents, English loanblend [N[N]] constructions, in which an English modifier noun is followed by a head noun that previously existed in the language, for example, Bulgarian ekšŭn geroi ‘action heroes’. This phenomenon is of particular interest from a morphosyntactic processing perspective, because the use of the English noun as a modifier without the addition of a Slavic adjectival suffix and agreement desinence is a violation of fundamental traditional principles of Slavic morphology and morphosyntax, and thus should pose considerable parsing challenges. Bulgarian has incorporated English loanblend [N[N]]’s particularly well into the standard language. In this article we argue that the high frequency, broad semantic range, and productivity of loanblend [N[N]]’s in Bulgarian are the direct result not of Bulgarian’s analytic case-marking system per se, but of preexisting construction types in the language
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Kamenskikh, Mikhail S. "Bulgarian Builders in the Sociocultural Community of Western Siberia in the 1970s–1980s". Izvestia of the Ural federal university. Series 2. Humanities and Arts 23, n.º 4 (2021): 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/izv2.2021.23.4.075.
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This article is devoted to analysing arrival circumstances, population, settlement, work conditions, socio-cultural adaptation, and particularities of relations with the local community of builders from Bulgaria who migrated to Western Siberia within the framework of government contracts. The article refers to unpublished archive materials, data from journals, and field trips recorded in Tyumen Region in 2019–2020. The research reveals that travelling to the USSR in order to earn money played an important part in individual success strategies of Bulgarian youth in the 1970s and became quite widespread. Between the 1970 and late 1980s, Tyumen Region received 4 000 Bulgarians living in it with the biggest groups working in Tyumen, Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk, Urai, and Nadim. Several districts, working villages, and oil extraction facilities in Western Siberia were built by them. Also, both in Tyumen and Surgut, there are squares of Soviet-Bulgarian friendship, and in Surgut there is a monument to Georgi Dimitrov. Upon arrival in the USSR, the Bulgarians had a privileged status. The main adaptation difficulties were associated with the local climate and the language barrier. The life of Bulgarians and the work of the Glavbolgarstroy company in Western Siberia laid a strong foundation for economic activity that gave rise to a large influx of Bulgarian migrants to Russia in the 1990s. As a result, according to All-Russian censuses in 2002 and 2010, Tyumen region had the largest community of Bulgarians registered in Russia. Today Bulgarians in Western Siberia are present as third-generation migrants; they play a significant role in sociocultural and economic spheres of Tyumen Region. Many of them maintain an emotional bond with their motherland and keep in touch with their families and close people in Bulgaria.
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Gotseva, Mariana. "THE CATEGORY OF ASPECT IN ENGLISH AND BULGARIAN". Годишник на Шуменския университет. Факултет по Хуманитарни науки XXXIIIA, n.º 1 (10 de novembro de 2022): 191–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.46687/xjvz9480.
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The aspect as a linguistic category existing in both English and Bulgarian language is of interest not only to linguists, but also to teachers of English in Bulgaria who need to employ some optimal approaches to clarify the semantic peculiarities of this category as they are manifested in a different way in the two languages. Whereas in Bulgarian verb aspect is mostly expressed through morphological means – prefixes and suffixes, in English, verbs are classified in different categories according to their semantic features of the aspect, which are not manifested on a morphological level. This article presents and compares some of the ways of expressing the grammatical and lexical aspect in both languages and points out some of the difficulties Bulgarian students experience while acquiring the English lexical aspect.
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Sorokin, D. "Macedonian Language as an Object of an International Dispute (According to Media Materials)". Journal of Political Research 5, n.º 4 (9 de dezembro de 2021): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-6295-2021-5-4-79-86.
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The purpose of this article is to study the issue of politicization of the language dispute between the Republic of North Macedonia and the Republic of Bulgaria. This academic dispute became a political argument not only in relations between two countries, but also in resolving issues in the world. The main method was content analysis the English-language news portal’s materials - Balkan Insight. This analysis provides the opportunity to research the components of this dispute. As a result, it can be stated that in the scientific community there is no consensus about how much and to what extent the Macedonian language is "similar" to other languages of the Balkan Peninsula. Bulgarian scientists do not acknowledge the existence of the Macedonian language, claiming that the language of North Macedonia is a dialect of Bulgarian. The Macedonian scientific community takes a different point of view, arguing that the language developed historically, through the BI media platform, is trying to form European public opinion. The collective West officially support the integration of Macedonia into European structures, but does not reject the positions of individual EU states, such as Bulgaria, which play a significant role.
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Walczak-Mikołajczakowa, Mariola. "From the History of the Bulgarian Animalistic Lexis. Names of Animals in the Oldest Bulgarian Translation of Aesop’s Fables". Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne, n.º 20 (22 de setembro de 2021): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pss.2021.20.1.
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Bulgarian works of a non-religious nature began to be written in the 19th century. They popularized a specific vision of a new literary language and contained suggestions of terms from various fields. Sophronius, bishop of Vratsa belonged to the group of writers who significantly influenced the shape of New Bulgarian literary language. By translating Aesop’s fables into a language understandable to Bulgarians, he laid the foundations of Bulgarian animalistic terminology. The author analyses 66 names of animals contained in the fables translated by Sophronius, indicates their origin and the reasons for using a specific term. She further examines which of these terms are still used, and which have become archaisms or have survived only in folk dialects.
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Dimitrova, Iliyana. "On Country- and Language-Specific Semanics of Bulgarian Lexical Terms Related to Being Sly/Cunning". Proglas 31, n.º 2 (21 de dezembro de 2022): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.54664/ottu6841.
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This paper examines the country- and language-specific perception of Bulgarian lexical terms related to being sly/cunning. The experimental method of the study is based on semantic analysis and survey. The analyzed phrases and words show that the Bulgarian lexical terms related to being sly/cunning have mainly positive connotations in the Bulgarians’ perception and mentality.
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Nedkova, Emilia. "THE DICTIONARY OF ACTIVE PHRASEOLOGY IN BULGARIAN AND POLISH – A VALUABLE CONTRIBUTION TO BILINGUAL SLAVIC PHRASEOGRAPHY. DIANA BLAGOEVA, SVETLA KOEVA, WOJCIECH SOSNOWSKI, MACIEJ JASKOT. A DICTIONARY OF ACTIVE PHRASEOLOGY IN BULGARIAN AND POLISH". Journal of Bulgarian Language 69, n.º 2 (30 de junho de 2022): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.47810/bl.69.22.02.11.
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This review presents The Dictionary of Active Phraseology in Bulgarian and Polish. This is the first bilingual phraseological dictionary in Slavic lexicography which includes material from Bulgarian and Polish. The dictionary consists of two sections: a Bulgarian-Polish and a Polish-Bulgarian part and represents the meaning, stylistic features and use of phraseological units characterised as actively functioning linguistic items in each of the languages, along with their correspondences in the other language. The work is a valuable contribution to Slavic bilingual phraseography. Keywords: phraseology; phraseography; bilingual dictionaries; Bulgarian language; Polish language
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Zahariev, Iassen. "[“On Bulgarian Philosophical Culture”. Atanas Stamatov]". Filosofiya-Philosophy 32, n.º 4 (27 de dezembro de 2023): 440–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/phil2023-04-06.
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The academic review of the book “On Bulgarian Philosophical Culture” by Atanas Stamatov deals with the main areas and problems explored by the author. The book consists of various articles written by Atanas Stamatov over the past 30 years and the review evaluates their importance and significance. The text examines in detail the methods and main accents in Stamatov's works – the concept of “Bulgarian philosophical culture”, the philosophical concepts in the Old Bulgarian language, the philosophy education, philosophy of history in Bulgaria, as well as the analysis of the key thinkers in the Bulgarian tradition.
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Satoła-Staśkowiak, Joanna. "From the History of Creating The Contemporary Bulgarian-Polish Dictionary in Poland". Journal of Bulgarian Language 71, n.º 1 (15 de abril de 2024): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.47810/bl.71.24.01.06.
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The rapid development of the Bulgarian and Polish lexis after 2000 and the lack of up-to-date Bulgarian-Polish dictionaries at that time inspired Joanna Satoła-Staśkowiak and Violetta Koseska-Toszewa to embark on the compilation of a Bulgari-an-Polish dictionary that would reflect the trends and phenomena observed in the con-temporary language. In preparing the lexical material, the two researchers used electronic language corpora developed by teams of which they were a part. Drawing on their previous experience in comparative (including semantic) studies of Bulgarian and Polish, the authors focused on creating an entirely new dictionary based on an original methodology of lexicographic description. In the process of compiling the dictionary entries, various issues related to the differentiation of lexical units and their grammatical and semantic characteristics had to be solved. The first volume of the Contemporary Bulgarian-Polish Dictionary was published at the end of 2014. This is the second major Bulgarian-Polish dictionary to be printed in Poland. It comes 51 years after the publication of the first bilingual Bulgarian-Polish dictionary by Franciszek Sławski in 1963. The last edition of Sławski’s dictionary (co-authored by Sabina Radewa) titled A Supplemented Handy Bulgarian-Polish Dictionary was published in 1987, and much of the material in it is now outdated. The Contemporary Bulgarian-Polish Dictionary by J. Satoła-Staśkowiak and V. Koseska-Toszewa is intended for lecturers, Slavicists and students of Bulgarian or Polish as a foreign language, as well as for a wider readership interested in these languages. The article outlines the main qualities of this lexicographic work, discussing its history and methodological foundations and the approach adopted to the representation of contemporary vocabulary.
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Kosieradzka, Angelika. "Bolesław Leśmian’s poetry in Bulgarian anthologies of translations in the years 1921–1984". Tekstualia 1, n.º 7 (31 de dezembro de 2021): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.6684.
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The article offers an overview of the anthologised translations of Bolesław Leśmian’s poetry published in Bulgaria in the years 1921–1984. It also describes the work of Polish philology in Bulgaria at the beginning of the 20th century. It further addresses the problem the formal differences between the Polish and the Bulgarian language, so as to identify specifi c diffi culties encountered by the Bulgarian translators of Leśmian as well as their characteristic translation strategies
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Kosieradzka, Angelika. "Bolesław Leśmian's Poetry in Bulgarian Anthologies of Translations in the Years 1921–1984". Tekstualia 1, n.º 52 (19 de julho de 2018): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3110.
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The article offers an overview of the anthologised translations of Bolesław Leśmian’s poetry published in Bulgaria in the years 1921–1984. It also describes the work of Polish philology in Bulgaria at the beginning of the 20th century. It further addresses the problem the formal differences between the Polish and the Bulgarian language, so as to identify specifi c diffi culties encountered by the Bulgarian translators of Leśmian as well as their characteristic translation strategies.
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Ganeva, Gergana. "Electronic Diachronic Corpus and Dictionaries of Old Bulgarian". Studia Ceranea 8 (30 de dezembro de 2018): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2084-140x.08.06.
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The electronic system histdict is designed as a tool for research, adequate presentation and popularization of a part of Bulgaria’s cultural and historical heritage: the Bulgarian language and its medieval literature. The article describes the various steps in the development of histdict. Attention is paid to each component of the resource: specialized Unicode fonts, electronic diachronic corpus, dictionary of Old Bulgarian, historical dictionary equipped with tools for writing and editing dictionary entries, grammatical dictionary, prototypical search engine, and virtual keyboard. The article also lays out the principles followed in the development of the diachronic grammatical dictionary of the Bulgarian language.
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Hristov, Zhivko. "Bulgarian Revival culture - an axiological perspective in the texts of Januarius MacGahan and Stanislas St. Claire". English Studies at NBU 1, n.º 2 (31 de dezembro de 2015): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33919/esnbu.15.2.3.
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Analyzing the vocabulary and the stylistic techniques in the works of the two authors, dedicated to Bulgaria, the article aims to contribute to a change of the two seemingly contrasting attitudes in their Bulgarian reception. The first is the implicit attitude to MacGahan as a "dangerous" author whose work is not even published with its true title - "The Turkish atrocities in Bulgaria". The focus of the analysis are the passages that deal with the Bulgarian material culture and education, as well as their axiological charge. The second is the negative value-based perception of the Bulgaro-phobic texts of St. Clair, an author obviously considered ineligible for translating into Bulgarian. However, his work might be a valuable source of knowledge about the culture of the Bulgarian national revival, provided that our reception remains neutral and unaffected by his derogatory language.
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HACI, Sadık. "FROM INTERFERENCE IN THE TURKISH LITERARY LANGUAGE TO A TOTAL BAN (THE LANGUAGE POLICY OF COMMUNIST BULGARIA)". Ezikov Svyat (Orbis Linguarum), ezs.swu.v20i2 (30 de maio de 2022): 206–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i2.5.
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Although in some periods of communist Bulgaria there was a weakening of the pressure and control over the education, language, culture and literature of the Turks in the country, the assimilation policy was always on the agenda of the totalitarian authorities. Various means of control over the education and the press were used, and after the April Plenum the authorities gradually proceeded to deform the Turkish literary language by forcing the introduction of Bulgarian vocabulary and the violation of its grammatical construction, punctuation, transcription. A special list of words which had to be used in print and literature was created. This rude intervention was supported by the publication of materials in Bulgarian, which were progressively increasing. The publication of Turkish literature was stopped, and writers either had to start writing in Bulgarian or remain silent forever. The linguistic policy of the totalitarian state against the Turkish minority in the second half of the 1980s reached its highest degree, resulting in a total ban on the Turkish language not only in its written form, but even its use in a home environment. This study aims at presenting a previously unexplored problem of the direct encroachment on Turkish literary language and the destruction of already published literature.
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Kramer, Christina, e Ivan Tchomakov. "Bulgarian-English, English-Bulgarian Dictionary". Modern Language Journal 77, n.º 1 (1993): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/329580.
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Andreeva, Gergana, e Andrey Andreev. "SURVEY AND ANALYSIS OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION IN BULGARIA AND ABROAD". Journal scientific and applied research 3, n.º 1 (3 de março de 2013): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.46687/jsar.v3i1.69.
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The membership of Bulgaria in NATO and the European Union brings new challenges and tasks to the Bulgarian Armed forces in the complex and dynamic security environment. The participation of military forces from the Bulgarian Army in international joint operations and missions led by NATO, the EU and the UN, transforms English language fluency into an important aspect of improving our operational interoperability with allies and partners. Teaching English is a priority for the modernization and transformation of the Bulgarian Army. The system of education in English does not exist in isolation and is influenced by a number of factors that affect the force as a whole. It is a process that spans a long period of time and does not give quick results. This feature poses one of the challenges facing the system of English language training for the introduction of new effective forms of communication. In this respect, it is topical to explore and analyze opportunities for the introduction of Intercultural Communication in language learning groups within the Bulgarian Ministry of Defense.
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KOLESNIK, Valentina. "Distinguishing features of Deleny village’s dialect in Bessarabia". Problems of slavonic studies 70 (2021): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/sls.2021.70.3755.
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Background. The article deals with the basic phonetic morhological and lexical markers of Deleny village’s dialect which is one of the eastern Bulgarian dialects of the Balkanic type, examines rare lexemes and dialects of the village Deleny, Artsyz district of the Odessa region, which was founded in 1828–29 by settlers from village Devlet-Agach. Currently, the area from which the Delenians came from is located on the terri-tory of Turkey. Оn the phonetic level: yatya reflexes, stability of the consonants h and f, iotation vowel at the beginning of the words, reduction of unstressed vowels and others. The dialects are differentiated by the so-called cultural vocabulary, in particular, some names of mythical characters, ritual terminology, and some names of animals. Whereas ta-lasmi, samudivi, orisnitsi, irmenki are known to almost all carriers of migratory dia-lects, the lexeme karakondjol is recorded only in the southeastern dialects. Among the rare names, the lexeme ustrel should be noted, which we recorded in the Delenian dia-lect in the meaning of ‘strong wind’. Wedding terminology differentiates the dialects as well. Thus, the lexeme ustavani in the meaning of ‘matchmaking’ was not recorded in other Bessarabian Bulgarian dialects. One of the markers of the Delenian wedding ter-minology is the lexeme chepani, which means 'short dance'. Among the rare lexemes that have preserved the Old Bulgarian forms and meanings, the name of the snail in the Delenian dialect – oli-boli should be noted. The lexical markers of the Delenian dialect are also the name of the weasel – chervena mishka. Results. Our research shows that sub-ethnic elements of dialects are very stable. The dialects under study are not a conglomerate of different dialects, the so-called koine, but different dialects that differ mainly in phonetic and lexical features: the speakers of the dialect firmly retain the dialectal features of the mainland dialect. Key words: Bulgarian resettlement dialects, Delenian dialect, phonetic, morpho-logical, lexical and еthnocultural markers, sub-ethnic elements. Atlas of Bulgarian dialects in the USSR, 1958, 1. Introductory articles.Comments to the maps. Мoskow: АS USSR. (In Russian) Barbolova, Z. and Kolesnik, V., 1998. The dialects of the Bulgarians in the village of Kirnichki, Bessarabia.Bulgarian dialects in Ukraine. Odessa: Astroprint. (In Bulgarian) Barbolova, Z., Simeonova, M., Kitanova, M., Mutafchieva, N. and Legurska, P., 2018. Dictionary of the folk spiritual culture of the Bulgarians. Sofia: Science and Art. (In Bul-garian) Bulgarian etymological dictionary, 1971–2002, 1–6. Sofya: BAS. (In Bulgarian) Bernstein, S. B., 1978. Bulgarian-Russian Dictionary. Moscow: Russian Language. (In Bulgarian) Gerov, N., 1978. Dictionary of the Bulgarian language, 5. Sofia: Bulgarian writer. (In Bulgarian) Guyvanyuk, N. V., 2005. Dictionary of Bukovinian dialects. Ed. N., V. Guyvanyuk. Chernivtsi: Ruta. (In Ukrainian) Iliev, I., 2020. About the origin of the population in the villages of Loshchinovka and Suvorovo (Ukrainian Bessarabia). (In Bulgarian) Kalmakan, N., 2013. Greeks of Malyi Buyalyk: 200 years in Odessa region, 3. Odessa: Atlant. Kovachev, S., Totevski ,T. 1998. Dictionary of the Trojan dialect. Troyan: University Publishing House “St. Kliment Ohridski”. (In Bulgarian) Kolesnik, V., 2001. Evgenovka (Arsa). Onomastics. Dialect. Dictionary. Odessa: Her-mes. Slavic mythology, 2002. Encyclopedic Dictionary. Moskow: International relations. (In Russian) Stoyanov, I. A., Stoyanova, E. P. and Dadiverin, I. G., 2002. The language of the Bulgarians of Ukraine in its oral and written form. Odessa: Optimum. (In Ukrainian) Stoyanov, I. and Chmyr O., 1988. Bulgarian-Ukrainian dictionary. Kyiv: Naukova dumka. (In Ukrainian) Hitov, H., 1979. Dictionary of the speech of the village. Radovene, Vratsa region. Bulgarian dialectology. Studies and materials, 9. Sofia: Publishing House of BAS. (In Bulgarian) Shabashov, A. V., 1996. The system of kinship of the Bulgarians of Ukraine: PhD’s abstract. Kyiv. (In Russian)