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1
The crash: A novel. Toronto: High Interest Publishing Books, 2005.
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Reckless disregard: Corporate greed, government indifference, and the Kentucky school bus crash. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994.
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United States. National Transportation Safety Board. Mayflower Contract Services, Inc., tour bus plunge from Tramway Road and overturn crash near Palm Springs, California, July 31, 1991. Washington, D.C: The Board, 1993.
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4
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Transportation, Tourism, and Hazardous Materials. Safety implications of the Kentucky schoolbus crash: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Transportation, Tourism, and Hazardous Materials of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, second session, August 10, 1988. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1989.
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5
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Transportation, Tourism, and Hazardous Materials. Safety implications of the Kentucky schoolbus crash: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Transportation, Tourism, and Hazardous Materials of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, second session, August 10, 1988. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1989.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Transportation, Tourism, and Hazardous Materials. Safety implications of the Kentucky schoolbus crash: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Transportation, Tourism, and Hazardous Materials of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, second session, August 10, 1988. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1989.
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7
Androvich, Mark. Crash Bash: Prima's official strategy guide. Roseville, CA: Prima Pub., 2000.
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8
Camé, François. Le jour le plus bas: Histoire de la grande crise financière des années 80. [Paris]: J.C. Lattès, 1988.
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Bergren, Lisa Tawn. Pathways. Colorado Springs, Colo: WaterBrook Press, 2001.
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10
Lewis, Linda. We Hate Everything But Boys: We just formed a ''secret'' club called .... New York, USA: Pocket Books, a div. of Simon & Schuster, Inc., 1985.
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13
United States. Federal Railroad Administration, ed. A School bus and train crash is a rare occurrence: However, it can happen. Washington, D.C. (400 Seventh St., S.W., Washington 20590): U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Railroad Administration, 1991.
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14
Crush Hour: A 4D Book (School Bus of Horrors). Stone Arch Books, 2018.
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Publishing, Dimension, e Prima Temp Authors. Crash Bash: Prima's Official Strategy Guide. Prima Games, 2000.
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16
Francisco, Louçã, e Ash Michael. The Whole Alphabet Soup. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828211.003.0004.
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This chapter begins with a micro-history of the Great Crash of 2007–8. It describes the instruments, transactions, size, and growth of the shadow banking system in the years before the crash. Heralded with widespread affirmation by public decision makers and intellectuals, the new financial architecture received only occasional criticism from within. The chapter describes the construction of the financial system—both the history of its development and how the networks and connections looked on the eve of the crisis. Despite the dangerous warning signs offered by a series of regional crises on the periphery, advocates plowed ahead with certainty that the market could not be wrong. When the crash came, many experts broke briefly with orthodoxy, but most have returned rapidly to their faith in financial markets. A more technical appendix, “The Realm of Shadow Finance: How and How Much” details the shadow banking system.
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Clift, Ben. Ideational Change at the IMF after the Crash. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813088.003.0002.
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This chapter advances the case for a Constructivist Institutionalist (CI) approach to the analysis of ideational change, making the case for ‘bricolage’ rather than paradigm shifts. It foregrounds actors’ cognitive and ideational filters, underlining the importance of how Fund staff see themselves and their role. The analysis charts key facets of the Fund’s internal workings, including its hierarchical nature, internal review processes, and how internal interactions are evolving. The complexities of institutional mediation leads to the sedimented but ongoing influence of multiple economic ideas. Four mechanisms of IMF ideational change—reconciliation, operationalization, corroboration, and authoritative recognition—are identified to explain which ideas come to prevail, why and how. Ideas need to be framed and packaged to jump through the hoops of internal social recognition. The chapter delineates the permissive conditions necessary for key actors to navigate internal power structures to effect ideational change.
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Atlins Anguish Bush Pilot Theresa Bond And The Crash Of Taku Air Flight 2653. Caitlin Press, 2012.
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Pribram, E. Deidre. Circulating Emotion. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036613.003.0003.
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Crash (Paul Haggis, 2005) follows a range of diverse but intersecting characters who, in their entirety, are meant to represent a social landscape: modern American urban existence. Through an ensemble cast and a multi-story structure, the film depicts a circuitous society in which one part affects other parts that, in turn, affect all parts. This chapter takes up the complex, multi-discursive world depicted in Crash in order to explore the place—or absence—of emotion in genre studies. Looking specifically at the moments of collision between characters in which the issues of race and gender are inseparable, it considers how anger specifically, and perhaps emotion in general, can be understood to ignite and fuel complex social relations. Such an analysis tells us about the ways in which emotions as cultural phenomena are understood or, equally, overlooked in media and other social representations.
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Hines, James R. The Artistic Sixties. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039065.003.0011.
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This chapter discusses figure skating in the 1960s. In 1961, the entire U.S. World team died in a plane crash on the way to Prague. One year later, two skaters from former teams, Barbara Ann Roles and Yvonne Littlefield, traveled to Prague as part of an otherwise inexperienced team of American skaters. Only one new member of the 1962 team, Scott Allen, would ever win a World or Olympic medal, but collectively the team provided the foundation on which the United States built its next generation of international champions. While the United States lost its current best skaters in the crash and was thrust into the necessity of developing new ones, across the skating world, a largely new slate of skaters appeared at the 1962 World Championships. Three of the men, Canada's Donald Jackson, Germany's Manfred Schnelldorfer, and France's Alain Calmat, were destined to become World champions.
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Sever, Mehmet Şükrü, e Raymond Vanholder. Acute kidney injury in polytrauma and rhabdomyolysis. Editado por Norbert Lameire. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0252_update_001.
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The term ‘polytrauma’ refers to blunt (or crush) trauma that involves multiple body regions or cavities, and compromises physiology to potentially cause dysfunction of uninjured organs. Polytrauma frequently affects muscles resulting in rhabdomyolysis. In daily life, it mostly occurs after motor vehicle accidents, influencing a limited number of patients; after mass disasters, however, thousands of polytrauma victims may present at once with only surgical features or with additional medical complications (crush syndrome). Among the medical complications, acute kidney injury (AKI) deserves special mention, since it is frequent and has a substantial impact on the ultimate outcome.Several factors play a role in the pathogenesis of polytrauma (or crush)-induced AKI: (1) hypoperfusion of the kidneys, (2) myoglobin-induced direct nephrotoxicity, and intratubular obstruction, and also (3) several other mechanisms (i.e. iron and free radical-induced damage, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and ischaemia reperfusion injury). Crush-related AKI is prerenal at the beginning; however, acute tubular necrosis may develop eventually. In patients with crush syndrome, apart from findings of trauma, clinical features may include (but are not limited to) hypotension, oliguria, brownish discoloration of urine, and other symptoms and findings, such as sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, bleeding, cardiac failure, arrhythmias, electrolyte disturbances, and also psychological trauma.In the biochemical evaluation, life-threatening hyperkalaemia, retention of uraemic toxins, high anion gap metabolic acidosis, elevated serum levels of myoglobin, and muscle enzymes are noted; creatine phosphokinase is very useful for diagnosing rhabdomyolysis.Early fluid administration is vital to prevent crush-related AKI; the rate of initial fluid volume should be 1000 mL/hour. Overall, 3–6 L are administered within a 6-hour period considering environmental, demographic and clinical features, and urinary response to fluids. In disaster circumstances, the preferred fluid formulation is isotonic saline because of its ready availability. Alkaline (bicarbonate-added) hypotonic saline may be more useful, especially in isolated cases not related to disaster, as it may prevent intratubular myoglobin, and uric acid plugs, metabolic acidosis, and also life-threatening hyperkalaemia.In the case of established acute tubular necrosis, dialysis support is life-saving. Although all types of dialysis techniques may be used, intermittent haemodialysis is the preferred modality because of medical and logistic advantages. Close follow-up and appropriate treatment improve mortality rates, which may be as low as 15–20% even in disaster circumstances. Polytrauma victims after mass disasters deserve special mention, because crush syndrome is the second most frequent cause of death after trauma. Chaos, overwhelming number of patients, and logistical drawbacks often result in delayed, and sometimes incorrect treatment. Medical and logistical disaster preparedness is useful to improve the ultimate outcome of disaster victims.
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Gomber, Peter, e Kai Zimmermann. Algorithmic Trading in Practice. Editado por Shu-Heng Chen, Mak Kaboudan e Ye-Rong Du. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199844371.013.12.
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The use of computer algorithms in securities trading, or algorithmic trading, has become a central factor in modern financial markets. The desire for cost and time savings within the trading industry spurred buy side as well as sell side institutions to implement algorithmic services along the entire securities trading value chain. This chapter encompasses this algorithmic evolution, highlighting key cornerstones in it development discussing main trading strategies, and summarizing implications for overall securities markets quality. In addition, it touches on the contribution of algorithmic trading to the recent market turmoil, the U.S. Flash Crash, including the discussions of potential solutions for assuring market reliability and integrity.
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Francisco, Louçã, e Ash Michael. A Long Stagnation, or Capitalism without Growth. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828211.003.0012.
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Chapter 11 assesses the growth prospects of the world economy. The history of global economic doomsaying is traced briefly, a frequently reasonable position that has not done well with the facts for the past hundred years. Capitalism has been adept at escaping from the pit and pendulum. A set of global imbalances is then reviewed that are seen as posing a severe threat to global economic stability and certainly to the prospects for sustainable and equitable growth. The Great Recession following the Crash of 2007–8 might be “different this time.” Historical and contemporary fears of “secular stagnation” are discussed but the speculative nature of stagnationist assessments is acknowledged.
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Featherstone, Mark, ed. The Sociology of Debt. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447339526.001.0001.
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In recent years, and particularly since the global economic crash, the issue of debt has moved centre stage in social, political, and economic thought. Although processes of financialisation have meant that extreme indebtedness has been a latent global problem since the 1980s, it was only in the wake of the crash that debt became a manifest systemic issue. This was because it was no longer possible to endlessly defer repayment into the future on the basis of a fantasy of ceaseless growth because it suddenly became clear that the financial system was not good for the debts it had distributed across the globe. Given this crisis, endless finance and repayment projected into the distant future has been transformed into ‘the dead weight of debt’ and led to the emergence of a new class system based upon creditors and debtors. The emergence of this new situation challenges sociologists and policy-makers to think about possible solutions to the socio-economic horror of debt bondage that threatens to destroy the future of not only deeply indebted individuals and their families, but also generations to come who currently stand to inherit a decrepit society that seems hopelessly trapped between a fantasy of endless growth based in financial speculation and a dim recognition of the need for sustainability that finds violent rearticulation in austerity and common sense narratives about the need to balance the books. In this book key thinkers on the topic of debt debate the social, political, and economic, meanings of the state of indebtedness.
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Leslie, Thomas. Chicago, 1934. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037542.003.0009.
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This chapter describes the impact of the Great Depression on the Chicago real estate market. The gravity of the Depression can be understood by what was not built. For instance, Walter Ahlschlager had planned a massive complex of office towers, showrooms, lodging, and leisure facilities known variously as Crane Tower, Chicago tower, and the Apparel Mart. Announced by a group of apparel executives in June 1928, the scheme proposed a seventy-five-story setback tower atop a base that was to span railyards between the extended Randolph Street and Wacker Drive. However, nothing more was heard of the project after the October crash. The idea of a city rising above the Illinois Central yards attracted other schemes but no serious investment until after 1950.
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Ellwood, D. W. ‘America’ and Europe, 1914–1945. Editado por Nicholas Doumanis. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199695669.013.24.
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The First World War cost Europe the leadership of the world. But the United States of Woodrow Wilson was not ready to take its place. The 1920s brought Europe to a crossroads where mass democracy, mass production, and mass communications—the latter two dominated by American innovations— transformed ideas of sovereignty, modernity, and identity everywhere. The financial crash of 1929 destroyed illusions about the United States as the land of the future, and helped legitimize the totalitarians. European democrats looked to the 1930s New Deal as their last best hope. During the Second World War Roosevelt rebuilt the global order, with the United Nations and other new institutions. But the United States was now looking to ‘retire’ Europe from the world scene, and build a new universe based on America’s experience of the link between mass prosperity and democratic stability.
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Thurner, Stefan, Rudolf Hanel e Peter Klimekl. Probability and Random Processes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198821939.003.0002.
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Phenomena, systems, and processes are rarely purely deterministic, but contain stochastic,probabilistic, or random components. For that reason, a probabilistic descriptionof most phenomena is necessary. Probability theory provides us with the tools for thistask. Here, we provide a crash course on the most important notions of probabilityand random processes, such as odds, probability, expectation, variance, and so on. Wedescribe the most elementary stochastic event—the trial—and develop the notion of urnmodels. We discuss basic facts about random variables and the elementary operationsthat can be performed on them. We learn how to compose simple stochastic processesfrom elementary stochastic events, and discuss random processes as temporal sequencesof trials, such as Bernoulli and Markov processes. We touch upon the basic logic ofBayesian reasoning. We discuss a number of classical distribution functions, includingpower laws and other fat- or heavy-tailed distributions.
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Francisco, Louçã, e Ash Michael. Deeds and Doctrines of the Central Bankers. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828211.003.0007.
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Chapter 6 locates historically the doctrine and practice of central bank independence. It uses the illustrious career of Alan Greenspan, former Chair of the US Federal Reserve to introduce a history of central banking. Greenspan advocated ceaselessly for the deregulation of finance thanks to his faith in private decision makers keeping an eye on themselves and their debtors. That faith that was shattered by the crisis of 2007–8. A history of US banking shows how banking has swung between hard money and soft money. Finance serves the powerful but has always been contested ground, be it between competing elites such as agrarian and financial-industrial interests fighting over the first central banks of the United States, or between an elite and the dispossessed after the Great Crash of 1929. Brief histories of banking in several European countries are provided.
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Wierzbicki, James. Hollywood. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040078.003.0005.
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This chapter explores one of the ironies that color the history of the American film industry—the fact that its most glorious years, in terms of profitability, were those during which the entire nation struggled desperately to pull itself out of the depths of the Great Depression. Hollywood was as hard hit as any other industry by the stock market crash of 1929. But the captains of the film industry took advantage of several of the “New Deal” offers extended in 1933 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Owing in part to smart business practices and in large part to an audience desperately in need of inexpensive escapist entertainment, the American film industry after 1933 thrived on a circle of economic dependence on attendance, exhibition, and production; only after World War II did the circle reverse itself and turn vicious.
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Welsh, Mary Sue. “Mortally Wounded”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037368.003.0008.
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This chapter focuses on events following the death of Edna Phillips' younger sister Peggy in a plane crash. Not long after the Phillips family received the cable informing them of Peggy's death, the orchestra's personnel manager, Paul Lotz, who had already spoken with Stokowski, called Phillips. That Monday evening, the very next day, the orchestra was scheduled to play a concert that had the César Franck Symphony on the program, which the second harpist had not rehearsed with the orchestra. Stokowski asked Lotz to convey a message to Phillips for him. “As a man,” the maestro said, “I'd tell her not to play, but as an artist, she must if she possibly can. ” And so Phillips played the concert on Monday night. Although Edna's grief over Peggy was deep, her work in the orchestra couldn't be ignored. She had to go forward, and she did.
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Canfield, Donald Eugene. Earth’s Middle Ages: What Came after the GOE. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691145020.003.0009.
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This chapter considers the aftermath of the great oxidation event (GOE). It suggests that there was a substantial rise in oxygen defining the GOE, which may, in turn have led to the Lomagundi isotope excursion, which was associated with high rates of organic matter burial and perhaps even higher concentrations of oxygen. This excursion was soon followed by a crash in oxygen to very low levels and a return to banded iron formation deposition. When the massive amounts of organic carbon buried during the excursion were brought into the weathering environment, they would have represented a huge oxygen sink, drawing down levels of atmospheric oxygen. There appeared to be a veritable seesaw in oxygen concentrations, apparently triggered initially by the GOE. The GOE did not produce enough oxygen to oxygenate the oceans. Dissolved iron was removed from the oceans not by reaction with oxygen but rather by reaction with sulfide. Thus, the deep oceans remained anoxic and became rich in sulfide, instead of becoming well oxygenated.
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McAlpine, Kenneth B. Nintendo’s NES. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190496098.003.0005.
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The North American video game crash of 1983 made it difficult for Nintendo to break into the American market with its new console, the Nintendo Entertainment System. When it finally did gain a toehold in 1986, it was the Nintendo ‘Seal of Quality’, a graphical rosette that was emblazoned on every official Nintendo release, that encouraged consumers to buy video game cartridges once more. This chapter explores how the difficulties in getting the Nintendo Entertainment System to market, coupled with a strong sense of house style, played an important part in creating a consistency in the 8-bit sound, in terms of both quality and style. The chapter focuses on Super Mario Bros., the game that defined the Nintendo Entertainment System. Its catchy soundtrack captured the qualities of the gameplay. It discusses how the game’s composer, Koji Kondo, defined the formal grammar and style of a new form of media music, the interactive game underscore, and worked with the hardware to create a light, jazz-inspired sound.
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Siddiqi, Asiya. Insolvent Women. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199472208.003.0006.
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Our study of insolvency records affords a rare glimpse into the lives of women from different social classes and milieus in Bombay during the mid-nineteenth century. Contrary to colonial stereotypes of Indian women as trapped in oppressive patriarchal relationships, and as weak and helpless, we find that many had independent incomes, owned property, and enjoyed power in the domain of the home and family life. Women from wealthy merchant families actually owned and controlled much of the borrowed capital. We infer from the insolvency records that women who were not wealthy and worked for their livelihood also had considerable agency. In our study, about 38% of the women who petitioned the insolvency courts for protections were dancing girls, courtesans, and prostitutes who had independent incomes and were directly affected by the crash. The incomes of dancing girls and courtesans were low as a whole but varied greatly, as did their social standing and levels of literacy.
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Schiller, Dan. Introduction. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038761.003.0016.
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This book explores the notion of digital capitalism and its crash in 2007–2008, which it attributes to the uneven character of information and communications technology (ICT). It advances two main arguments: that the economic contributions made by ICT to digital capitalism rendered digital technology a fundamental pole of growth; and that, when it arrived, the economic crisis could be traced not only to financial speculation but to capital's multifaceted integration of digital systems into the political economy. In this account, the contradictory matrix of technological revolution and stagnation that constitutes capitalism today is highlighted. The book also elucidates the role of information and communications in the political economy's chief developmental processes, including capital's reorganization of the system of production, through fresh cycles of labor restructuring and spiking foreign direct investment; capital's concurrent ingress into finance; escalating military procurement spending; and the wide-ranging changes in the ICT sector. Finally, it considers how commodity chains bring together diverse labor systems to effect globally distributed production processes.
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Melber, Henning. Dag Hammarskjöld, the United Nations and the Decolonisation of Africa. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190087562.001.0001.
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In 1953 Dag Hammarskjöld became the second Secretary-General of the United Nations—the highest international civil servant. Before his mission was cut short by a 1961 plane crash in then Northern Rhodesia (today Zambia), he used his office to act on the basis of anti-hegemonic values, including solidarity and recognition of otherness. The dubious circumstances of Hammarskjöld’s death have received much attention, including a new official investigation (which is summarized in a chapter), but have perhaps overshadowed his diplomatic legacy—one that has often been hotly contested. This book summarizes Hammarskjöld’s personal background and the normative frameworks of the United Nations. He then explores the years of African decolonization during which Hammarskjöld was in office, investigating the scope and limits of his influence within the context of global governance during the Cold War. It paints a picture of a man with strong guiding principles, but limited room for maneuver, colliding with the essential interests of the big powers as the ‘wind of change’ blew over the African continent. The book is a critical contribution to the study of international politics and the role of the UN in the African decolonization processes during the Cold War. It is also exploring the role of individuals in leadership positions of the international civil service and by doing so is a tribute to the achievements of a cosmopolitan Swede.
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Marsh, John. The Emotional Life of the Great Depression. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198847731.001.0001.
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The Emotional Life of the Great Depression documents how Americans responded emotionally to the crisis of the Great Depression. Unlike most books about the 1930s, which focus almost exclusively on the despair of the American people during the decade, The Emotional Life of the Great Depression explores the 1930s through other, equally essential emotions: righteousness, panic, fear, awe, love, and hope. In expanding the canon of Great Depression emotions, the book draws on an eclectic archive of sources, including the ravings of a would-be presidential assassin, stock market investment handbooks, a Cleveland serial murder case, Jesse Owens’s record-setting long jump at the 1936 Berlin Olympics, King Edward VIII’s abdication from his throne to marry a twice-divorced American woman, and the founding of Alcoholics Anonymous. In concert with these, it offers new readings of the imaginative literature of the period, from obscure Christian apocalyptic novels and H.P. Lovecraft short stories to classics such as John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath and Richard Wright’s Native Son. The upshot is a new take on the Great Depression, one that emphasizes its major events (the stock market crash, unemployment, the passage of the Social Security Act) but also, and perhaps even more so, its sensibilities, its structures of feeling.
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Farrell, David M., e Niamh Hardiman, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Irish Politics. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198823834.001.0001.
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Ireland has enjoyed continuous democratic government for almost a century, an unusual experience among countries that gained their independence in the twentieth century. But the way this works has changed dramatically over time. Ireland’s colonial past has had an enduring influence over political life, enabling stable institutions of democratic accountability, while also shaping economic underdevelopment and persistent emigration. More recently, membership of the EU has brought about far-reaching transformation across almost all aspects of life. But the paradoxes have only intensified. Now one of the most open economies in the world, Ireland has experienced both rapid growth and a severe crash in the wake of the Great Recession. By some measures, Ireland is among the most affluent countries in the world, yet this is not the lived experience for many of its citizens. Ireland is an unequivocally modern state, yet public life continues to be marked by ideas and values in which tradition and modernity are uneasy bedfellows. It is a small state that has ambitions to carry more weight on the world stage. Ireland continues to be deeply connected to Britain through ties of culture and trade, now matters of deep concern post-Brexit. And the old fault lines between North and South, between Ireland and Britain, which had been at the core of one of Europe’s longest and bloodiest civil conflicts, risk being reopened. These key issues are teased out in this book, making it the most comprehensive volume on Irish politics to date.
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Cassis, Youssef, Catherine R. Schenk e Richard S. Grossman, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Banking and Financial History. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199658626.001.0001.
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The financial crisis of 2008 aroused widespread interest in banking and financial history among policy makers, academics, journalists, and even bankers, in addition to the wider public. References in the press to the term ‘Great Depression’ spiked after the failure of Lehman Brothers in November 2008, with similar surges in references to ‘economic history’ at various times during the financial turbulence. In an attempt to better understand the magnitude of the shock, there was a demand for historical parallels. How severe was the financial crash? Was it, in fact, the most severe financial crisis since the Great Depression? Were its causes unique or part of a well-known historical pattern? And have financial crises always led to severe depressions? Historical reflection on the recent financial crises and the long-term development of the financial system go hand in hand. This volume provides the material for such a reflection by presenting the state of the art in banking and financial history. Nineteen highly regarded experts present twenty-one chapters on the economic and financial side of banking and financial activities, primarily—though not solely—in advanced economies, in a long-term comparative perspective. In addition to paying attention to general issues, not least those related to theoretical and methodological aspects of the discipline, the volume approaches the banking and financial world from four distinct but interrelated angles: financial institutions, financial markets, financial regulation, and financial crises.
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Siddiqi, Asiya. Bombay's People, 1860-98. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199472208.001.0001.
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Caught in the web of global economic fluctuations, Bombay experienced a cataclysmic financial crisis in the 1860s. Before the crash the city’s economy was heavily dependent on the trade in cotton. By 1865, with the end of the American Civil War, the price of cotton plummeted, and with it the fortunes of Bombay’s people. Even people not directly involved in the cotton trade were affected. Thousands declared themselves insolvent and sought the protection of the Bombay High Court. Drawing on almost twenty thousand petitions of insolvents, Asiya Siddiqi explores a crucial phase of transformations in Indian economy and society. Situating her study in the early colonial period of constant negotiations between local, colonial, and global relationships, Siddiqi maps patterns of income, literacy levels, and connections between religion and occupation. She not only analyses the finances of the wealthy and the powerful but also of working people. Among the people who made an appearance in the insolvency petitions were artisans, traders, courtesans and dancing girls, managers, homemakers, domestic servants, and labourers. The documents tell us about types of professions, modes of self-identification, kinds and degrees of literacy, and income levels. The study also illuminates certain features of colonial law. People whose conduct was grounded in customary codes of practice that were relatively flexible and informal had to negotiate the streamlining and codification of practices that the colonial government undertook. From this scrutiny is revealed the workings of the complex and dynamic economic and social relationships among Bombay’s people in the late nineteenth century.
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Roessler, Philip, e Harry Verhoeven. Why Comrades Go to War. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190611354.001.0001.
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In October 1996, a motley crew of ageing Marxists and unemployed youths coalesced to revolt against Mobutu Seso Seko, president of Zaire/Congo since 1965. Backed by a Rwanda-led regional coalition that drew support from Asmara to Luanda, the rebels of the AFDL marched over 1500 kilometers in seven months to crush the dictatorship. To the Congolese rebels and their Pan-Africanist allies, the vanquishing of the Mobutu regime represented nothing short of a “second independence” for Congo and Central Africa as a whole. Within 15 months, however, Central Africa’s “liberation Peace” would collapse, triggering a cataclysmic fratricide between the heroes of the war against Mobutu and igniting the deadliest conflict since World War II. Uniquely drawing on hundreds of interviews with protagonists from Congo, Rwanda, Angola, Uganda, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Eritrea, South Africa, Belgium, France, the UK and the US, Why Comrades Go to War offers a novel theoretical and empirical account of Africa’s Great War. It argues that the seeds of Africa’s Great War were sown in the revolutionary struggle against Mobutu—the way the revolution came together, the way it was organized, and, paradoxically, the very way it succeeded. In particular, the book argues that the overthrow of Mobutu proved a Pyrrhic victory because the protagonists ignored the philosophy of Julius Nyerere, the father of Africa's liberation movements: they put the gun before the unglamorous but essential task of building the domestic and regional political institutions and organizational structures necessary to consolidate peace after revolution.
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WE HATE EVERYTHING BUT BOYS: WE HATE EVERYTHING BUT BOYS (Linda Story). Simon Pulse, 1990.
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Lewis, Linda. We Hate Everything but Boys. Sagebrush Education Resources, 1999.
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