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1

Athar, Muhammad, Nor Ayuni Binti Zaidi, Azmi Mohd Shariff, Azizul Buang, and Muhammad Ishaq Khan. "Chemical reactor inherent safety index at preliminary design stage." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 458 (December 24, 2018): 012048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/458/1/012048.

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2

Ibrahim, Mohamed Mahmoud Aboelkheir. "An Optimized Chemical and Mechanical Engineering Design of an Ammonia Reactor." Cognizance Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 2, no. 1 (2022): 10–37. https://doi.org/10.47760/cognizance.2022.v02i01.002.

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Design of an ammonia reactor was conceived as part of a series of item designs for an ammonia plant in Cyprus. The Chemical and Mechanical aspects of the design were considered. Optimization of these designs was studied, worked on, & discussed. The safety, environmental and legal regulations of relevant reactor regulations were followed in the design concerned.
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3

Chen, Junjie, and Baofang Liu. "CFD Modeling and Operation Strategies for Hetero-/Homogeneous Combustion of Methane-Air Mixtures in Catalytic Microreactors Using Detailed Chemical Kinetics." Chemical Product and Process Modeling 11, no. 4 (2016): 291–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cppm-2015-0053.

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Abstract The hetero-/homogeneous combustion of methane-air mixtures in platinum-coated microreactors was investigated by means of two-dimensional CFD (computational fluid dynamics) simulations with detailed chemical reaction schemes, detailed species transport, and heat transfer mechanisms in the solid wall. Detailed homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical kinetic mechanisms are employed to describe the chemistry. The effects of the reactor size, inlet velocity and feed composition were elucidated. Operation strategies for controlling the heterogeneous and homogeneous chemistry in heterogeneous
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4

Muscalu, Constantin, Gheorghe Maria, and Daniel Dinculescu. "The Reactor Size Influence on the Optimal Operating Setpoint Choice for a Fixed-Bed Multi-Tubular Catalytic Reactor." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 8 (2018): 2012–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.8.6464.

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Optimal operation of chemical reactors of high thermal sensitivity is a central engineering problem of very high current interest. One elegant alternative to choose the optimal setpoint when at least two contrary (opposite) objectives are considered is based on the so-called Pareto-optimal front technique. This paper exemplifies how to generate Pareto optimal operating policies when reactor productivity and safety objectives (expressed in probabilistic terms) are simultaneously considered in the presence of technological constraints, uncertainty in safety boundaries, and random fluctuations in
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5

Li, Zhi Hua, and Ning Chen. "Study on Pressure Detection and Relief Device of Bio Chemical Equipment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 484-485 (January 2014): 373–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.484-485.373.

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This paper describes the chemical equipment and design overpressure conditions. Analysis of the different setting conditions on the discharge area of influence drawn: set a smaller discharge pressure tends to reduce the discharge area; reaction should be increased to increase the quality of the material discharge area; For gas system, increasing large volume of the reactor or the design pressure discharge area required can be reduced, when designing the reactor discharge area is too large can not meet the case of volume of the reactor can be increased and thus meet the requirements of the desi
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6

Azmi, A., S. A. Sata, F. S. Rohman, and N. Aziz. "Dynamic optimization of low-density polyethylene production in tubular reactor under thermal safety constraint." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly, no. 00 (2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq190108027a.

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A commercial low-density polyethylene (LDPE) which is produced by the polymerization process of ethylene in the presence of initiators in a long tubular reactor is the most widely used in polymer industry. The highly exothermic nature of the LDPE polymerization process and the heating-cooling prerequisite in tubular reactor can lead to various problems particularly safety in term of thermal runaway and productivity, i.e. decreasing monomer conversion. Therefore, model based optimization of an industrial LDPE tubular reactor under thermal safety consideration is required to be implemented. A fi
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7

MITROPETROS, K., P. FOMIN, and H. HIERONYMUS. "Safety aspects of a bubbly medium inside a chemical reactor." Chemical Engineering Journal 107, no. 1-3 (2005): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2004.12.006.

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8

Bibhab Kumar, Lodh. "The transformative role of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in chemical engineering." Open Journal of Chemistry 10, no. 1 (2024): 001–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/ojc.000033.

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Chemical engineering is a discipline intrinsically linked to fluid behavior. From reaction kinetics to reactor design, understanding how fluids flow, mix, and transfer heat is paramount. Traditionally, this relied heavily on experimentation, a time-consuming and resource-intensive process. The emergence of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has revolutionized the field, offering a powerful in-silico approach to analyze fluid dynamics in chemical engineering processes. This review paper explores the transformative role of CFD, examining its impact on various aspects of chemical engineering, inc
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9

Erwin, S., K. Schulz, H. U. Moritz, C. Schwede, and H. Kerber. "Increased Reactor Performance versus Reactor Safety Aspects in Acrylate Copolymerization." Chemical Engineering & Technology 24, no. 3 (2001): 305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-4125(200103)24:3<305::aid-ceat305>3.0.co;2-o.

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10

Mcintosh, A. C., B. F. Gray, G. C. Wake, and R. Ball. "The stability of a near-adiabatic Endex batch CSTR reactor." ANZIAM Journal 43, no. 1 (2001): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1446181100011421.

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AbstractMany tens of serious incidents involving reactors occur in the developed countries each year. The disaster at the chemical plant in Bhopal, India in 1984 was particularly notable where a thermal runaway process led to more than 3000 tragic fatalities from the cloud of extremely toxic methyl isocyanate that boiled out of a storage tank. This signalled the design of special types of chemical reactors to reduce the risk of thermal runaway by planning (at the design stage) integral safety and thermal stabilization mechanisms. The Endex CSTR (continuously stirred tank reactor) proposed by G
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11

Marchix, Anthony, and Manon Dieuaide. "Molten salt fast reactor SAMOFAR: Safety issues of the chemical plant." EPJ Web of Conferences 239 (2020): 22004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023922004.

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The concept of Molten Salt Fast Reactor (MSFR) has been selecting by the Generation IV International forum as it presents interesting features in terms of safety, sustainability and economics. SAMOFAR project aims to provide the safety assessment of the MSFR concept based on the Thorium fuel cycle. This document provides the radiological assessments for the chemical plant, including shielding requirements and decay heat evaluations.
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12

Rashmi Pradhan, Swaraj, Ramón Fernando Colmenares-Quintero, and Juan Carlos Colmenares Quintero. "Designing Microflowreactors for Photocatalysis Using Sonochemistry: A Systematic Review Article." Molecules 24, no. 18 (2019): 3315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24183315.

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Use of sonication for designing and fabricating reactors, especially the deposition of catalysts inside a microreactor, is a modern approach. There are many reports that prove that a microreactor is a better setup compared with batch reactors for carrying out catalytic reactions. Microreactors have better energy efficiency, reaction rate, safety, a much finer degree of process control, better molecular diffusion, and heat-transfer properties compared with the conventional batch reactor. The use of microreactors for photocatalytic reactions is also being considered to be the appropriate reactor
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13

Podofillini, L., and V. N. Dang. "Conventional and dynamic safety analysis: Comparison on a chemical batch reactor." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 106 (October 2012): 146–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2012.04.010.

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14

Leal, Alexandre Soares, João Gabriel Oliveira Marques, Amir Zacarias Mesquita, Daniel Almeida Magalhães Campolina, Denise Das Merces Camarano, and Jefferson Jose Vilela. "Water quality management program for IPR-R1 TRIGA® research reactor." Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences 11, no. 4 (2023): 01–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15392/2319-0612.2023.2389.

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The IPR-R1 Triga nuclear research reactor of the Nuclear Technology Development Center (CDTN) is one of the oldest reactors in operation in the world. It is a compact and inherently safe reactor that operates at a continuous power level of 100 kW with a solid homogeneous General Atomic (GA) fuel element of zirconium hydride moderator homogeneously combined with 20% enriched uranium. The reactor core is at the bottom of a tank under approximately 6.0 meters of shielding water. The long operation time of the reactor, 63 years, and the contact of the water with the core, can induce corrosive proc
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15

Mahmoud Aboelkheir, Ibrahim Mohamed. "An Optimized Chemical and Mechanical Engineering Design of an Ammonia Reactor." Cognizance Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 2, no. 1 (2022): 10–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/cognizance.2022.v02i01.002.

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Design of an ammonia reactor was conceived as part of a series of item designs for an ammonia plant in Cyprus. The Chemical and Mechanical aspects of the design were considered. Optimization of these designs was studied, worked on, &amp; discussed. The safety, environmental and legal regulations of relevant reactor regulations were followed in the design concerned.
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16

Vernières-Hassimi, L., M. A. Abdelghani-Idrissi, and D. Seguin. "Experimental and Theoretical Steady State Maximum Temperature Localization along an Exothermic Tubular Chemical Reactor." Open Chemical Engineering Journal 2, no. 1 (2008): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874123100802010057.

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This article deals with the experimental and theoretical localization of steady state maximum temperature along an exothermic tubular reactor in counter current flow configuration; which represents a key parameter for safety in the chemical engineering processes. The fluid flowing in the inner tube is a mixture of sodium thiosulfate solution in reaction with hydrogen peroxide. To control the reactive fluid temperature, the inner tube is cooled with a refrigerant fluid flowing through the annular space. The steady state is obtained from the resolution of the nonlinear partial differential equat
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17

Chen, Fang, Xi-Lin Dong, Yan Tang, et al. "Thermal Characteristic Analysis of Sodium in Diluted Oxygen via Thermogravimetric Approach." Processes 10, no. 4 (2022): 704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10040704.

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As the main reactor type of the fourth-generation nuclear power systems, sodium-cooled fast reactors are now designed and built worldwide. A sodium pool cooling circulation process is indispensable in a sodium-cooled fast reactor. However, the sodium pool fire design is the basis of accidents in sodium-cooled fast reactors. The fire hazard caused by the sodium–oxygen reaction and fast reactor safety have attracted extensive attention. Dry powder is widely used as an effective fire-extinguishing agent to control sodium fire. The sodium will burn in an oxygen-depleted atmosphere when using dry p
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18

Selinsek, Manuel, Manfred Kraut, and Roland Dittmeyer. "Experimental Evaluation of a Membrane Micro Channel Reactor for Liquid Phase Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide in Continuous Flow Using Nafion® Membranes for Safe Utilization of Undiluted Reactants." Catalysts 8, no. 11 (2018): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8110556.

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In recent years, various modular micro channel reactors have been developed to overcome limitations in challenging chemical reactions. Direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from hydrogen and oxygen is a very interesting process in this regard. However, the complex triphasic process (gaseous reactants, reaction in liquid solvent, solid catalyst) still holds challenges regarding safety, selectivity and productivity. The membrane micro reactor system for continuous liquid phase H2O2 direct synthesis was designed to reduce safety issues by separate dosing of the gaseous reactants via a membrane in
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19

Mateiu, Horia, Traian Fleşer, and Alin Constantin Murariu. "The Assessment of Remaining Life of Chemical Reactor Exposed to Creep and Fatigue." Key Engineering Materials 399 (October 2008): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.399.51.

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The paper presents an application according the reliability and remining life assessment of the reactor (coxing box) from a petrochemical plant, after failure in welding joint of plated shell from W1.5423 (16Mo5) steel with 25 mm thickness, plated with W1.4002 stainless steel with 3 mm thickness. The reactor failure it has associated with initial flaws from welding process, which have accelerated remaining life exhaustion. The assessment made in two steps. It has used VII section of ASME code specifications and iRiS-Thermo expert system for preliminary remaining life assessment. Concomitantly,
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20

Horváth, Ákos, Attila R. Imre, and György Jákli. "Investigation of Corrosion Resistance of Alloys with Potential Application in Supercritical Water-cooled Nuclear Reactors." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 63, no. 2 (2019): 328–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.12923.

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The Supercritical Water Cooled Reactor (SCWR) is one of the Generation IV reactor types, which has improved safety and economics, compared to the present fleet of pressurized water reactors. For nuclear applications, most of the traditional materials used for power plants are not applicable, therefore new types of materials have to be developed. For this purpose corrosion tests were designed and performed in a supercritical pressure autoclave in order to get data for the design of an in-pile high temperature and high-pressure corrosion loop. Here, we are presenting some results, related to cor
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21

Burkholder, Michael, Stanley Gilliland, Adam Luxon, Christina Tang, and B. Gupton. "Improving Productivity of Multiphase Flow Aerobic Oxidation Using a Tube-in-Tube Membrane Contactor." Catalysts 9, no. 1 (2019): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9010095.

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The application of flow reactors in multiphase catalytic reactions represents a promising approach for enhancing the efficiency of this important class of chemical reactions. We developed a simple approach to improve the reactor productivity of multiphase catalytic reactions performed using a flow chemistry unit with a packed bed reactor. Specifically, a tube-in-tube membrane contactor (sparger) integrated in-line with the flow reactor has been successfully applied to the aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde utilizing a heterogeneous palladium catalyst in the packed bed. We exam
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22

Mikuš, Vladimír, Martina Ridzoňová, and Pavol Steltenpohl. "Fuel additives production: ethyl-t-butyl ether, a case study." Acta Chimica Slovaca 6, no. 2 (2013): 211–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acs-2013-0034.

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Abstract The students frequenting the program Chemical Engineering at the Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology of the Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava are taught to be able to combine and develop their knowledge acquired in the area of chemical, energetic, environmental, and safety engineering. Prior to completing their study, they are obliged to develop a report regarding engineering, economic, and safety analysis of important chemical technology. This paper presents the most valuable outputs of the student’s Technology pro
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23

Gaydamaka, Sergey, Marina Gladchenko, Olga Maslova, Olga Senko, Alla Kornilova, and Igor’ Kornilov. "Application of the Hybrid Chemical-Biocatalytic Approach for Conversion of Nitrocellulose-Containing Sewage Sludge." Processes 11, no. 7 (2023): 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11072017.

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Waste containing explosive chemicals are hazardous to the environment. We suggested and implemented a hybrid approach for the destruction of nitrocellulose-containing sewage sludge (NCS) from a real chemical industrial complex. Combining chemical alkaline hydrolysis and mesophilic anaerobic digestion in a up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor allowed us to successfully achieve the balance between the environmental safety and economic efficiency of the stages of the treatment. After the alkaline treatment of waste at 50 °C with 1.5 M KOH, the solid residue contained mostly just sand a
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24

Bhuiyan, Md Shakhawat Hossen, Jintana Meesungnoen та Jean-Paul Jay-Gerin. "Radiolysis of Sub- and Supercritical Water Induced by 10B(n,α)7Li Recoil Nuclei at 300–500 °C and 25 MPa". Journal of Nuclear Engineering 6, № 2 (2025): 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/jne6020017.

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(1) Background: Generation IV supercritical water-cooled reactors (SCWRs), including small modular reactor (SCW-SMR) variants, are pivotal in nuclear technology. Operating at 300–500 °C and 25 MPa, these reactors require detailed understanding of radiation chemistry and transient species to optimize water chemistry, reduce corrosion, and enhance safety. Boron, widely used as a neutron absorber, plays a significant role in reactor performance and safety. This study focuses on the yields of radiolytic species in subcritical and supercritical water exposed to 4He and 7Li recoil ions from the 10B(
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25

Jurtz, Nico, Steffen Flaischlen, Sören C. Scherf, Matthias Kraume, and Gregor D. Wehinger. "Enhancing the Thermal Performance of Slender Packed Beds through Internal Heat Fins." Processes 8, no. 12 (2020): 1528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8121528.

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Slender packed beds are widely used in the chemical and process industry for heterogeneous catalytic reactions in tube-bundle reactors. Under safety and reaction engineering aspects, good radial heat transfer is of outstanding importance. However, because of local wall effects, the radial heat transport in the vicinity of the reactor wall is hindered. Particle-resolved computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to investigate the impact of internal heat fins on the near wall radial heat transport in slender packed beds filled with spherical particles. The simulation results are validated again
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26

Sheng, Yingxia, Qianjin Xiao, Hui Hu, Tianya Zhang, and Guofeng Guan. "Process Safety Assessment of the Entire Nitration Process of Benzotriazole Ketone." Processes 13, no. 7 (2025): 2201. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13072201.

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To ensure the inherent safety of fine chemical nitration processes, the nitration reaction of benzotriazole ketone was selected as the research object. The thermal decomposition and reaction characteristics of the nitration system were studied using a combination of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), reaction calorimetry (RC1), and accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC). The results showed that the nitration product released 455.77 kJ/kg of heat upon decomposition, significantly higher than the 306.86 kJ/kg of the original material, indicating increased thermal risk. Through process hazard
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27

DeSalvo, Riccardo. "The Micro Modular Reactors MMR®." EPJ Web of Conferences 310 (2024): 00011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202431000011.

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The Micro Modular Reactor (MMR) represents a new paradigm of Ultra Safe Nuclear power with intrinsic safety. The safety starts from its revolutionary ceramic fuel, that cannot melt and makes it impossible to release radioactive elements in the environment. The elimination of water as a heat transport fluid eliminates the possibility of chemical explosions. Uranium 238, that absorbs more neutrons at higher temperatures shuts down the chain reaction without damage even in case of coolant loss at full power. These characteristics make MMR ideal to provide heat process directly inside factories, t
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28

Andreev, D. V., I. A. Lukoyanov, and M. N. Timofeeva. "Microchannel reactor technologies for biodiesel production." Kataliz v promyshlennosti 25, no. 2 (2025): 3–17. https://doi.org/10.18412/1816-0387-2025-2-3-17.

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Recently, due to the depletion of hydrocarbon fuel reserves, considerable attention has been paid to the development of effective methods for the synthesis of biofuel and biodiesel fuel, including from renewable sources of raw materials. However, the high cost of biodiesel production requires the development of new technological approaches. This has led to the active development in chemistry and chemical technology of the use of microchannel technologies for the synthesis of biodiesel fuel. The use of microchannel (MC) reactors contributes to the intensification and safety of chemical processe
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29

Gijiu, Cristiana Luminita, Daniel Dinculescu, and Mara Crisan. "Anniversary Professor dr.ing. Gheorghe MARIA at 65 years old - teacher and scientist." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 4 (2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.4.8038.

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Prof. Dr. Ing. Gheorghe Maria from University Politehnica of Bucharest (UPBuc.), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering is a valuable scientist in Romania, being the successor and continuer of the Romanian school of (bio)chemical reactors and reaction engineering, but also the creator of novel courses in the (bio)chemical engineer curricula at UPBuc. His research interests include a wide range of classic but also modern border fields, namely (bio)chemical reactors, kinetic modelling, bioinformatics, chemical reactors risk analysis, modelling dynamics of cell metabolic processes, of
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30

Shan, Yilian, Jiye Sun, Xianglong Zhu, et al. "Fatigue Life Analysis of Cyclone Separator Group Structure in a Reactor Device." Materials 18, no. 6 (2025): 1214. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18061214.

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In the chlorination industry, the reactor is a crucial equipment in which the chlorination reaction takes place. However, when the reactor is subjected to complex conditions such as high temperatures (e.g., &gt;200 °C) and high pressures (e.g., &gt;10 MPa), its structural integrity is significantly compromised, leading to severe safety issues. In this study, the fatigue life of a reactor is analyzed, with particular focus on the fatigue behavior of the cyclone separator under varying working conditions, such as changes in the temperature, pressure, and chemical environment. Using finite elemen
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31

Simon, Levente L., Marina Introvigne, Ulrich Fischer, and Konrad Hungerbühler. "Batch reactor optimization under liquid swelling safety constraint." Chemical Engineering Science 63, no. 3 (2008): 770–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2007.08.076.

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Razzaq, Ghassan Hassan Abdul, Khaleel I. Hamad, and Jasim Ibrahim Humadi. "Silver Nanoparticles for Ultrasonic Assisted Synthesis of Oxidant Agents in Micro-Reactor: Kinetic Analysis and Process Intensification." Materials Science Forum 1083 (April 6, 2023): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-0brrx7.

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Chemical engineering frequently uses "process intensification" to consciously combine various phenomena or procedures. By treating the molecules in such a system in a way that every single molecule experiences the same processing, the selectivity is raised, enhancing productivity. For mass transfer limited reactions, the enhancement of the transport rates &amp; the specific interfacial area are the typical approaches. These enable the reduction of diffusion path length, reduce hold-up and improve the controlling on temperature control, even for highly exothermic reactions. Micro reactor techno
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33

Kiegiel, Katarzyna, Dagmara Chmielewska-Śmietanko, Irena Herdzik-Koniecko, et al. "The Future of Nuclear Energy: Key Chemical Aspects of Systems for Developing Generation III+, Generation IV, and Small Modular Reactors." Energies 18, no. 3 (2025): 622. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18030622.

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Nuclear power plants have the lowest life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions intensity and produce more electricity with less land use compared to any other low-carbon-emission-based energy source. There is growing global interest in Generation IV reactors and, at the same time, there is great interest in using small modular reactors. However, the development of new reactors introduces new engineering and chemical challenges critical to advancing nuclear energy safety, efficiency, and sustainability. For Generation III+ reactors, water chemistry control is essential to mitigate corrosion processes
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34

Ramezani, Leila, Masoud Mansouri, and Mohammad Rahgoshay. "Modeling the water side corrosion and hydrogen pickup of VVER 1000 fuel clad." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 33, no. 4 (2018): 334–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp180606013r.

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Zirconium alloys, are usually used as fuel cladding materials in VVER (water-cooled, water-moderated energy reactor) type reactors, mainly, due to their low neutron absorption cross-section, desirable mechanical properties, and good corrosion resistance under reactor operating conditions. During exposure to water at high temperature, water reacts with zirconium alloys, which results in the production of an oxide layer. The entire area of corrosion along with the accompanying absorption of hydrogen in the zirconium metal matrix has attracted a lot of attention when the performance of the core c
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Sharaevsky, І. G., Т. S. Vlasenko, L. B. Zimin, А. V. Nоsоvskyi, N. М. Fіаlkо, and G. І. Sharaevsky. "Current Physical Problems of the Dynamic Damage in Elements of the First Circuit of VVER Reactors." Nuclear Power and the Environment 24, no. 2 (2022): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31717/2311-8253.22.2.1.

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In the context of the actual problems of the physics of operational damage of modern reactor steels produced in the leading countries of the world (USA, Russia, Western Europe) and used for the manufacture of nuclear reactor vessels and other equipment of the first circuit of nuclear power plants, the characteristic features of possible dynamic damage in the responsible elements of this are considered. The mentioned problems are systematized from the standpoint of analyzing the effects of radiation embrittlement, as well as physical and chemical processes that, under certain conditions, are ca
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Wu, Yao-Chang, Bin Laiwang, and Chi-Min Shu. "Investigation of an Explosion at a Styrene Plant with Alkylation Reactor Feed Furnace." Applied Sciences 9, no. 3 (2019): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9030503.

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To prevent and mitigate chemical risks in the petrochemical industry, such as fires and spillage, process safety management (PSM), is essential, especially where flammable, corrosive, explosive, toxic, or otherwise dangerous chemicals are used. We investigated process safety (PS) between man–machine (material equipment) and environmental interfaces by using process hazard analysis (PHA) and fault tree analysis (FTA). By analyzing the data obtained through machinery and mechanical integrity (MI), pre-startup safety review (PSSR), current operating modes, and areal locations of hazardous atmosph
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37

Ao, Rui, Ruihua Lu, Guanghui Leng, Youran Zhu, Fuwu Yan, and Qinghua Yu. "A Review on Numerical Simulation of Hydrogen Production from Ammonia Decomposition." Energies 16, no. 2 (2023): 921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020921.

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Ammonia (NH3) is regarded as a promising medium of hydrogen storage, due to its large hydrogen storage density, decent performance on safety and moderate storage conditions. On the user side, NH3 is generally required to decompose into hydrogen for utilization in fuel cells, and therefore it is vital for the NH3-based hydrogen storage technology development to study NH3 decomposition processes and improve the decomposition efficiency. Numerical simulation has become a powerful tool for analyzing the NH3 decomposition processes since it can provide a revealing insight into the heat and mass tra
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38

Wishart, James F., Kazuhiro Iwamatsu, Bobby Layne, and Philip Halstenberg. "Reactivity of Metal Ions with Excess Electrons in Molten MgCl2-KCl Mixtures." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 55 (2022): 2056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02552056mtgabs.

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Molten salts are proposed as liquid fuels or coolants in a new fleet of molten salt nuclear reactors that would have operational and safety advantages over present reactor systems. Under those conditions, the salt will be exposed to high radiation levels, and understanding the chemical effects of radiolysis on the molten salt fuel or coolant is essential to reliable, efficient and sustainable reactor operation. Building this understanding begins with identifying primary salt radiolysis products and characterizing their reactivities, for which we perform high-temperature pulse radiolysis transi
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39

Labovský, Juraj, Zuzana Švandová, Jozef Markoš, and L’udovít Jelemenský. "Mathematical model of a chemical reactor—useful tool for its safety analysis and design." Chemical Engineering Science 62, no. 18-20 (2007): 4915–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2007.01.071.

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40

Chiappetta, G., G. Clarizia, and E. Drioli. "Analysis of safety aspects in a membrane reactor." Desalination 193, no. 1-3 (2006): 267–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2005.06.064.

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41

Reátegui-Romero, Warren, Fredy Castillejo-Melgarejo, and María E. King-Santos. "Industrial Manufacturing of Aqueous Solutions of Sodium Sulfhydrate (NaHS 43%) in a Multi-Phase Reactor." Open Chemical Engineering Journal 13, no. 1 (2019): 46–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874123101913010046.

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Background: This research deals with the manufacture of sodium sulphides and sodium sulfhydrate in an isothermal multiphase chemical reactor to produce concentrated aqueous solutions of sodium sulfhydrate (greater than 43%) through Gas-Liquid-Solid reactions from hydrogen sulfide and hydroxide of sodium at 50%. Methods: A method is proposed that integrates the recovery of hydrogen sulfide from an industrial chemical process where the H2S gas is generated as a sub product, the strategy of the developed process was integrated into a manufacturing plant of dithiophosphoric acids (ADTF) where it w
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42

Alhuzaymi, Thaqal M., Meshari M. ALQahtani, Thaar M. Aljuwaya, and Ayodeji B. Alajo. "MCNP and CFD Modeling for Potential High-Power Configuration of Missouri S&T Reactor." Processes 11, no. 4 (2023): 1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11041044.

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Utilization of nuclear research reactors is of high importance for education and training, research and development, and many other applications. However, less effective utilization encountered in research reactors is mainly due to limitations in power levels and related experimental facilities. Such limitations, however, have led different global owners of research reactors to consider upgrading the power levels of their reactors to accommodate the increase in utilization demands. To consider upgrading the power levels of research reactors without replacing major components, a pair of essenti
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43

Vashchenko, Volodymyr M., Volodymyr I. Skalozubov, Iryna B. Korduba, Serhiy I. Kosenko, and Olena H. Zhukova. "Criteria of thermochemical conditions of steam gas explosions in dynamic accident modes at nuclear power units with WWER reactors." Environmental safety and natural resources 44, no. 4 (2022): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2022.4.128-134.

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The main lessons of the major accident at the Fukushima-Daiichi NPP in 2011 for the nuclear power industry identify the need to model, analyze and develop emergency measures for relatively unlikely events with catastrophic environmental consequences, taking into account multiple failures of safety systems. Steam-gas explosions became one of the main causes of the catastrophic environmental consequences of the Chernobyl and Fukushima accidents. Criteria and conditions for the occurrence of steam-gas explosions in dynamic emergency modes in the "tight" reactor circuit of nuclear power reactor un
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44

Minteer, Shelley D. "Improving the Selectivity and Efficiency of Synthetic Organic Electrosynthesis." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 56 (2024): 2972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01562972mtgabs.

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Although electrochemistry is a current focus area in improving the sustainability and safety of chemical manufacturing, electrochemical techniques for synthesis rarely have sufficient selectivity and frequently have low faradaic, product, and energy efficiencies. This paper will discuss the use of biocatalytic systems to improve the selectivity of electrosynthesis followed by a discussion of materials, reactor, and technique strategies to improve the faradaic, product, and energy efficiencies in these systems. Examples will be shown that range from commodity chemical synthesis to fine chemical
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45

Shimada, Taro, Yuki Nishimura, and Seiji Takeda. "Sensitivity Analysis on Safety Functions of Engineered and Natural Barriers for Fuel Debris Disposal." MRS Advances 2, no. 12 (2017): 687–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.24.

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ABSTRACTA disposal measure for fuel debris generated at the accident in the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station has been studied so far. However, physical and chemical properties of the fuel debris located in reactor containment vessels have not yet been obtained. In order to investigate the safety function of barriers required for disposal of fuel debris, sensitivity analysis for radionuclide migration was carried out, considering with uncertainty of the properties. As a result, it is indicated that it was important for evaluation of fuel debris disposal to obtain the physical and chemica
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Chetouani, Yahya, Nordine Mouhab, Jean-Marie Cosmao, and Lionel Estel. "Dynamic model-based technique for detecting faults in a chemical reactor." Process Safety Progress 22, no. 3 (2003): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prs.680220308.

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Wishart, James F., Kazuhiro Iwamatsu, Bobby Layne, et al. "Radiation-Driven Reactivity of Metal Ions in Molten Salts." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 57 (2024): 3879. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02573879mtgabs.

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Molten salts are proposed as liquid fuels or coolants in a new fleet of molten salt nuclear reactors that would have operational and safety advantages over present reactor systems. Under those conditions, the salt will be exposed to high radiation levels, and understanding the chemical effects of radiolysis on the molten salt fuel or coolant is essential to reliable, efficient and sustainable reactor operation. Building this understanding begins with identifying primary salt radiolysis products (solvated electrons (esolv –) and Cl2 •–) and characterizing their reactivities, for which we conduc
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48

Semmache, B., S. Kallel, H. El Omari, M. Lemiti, and A. Laugier. "Dépôt chimique en phase vapeur et à basse pression de couches minces à base de silicium dans un réacteur à lampes halogène." Canadian Journal of Physics 77, no. 9 (2000): 737–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p99-035.

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Low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) in halogen lamp-heated reactor (RTLPCVD: rapid thermal LPCVD) is a promising technique for silicon-based thin films deposition. Indeed, overall process time and gas consumption reduction in RTP reactors allows to project new device fabrication technologies (microsensors, solar cells) in order to reach a higher environmental safety with respect to classical technologies.Various gases available on our RTP installation (SiH4, NH3, N2O, O2, PH3, B2H6) enable several silicon-based thin films RTLPCVD deposition: intrinsic polycrystalline silicon (poly-S
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Nikitenko, Evgeniy, Nikolay Romadov, and Mariya Pyshkina. "Determination of Radiation Exposure to Iodine-131 Emissions During Normal Operation of the Industrial Reactor Installation at Fsue “PO Mayak” Taking into Account Physical and Chemical Forms." ANRI, no. 4 (December 3, 2020): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37414/2075-1338-2020-103-4-46-54.

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The determination of the physicochemical forms of radioiodine in the gas-air environment of an industrial nuclear reactor is necessary to solve related problems – technological control and radiation safety. In the technological context, the results obtained make it possible to adequately assess the efficiency of purification of emissions of radioactive iodine isotopes, the choice of instruments and methods for controlling emissions. In the context of radiation safety, research results make it possible to correctly assess the radiation effects on the environment and humans, substantiation of em
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Dell’Armi, Edoardo, Marta Maria Rossi, Lucia Taverna, Marco Petrangeli Papini, and Marco Zeppilli. "Evaluation of the Bioelectrochemical Approach and Different Electron Donors for Biological Trichloroethylene Reductive Dechlorination." Toxics 10, no. 1 (2022): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10010037.

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Trichloroethylene (TCE) and more in general chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) can be removed from a contaminated matrix thanks to microorganisms able to perform the reductive dechlorination reaction (RD). Due to the lack of electron donors in the contaminated matrix, CAHs’ reductive dechlorination can be stimulated by fermentable organic substrates, which slowly release molecular hydrogen through their fermentation. In this paper, three different electron donors constituted by lactate, hydrogen, and a biocathode of a bioelectrochemical cell have been studied in TCE dechlorination batch
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