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1

Wright, C. R. F. "The biophysical properties of plantar callus and the relationship between pressure and callus development and regression." Thesis, University of Salford, 2015. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/36946/.

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Plantar calluses are common skin lesions which often require professional treatment by podiatrists. They commonly present under prominent areas such as the metatarsal heads and can cause significant discomfort during ambulation. Furthermore, they are one of the known risk factors for ulceration in individuals with systemic conditions such as diabetes mellitus. Anecdotal evidence suggests that mechanical factors contribute to calluses and there are numerous studies linking callus to increased peak plantar pressure. However, whether callus is a result of increased pressure or vice versa remains
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2

Aḥmad, Shafīq. "In vitro callus selection in Brassica species." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/26390.

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The study mainly concerns the potential of <I>in vitro</I> selection as an aid to plant breeders. Three species, of the genus <I>Brassica</I>, were used in the investigation as model crop plants. Calli of these species were selected for NaCl tolerance. The study has three main sections dealing with the needs of tissue culture in <I>Brassica</I> species, <I>in vitro</I> selection of callus for NaCl tolerance and estimation of somaclonal variation. The first section evaluates the potential of different <I>Brassica</I> species and explant sources for <I>in vitro</I> culture. The study also descri
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3

Connolly, Dorothy Jane. "Callus and suspension cultures in the Laminariales." Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358718.

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4

Benito, M. Elena Gonzalez. "Callus induction and plant regeneration in Alstroemeria." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280455.

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5

Omwenga, George Isanda. "Callus Development and Organogenesis in Cultured Explants of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4655/.

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Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp is an excellent source of protein, vitamins and minerals and a major food crop many parts of Africa. Optimal production levels are hampered by insect pests and diseases. Biotechnological techniques such as tissue culture and genetic engineering can aid in the development of varieties with resistance to insect pests and diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate conditions necessary for the development of a reproducible tissue culture system that can be applied to regenerate transformed cells from culture. The in vitro manipulation of cowpea u
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6

Daneshvar, Mohammad H. "Callus induction and organogenesis in cultivars of peach (Prunus persica)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306700.

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7

Hu, Bizhen. "Metabolite Production in Callus Culture of Burdock (Arctium lappa L.)." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1357141954.

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8

Saka, Kamel. "REGENERATION OF COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.) CALLUS PROTOPLASTS TO MACROCALLI." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275376.

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9

Al, Mansoori Thuraya A. "Salt tolerance in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)." Thesis, University of Reading, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270424.

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10

Fonseca, Sergio Eduardo Abud. "Assessing resistance to Crinipellis perniciosa in cocoa clones and callus cultures." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47063.

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11

McGillivray, Lesley. "The role of auxin in habituation of Lactuca sativa callus tissue." Thesis, University of Bath, 1991. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280912.

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12

Horne, Jacqueline Avril. "Mathematical modelling of soft callus formation in early murine bone repair." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2013. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/63823/1/Jacqueline_Avril_Horne_Thesis.pdf.

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Fracture healing is a complicated coupling of many processes. Yet despite the apparent complexity, fracture repair is usually effective. There is, however, no comprehensive mathematical model addressing the multiple interactions of cells, cytokines and oxygen that includes extra-cellular matrix production and that results in the formation of the early stage soft callus. This thesis develops a one dimensional continuum transport model in the context of early fracture healing. Although fracture healing is a complex interplay of many local factors, critical components are identified and used t
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13

Mdodana, Ntombizanele Thobela. "The effects of the synthetic strigolactone GR24 on Arabidopsis thaliana callus culture." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71963.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Plant growth promoting substances (PGPS) are emerging as useful tools in the investigation of important plant growth traits. Two PGPS, smoke-water derived from burning plant material and a synthetic strigolactone analogue, GR24, have been reported to regulate a wide variety of developmental and growth processes in plants. These PGPS are beginning to receive considerable attention in the area of improving plant biomass yield and production. Variation in growth between plants is a major impediment towards the complete unders
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14

Murao, Hiroki. "Periosteal cells are a major source of soft callus in bone fracture." Kyoto University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/189667.

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15

Bevans, John S. "Mechanical, neuropathic and metabolic factors in the formation of plantar callus in diabetes." Thesis, University of Salford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388486.

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16

Thompson, J. A. "Plant regeneration from cell and protoplast cultures of rice." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378368.

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17

Costa, Jefferson da Luz. "Callus growth kinetics of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) and anthelmintic and cytotoxic activity." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/46429.

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Orientador : Dr. Carlos Ricardo Soccol<br>Coorientador : André Luis Lopes da Silva<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Bioprocessos e Biotecnologia. Defesa: Curitiba, 29/12/2016<br>Inclui referências : f. 45-52<br>Área de concentração<br>Resumo: A cultura de tecidos vegetais propicia em um período curto de tempo a multiplicação de plantas geneticamente idênticas em larga escala, permite a produção de metabólitos secundários em ambiente controlado para aplicação na agricultura e na indústria. Pinhão manso (Jatroph
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18

Nahar, Maksuda Anjuman. "Regeneration of plants from anther, callus and protoplast cultures of rice (Oryza sativa L.)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13505/.

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The work described in this thesis focuses on the development of fully reproducible systems of plant regeneration through embryogenic callus and totipotent protoplast cultures of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Taipei 309). The calli originated from different explants, including excised anthers, isolated microspores, mature seed-embryos, immature seed-embryos and leaf-base meristems. In the callus culture and plant regeneration studies, excised anther-derived callus produced higher numbers of green (90.5%) and albino (9.5%) plants, both haploids (81.2%) and diploids (18.8%), compared to other explant
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19

Kopbayev, Arman A. "Biolistic and agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of immature and mature embryos of spring wheat cultivar Saratovskaya-29." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2446.

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Plant transformation provides a promising methodology of introducing new genes that encode desirable traits to a wide range of crop plants. Success in genetic transformation has been achieved in many of the important crop species, such as soybean, cotton, rice, corn. However, wheat, one of the major crops of the world, has been considered to be difficult to transform via either Agrobacterium or biolistic bombardment (Rakszegi et al., 2001). There have been limited studies on A. tumefaciens-mediated transformation of cereals, including wheat, because of the overall refractory character of host-
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20

Babaoglu, Mehmet. "Genetic manipulation of lupins." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320790.

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21

Singsit, Chongkhohao. "Genetic analysis of androgenetic competence and plants regenerated from callus culture of diploid potato species." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77839.

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Inheritance of androgenetic competence was studied in 10 diploid potato species hybrids and 16 backcross progeny. Ten hybrid families including three reciprocals were generated between competent clones of S. phureja and incompetent clones of S. berthaultii, S. microdontum and S. phureja. The F₁ hybrid families segregated for androgenetic competence with some highly competent and some incompetent genotypes in all families. The expression of androgenetic competence was modified by parents lacking competence. The cytoplasm of species lacking competence exerted a greater influence on the expressio
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22

Teruya, Kamiyama Milagros Sanae. "Evaluación de fitorreguladores del crecimiento en la inducción de callo embriogénico en Gossypium barbadense L. 1753 “algodón nativo” color pardo." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Ricardo Palma, 2016. http://cybertesis.urp.edu.pe/handle/urp/823.

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Gossypium barbadense L. “algodón nativo” es oriundo de la costa norte del Perú y se caracteriza por presentar fibras de colores naturales. La evaluación del efecto de diferentes concentraciones de fitorreguladores de crecimiento en la inducción de callo embriogénico se realizó en explantes de hipocotilo de G. barbadense L. “algodón nativo” color pardo, bajo dos condiciones lumínicas distintas. La desinfección de semillas se llevó a cabo utilizando NaOCl al 2.5% en distintos tiempos de exposición (5-20 min) para obtener plántulas in vitro. Para la iniciación y proliferación de callos, se introd
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23

Butler, Helen Theresa. "Alien chromosome instability during callus culture of Solanum tuberosum L. + S. sanctae-rosae hawkes somatic hybrids." Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298850.

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24

Souza, Isabel Cristina da CÃsta. "Biochemical characterization of callus laticÃferas species in response to salt stress and analysis of transcription osmotinas." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=15574.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior<br>Calotropis procera e Cryptostegia grandiflora sÃo plantas laticÃferas. Em seus fluidos laticÃferos, foram encontradas proteÃnas do tipo osmotina. A literatura reporta que osmotinas sÃo proteÃnas relacionadas com mecanismos de defesa vegetal em situaÃÃes de estresse biÃtico e/ou abiÃtico. Entretanto, ainda hà vÃrias inconsistÃncias nessa afirmaÃÃo. Nesse contexto, tÃcnicas in vitro de cultura de tecidos vegetais foram aplicadas como modelo para auxiliar na compreensÃo de como as cÃlulas de calos de C. procera e C. grandiflora respon
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25

Pei, Ming Hao. "Peridermium pini (Pers.) Lév.-Axenic culture and infection of pine callus tissue cultures and young seedlings." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1989. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU553195.

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Axenic cultures of Peridermium pini have been established on modified Shenk &'38 Hilderbrandt's and Harvey &'38 Grasham's media from naturally infected cortex tissues and aeciospore-infected calluses of P. sylvestris and from aeciospores collected from NE Scotland and East Anglia. The cultures occasionally produced immature smooth-surfaced, binucleate spores. Actively growing cultures infected P. sylvestris calluses but not seedlings or trees. In the experiment of fungal nutrition, (NH4)2SO4 appeared essential, sucrose, D-glucose, raffinose and D-sorbitol supported good growth while D-xylose,
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26

Greer, Ann Francine. "Effects of NaCl on tobacco callus cultures." Thesis, 1989. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/3119/1/ML56120.pdf.

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27

Wang, Yet-Walt, and 王月華. "Studies on Genetic Transformation with Phalaenopsis Callus." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34209082559612250922.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>園藝學研究所<br>88<br>Callus of Doritaenopsis ( Dtps. ) Taisuco Ladylip was successfully induced from 26% of the protocorms cultured on 1/2 MS medium ( PC medium ) containing 5 mg/l 2,4-D and 5 mg/l TDZ in the dark condition. For the establishment of Dtps. suspension cells the calli were cultured in liquid medium supplemented with 2000 mg/l of PVP ( polyvinylpyrolidone ). PVP decreased cell necrosis by 83.3 % compared with the control. Suspension cells of Dtps. increased growth weekly by 50 %. Calli and suspension cells of Dtps. subcultured on G7M medium turned green and then produce
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28

Chen, Ying-chun, and 陳盈君. "Plant Regeneration from Callus Culture of Phalaenopsis." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31249579018200713538.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>園藝學研究所<br>87<br>Callus of Phalaenopsis were induced from seed-derived protocorms, leaves and root tips on 1/2 MS (Murashige and Skoog,1962) medium containing 0-1.0 mg/l N-phenyl-N''-1,2,3,-thiadiazol-5-yl urea (TDZ) and 0-10 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). It was demonstrated that 2-month old protocorms were better than leaves and root tips for callus inducing. More calli were formed on 1/2 MS supplemented with 0.1-1.0 mg/l TDZ, and 10 mg/l 2,4-D was not suitable for callus induction. There were roots, white and yellow buds appeared while inducing callus.
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29

"Characterization of Byrsonima intermedia A. Juss. embryogenic callus." Tese, BIBLIOTECA CENTRAL DA UFLA, 2006. http://bibtede.ufla.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=257.

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30

游彥端. "Producing useful heterologous protein in transgenic rice callus." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68460822556573667460.

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碩士<br>長庚大學<br>化工與材料工程研究所<br>92<br>The purpose of this study is to produce human serum albumin by transgenic rice callus. For the past two decades, many scientists used biotechnology to produce biopharmaceutical proteins in transgenic plants. Using plants as expression system for producing biopharmaceutical proteins from human or animals may avoid pollution of unknown viruses’ contamination by traditional extraction methods. In order to enlarge expression of recombinant human serum albumin from the αamy3 promoter in the rice Tainung 67(TNG67), we carried out suspension culture and im
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31

Xie, Shi Yan, and 謝士彥. "Studies on amylolytic enzymes from sweet potato callus." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60776806302409207685.

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32

Yang, Chih-Yuan, and 楊智元. "Studies on Amylolytic enzymes from Sweet Potato Callus." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26972296416893601671.

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33

Lin, Yuh-Lih, and 林育朸. "Studies on Starch Phosphorylase Isozymes from Sweet Potato Callus." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66524261734832306600.

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34

林聖全. "Study on Callus Induction and Organogenesis of Zantedeschia hybrida." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04511524350977370823.

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碩士<br>南台科技大學<br>生物科技系<br>92<br>Calla lily (Zantedeschia spp.), a member of Arum family (Araceae), is a tuber flower crop originating from the southern regions of Africa. Two major production problems in calla lily industry are bacterial soft rot caused by Erwinia corotovora and viral disease infected either by cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) or by dasheen mosaic virus (DsMV). Therefore, disease resistance has been an important goal for calla lily breeding programs all over the world. Since hybridization incompatibility usually occurs in interspecific cross in Zantedeschia, it has been a difficulty
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35

Chen, Yen-Hsun, and 陳彥勳. "Callus Culture of Ginkgo biloba andStudies of Ginkgolide B." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40033352287083559526.

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碩士<br>長庚大學<br>化工與材料工程研究所<br>93<br>Abstract Flavone Glycosides and Terpene Lactones are two main active components of Ginkgo Biloba Leaves. Terpene Lactones contain ginkgolides A, B, C, J, M (abbreviated as GA, GB, GC, GJ and GM) and Bilobalide. The curative effects are due to Ginkgolides. The Ginkgolides characterize in selectively inhibiting the platelet-activating factor (PAF) and posses neuro-protective effects. Especially GB has the strongest potency among these. The Ginkgo Biloba Leaves used in this experiment were provided by Tung Shih Forest District Office. The objective of the present
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36

Hsu, Shan-Te, and 徐善德. "Plant Regeneration from Callus Culture and Genetic Transformation of Phalaenopsis." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74739017918635753094.

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博士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>園藝學研究所<br>95<br>Phalaenopsis orchid is one of the most important orchids grown for commercial production of cut flowers and potted plants. It has been chosen by the Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, as one of the four flagship speciality products for export. There is substantial interest in the production and improvement of these commercially valuable plants in Taiwan. However, orchids usually have long juvenile periods and reproductive cycles, which restrict genetic improvement using traditional sexual hybridization. Modern genetic engineering techniques provide an effe
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37

Lin, Meng-ze, and 林孟澤. "In vitro germination and callus induction of Coffee arabica L." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77503726566119564493.

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碩士<br>國立高雄大學<br>生命科學系碩士班<br>102<br>The thesis attempts to establish a protocol for callus induction of Coffee arabica L. Firstly, the seeds were sown in in vitro conditions and seedlings obtained were used as donor plants for the subsequent tests. The explants were taken from these donor plants and placed on a modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with combinations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) in the dark. The calli were proliferated more on the same medium, and their capacities of in vitro morphogenesis were subsequently evaluated. In the seeds germination experiment, 10
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何佳靜. "studies on callus and suspension cell culture of Ginkgo biloba." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52722092894223431275.

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碩士<br>國立東華大學<br>生物技術研究所<br>87<br>Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba), a species of ginkgoaceae, was first recorded in Zea-Ung-Pen-Ts''ao-Ching. Its fruit, one of the Chinese medicinal herbs, was used mainly for treating cough. The purpose of this study was to establish the suspension culture of Ginkgo biloba for producing its secondary metabolites, such as ginkgolide B (GKB) and quercetin. Cell suspension culture was established from the leaves- derived callus. The culture conditions for both cell growth and secondary metabolites production were then evaluated. It was found that MS basal medium
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Chu, Yi-hang, and 朱以航. "Induction of callus and in vitro morphogenesis of Bupleurum Kaoi." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62351790486492481855.

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碩士<br>國立高雄大學<br>生物科技研究所<br>100<br>This thesis attempts to develop a protocol for induction of callus from explants taken from seedlings of Bupleurum kaoi, and subsequently the in vitro morphogenesis of callus that was induced by different types and concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) were evaluated. It was found that the treatment of 1.25% sodium hypochlorite for 20 min gave the highest germination rate (60%). Segments taken from roots and leaves of 8-week-old seedling were used as explants for callus induction. The results displayed that there were 17 callus lines could be obtain
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LIN, WEN-ZHAO, and 林文昭. "Callus induction and protoplast culture from immature embryo of maize." Thesis, 1989. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01430763010980072638.

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41

LU, ZHI-HUI, and 陸知慧. "Preparation and biochemical studies on amyloplast from sweet potato callus." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36309175532571256683.

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42

Liu, Chung-Min, and 劉重民. "Studies on Callus nad Cell Suspension Culture of Bupleurum marginatum Willd." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24614137613480253510.

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jin-quan, Yi, and 伊金泉. "Studies on secondary metabolite production of Ginkgo biloba from callus culture." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35446246618485039041.

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碩士<br>長庚大學<br>化工與材料工程研究所<br>92<br>Ginkgo biloba is an ancient Chinese medicinal plant. The Ginkgo Biloba leaves contain mainly ginkgolide(ginkgolide A, B, C, J , and M, abbreviated as GA, GB, GC, GJ, and GM)are selective platelet-activating factor(PAF)antagonist and posses the neuro-protective effect. Especially, GB has the most strong potent among these terpenoid and is now used as the antagonist for the prevention and treatment of thrombus , illness of blood vessel of heart and brain arrhythmia , asthma ,bronchitis , senile dementia and allergic reaction, and is also widely used in pharmace
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Huang, Shih-yang, and 黃世揚. "Induction of callus and polyploids from root explants of Panax ginseng." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16759458692084015778.

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碩士<br>國立高雄大學<br>生物科技研究所<br>100<br>Roots of Panax ginseng were used as explants to culture on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of plant growth regulators. After four weeks, the results showed that callus could be induced by 0.5–2 mg/L of 2,4-D + 0.1–0.5 mg/L of TDZ, but the root explants in PGR–free medium became browning. Callus cultured on MS medium with 2 mg/L 2,4-D + 0.5 mg/L TDZ had highest proliferation rate which had an average of 11.5 folds. We selected the callus which induced by the concentration of 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D + 0.1 mg/L TDZ and 2 mg/L 2,4-D + 0.5 mg/L TDZ with
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Chen, Yu-Ping, and 陳玉萍. "Enhancement of callus formation in bone fractures associated with brain injury." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63742330930765823767.

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Chen, Pei-Hauan, and 陳姵璇. "Study of Skullcap (Scutellaria indica) callus culture and its flavonoids contents." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47541919917928981796.

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碩士<br>輔仁大學<br>生命科學系碩士班<br>105<br>Scutellaria indica (skullcap), a perennial Lamiaceae herb and a traditional medicinal plant used in East Asia,is genetically close to Scutellaria lateriflora (SL). SL is the American species of SI and is also a commonly used medicinal plant. According to the study of Brock et al. (2012), extracts of SL can relieve anxiety, calm the nervous, and improve the insomnia symptoms; it has been even made into beverages for sale. Although there have some reports about the flavonoids contents of Scutellaria indica, there is no tissue cultures of skullcap has been studied
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Liao, Ya-Yun, and 廖雅韻. "Induction of Callus and Development of Transformation System in Taiwania cryptomerioides." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89251923182366212268.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>森林環境暨資源學研究所<br>100<br>Two-year-old and four-year-old stem explants of Taiwania cryptomerioides were used to induce shoot multiplication that in vitro cultured in MMS medium containing 1 mg/L BA + 0.1 mg/L NAA + 0.1 mg/L KIN. Each stem of T. cyptomerioides could induce seven shoots. The experimental results indicated that MMS medium supplemented 0.05 mg/L NAA is a well medium for inducting Taiwania root. When root growth about 2 cm long, it was transferred to MMS medium without hormone. In addition, the callus inducing was performed by cutting 0.3 - 0.5 cm stem, shoot tip and le
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Gitau, Raphael Ngigi. "Somaclonal variation from scutellar callus cultures of maize embryos (Zea mays L.)." 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/17046.

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CHEN, MENG-JU, and 陳孟汝. "Callus induction and plantlet regeneration of succulents Sempervivum tectorum and Haworthia retusa." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/296h54.

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碩士<br>國立宜蘭大學<br>園藝學系碩士班<br>105<br>There are more than ten thousand species of succulent plants in the world and all of the succulents belong to 50 families in botanical classification. In some families, such as Agavaceae, Aizoaceae, Aloaceae, Apocynaceae, Crassulaceae, Euphorbiaceae, most of their member species are succulents and common in the market. Traditionally they are propagated by seeding, cutting and division of the parent plants. However, the number of offspring is limited and the chances of success with these propagation methods are low due to difficulty in obtaining seeds, low germ
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YU, RONG-XIU, and 余榮修. "STUDIES ON THE BIOSYNTHESIS AND METABOTISM POLYAMINES AND NICOTINE IN TOBACCO CALLUS." Thesis, 1990. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65683864018283771604.

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