Teses / dissertações: "Coffey"

1

Cruz, Patricia Lane Goncalves da. "Brian Moore's "The Luck of Ginger Coffey": an experience of immigration from Ireland to Canada in the fifties". Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/ECAP-7DPGDX.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

This work analyzes the novel "The luck of Ginger Coffey" by the Irish-Canadian writer Brian Moore in order to investigate some aspects of the main characters` experience of immigration from Ireland to Canada in the fifties. The theoretical boundaries between the concepts of immigration and diaspora are discussed, with emphasis on the Irish experience. As some of the elements appointed by theoreticians as belonging to diasporas may also be regarded as occurring in immigration, the boundaries between them are questioned in this thesis. The immigrant settling in a foreign country can face prejudice and marginalization. I analyze how the main character Ginger Coffey is perceived as Other by people form different ethnicities. The othering process may be strengthened by the use of stereotyped images. The question of stereotyping and how a system of representation contributes to this process are also addressed. Furthermore, I discuss the Coffeys` adjustment to the Montreal of the fifties and the influence of the pos t-war social environment on immigrants` gender roles.
xx

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

2

Willittes, LeAnne M. "Dwelling in the Flame: An Architectural Response to Developing in Fire-prone Areas within the Wildland-urban Interface". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1554120505582884.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

3

Le, Linh M. "Consumer Acceptability of a Kombucha Coffee (Coffea) Prototypewith Traditional Coffee Characteristics". Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10604912.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Coffee and Kombucha tea are both beverages that have been consumed for many years, with a current increased momentum in consumption due to many correlations with beneficial health aspects. The objective of this study was to assess the consumer acceptability of a Kombucha Coffee which tastes more like traditional coffee. A Kombucha Coffee prototype “BubbLê”, was created and compared to a market Kombucha Coffee via a hedonics evaluation, food action rating scale (FACT), and a paired-comparison ranking test. Participants rated the market Kombucha Coffee significantly higher than “BubbLê” Kombucha Coffee in all sensory aspects for flavor (6.84 ± 1.82; 4.46 ± 2.48; p < 0.001), sweetness (7.11 ± 1.63; 4.65 ± 2.33; p < 0.001), tartness (6.27 ± 1.77; 4.72 ± 2.55; p < 0.001), aroma (6.30 ± 1.82; 5.55 ± 2.59; p = 0.018), mouthfeel (6.87 ± 1.62; 5.36 ± 2.64; p < 0.001), and overall likeability (6.90 ±1.76; 4.59 ± 2.43; p < 0.001) in the hedonics evaluation. The FACT test indicated that participants would more likely drink the market alternative compared to the prototype (5.42 ± 1.96; 3.62 ± 2.29; p < 0.001). The majority of participants (80%) chose the market Kombucha Coffee over the more traditional coffee flavored Kombucha Coffee prototype. It is noted that flavor scored the lowest in sensory evaluation for the prototype, therefore, reevaluation of flavor by means of adding coffee enhancing notes are needed for further development of a Kombucha Coffee with a more traditional coffee flavor profile.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

4

Wondollek, Mattias, e Jon Werkander. "Fairtrade coffe in Indonesia : Fairtrade coffee - improved living conditions for coffee farmers, or just a higher coffe price?" Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-122877.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

5

Coffey, Gregory Peter. "An examination of selected works for percussion: Prelúdio No. 1 Mi Menor (E Minor), op. 11 by Ney Rosauro, Prelúdio No. 2 la maior (a minor) by Ney Rosauro, Rotation IV by Eric Sammut, Water Falls for a Desert by Greg Coffey, Strands of Time by Brian Blume, Surface Tension by Dave Hollinden, bitsmoke by Casey Farina". Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13755.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Master of Music
Department of Music
Kurt Gartner
This is a report intended for musicians and scholars who seek to enhance their understanding of any number of the following compositions: Prelúdio No. 1 Mi Menor (E Minor), op. 11 by Ney Rosauro, Prelúdio No. 2 la maior (A minor) by Ney Rosauro, Rotation IV by Eric Sammut, Water Falls for a Desert by Greg Coffey, Strands of Time by Brian Blume, Surface Tension by Dave Hollinden, bitsmoke by Casey Farina. Each work has been analyzed examined in accordance with Jan LaRue’s Guidelines For Style Analysis. For some compositions including only relative-pitch instruments, analysis of harmony has been omitted. For all compositions, the author has added notable performance considerations, essential technical and interpretive considerations in accord with LaRue’s guidelines. Therefore, the approach taken in analytical categories of this document can be exhibited as Sound, Harmony, Melody, Rhythm, Growth, and Performance.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

6

Wetala, Maketso Patrick Elias. "Weed control in establishing coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre and Coffea arabica L.) in Uganda". Thesis, University of Reading, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363396.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

7

Benatti, Luciana Benjamim 1978. "Atributos bioquímicos e fisiológicos de AC1 : um cafeeiro naturalmente descafeinado". [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315471.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Orientador: Paulo Mazzafera
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T06:22:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Benatti_LucianaBenjamim_D.pdf: 2232263 bytes, checksum: f99e9792ce3a097423a6628b62ddb600 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: Em 2004, Silvarolla e colaboradores descobriram três plantas (AC1, AC2 e AC3) de Coffea arabica, provenientes da Etiópia, com baixa quantidade de cafeína nas sementes. Esta pequena concentração (0,76 mg/g) em AC1, quando comparada com grãos de C. arabica com cafeína (em torno de 12 mg/g), foi verificada ser de origem constitutiva da planta, sendo esta denominada como naturalmente descafeinada. Neste trabalho a planta de AC1 foi estudada, já que esta é a mais adequada para a transferência genética do traço "sem cafeína" para cultivares com alta produtividade. Ao analisar o desenvolvimento das sementes de AC1, foi observado que endospermas maduros da planta com baixas quantidades de cafeína perderam menos massa do que os de Mundo Novo (MN) e que estes, no final do desenvolvimento, eram maiores do que os de AC1. Entretanto, apesar deste fato, os conteúdos de aminoácidos, açúcares solúveis, ácidos orgânicos, ácidos clorogênicos e trigonelina foram similares nas sementes de frutos de MN e AC1. Foi constatado que em todos os estádios fenológicos as sementes de AC1 apresentaram baixas quantidades de cafeína. Além disso, foi observado que não só sementes e folhas apresentaram esta característica, mas também flores e internódios. Experimentos com o fornecimento de [2-14C] adenina e análises enzimáticas de teobromina sintase e cafeína sintase nas sementes de AC1 confirmaram que, assim como em folhas, a síntese de cafeína é bloqueada na metilação de teobromina a cafeína, acumulando altas taxas de teobromina. Experimentos de análise de expressão gênica indicaram que, apesar dos genes responsáveis pela síntese das três metiltransferases envolvidas na síntese de cafeína ser expressos nos endospermas de AC1, suas expressões são menores se comparadas com o controle MN, principalmente ao analisar a expressão do gene CCS1, que codifica para a cafeína sintase. Os compostos fenólicos apresentaram valores próximos ao longo de todo o desenvolvimento do endosperma, sendo que a quantidade equivalente encontrada nestes grãos parcialmente explica a atividade antioxidante similar encontrada nos grãos maduros de MN e AC1. Análises de proteínas de reserva em endospermas maduros foram similares em MN e AC1
Abstract: In 2004, Silvarolla and co-workers discovery three plants (AC1, AC2 and AC3) of Coffea arabica, originated from Ethiopia, with low amount of caffeine in the seeds. This low concentration (0,76 mg/g) was found to be constitutive plant origin, this being referred to as naturally decaffeinate. In this work only the seeds of AC1 were studied, since this plant has shown to be the most suitable for gene transfer trace "without caffeine" for cultivars with high productivity. By analyzing the development of the seed AC1, it was observed that the mature endosperm of the plant with low amounts of caffeine lost less weight than those of MN, and also at the end of development, they were greater than those of AC1. However, despite this fact, the contents of amino acids, organic acids, chlorogenic acids and trigonelline were similar to MN and AC1 seeds and fruits. Soluble sugars were also similar in most part of the development despite the sucrose in the endosperm AC1 cherry stage, having it's significantly less than the one found in the endosperm MN at the stage. It was found that in all growth stages seeds AC1 presented low amounts of caffeine. Furthermore, it was observed that not only seeds and leaves showed this characteristic, but also flowers and internodes. Experiments with the supply of [2-14C] adenine and enzymatic analyzes of theobromine synthase and caffeine synthase in AC1 seeds confirmed that as leaves, caffeine synthesis are blocked in the methylation of theobromine to caffeine, accumulating high levels of theobromine. Experiments of the gene's expression analysis indicated that, although the genes responsible for the synthesis of the three methyltransferases involved in caffeine synthesis are expressed in AC1 endosperm, presented minor expressions compared to the control MN, especially when analyzing the expression of the gene CCS1, which synthesizes caffeine synthase. Phenolic compounds had similar values throughout the development of the endosperm, the equivalent amount found in these grains partly explains the similar antioxidant activity found in the MN and AC1 mature grains. The reserve proteins assays of mature endosperms were also similar in both endosperms
Doutorado
Biologia Vegetal
Doutora em Biologia Vegetal

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

8

Pacheco, Bustos Alex Gustavo. "Allelochemical effects of aromatic species intercropped with coffee (Coffea arabica L.) in Puebla, Mexico". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=984679995.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

9

Siles, Gutierrez Pablo. "Hydrological processes (water use and balance) in a coffee (Coffea arabica L.) monoculture and a coffee plantation shaded by Inga densiflora in Costa Rica". Thesis, Nancy 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN10126/document.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

En zones marginales, les arbres d'ombrage augmentent la production de café arabica en améliorant le microclimat et la fertilité du sol. En zones optimales, ces effets sont plus controversés mais les systèmes agroforestiers (SAF) procurent toujours d'autres services tels que la lutte antiérosive ou la diversification des productions. Le présent travail compare en zone optimale du Costa Rica une monoculture (MC) et un SAF avec Inga densiflora Benth en termes de microclimat, productivité et bilan hydrique. Par rapport à MC, les arbres d'ombrage ont réduit la radiation globale de 40-50%, les températures maximales foliaires du caféier de 6°C en journée et le VPD foliaire, mais augmenté de nuit les minimales foliaires de 0,5°C. Selon l’année, les arbres ont augmenté l'interception de la pluie (12% à 85%) et la transpiration du système (29% à 33%) mais réduit le ruissellement de 50% et le drainage (1% à 14%). Le SAF a augmenté l'interception (13% de la pluie) par rapport à MC (7%) lorsque le LAI total augmentait de plus d'une unité. Les arbres ont réduit l'égouttement, augmenté l'écoulement le long des troncs et ont contribué pour 40-50% à la transpiration du SAF avec des caféiers transpirant moins qu'en MC. L’assèchement profond du sol sous SAF indique une certaine complémentarité avec les arbres utilisant vraisemblablement des ressources en eau non accessibles au caféier. Malgré l'absence de compétition en eau dans ces conditions de site, la production de café a été réduite de 29% en SAF par rapport à MC du fait d’une radiation et floraison réduites. Par contre, la production de biomasse a été multipliée par 3, contribuant au stockage du carbone et à la production d'énergie
Under suboptimal site condition for arabica coffee cultivation the shade trees increase the coffee production due to an enhancement of the microclimate and the soil fertility. Under optimal site conditions, the use of shade are more controversial, nevertheless the agroforestry systems (AFS) provide others services as the reduction of erosion and the diversification of production. The present study compare in optimal site conditions in Costa Rica a coffee monoculture (MC) and AFS with Inga densiflora Benth in terms of microclimate, productivity and water balance. In reference to MC, the shade trees reduced the global radiation between 40% to 50%, the maximal coffee leaf temperature to 6°C, the leaf to air VPD during the day and increased the leaf temperature in 0.5°C during night. According to the year of measurement, the trees increased the rainfall interception (12% to 85%) and the total system transpiration (29% to 33%), at the same time trees reduced the runoff (50%) and the drainage (1% to 14%). The trees reduced the throughfall, increased the stemflow and contributed 40% to 50% to the total transpiration of the AFS reducing the coffee transpiration in the AFS. Furthermore, higher reductions in the AFS compared to MC in soil water in deeper soil layers indicate a complementarity interaction in the use of water between coffee and trees. Despite the absence of water competition under these site conditions, the coffee yield was reduced by 29% in the AFS in comparison to the MC, due to a reduction in the radiation and flowering intensity. In other hand, the total aerial biomass was 3 times in the AFS compared to MC, contributing to carbon sequestration and renewable energy

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

10

Siles, Gutierrez Pablo Dreyer Erwin Vaast Philippe. "Hydrological processes (water use and balance) in a coffee (Coffea arabica L.) monoculture and a coffee plantation shaded by Inga densiflora in Costa Rica". S. l. : S. n, 2007. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2007_0126_SILES-GUTIERREZ.pdf.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

11

Mendes, Luciane Carneiro. "Estudos para determinação das melhores formulações de blends de cafe arabica (C. arabica) com cafe robusta (C. canephora Conilon) para uso no setor de cafes torrados e moido e de cafes expresso". [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254404.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Orientador: Hilary Castle de Menezes
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T00:35:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mendes_LucianeCarneiro_D.pdf: 2906438 bytes, checksum: ecefb4e80722a27e338165f61b693999 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal estudar diversas formulações de blends de café arábica com café robusta através de avaliação sensorial com consumidores, tanto para preparo em filtro de papel como para café espresso. Inicialmente, foi determinada a faixa de grau de torração mais adequada para cada café estudado, através de avaliação sensorial com experts e com equipe treinada para Análise Descritiva Quantitativa. Os resultados apontaram uma torração média como a que apresentava maior intensidade de aroma e sabor característicos de café sem a percepção do sabor queimado, caracterizada pela perda de peso de 15 a 16% e pela da luminosidade do grão (L*) entre 37 e 38. A etapa fundamental do trabalho se deu em seguida com a avaliação dos blends (de 10 a 50% de robusta, cereja descascado) mais uma amostra de arábica 100%, preparados em filtro de papel e tipo espresso, através de Teste de Aceitação com consumidores diários de café. Os resultados para ambos os preparos mostraram não haver diferença significativa (ao nível de 5%) na apreciação das amostras por parte dos consumidores. Os resultados do teste sensorial foram complementados por avaliações químicas. Utilizando-se de técnicas de Comatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC), foram analisados os teores de ácidos clorogênicos, ácidos carboxílicos e açúcares dos cafés arábica e robusta (processado via seca ¿ RS, e cereja descascado - RCD), bem como de alguns blends (arábica 80% e robusta CD 20%; arábica 60% e robusta CD 40%). Foram determinados os teores desses componentes nos cafés verdes, após torração e nas bebidas (filtrada e espresso). Os resultados apontaram diferenças entre o café arábica e os robustas para diversos compostos, especialmente no café verde, havendo também algumas diferenças entre os robustas RCD e RS. Os teores dos componentes encontrados nos blends apresentaram comportamento coerente se comparados os resultados com o café arábica e o robusta RCD 100%. Com a torração as diferenças tenderam a diminuir tornando-se ainda menores com a extração da bebida, seja ela em filtro de papel ou tipo espresso. Para finalizar, foi observado o perfil de voláteis das amostras citadas no parágrafo anterior, exceto para o café verde, usando técnica de isolamento do headspace retido em polímero poroso e analisado por Cromatografia Gasosa (CG). Os resultados mostraram diferenças consideráveis nos perfis encontrados para o café arábica e os cafés robusta especialmente nas bebidas. No entanto, pouca diferença foi notada entre os blends e o café arábica. No geral, embora haja considerável diferença entre o café arábica e o café robusta, quando este é adicionado ao café arábica, até proporções de 50% (como mostrado na avaliação sensorial) pouca diferença se nota, tanto química quanto em relação à aceitação sensorial do produto final. Este resultado mostra a viabilidade do uso do café robusta para ambos os preparos de bebidas, em oposição ao preconceito que existe por parte de alguns setores do agronegócio café
Abstract: The main objective of this thesis was to study various blends of arabica and robusta coffees, prepared both by filtration and the espresso technique, by carrying out sensory evaluations with consumers. Initially, for each coffee studied, the most adequate degree of roast was determined using a sensory evaluation by experts and by a panel trained for Quantitative Descriptive Analysis. The results indicated a medium roast as being that presenting greater intensity of characteristic coffee aroma and flavour with no perception of a burnt flavour, characterised by a loss of mass from 15 to 16% and by a bean luminosity (L*) between 37 and 38. The fundamental stage of the work followed with the evaluation of the blends (from 10 to 50% semi-dry processed robusta) plus a 100% arabica sample, prepared both by filtration and by the espresso technique, using an acceptance test with daily coffee consumers. The results for both types of preparation showed no significant difference (at the 5% significance level) in the appreciation of the samples by the consumers. The results of the sensory test were complemented by chemical evaluations. The chlorogenic acid, carboxylic acid and sugar contents of the arabica and robusta (dry processed ¿ RS, semi-dry processed ¿ RCD) coffees, and of some blends (80% arabica + 20% RCD robusta; 60% arabica + 40% RCD robusta) were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The contents of these components were determined in the raw coffees, after roasting and in the brews (filtered and espresso). The results showed differences between the arabica and robusta coffees for various components, especially in the raw coffees, some differences between the RCD and RS robustas also being found. The values found in the blends were coherent considering the values found for the 100% robusta RCD and arabica samples. The differences tended to decrease with roasting and were even smaller in the brews, be the samples prepared by filtration or the espresso technique. To finalise the work, the volatile profiles of the samples cited in the previous paragraph, with the exception of the raw samples, were observed, using a technique of isolation from the headspace by retention in a porous polymer and analysis by gas chromatography (GC). The results showed considerable differences between the profiles of the arabica and robusta coffees, especially in the brews, but little difference was noted between the blends and the arabica coffee. In general, despite considerable differences between the arabica coffee and the robusta coffee, when the latter is added to the former up to 50% (as shown in the sensory evaluation), little difference is detected, either chemically or by the sensory acceptance of the final product. These results show the viability of using robusta coffee in both types of brew preparation, contrary to the prejudiced idea existing in some parts of coffee agro-business
Doutorado
Doutor em Tecnologia de Alimentos

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

12

Parada, André Luís Duarte. "Caracterização da resistência a Colletotrichum kahawae em Coffea spp". Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4051.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
Coffee is one of the most valuable agricultural products in world trade being crucial to the economies of many developing countries. However its production is constrained by a number of major diseases, including Coffee Berry Disease (CBD) caused by Colletotrichum kahawae Waller & Bridge. Currently CBD is limited to Africa, constituting a serious threat to other coffee growing countries in other continents. This disease is responsible for up to 80% of crop losses, if no control measures are applied. The most widely used method to control this disease involves the application of fungicides. However some institutions in some coffee growing countries are developing breeding programs for the creation of resistant varieties to this pathogen. In this work resistance of different tetraploid interspecific coffee hybrids were characterized by pre-screening tests and several genotypes with different levels of resistance to some C. kahawae isolates were selected. Additional observations were made in hypocotyls inoculated with different isolates of C. kahawae allowed the characterization of dilatory resistance in coffee genotypes classified as susceptible. Histological studies were also made in hypocotyls with the aim of evaluating their behaviour compared with other known genotypes.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

13

Piccino, Sébastien. "Rôle des constituants chimiques du café vert, du terroir et des traitements post-récolte sur la qualité aromatique du "Bourbon Pointu"". Thesis, La Réunion, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LARE0021.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Cette thèse est consacrée à l’étude du café « Bourbon Pointu », Coffea arabica var. laurina, né d'une mutation spontanée de la variété Bourbon à l’île de La Réunion. Les teneurs moyennes des composés majoritaires non volatils du café vert sont (pourcentage de matière sèche) les suivantes : saccharose (7,1), trigonelline (1,3), caféine (0,75), acide caféoyl-5- quinique (4,7), acide palmitique (5,0), acide linoléique (6,5). L’analyse sensorielle a permis de mettre au point un profil de torréfaction original de courte durée. Parmi les 145 composés volatils extraits des poudres de café torréfié par SPME, cinq sont majoritaires (teneurs moyennes en ppm): acide acétique (34), 2-furaneméthanol (117), 5-méthyl-2-furfural (166), furfural (144), 2-méthylpyrazine (47). Ces cinq composés volatils extraits par SPE se retrouvent dans le café en tasse : acide acétique (23), 2-furaneméthanol (405), 5-méthyl-2-furfural (36), furfural (85), 2-méthylpyrazine (73) avec en plus, la -butyrolactone (97). Le ratio entre la concentration de la molécule et son seuil de perception définit l’Odor Activity Value (OAV). La conversion des concentrations des composés volatils en unités OAV a permis de dégager neuf molécules ayant un impact olfactif important : 2-furfurylthiol (café torréfié), 2-méthylpropanal (chocolat), dodécanal (agrume), 2-éthylhexan-1-ol (agrume), -pinène (boisé, agrume), furfural (boisé, caramel), 2-hydroxy-3-méthylcyclopent-2-én-1-one (érable), hex-2-énal (pomme verte), 2-méthylbut-2-énal (fruité, vert). La détermination de ces OAV a permis de différencier les trois catégories commerciales au niveau olfactif avec la prédominance d’aldéhydes pour les « Grand cru », le phénylacétaldéhyde pour les « Sublime », et les pyrazines pour les « Authentique ». Les conditions géoclimatiques et les transformations post-récoltes influencent de façon non négligeable la composition chimique du café vert et donc les arômes générés lors de la torréfaction et en conséquence, la répartition des cafés dans les trois catégories. L’ensemble de ces résultats fait du «Bourbon Pointu», un café haut de gamme classé parmi les «cafés gourmets»
This thesis is devoted to the study of “Bourbon Pointu” coffee, Coffea arabica var. laurina, born from a spontaneous mutation of the Bourbon variety in Reunion Island. The mean contents of non-volatile main compounds of green coffee are (percentage of dry matter): sucrose (7.1), trigonellin (1.3), caffeine (0.75), cafeoyl-5-quinic acid (1.7), palmitic acid (5.0), linoleic acid (6.5). Sensory analysis allowed to develop an original short time roasting profile. Among the 145 volatiles compounds extracted from roasted coffee powders by SPME, the mean contents of the five major components (ppm) are: acetic acid (34), 2-furanmethanol (117), 5-methyl-2-furfural (166), furfural (144), 2 methylpyrazine (47). These five volatile compounds extracted by SPE are found in the brew coffee: acetic acid (23), 2-furanmethanol (405), 5-methyl-2-furfural (36), furfural (85), 2- methylpyrazine (73) plus -butyrolactone (97). The ratio of molecule content to its perception threshold defines the “Odor Activity Value” (OAV). The conversion of the contents of volatile compounds in units OAV emphasized nine molecules with an important olfactory impact: 2-furfurylthiol (roasted coffee), 2-methylpropanal (chocolate), dodecanal (citrus), 2-ethylhexan-1-ol (citrus),-pinene (woody, citrus), furfural (woody, caramel), 2-hydroxy-3-methylcyclopent-2-en-1-one (maple), hex-2-enal (green apple), 2-methylbut-2- enal (fruity, green). The determination of these OAV differentiated the three commercial categories related to their typical odor due to the predominance of aldehydes for the "Grand cru", phenylacetaldehyde for "Sublime" and pyrazines for "Authentic". Geoclimatic conditions and post-harvest processing have a significant influence on the green coffee composition, on the flavors generated during roasting and thus, on the coffee distribution in the three categories. All these results define the "Bourbon Pointu" as a premium coffee and classify it as a "specialty coffee."

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

14

Pinheiro, Hugo Alves. "Physiological and morphological adaptations as associated with drought tolerance in robusta coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre var. kouillou)". Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2004. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/10031.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2017-04-10T16:42:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 200775 bytes, checksum: 0663c9ad48e1123c764746a1f7d8e744 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-10T16:42:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 200775 bytes, checksum: 0663c9ad48e1123c764746a1f7d8e744 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-02-19
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Clones de Coffea canephora Pierre var. kouillou com tolerância diferencial à seca vêm sendo selecionados com base em diferenças de produtividade, em condições de déficit hídrico. Porém, pouco se sabe sobre os mecanismos fisiológicos determinantes de tal tolerância. Objetivou-se, assim, examinar características morfológicas, as respostas estomáticas ao déficit hídrico do solo e da atmosfera, as relações hídricas, a eficiência do uso da água (E A ) e, também, examinar uma possível relação entre tolerância à seca e proteção contra o estresse oxidativo. Para isso, quatro clones (46 e 109A, sensíveis; 14 e 120, tolerantes à seca) foram cultivados em casa de vegetação, em vasos de 120 L, durante oito meses. O déficit hídrico foi imposto via suspensão da irrigação, até que o potencial hídrico na antemanhã (Ψ am ) atingisse –3,0 MPa. Os clones 109A e 120, sob irrigação, apresentaram maior condutância hidráulica entre a raiz e a parte aérea (K L ), maior potencial hídrico ao meio-dia e maior acúmulo de biomassa. Após 14 dias de suspensão da irrigação, Ψ am foi significativamente mais negativo no clone 109A que nos outros clones; sete dias após, Ψ am decresceu para –2,3 MPa nos clones sensíveis à seca, contra –0,8 MPa e –1,7 MPa nos clones 14 e 120, respectivamente. O clone 109A foi o primeiro a atingir –3,0 MPa na antemanhã, seguido pelo clone 46, clone 120 e, por fim, pelo clone 14. Não foi observado ajustamento elástico em nenhum dos clones, enquanto um ajuste osmótico de pequena magnitude foi limitado ao clone 109A, sob condições de seca. A condutância estomática (g s ) foi reduzida fortemente em resposta aos decréscimos em Ψ am e, em menor extensão, aos incrementos no déficit de pressão de vapor entre folha e atmosfera. A sensibilidade estomática à seca, tanto do solo quanto da atmosfera, foi menor no clone 109A e similar entre os demais clones. A composição isotópica do carbono (δ 13 C) aumentou significativamente, sob seca, em todos os clones, sugerindo incrementos em E A ; o clone 109A, entretanto, apresentou valores mais negativos de δ 13 C, independentemente do regime de irrigação. A profundidade do sistema radicular foi substancialmente maior nos clones tolerantes que nos sensíveis à seca. Isso pode explicar, pelo menos em parte, a manutenção de um status hídrico mais favorável nos clones tolerantes. O maior valor médio de K L no clone 120, sob seca, poderia explicar as diferenças de status hídrico entre ele e o clone 14. Em todos os clones, g s , K L e o potencial hídrico recuperaram-se rapidamente após a re-irrigação das plantas sob déficit hídrico; isso, aliado à forte sensibilidade estomática à seca, pode estar associado à resposta notável dessa espécie à irrigação. Independentemente do clone estudado, a seca pouco ou nada afetou o transporte de elétrons, a eficiência fotoquímica do fotossistema II e os coeficientes de extinção fotoquímico e não-fotoquímico. Comparativamente, o clone 120 apresentou maior tolerância de seu aparelho fotossintético ao estresse oxidativo mediado pela seca ou por ação do paraquat, com poucas diferenças observadas entre os demais clones nesse contexto. Sob seca, observaram-se incrementos significativos nas atividades da dismutase do superóxido (clones 109A e 120), peroxidase do ascorbato (clones 14, 46 e 109A), catalase e peroxidase do guaiacol (clones 46 e 109A), e redutase da glutationa (clone 46). As atividades da redutase do monodesidroascorbato e da redutase do desidroascorbato não foram afetadas pelos tratamentos aplicados; as atividades dessas enzimas foram substancialmente menores que a da peroxidase do ascorbato. O déficit hídrico acarretou danos oxidativos apenas no clone 109A. De modo geral, os clones avaliados foram capazes de manter, ou mesmo de aumentar, a atividade de seus sistemas de defesa contra danos oxidativos, mesmo a potenciais hídricos da ordem de –3,5 MPa. Em suma, a combinação de mecanismos que efetivamente restringem a perda d’água, associada a sistemas radiculares profundos, deve ser decisiva para a sobrevivência e, ou, relativa estabilidade da produção dos clones de C. canephora tolerantes à seca, quando cultivados em ambientes sujeitos a secas prolongadas. Atributos como ajustes osmótico e elástico e proteção contra danos oxidativos mediados pela seca teriam uma importância secundária na determinação da tolerância à deficiência hídrica nessa espécie.
Clones of Coffea canephora Pierre var. kouillou with contrasting tolerance to drought stress have been chosen on the basis of their productivities under rainfed conditions. As little is known about physiological mechanisms associated with differences in drought tolerance in those clones, this work aimed to examine morphological traits, stomatal responses to both soil and atmosphere drought, water relations, water-use efficiency (WUE) and, in addition, whether drought tolerance in C. canephora may be linked to protection against oxidative damage. For these purposes, four clones of C. canephora representing drought-tolerant (14 and 120) and drought-sensitive (46 and 109A) genotypes were grown under screen house conditions, in 120 L pots, during eight months. Drought stress was imposed by withholding irrigation until leaf water potential at predawn ( Ψ pd ) reached about –3.0 MPa. Under full irrigation, soil-to-leaf hydraulic conductance (K L ), midday leaf water potential and total biomass were all greater in clones 109A and 120 than in the other clones. After 14 days without irrigation, Ψ pd decreased significantly in clone 109A in comparison with the other clones; seven days latter, Ψ pd dropped to about –2.3 MPa in clones 46 and 109A, against –0.8 MPa in clone 14 and –1.7 MPa in clone 120. Clone 109A attained –3.0 MPa at predawn earlier, followed by clone 46, clone 120, and then clone 14, in this order. Under drought stress, there was no elastic adjustment, while a slight osmotic adjustment was only noted in the clone 109A. Stomatal conductance (g s ) was strongly decreased with decreasing Ψ pd ; it declined modestly with increasing leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficit. Stomatal sensitivity to both soil and atmospheric drought was lower in clone 109A and similar among the other clones. Drought stress led to a significant increase in carbon isotope composition (δ 13 C) for all clones, suggesting an increased WUE; however, absolute values of δ 13 C were lower in clone 109A than in the other clones irrespective of the irrigation treatments. Clones 14 and 120 exhibited deeper root systems than drought-sensitive clones. This at least partially explain their better avoidance to drought as compared with the sensitive clones. On average, the larger K L in clone 120 than in clone 14 might largely explain why the latter was better able to postpone dehydration. For all clones, water potential, g s and K L recovered rapidly following re-watering; these facts, associated with the remarkable stomatal sensitivity to drought, should explain greatly why C. canephora responds strongly to irrigation. Independently of the clone examined, little or no effect of drought on the quantum yield of electron transport, photosystem II photochemical efficiency and photochemical and non-photochemical quenching coefficients was observed. Comparatively, the clone 120 showed a more tolerant photosynthetic apparatus to both drought and paraquat-induced oxidative stress, with no clear distinction among the other clones in this regard. Drought triggered increases in superoxide dismutase (clones 109A and 120), ascorbate peroxidase (clones 14, 46 and 109A), catalase and guaiacol peroxidase (clones 46 and 109A), and glutathione reductase (clone 46). Monodehydroascorbate reductase and dehydroascorbate reductase were not induced in drought-stressed plants; their maximal activities were much lower than that of ascorbate peroxidase, irrespective of the clone investigated. Oxidative damage, however, appeared to be evident only in clone 109A. In general, the clones herein investigated were able to preserve, or even to increase, their antioxidant defences at water potentials as low as –3.5 MPa. The combination of mechanisms that effectively postpone dehydration, associated with deep root systems, should contribute to survival and/or stability of crop yield of drought-tolerant clones in regions with unpredictable precipitation. Attributes such as osmotic and elastic adjustments and protection against oxidative damage induced by drought should be of minor importance to drought tolerance in this specie.
Tese importada do Alexandria

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

15

Diniz, Inês Isabel Plácido dos Santos. "An innovative integrated approach to characterize coffee resistance mechanisms to Colletotrichum kahawae". Doctoral thesis, ISA, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/15829.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Doutoramento em Engenharia Agronómica - Instituto Superior de Agronomia - UL
Coffee berry disease, caused by the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum kahawae, is a major constraint to Arabica coffee production in Africa. Coffee variety Catimor 88, which exhibit field resistance in Kenya, was selected to characterize the resistance to C. kahawae, comparatively to the susceptible variety Caturra. Hypocotyls of both varieties were challenged with C. kahawae (isolate Que2 from Kenya) and samples were collected during infection timecourse, simultaneously for analysis of fungal growth and plant responses (light microscopy), evaluation of enzymatic activities (spectrophotometry, electrophoresis, histochemistry) and gene expression analysis (quantitative real-time PCR). The resistance was characterized by restricted fungal growth associated with the hypersensitive reaction and early accumulation of phenolic-like compounds in the cell walls and cytoplasmic contents. Similar responses were detected in the susceptible variety but in a significantly lower percentage of infection sites. Regarding the genes related to the salicylic acid, jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET) pathways (phytohormones biosynthesis, reception, and responsiverelated genes), this study suggests the involvement of JA in the resistance while ET seems to be more related with the susceptibility. The expression of genes related to recognition and signaling (RLK, LRR-K, CML, PTL) and cell wall modification genes (PME41, MUR4) was induced in both coffee varieties, at early stages of the infection. However, in the resistant variety, a higher expression of recognition and signaling genes was induced together with the PME41 gene during fungal penetration, and the induction of expression of the Lignin-forming anionic peroxidase-like gene (PER4) was supported by the increase of total peroxidase activity and of an anionic isoform. Peroxidase was localized in the walls and cytoplasmic contents of host cells, at the infection sites. The new data obtained enable to identify potential biomarkers of disease resistance that, once validated, will be useful for marker-assisted selection in coffee breeding programmes
N/A

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

16

Harding, Paul Ernest. "A comparison of the nitrogen requirements of two coffee (Coffea aribica L.) management systems in Papua New Guinea". Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385179.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

17

Aga, Esayas. "Molecular genetic diversity study of forest coffee tree (Coffea arabica L.) populations in Ethiopia : implications for conservation and breeding /". Alnarp : Dept. of Crop Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/200579.pdf.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

18

Muleta, Diriba. "Microbial inputs in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) production systems, southwestern Ethiopia : implications for promotion of biofertilizers and biocontrol agents /". Uppsala : Dept. of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/2007117.pdf.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

19

Cabanêz, Paula Alvarez. "Alterações químicas no solo e na água de drenagem decorrentes da aplicação da água residuária do processamento dos frutos do cafeeiro". Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2010. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/6556.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:37:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paula Alvarez Cabanez.pdf: 231732 bytes, checksum: 6e2450f53b32469200cf60207690e947 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-31
A reutilização de resíduos culturais na agricultura é uma alternativa promissora, que permite suster o agroambiente proporcionando melhorias ao sistema solo-planta. Nesse sentido, a água residuária oriunda do processamento dos frutos do café (ARC) pode ser utilizada na agricultura como fertilizante natural, respeitando a concentração dos nutrientes nela contidos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo utilizar dois solos como meio de tratamento da ARC, possibilitando a remoção de material orgânico e inorgânico presentes nesses efluentes. Para isso, fez-se ensaio de colunas de solos, sendo aplicados a eles a ARC. A ARC foi coletada no período de julho e agosto e as amostras de solos foram retiradas em profundidade de 0 a 40 cm, em dois solos classificados como Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo, apresentando texturas diferentes, sendo o solo um de textura média e o solo dois de textura arenosa. Foram coletadas amostras do lixiviado da ARC e foram feitas determinações de pH, condutividade elétrica (CE), demanda química de oxigênio (DQO), P, Ca, Mg e K. Após a percolação da ARC em colunas de solos, as mesmas foram encaminhadas ao laboratório a fim de proceder as determinações de P, K, Ca, Mg, pH, matéria orgânica do solo (MOS), soma de bases, capacidade de troca de cátions (CTC) em pH 7, CTC efetiva e índice de saturação em bases. Foi possível concluir que a ARC contribuiu para a alteração das concentrações de pH e Mg, aumento da CTC em pH 7 e da concentração de K, diminuição do índice de saturação em bases e da concentração de Ca, sendo que as concentrações de P, MOS, CTC efetiva e soma de bases não foram significativamente alteradas pela adição da ARC. Para o solo de textura arenosa, a ARC contribuiu para a alteração do pH e da concentração de K, diminuição da concentração de Ca, MOS, soma de bases e índice de saturação em bases, aumento da CTC em pH 7, sendo que as concentrações de P, Mg e CTC efetiva não foram alteradas significativamente pela adição da ARC. Com relação às águas de drenagem decorrentes da aplicação da ARC em colunas de solo de textura média, pode-se concluir que houve aumento do pH, CE e da concentração de Ca, diminuição da DQO, da concentração de Mg e P, sendo que a concentração de K não foi significativamente alterada. Quanto às águas do lixiviado da ARC nas colunas de solo de textura arenosa, pode-se inferir que houve aumento do pH, da concentração de Ca e Mg, diminuição da CE, DQO e em alguns momentos da concentração de P, sendo que a concentração de K não foi significativamente alterada
Reuse of crop residues in agriculture is a promising alternative, which allows sustain agroenvironment providing improvements to the soil-plant system. This sense, the wastewater coming from the processing of coffee fruits (ARC) can be used as natural fertilizer in agriculture, respecting the concentration of nutrients it contains. This study had as objective use two soils as a means of treatment of ARC, allowing the removal of organic and inorganic material present in these effluents. For this, made to test soil columns, being applied to them the ARC. The ARC was collected during july and august and soil samples were removed in depth from 0 to 40 cm in two soils classified as Yellow Red Latosol, with different textures, being one soil of medium texture and two soil of arenaceous texture. Samples were collected from the leachate of the ARC and were made the measurements of pH, electrical conductivity (EC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), P, Ca, Mg and K. After percolation of the ARC in soil columns, they were directed to the laboratory to proceed the determinations of P, K, Ca, Mg, pH, soil organic matter (SOM), total bases, cation exchange capacity (CEC) at pH 7, effective CEC and base saturation index. It was concluded that the ARC contributed to the change in the levels of pH and Mg, CEC at pH 7 and concentration of K, reduced the base saturation index and Ca concentration, and the concentration of P, SOM, effective CEC and total bases was not significantly altered by the addition of the ARC. For arenaceous soil, the ARC has contributed to the change of pH and concentration of K, reduction in the Ca concentration, SOM, total of bases and base saturation index, increased CEC at pH 7, and the concentrations P, Mg and effective CEC were not significantly altered by the addition of the ARC. With respect the drainage water from the application of ARC in columns of the medium textured soil can conclude that increasing pH, EC and Ca concentration, reduced the COD, the concentration of Mg and P, and the concentration of K was not significantly changed. As the waters of the leachate from the ARC in the columns of arenaceous soil can bein ferred that there was an increase of pH, Ca and Mg concentration, reduced of the EC, COD and at times the P concentration, and the concentration of K was not significantly altered

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

20

Bezabeh, Tesfay Gidey. "Using yield-SAFE model to assess climate change impact on yield of coffee (Coffea arabica) under agroforestry and monoculture systems". Master's thesis, ISA-UL, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13004.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Mestrado Mediterranean Forestry and Natural Resources Management (MEDFOR) - Instituto Superior de Agronomia - UL
Ethiopia economy strongly depends on coffee (Coffea arabica L.) production. Coffee, like many other agricultural crops, is sensitive to climate change. Future changes in climate will have a negative impact on coffee yield and quality. Studies have called for an urgent development of coffee’s adaptation strategies against climate change and agroforestry systems have received attention as an adaptation and mitigation strategy for coffee production under future climate. This study contributes to the assessment of coffee production in 1) monoculture and in 2) agroforestry systems, under different climate scenarios, in four different regions, providing insights for preliminary recommendations for coffee growers and policy makers. The Yield-SAFE processbased model was used to predict yield of coffee in monoculture and under agroforestry systems for forty years of current and future climate (Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 - HadCM2 model). In monoculture system, coffee yield was estimated to decrease between 4-38 % and 16-58 % in RCP 4.5 and 8.5, respectively from its current yield of 1000-1600 kg ha-1 yr-1. However, in agroforestry system the decrease was between 4-13 % and 13-25 % in RCP 4.5 and 8.5, respectively from its current yield of 1200-2200 kg ha-1 yr-1, showing that agroforestry systems have a higher resilience when facing future climate change.
N/A

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

21

Melo, Augusto Cezar de Paula e. [UNESP]. "Utilização de água residuária do processo pós-colheita do café na produção de mudas de cafeeiro". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93769.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-11-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:14:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 melo_acp_me_botfca.pdf: 437778 bytes, checksum: 2372225da8d6329e86e606d6cdcf5979 (MD5)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Com o intuito de alcançar maiores produtividades de café, cafeicultores começaram, a partir da década de 80, a fazer uso do processamento pós-colheita de café, a fim de garantirem uma qualidade superior de seu produto. Porém, com o processamento, houve o surgimento de outro problema a água residuária de café (ARC) que passou a contaminar rios, ribeirões, solos, lençol freático, etc. Este trabalho teve como objetivo utilizar a ARC na produção de mudas de café verificando sua viabilidade e a capacidade de a ARC em suprir as necessidades das mudas com relação ao potássio, quando estas não recebem cloreto de potássio no solo utilizado. O trabalho foi desenvolvido na Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas – UNESP, Botucatu – SP em uma casa de vegetação localizada no Departamento de Engenharia Rural, consistiu de 10 tratamentos em um fatorial 5x2 (5 proporções de água residuária de processamento pós-colheita do café – 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% e 100% - e presença ou ausência de cloreto de potássio no solo utilizadoo), com 4 repetições dispostos em delineamento inteiramente casualizados. A ARC foi aplicada a cada 48 horas com uma lâmina de 10 mm. Após 6 meses, foram avaliadas características vegetativas das plantas e características químicas do solo e das plantas. Constatou-se que os tratamentos com a presença de cloreto de potássio foram estatisticamente inferiores aos tratamentos que não apresentavam KCl em seu solo quanto às características vegetativas. Com o aumento das proporções de água residuária, houve um decréscimo nas características vegetativas, porém um acréscimo nas características químicas do solo. Além disso, os tratamentos sem a presença de KCl e com 0% e 25% de água residuária de café foram estatisticamente iguais, mostrando a viabilidade no uso da ARC na produção...
Intending to achieve better results on coffee production, the coffee producers began, since the 80s to process the coffee post harvest, in order to ensure product´s superior quality. But, with the processing, other problem appeared, the coffee wastewater (ARC – água residuária de café), which start the contamination of rivers, creeks, soil, water tables etc. This paper had as main objective to use the ARC on the coffee plants´ production verifying its viability and to verify if the ARC is able to supply the coffee needs relating to potassium when these don’t receive potassium chloride in the composition. The work was developed at Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas – UNESP, Botucatu – SP in a greenhouse located at Departamento de Engenharia Rural. The work consisted of 10 treatments on a 5x2 factorial (5 wastewater proportions of coffee after the harvest processing - 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% – and potassium chloride presence or absence in the soil), with 4 repetitions made in delineation entirely design. The ARC was applied each 48 hours with a blade of 10 mm. After 6 months, the plants vegetative characteristic had been evaluated as well the chemical characteristics of the soil and of the plants. We observed that the treatments with potassium chloride presence had been statistically inferior to the treatments which did not present KCl in its soil related the vegetative characteristics. Moreover, with the increase of the wastewater proportions, it happened a decrease in the vegetative characteristics, however an addition in the chemical characteristics of the soil. Also, the treatments without KCl presence and with 0% and 25% of coffee wastewater had been statistically equal, showing the viability in the use of the ARC in the production of coffee plants, since the soil does not contain KCl and that the water used in the soil was a mixture of 25% of ARC with 75% of common water.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

22

Poerner, Rodrigues Naira 1985. "Café = compostos bioativos e capacidade desativadora de espécies reativas de oxigênio e de nitrogênio in vitro = Coffee: bioactive compounds and in vitro scavenging capacity against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species". [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255280.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Orientador: Neura Bragagnolo
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T05:34:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PoernerRodrigues_Naira_D.pdf: 3009501 bytes, checksum: e0fe161d03b5c7a411b7253878ad1fc2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: No presente estudo foi avaliado o perfil qualitativo e quantitativo de compostos bioativos por HPLC-DAD-MSn e a capacidade antioxidante de bebidas de café e de sementes de café cru de diferentes genótipos frente às principais espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO) e de nitrogênio (ERN) de relevância biológica. As bebidas de café foram preparadas com café torrado e moído (7 regulares e 3 descafeinados) e com café solúvel (2 regulares e 2 descafeinados), ambos comerciais. Nas bebidas de café foram identificados e quantificados 16 ácidos clorogênicos (ácido 5-cafeoilquínico foi o majoritário), 4 lactonas de ácidos clorogênicos, 2 conjugados de cinamoil-aminoácido, 2 ácidos cinâmicos livres, trigonelina, ácido nicotínico, 5-hidroximetilfurfural, teobromina, teofilina e cafeína. Este é o primeiro trabalho que relata a presença de isômeros do ácido cafeoilferuloilquínico e conjugados de cinamoil aminoácido em bebidas de café solúvel. Em geral, o perfil qualitativo de compostos bioativos foi similar entre as bebidas de café. Por outro lado, foram encontradas diferenças quantitativas destes compostos entre as bebidas de café torrado e moído e de café solúvel, e entre as bebidas de café regular e descafeinado. Estas diferenças provavelmente são devido às diferentes espécies e variedades de café usadas nos blends, bem como, às condições de processamento, especialmente o processo de descafeinização e o processo de elaboração do café solúvel. Apesar desta variação, todas as bebidas de café podem ser consideradas fonte de ácidos clorogênicos e de seus derivados e podem contribuir com a ingestão da vitamina niacina para os consumidores habituais de café. Além disso, as bebidas de café mostraram ser potentes desativadoras in vitro de todas as ERO [radical peroxila (ROO?), radical hidroxila (HO?), peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2) e ácido hipocloroso (HOCl)] e ERN [óxido nítrico (NO?) e ânion peroxinitrito (ONOO-)] avaliadas. A capacidade das bebidas de café de desativarem o ROO?, o HO?, o NO? e o ONOO- foi relacionada principalmente aos teores de ácidos clorogênicos, enquanto que a capacidade das bebidas de café de desativarem o H2O2 e o HOCl foi relacionada aos teores de compostos escuros formados durante a reação de Maillard. As sementes de café cru foram provenientes de 12 genótipos de café pertencentes a 4 espécies (Coffea kapakata, C. racemosa, três cultivares de C. arabica e sete variedades de C. canephora). O perfil qualitativo de compostos bioativos foi similar entre os genótipos de café. Por outro lado, foram encontradas variações entre os genótipos de café nos teores de ácidos clorogênicos totais (22,9 a 37,9 g/100 g), conjugados de cinamoil-aminoácido (26,5 a 1116 mg/100 g), trigonelina (3,1 a 6,7 g/100 g) e cafeína (3,9 a 11,8 g/100 g), destacando-se a maior concentração de ácidos clorogênicos do C. canephora e do C. kapakata quando comparados ao C. arabica e ao C. racemosa. A capacidade de desativar as ERO e ERN também variou entre os genótipos de café. Os extratos de C. canephora e de C. kapakata foram os mais eficientes na desativação do ROO?, H2O2, HO?, NO? e ONOO-, fato relacionado aos maiores teores de ácidos clorogênicos. Os resultados do presente estudo mostram que as bebidas de café são potentes desativadoras de todas as ERO e ERN de relevância biológica avaliadas, sendo que a eficiência de desativação é influenciada pelo conteúdo de ácidos clorogênicos e de compostos escuros formados durante a reação de Maillard. Além disso, este trabalho indica que o genótipo é uma característica determinante nos teores dos compostos bioativos presentes nas sementes de café cru e que a eficiência dos diferentes genótipos de café de desativarem as ERO e ERN é influenciada principalmente pelos ácidos clorogênicos
Abstract: The present study evaluated the qualitative and quantitative profiles of bioactive compounds by HPLC-DAD-MSn and the antioxidant capacity of coffee brews and of different genotypes of raw coffee seeds against the main reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species of biological relevance. The coffee brews were prepared with commercially available ground roasted coffee (7 regular and 3 decaffeinated) and soluble coffee (2 regular and 2 decaffeinated). Sixteen chlorogenic acids (5-caffeoylquinic acid was the major compound), four chlorogenic acid lactones, two cinnamoyl-amino acid conjugates, two free cinnamic acids, trigonelline, nicotinic acid, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, theobromine, theophylline and caffeine were identified and quantified in the coffee brews. This is the first study that reports the presence of caffeoylferuloylquinic acid isomers and cinnamoyl-amino acid conjugates in soluble coffee brews. In general, the qualitative profile of the bioactive compounds was similar in all the coffee brews. The content of these compounds differed among the brews prepared with ground roasted coffee and soluble coffee and also between the ones prepared with regular and decaffeinated coffee. Such differences can probably be attributed to the different species and varieties of coffee used in the blends, as well as to the processing conditions, especially in the process of decaffeination and soluble coffee processing. Despite this variation, all the coffee brews can be considered sources of chlorogenic acids and derivatives and can contribute to the intake of the niacin vitamin for habitual consumers of coffee. In addition, the coffee brews showed to be potent in vitro scavengers of all the evaluated ROS [peroxyl radical (ROO?), hydroxyl radical (HO?), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl)] and RNS [nitric oxide (NO?) and peroxynitrite anion (ONOO-)]. The capacity of the coffee brews to scavenge ROO?, HO?, NO? and ONOO- was mainly related to the chlorogenic acid content, whilst their capacity to scavenge H2O2 and HOCl was related to the content of browned compounds formed during the Maillard reaction. The raw coffee seeds studied were from 12 coffee genotypes of 4 species (Coffea kapakata, C. racemosa, three cultivars of C. arabica and seven varieties of C. canephora). The qualitative profile of the bioactive compounds was similar among the coffee genotypes. On the other hand, variations were found in the contents of total chlorogenic acid (22.9 to 37.9 g/100 g), cinnamoyl-amino acid conjugates (26.5 to 1116 mg/100 g), trigonelline (3.1 to 6.7 g/100 g) and caffeine (3.9 to 11.8 g/100 g) among the coffee genotypes. The higher chlorogenic acid concentrations in C. canephora and C. kapakata as compared to C. arabica and C. racemosa should be highlighted. The capacity to scavenge ROS and RNS also varied among the coffee genotypes. The C. canephora and C. kapakata extracts were the most efficient ROO?, H2O2, HO?, NO? and ONOO- scavengers, which is related to their high chlorogenic acid contents. The results of the present study showed that coffee brews were potent scavengers of all the evaluated ROS and RNS of biological relevance, and that the scavenging efficiency was influenced by the contents of chlorogenic acid and browned compounds formed during the Maillard reaction. Moreover, this study indicated that the genotype is a determinant characteristic of the content of bioactive compounds present in the raw coffee seeds and that the efficiency of the different genotypes to scavenge ROS and RNS was mainly influence by the chlorogenic acids
Doutorado
Ciência de Alimentos
Doutora em Ciência de Alimentos

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

23

Rendón, Mamani Mery Yovana. "Oxidação de lipídios e proteínas no café cru durante o armazenamento e sua relação com a perda da qualidade da bebida". [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255260.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Orientador: Neura Bragagnolo
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T19:50:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RendonMamani_MeryYovana_D.pdf: 1061749 bytes, checksum: e4d872dcfdb5e597973a5b13542d1e51 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: Mudanças na bebida e na cor dos grãos durante o armazenamento do café cru levam à perda do valor no mercado devido, provavelmente, a processos oxidativos nos lipídios. Durante a oxidação dos lipídios há formação de compostos muito reativos, os quais podem reagir com proteínas, ácidos clorogênicos e outros compostos presentes no grão cru. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar em café natural (CN) e café cereja descascado (CD) da cultivar IPR 98 as alterações nos lipídios, proteínas, ácido 5-cafeoilquínico, viabilidade da semente e na estrutura celular do grão, além das mudanças sensoriais na bebida e na cor do grão, verificando se a perda da qualidade sensorial durante a estocagem por 15 meses está relacionada com processos oxidativos. As modificações nos lipídios foram avaliadas pelo acompanhamento do processo oxidativo mediante análises de substâncias reativas com ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) e no teor de ácidos graxos livres. A fração de ácidos graxos livres foi analisada por cromatografia gasosa após a extração com éter metil-t-butílico e fracionamento por cromatografia de permeação em gel. A oxidação de proteínas foi medida pelo método espectrofotométrico empregando dinitrofenilidrazina para a formação de osazonas. O teor do ácido 5-cafeolquínico foi medido utilizando cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detector de arranjo de diodos. A avaliação da viabilidade da semente foi realizada mediante imersão em sal de tetrazólio, e a análise da estrutura celular foi realizada por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. As mudanças sensoriais avaliadas foram a qualidade global da bebida, a intensidade do sabor café descansado na bebida e a medida da cor nos grãos. No final da estocagem foi observado nos cafés CN e CD aumento do teor de ácidos graxos livres, do valor de TBARS e do número de grupos carbonilas nas proteínas, assim como diminuição do teor de ácido 5-cafeoilquínico e perda total da viabilidade da semente. A qualidade global da bebida aumentou até o nono mês da estocagem para o café CD e diminuiu nos meses seguintes, enquanto que para o café CN aumentou, mantendo-se até o final da estocagem. A intensidade do sabor café descansado aumentou durante todo o tempo da estocagem. Essas mudanças foram acompanhadas pelo branqueamento dos grãos de café. A microscopia revelou mudanças na estrutura celular durante a estocagem. A presença de grupos carbonilas e os valores de TBARS encontrados no inicio da estocagem, além de trabalhos na literatura que relatam o desenvolvimento de estresse oxidativo durante a secagem, levaram a realizar um novo estudo analisando o comportamento de algumas enzimas antioxidantes durante a secagem de outra amostra de café (cultivar Mundo Novo), processado como café natural e café cereja descascado. Nestas amostras foram quantificadas as atividades das enzimas superóxido dismutase (SOD), guaiacol-peroxidase (GOPX) e glutationa redutase (GR), além da quantificação simultânea de peróxido de hidrogênio. Durante a secagem foi observada maior atividade enzimática no café cereja descascado em comparação com o natural, e maior concentração de peróxido de hidrogênio no café natural do que no café cereja descascado. Considerando os resultados obtidos no presente estudo, pode-se concluir que as mudanças sensoriais observadas durante a estocagem são em parte decorrentes de processos oxidativos não enzimáticos, os quais podem ter sido iniciados durante a secagem do grão
Abstract: Changes in beverage and coffee beans color during storage lead to loss of commercial value probably due to the oxidative processes in lipids. Oxidation of lipids lead to formation of reactive compounds which can react with proteins, chlorogenic acids and other compounds present in raw coffee beans. The present study was initiated to determine the relationship between changes in lipids, proteins, 5-caffeoylquinic acid and sensory characteristics; in addition it was evaluated the viability of the beans and the cell structure of the coffee beans processed as natural coffee and pulped natural coffee during the storage for 15 months. Lipid oxidation was evaluated as thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and free fatty acids. Lipids were extrated with tertiary butyl methyl ether, fractionated by gel permeation chromatography and the fraction of free fatty acids analysed by gas chromatography. The protein carbonyl groups were quantified by following the dinitrophenylhydrazine coupling method. The 5-cafeoylquinic acid content was performed using high performance liquid chromatography. The viability of coffee beans was estimated by tetrazolium chloride test and the cellular structure was examined by transmission electron microscopy. The cup quality and rested coffee flavor using an intensity scale were used for the coffee beverage evaluation . The color was expressed in L*, a* and b*. After 15 months of storage the free fatty acids content, the TBARS values and the number of carbonyl groups increased, while the 5-cafeoilquinic acid content decreased and the coffee bean viability was lost. The cup quality increased until the ninth month of storage and declined in subsequent months to pulped natural coffee while the cup quality to natural coffee not declined during the storage. The rested coffee flavor increased during storage, these changes were accompanied by bleaching of the coffee beans. The transmission electron microscopy revealed changes in the cell structure during the storage. The number of carbonyl groups and TBARS values at the beginning of the storage and the literature reporting the possibility of oxidation stress during the drying of the coffee beans led to a new study aiming to analyze the behavior of some antioxidant enzymes in other coffee sample processed as natural coffee and pulped natural coffee during the drying. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaicol-peroxidase (GOPX) and glutathione redutase (GR) as well as hydrogen peroxide content were evaluated. Pulped natural coffee showed more enzyme activities and lower hydrogen peroxide concentration than natural coffee. The results suggested that the sensory changes occurrence during the coffee storage are at least partly due to non enzymatic oxidative process initiated during drying of coffee bean
Doutorado
Ciência de Alimentos
Doutor em Ciência de Alimentos

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

24

Greco, Marcelo. "Avaliação de diferentes combinações de tempo de revolvimento, em secador de camada fixa para café". Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2006. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1286.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:37:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Greco.pdf: 571347 bytes, checksum: bbd60db2952ca5a0dde8ac3055608852 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-09-27
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This assignment aimed to value the energetic efficiency on coffee drying (Coffea Arabica, L.), with different combinations of time revolvment on a fix layer dryer. The experiment was developed on July, 2004 in Jesuitas city, Paraná. The dryer was compound of: a drying chamber with a capacity to 4,5 m3 of grains, chamber plenum with volum of 2,9 m3, fan with leakage of 473,2 m3 mim-1, two motors with potency of 2 cv (one for the drive of the fan and another one for the drive of the revolvment system) and mechanical system with shovels, that kept the product in horizontal rotatory revolvment. The grain´s contents of damp were gotten by the standard method of greenhouse 105±1ºC for 24 hours. The sample´s collection was carried out with a collector segmented on four different points of the drying chamber at each two hours. The temperature and the air´s damp were gotten through digital thermhigrometer, installed in a meteorological shelter. The drying air´s temperature was 75ºC. The ventilation and the drying kept it continuous during the test, having as treatment the time´s interval and revolvment of one hour, two hours, three hours and continuous revolvment. It was observed the revolvment with intervals of three hours promoted the smaller energy electric (17,11 kWh) and firewood consume (208,25 kg). The average of the energetic efficiency between the treatments was 12,30 MJ kg--1. for the model of dryers used it is recommended the utilisation of the revolvment system with intervals of three hours and continuous dryer, considering that had not been difference in the final quality of the product in sensorial analysis
O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a eficiência energética na secagem de café (Coffea arabica, L.), com diferentes combinações de tempo de revolvimento, em secador de camada fixa. O experimento foi desenvolvido no mês de julho de 2004, no município de Jesuítas-PR. O secador foi composto por: câmara de secagem com capacidade para 4,5m³ de grãos, câmara plenum com volume 2,9m³, ventilador com vazão de 473,2m³ mim-1, dois motores com potência de 2cv (um para o acionamento do ventilador e outro para acionamento do sistema de revolvimento) e sistema mecânico com pás, que mantinha o produto em revolvimento rotatório horizontal. Os teores de umidade dos grãos foram obtidos pelo método padrão de estufa 105±1ºC por 24 horas. A coleta de amostras foi realizada com um coletor segmentado em quatro diferentes pontos da câmara de secagem a cada duas horas. A temperatura e umidade do ar foram obtidas mediante o uso de termohigrômetro digital instalado em abrigo meteorológico. A temperatura do ar de secagem foi de 75oC. A ventilação e secagem mantiveram-se contínuas no teste, tendo como tratamentos os intervalos de tempo e revolvimento de: uma hora; duas horas; três horas e revolvimento contínuo. Observou-se que o revolvimento com intervalos de três horas promoveu o menor consumo de energia elétrica (17,11kWh) e de lenha (208,25kg). A média da eficiência energética entre os tratamentos foi de 12,30MJ kg--1. Para o modelo de secador utilizado recomenda-se a utilização do sistema de revolvimento com intervalos de três horas e secagem contínuas, uma vez que não foram observadas diferenças na qualidade final do produto em análise sensorial

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

25

Combes, Gavalda Marie-Christine. "Polyploïdie et adaptation des plantes : caractérisation et variation de l'expression des gènes homoélogues chez le caféier Coffea arabica". Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS115/document.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

La plupart des espèces végétales sont des polyploïdes récents ou anciens. L’allopolyploïdisation qui résulte d’une hybridation interspécifique couplée à une duplication génomique joue un rôle fondamental dans l’évolution des plantes. Elle provoquerait des changements de l’organisation du génome et de la régulation de l’expression des gènes qui seraient à l’origine de nouvelles aptitudes de ces plantes. Dans ce contexte, l’étude des mécanismes de conciliation des réseaux parentaux de régulation des gènes semble essentielle pour définir leur rôle dans la variation de l’expression des gènes. Le genre Coffea, composé d’espèces diploïdes pouvant s’hybrider et d’une espèce allotétraploïde C. arabica, constitue un modèle approprié pour cette étude. L’allopolyploïde présente deux sous-génomes homéologues peu différenciés, provenant de l’hybridation de C. eugenioides et C. canephora. A l’inverse de ses espèces parentales qui se caractérisent par des écosystèmes différents et d’amplitude thermique faible, C. arabica se développe en tolérant des variations de température plus importantes. Ce travail a consisté à étudier chez C. arabica les conséquences de l’hybridation sur la variation de l’expression et de la régulation des gènes et à analyser la variation de l’expression des gènes homéologues et son implication dans les capacités adaptatives. L’expression et la régulation des gènes au sein d’hybrides F1 entre C. canephora et C. eugenioides ont été analysées en utilisant la technologie RNA-seq. L’étude de ces hybrides a montré que les espèces parentales se distinguent par une proportion importante de divergences de trans-régulation. Pour 77% des gènes différemment exprimés entre les espèces parentales et les hybrides, le niveau d’expression de l’hybride est comparable à celui de l’une des espèces parentales, c’est le phénomène de «level expression dominance». L’analyse de l’expression allélique spécifique a permis de caractériser la régulation de l’expression des gènes ; les deux allèles sont exprimés, avec exceptionnellement un biais en faveur d’un génome. L’expression des gènes est déterminée par des combinaisons complexes de divergences de cis-régulation des espèces parentales et des effets entrecroisés de leurs facteurs de trans-régulation. Le niveau d’expression des gènes dépend de la sur ou sous-régulation simultanée des deux allèles et en particulier, de l’asymétrie des effets des facteurs de trans-régulation qui semble être à l’origine du phénomène de «level expression dominance». Pour l’allopolyploïde, l’étude de l’expression relative des gènes homéologues à l’échelle du génome a révélé que les gènes homéologues des deux sous-génomes s’inter-régulent et contribuent au transcriptome. Le transcriptome de jeunes feuilles de C. arabica cultivés à deux conditions de températures, chacune convenant à l’une des espèces parentales a été analysé pour étudier la variation de l’expression des gènes homéologues chez C. arabica et son implication dans les capacités adaptatives. La contribution des sous-génomes au transcriptome est faiblement modifiée par les conditions de culture et n’apparait pas directement impliquée dans la capacité de C. arabica à tolérer des amplitudes thermiques plus élevées que les espèces parentales. Ces études ont permis de caractériser la réponse transcriptionnelle à un évènement d’hybridation récent et ancien. Elles mettent en évidence les bases génétiques de la variation de l’expression allélique suite à la fusion des réseaux divergents de régulation des gènes d’espèces parentales. Elles ont permis de proposer un modèle de la régulation de l’expression des gènes homéologues pour C. arabica.Mots clés : allopolyploïdie, hybridation, homéologue, expression allélique spécifique (ASE), cis- trans-régulation, transcriptome, RNA-seq, adaptation, caféier
Polyploidy is a prominent mode of speciation and a recurrent process during plant evolution. Allopolyploidization, that involves inter-species hybridization and genome doubling, can induce an extensive array of genomic rearrangements and gene expression changes generating plants with new abilities to adaptation. The study of the merger of divergent gene expression regulatory networks seems fundamental to elucidate the role of conciliation processes in the gene expression variations.The genus Coffea that contains diploid species able to hybridize and C. arabica a recent allopolyploid between two low divergent diploid species C. eugenioides and C. canephora, represents an appropriate model for this study. Indeed C. arabica can be grown in regions with marked variations in thermal amplitude while the parental species are less adapted to temperature variations. The aims of the present work are, on one hand, the study of the effects of hybridization on the expression and regulation of genes and on the other hand, the analysis of homeologous gene expression variation in response to changing environment.To examine the immediate effects of hybridization, the expression and regulation of genes in F1 hybrids between C. canephora and C. eugenioides were analyzed by genome-wide RNA-seq technology. Parental species are distinguished by an important proportion of trans-regulatory divergences. In hybrids, among divergently expressed genes between parental species and hybrids, 77% are expressed like one parent (expression level dominance). Gene expression was shown to result from the expression of both alleles, with occasional bias toward one genome. The gene expression patterns appear determined by complex combinations of cis- and trans-regulatory divergences of parental species and by intertwined parental trans-regulatory factors. The gene expression level depends on the simultaneous up and down-regulation of both alleles and the observed biased expression level dominance seems to be derived from the asymmetric effects of trans-regulatory parental factors on regulation of alleles. In the allopolyploid, at the genomic scale, both homeologous genes are also inter-regulated and contribute to the transcriptome.The transcriptome of leaves from C. arabica cultivated at different growing temperatures suitable for one or the other parental species was examined to analyze the variation of homeologous gene expression in variable conditions. The relative subgenome contributions to the transcriptome appear to be only marginally altered by the growing conditions. C. arabica’s ability to tolerate a broader range of growing temperatures than its diploid parents does not result from differential use of homeologs. The transcriptional response after a recent or old hybridization event was characterized by these studies. The genetic bases of the variations in allelic expression after the merger of parental gene expression regulatory networks, were elucidated and a model of regulation of homeologous gene expression in C. arabica is proposed. Keywords : allopolyploidy, hybridization, homeolog, Allelic Specific Expression (ASE), cis- trans-regulation, transcriptome, RNA-seq, adaptation, coffee tree

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

26

Melo, Augusto Cezar de Paula e. 1983. "Utilização de água residuária do processo pós-colheita do café na produção de mudas de cafeeiro /". Botucatu : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93769.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Resumo: Com o intuito de alcançar maiores produtividades de café, cafeicultores começaram, a partir da década de 80, a fazer uso do processamento pós-colheita de café, a fim de garantirem uma qualidade superior de seu produto. Porém, com o processamento, houve o surgimento de outro problema a água residuária de café (ARC) que passou a contaminar rios, ribeirões, solos, lençol freático, etc. Este trabalho teve como objetivo utilizar a ARC na produção de mudas de café verificando sua viabilidade e a capacidade de a ARC em suprir as necessidades das mudas com relação ao potássio, quando estas não recebem cloreto de potássio no solo utilizado. O trabalho foi desenvolvido na Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - UNESP, Botucatu - SP em uma casa de vegetação localizada no Departamento de Engenharia Rural, consistiu de 10 tratamentos em um fatorial 5x2 (5 proporções de água residuária de processamento pós-colheita do café - 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% e 100% - e presença ou ausência de cloreto de potássio no solo utilizadoo), com 4 repetições dispostos em delineamento inteiramente casualizados. A ARC foi aplicada a cada 48 horas com uma lâmina de 10 mm. Após 6 meses, foram avaliadas características vegetativas das plantas e características químicas do solo e das plantas. Constatou-se que os tratamentos com a presença de cloreto de potássio foram estatisticamente inferiores aos tratamentos que não apresentavam KCl em seu solo quanto às características vegetativas. Com o aumento das proporções de água residuária, houve um decréscimo nas características vegetativas, porém um acréscimo nas características químicas do solo. Além disso, os tratamentos sem a presença de KCl e com 0% e 25% de água residuária de café foram estatisticamente iguais, mostrando a viabilidade no uso da ARC na produção... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract : Intending to achieve better results on coffee production, the coffee producers began, since the 80s to process the coffee post harvest, in order to ensure product's superior quality. But, with the processing, other problem appeared, the coffee wastewater (ARC - água residuária de café), which start the contamination of rivers, creeks, soil, water tables etc. This paper had as main objective to use the ARC on the coffee plants' production verifying its viability and to verify if the ARC is able to supply the coffee needs relating to potassium when these don't receive potassium chloride in the composition. The work was developed at Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - UNESP, Botucatu - SP in a greenhouse located at Departamento de Engenharia Rural. The work consisted of 10 treatments on a 5x2 factorial (5 wastewater proportions of coffee after the harvest processing - 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% - and potassium chloride presence or absence in the soil), with 4 repetitions made in delineation entirely design. The ARC was applied each 48 hours with a blade of 10 mm. After 6 months, the plants vegetative characteristic had been evaluated as well the chemical characteristics of the soil and of the plants. We observed that the treatments with potassium chloride presence had been statistically inferior to the treatments which did not present KCl in its soil related the vegetative characteristics. Moreover, with the increase of the wastewater proportions, it happened a decrease in the vegetative characteristics, however an addition in the chemical characteristics of the soil. Also, the treatments without KCl presence and with 0% and 25% of coffee wastewater had been statistically equal, showing the viability in the use of the ARC in the production of coffee plants, since the soil does not contain KCl and that the water used in the soil was a mixture of 25% of ARC with 75% of common water.
Orientador: Antônio de Pádua Sousa
Coorientador: Roberto Lyra Villas Bôas
Banca: Maritane Prior
Mestre

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

27

Cayllahua, Paytan Alexander, Garcia Grezia Valeria Rojas, León Ricardo Arturo Ramos, Sánchez Silvia Maribel Ordóñez e Solis Fiorella Salviatti. "Coffee Laundry". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/654889.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

El presente trabajo de investigación evalúa los aspectos generales del proyecto, planeamiento estratégico, investigación de mercado, plan de marketing, y la viabilidad económica y financiera para la implementación del local físico y virtual del negocio. A continuación, se describe los aspectos más importantes del estudio: En los estudios del macroentorno se identifica que al ser un proyecto innovador existe un alto grado de oportunidades para lograr un adecuado posicionamiento en el mercado. Sin embargo, debido a la gran oferta, hay un alto grado de amenazas con relación al alto nivel de competidores que existe. También se puede identificar en el análisis interno una gran variedad de fortalezas, basándonos en la propuesta de valor de la empresa que es brindar un servicio de calidad en un ambiente acogedor, implementando una cafetería para que puedan realizar otro tipo de actividades como lo son trabajar y estudiar. Sin embargo, también existen algunas debilidades como la inexperiencia en el rubro del negocio que puede ser un factor para disminuir con capacitaciones constantes. Por otro lado, para la investigación de mercado se realizaron entrevistas a profundidad y encuestas, las cuales, nos brindaron un público objetivo para nuestro primer año de operación, personas de lima moderna cuyo promedio de edad se encuentra entre 25 a 45 años. También el perfil de nuestro público objetivo es que valora mucho el tiempo por encima del dinero que estarían dispuestos a pagar por un servicio de calidad. En cuanto al plan de marketing, se considera que el tamaño del mercado disponible es de 130,499 personas, lo cual nos brinda un público objetivo de 23,040 personas que corresponden al 18% del mercado para el primer año de operación. Con ello, para lograr captar al público objetivo se implementará un plan de marketing digital cuya prioridad es la elaboración del ecosistema digital (página web y redes sociales) medio por el cual se brindará la interacción necesaria para lograr una futura fidelización y reconocimiento de la marca. En el plan operativo se diseñó la cadena de valor que especifica las actividades primarias y secundarias para el adecuado funcionamiento del local comercial. Para estas tareas, cada uno de los participantes del proyecto tomará una función que permita brindar una adecuada relación con los proveedores, accionistas y clientes. Por último, en el plan financiero se optará por un financiamiento tradicional del 50% como aporte de los accionistas y 50% a través de una entidad financiera comprendiendo un total de S/ 317,346.54 como inversión inicial. Para ello, se evaluarán diferentes tasas en el mercado que permitan obtener un flujo de amortización adecuado a las proyecciones de gastos e ingresos. También se podrá visualizar un recupero de la inversión a corto plazo, el cual se detalla que será en 18 meses cómo se mostrará en el análisis financiero. Finalmente, los estados financieros tienen una proyección de 3 años que muestran en un análisis vertical del estado de ganancias y pérdidas, un incremento anual del 1% en las utilidades del primer, segundo y tercer año de operación. Sin embargo, en el cuatro año se genera un incremento del 7%. Estos resultados indican que el proyecto es rentable debido a la gran demanda que tiene el rubro en el que “COFFEE LAUNDRY” se encuentra.
This research work evaluates the general aspects of the project, strategic planning, market research, marketing plan, and the economic and financial viability for the implementation of the physical and virtual business premises. The most important aspects of the study are describing below: In the macroenvironment studies, it is identifying that being an innovative project. There is a high degree of opportunities to achieve a good position in the market. First, there is a significant supply, but there is a high degree of threats with a high level of competitors as well. A great variety of strengths can also be identified in the internal analysis, based on the company's value proposition, which is to provide quality service in a welcoming environment, implementing a cafeteria so that they can carry out other types of activities such as work and study. Second, there are also some weaknesses, such as inexperience in the business field that can be a factor to decrease with constant training. On the other hand, for market research, in-depth interviews and surveys were conducted, which provided us with a target audience for our first year of operation, people from modern Lima whose average age is between 25 to 45 years. Also, the profile of our target audience is that they highly value the time over the money they would be willing to pay for a quality service. Regarding the marketing plan, it is considering that the size of the available market is 130,499 people, which gives us a target audience of 23,040 people that correspond to 18% of the market for the first year of operation. With this, in order to attract the target audience, a digital marketing plan will be implemented whose priority is the development of the digital ecosystem (website and social networks) through which the necessary interaction will be provided to achieve future loyalty and brand recognition. In the operational plan, the value chain was designed that specifies the primary and secondary activities for the proper functioning of the commercial premises. For these tasks, each of the project participants will take on a role that allows providing a good relationship with suppliers, shareholders, and customers. Finally, the financial plan will opt for traditional financing of 50% as a shareholder contribution and 50% through an economic entity comprising a total of S/ 317,346.54 as initial investment. For this, different rates will be evaluated in the market that allows obtaining an amortization flow adequate to the projections of expenses and income. It will also be possible to visualize a recovery of the investment in the short term, which is detailed that it will be in 18 months how it will be shown in the financial analysis. Finally, the financial statements have a 3-year projection that shows, in a vertical analysis of the profit and loss statement, an annual increase of 1% in the profits of the first, second and third years of operation. However, in the fourth year, a rise of 7% is generated. These results indicate that the project is profitable due to the great demand for the item in which "COFFEE LAUNDRY" is located.
Trabajo de investigación

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

28

Flores, Basauri Shirley Pilar, Cavero Diana Andrea Rivera, Vásquez Roxana Vanessa Romero e Lefoncio Jesús Kiler Vaca. "Coffee Pulp". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/621819.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

El Perú es uno de los principales productores de café de gran calidad en Sudamérica, actualmente cuenta con cuatro ciudades de mayor producción, entre ellos encontramos: Junín, Amazonas, Cajamarca y San Martín. Asimismo, a lo largo del tiempo el grano de café es lo que más se ha valorado, dejando de lado a su cascara, como un simple desperdicio y obviando su importante valor nutricional. Coffee Pulp, es una harina elaborada en base a la cascara de café. Se caracteriza por ser un producto saludable y especialmente libre de gluten (proteína que se encuentra en alimentos procesados del trigo). Esta nueva propuesta busca mejorar la calidad de vida de nuestros clientes, ofreciendo diferentes beneficios nutritivos. Su proceso de producción se realizará con la más alta calidad desde el proceso de selección de sus principales proveedores, excelentes condiciones de almacenamiento, hasta el empaquetado que permite conservar todos los beneficios, el sabor y la frescura. Nuestra propuesta surge de la apreciación de un nicho de mercado insatisfecho, debido a la necesidad existente en el consumo de productos saludables y libres de gluten en el Perú. Además, cada vez aumenta más la tendencia del cuidado de salud en el ámbito alimenticio, algo que actualmente toma mayor relevancia en nuestro país. Nuestro público objetivo son personas que se inclinan por mantener una alimentación saludable, o en especial aquellas personas que son intolerantes o sensibles al gluten, cuyo estilo de vida corresponde a la de los sofisticados, perteneciendo al NSE A y B que comprende los distritos de San Isidro, Miraflores, San Borja, Surco, La Molina, Jesús María, Lince, Pueblo Libre, Magdalena y San Miguel y cuyas edades comprenden entre los 25 a 54 años. A través del plan de actividades estratégicas y de marketing diseñadas para nuestro producto, aplicaremos la estrategia de diferenciación, buscando crear ante nuestros clientes una percepción de producto único y diferente en el mercado, provocando así una mayor lealtad a la marca. Pues de esta manera, nace nuestro proyecto, planteándonos en atender un público objetivo innovador en el consumo de alimentos saludables, a quienes les gusta seguir tendencias y son asiduos consumidores de productos “light”. En el presente trabajo mostramos a detalle cada análisis con sus respectivos resultados, que durante todo el ciclo se vino desarrollando con la finalidad de lograr la mayor rentabilidad y viabilidad del proyecto, siguiendo los consejos y recomendaciones de nuestros asesores del curso de Proyecto Empresarial. En cuanto al análisis financiero, se espera en el tercer año obtener una utilidad neta de S/ 126,185 Las ventas crecerán progresivamente año tras año en un 20%. La inversión requerida es de S/ 70,379 monto que será financiado el 30% y el 70% será aporte de los propios accionistas. El VAN FCLD calculado es de 246,405 con una TIR de 63%. Asimismo, los inversionistas obtienen un VAN de S/ 241,263 con un nivel de inversión de S/ 49,265 y una TIR de 67 %. Y por último el periodo de retorno de la inversión es de 2 años y medio. Todos estos resultados de rentabilidad mencionados sobre el capital invertido hacen viable el proyecto.
Perú is one of the main high quality coffee producers in South America. Currently, there are four cities of vast production, amongst them we find: Junín, Amazonas, Cajamarca and San Martín. Likewise, along the time, the coffee bean is the most valued, leaving aside its husk, as a simple waste and obviating its important nutritional value. Coffee Pulp is flour made based on coffee husk. It is characterized by being a healthy product and especially free of gluten (protein that is in processed foods of the wheat). This new proposal seeks to improve the quality of life of our customers, offering different nutritional benefits. Its production process will be carried out with the highest quality since the selection process of its main suppliers, excellent conditions of storage, until the packaging that allows to preserve all benefits, flavour and freshness. Our proposal arises from the appreciation of an unsatisfied market niche, due to the existing need in the consumption of healthy and gluten-free products in Peru. Additionally, at present more are the people who prefer to eat healthy in our country. Our target audience is people who are inclined to maintain a healthy diet, or especially those people who are intolerant or sensitive to gluten, whose lifestyle corresponds to the sophisticated, belonging to the NSE A and B comprising the districts of San Isidro, Miraflores, San Borja, Surco, La Molina, Jesus Maria, Lince, Pueblo Libre, Magdalena and San Miguel and whose ages are between 25 and 54 years old. Through the plan of strategic and marketing activities designed for our product, we will apply the strategy of differentiation, seeking to create in our customers a perception of unique and different product in the market, in order to create a greater loyalty with the brand. In this way, our project was born, focusing on serving an innovative target audience in the consumption of healthy foods, who like to follow trends and are regular consumers of "light" products. In the present work we show each analysis with its respective results in detail. During the whole cycle, it was developed with the purpose of achieving the highest profitability and viability of the project, following the advice and recommendations of our consultants of the Business Project course. Regarding the financial analysis, it is expected to obtain a net profit of S/ 126,185 in the third year. Sales will grow 20% progressively year by year. The required investment is S/ 70,379 and this will be financed 30% by a finantial institution and 70% will be contributed by the shareholders. The calculated FCAN VNA is 246,405 with a TIR 63%. Similarly, investors obtain a VNA of S/ 241,263 with an investment level of S/ 49,265 and a TIR 67%. Finally, the return period of the investment is two and half years. All of these profitability results mentioned on the invested capital make the project feasible.
Trabajo de Investigación

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

29

Valencia, Madrid Jorge Miguel, e Fuenzalida Roberto Galaz. "Trending Coffee". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/143182.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

TESIS PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE MAGÍSTER EN ADMINISTRACIÓN Jorge Miguel Valencia Madrid [Parte I], Roberto Galaz Fuenzalida [Parte II]
Durante los últimos años existe una tendencia de crecimiento por el consumo de por café de calidad superior con atributos tales como nuevas variedades, nuevos orígenes, nivel de altura de cosecha, nivel de cocción, orgánicos, sabor, aroma, entre otros, así como también se produce un boom de crecimiento de expertos en café como baristas y Sommeliers acompañado de mayor cobertura de los medios de comunicación dando la clara señal que en particular el café tostado y molido comenzó un camino hacia el desarrollo de un nuevo entorno de la industria del café. La idea de este plan de negocios nace de la necesidad no cubierta de una oferta suficiente en el mercado chileno de café de calidad superior, en particular de la variedad tostado y molido, con foco en la preparación y usos de herramientas para su consumo. En este sentido, en los últimos años en Chile, existe una tendencia en la disminución café tipo soluble, debido a una evolución de los consumidores que cada día son más sofisticados y se encuentran emigrando progresivamente al segmento de café tostado molido, el cual entrega otros y mejores atributos de valor que están buscando los consumidores, como café menos ácido, con más aroma, mayor variedad, otros orígenes y mayor sabor principalmente, sin embargo , esta sofisticación genera una necesidad de mayor conocimiento y amplitud a la hora de elegir un café. De esta manera y a modo de ejemplo se puede observar que hoy en día las góndolas de supermercado demuestran el cambio significativo de la exhibición de café que hace 10 años solo mostraba el café soluble y una incipiente variedad de café tostado molido. El café es la segunda bebida más consumida a nivel mundial después del agua y es el producto más comercializado después del petróleo a nivel mundial con más de 100 millones de sacos de café. En el caso de Chile, para el año 215, el consumo de café ascendió entre 180‐200 tazas por persona muy lejos de lo que por ejemplo es Colombia que tuvo un promedio de 500‐600 tazas de café por persona para el mismo año.1 El presente plan de negocio tiene por objetivo desarrollar una nueva empresa importadora de café de alta calidad de diferentes países como Guatemala, Colombia y Perú además de tener como posibilidad potencial en el futuro otros orígenes como Venezuela, Costa Rica, Brasil y Ecuador potenciando el marketing en la experiencia de degustación y preparación del café, complementando su experiencia de consumo.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

30

Correa-Piedrahita, Arturo. "Design and comparative evaluation of a three-layer coffee dryer". Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/6994.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

31

Bobadilla, Landey Roberto. "Influence of micropropagation through somatic embryogenesis on somaclonal variation in coffee (Coffea arabica) : assessment of variations at the phenotypical, cytological, genetic and epigenetic level". Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01016417.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Influence of micropropagation through somatic embryogenesis on somaclonal variation in coffee (Coffea arabica): assessment of variations at the phenotypical, cytological, genetic and epigenetic level Somaclonal variation (SV) is a major concern in all micropropagation systems. It is described as the phenotypic variation displayed in in vitro-derived regenerants and it is believed to be originated from a large array of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Highly productive Coffea arabica hybrids are clonally disseminated in Meso-American region through somatic embryogenesis (SE). The objective of the present work in coffee is to evaluate the trueness-to-type of SE and to understand the mechanisms involved in SV. We assessed the variations in the propagated plants at the phenotypic, cytogenetic, genetic (mutations/AFLP, genetic transposition/S-SAP) and epigenetic (methylation/MSAP) level by using two complementary approaches. First, with 2 hybrids we studied industrial culture conditions expected to be weakly mutagenic thanks to the combined use of short term proliferation period (6 months) and low auxin supply (0-1.4 µM 2,4-D). Two proliferation systems i.e. secondary embryogenesis and embryogenic suspensions were compared, the latter being more productive and economic. AFLP and MSAP molecular analyses on 145 somatic seedlings showed that genetic and epigenetic polymorphisms between mother plants and emblings were extremely low, i.e. ranges of 0-0.003% and 0.07-0.18% respectively, with no significant difference between the proliferation systems. For the two hybrids tested, massive phenotypic observations in nursery and field plots showed very low levels of SV (0.9% from 800,000 plants). Cytological analysis showed abnormal chromosome numbers (41-43, 45) in most of coffee somaclonal variants and normal numbers (44) in phenotypically normal plants. Stressful experimental conditions were also applied by using extended proliferation periods (4, 12 and 27 months) for three independent embryogenic lines established for the Caturra var. in presence of high growth regulator concentrations (4.5 μM 2,4-D, 17.8 μM 6-BA) to understand the mechanisms of culture ageing on SV. The proliferation time strongly affected the SV frequency among the 180 regenerated plants and in a highly similar way with the three embryogenic lines. No variant was found after 4 months proliferation although 30% and 94% phenotypic variants were observed in plants derived from 12 and 27 month-old cultures, respectively. Regardless the culture age and the embryogenic line, no polymorphisms were found in the 124 plants analyzed and very limited methylation changes with MSAP markers (0.049-0.087%). However, similarly to plants derived from industrial conditions, phenotypic variants systematically showed abnormal chromosome numbers and normal plants systematically showed normal numbers. This work showed that SE based on embryogenic suspensions is reliable for true-to-type propagation of selected C. arabica varieties. It also demonstrated the importance of culture age on SV and hence the non random nature of this phenomenon. The genetic and epigenetic alterations are particularly limited during SE. The main change in most of phenotypic variants was aneuploidy showing that mitotic aberrations play a major role in SV in coffee.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

32

MARQUES, João J. P. "Relação entre o processamento de pós-colheita e atributos químicos e sensoriais de café de três locais de Minas Gerais". Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, 2017. http://tede2.unifenas.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/189.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Submitted by Samira Ramos (samira.ramos@unifenas.br) on 2018-04-23T21:22:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 João Paulo Marques.pdf: 1012005 bytes, checksum: 71d82a764900814bb8c03c30f77accce (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-23T21:22:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 João Paulo Marques.pdf: 1012005 bytes, checksum: 71d82a764900814bb8c03c30f77accce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-11
Brazilian coffee growers are becoming more and more concerned about the production of high quality coffees, with the purpose of producing special coffees, adding value to the final product. The production of special coffees gains force in the world market pleasing the palate of different consumers. Coffee beans have their intrinsic attributes modified by local characteristics such as altitude, temperature, lightness, rainfall index and relative humidity where the crop is located. Together with the climatic conditions of the place, the method of processing the grains by dry (producing natural coffee), wet (peeled coffees), moist with fermentation (pulped coffee) and wet desmucilador demultipled), confers changes in the quality of the grains produced. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between post-harvest processing and the chemical and sensorial attributes of coffee from three locations in Minas Gerais. The coffees of the different regions presented their own characteristics, which are conferred according to the type of processing to which the grains are submitted in the post-harvest period. The samples of peeled coffees from the three regions studied presented higher scores for the sensorial attributes, compared to samples of natural coffees. The chemical analysis of coffee supports, however does not replace the sensorial analysis aiming at the classification of coffee beverage quality.
Os cafeicultores brasileiros vêm a cada dia mais se preocupando com a produção de cafés com qualidade superior, tendo como propósito a produção de cafés especiais, agregando valor ao produto final. A produção de cafés especiais ganha força no mercado mundial agradando o paladar de diferentes consumidores. Os grãos de café têm os seus atributos intrínsecos modificados pelas características locais como altitude, temperatura, luminosidade, índice pluviométrico e umidade relativa de onde a lavoura se encontra instalada. Juntamente com as condições climáticas do local, o método de processamento dos grãos realizado por via seca (produzindo o café natural), por via úmida (cafés descascados), por via úmida com fermentação (café despolpado) e por via úmida com desmucilador (cafés desmucilados), confere variações na qualidade dos grãos produzidos. Objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar a relação entre o processamento de pós-colheita e os atributos químicos e sensoriais de cafés de três locais de Minas Gerais. Os cafés das diferentes regiões apresentaram características próprias, que são conferidas de acordo com o tipo de processamento a que os grãos são submetidos no período de pós-colheita. As amostras de cafés descascados das três regiões estudadas, apresentaram maiores notas para os atributos sensoriais, em relação às amostras de cafés naturais. A análise química do café apoia, entretanto não substitui a análise sensorial visando a classificação da qualidade de bebida do café.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

33

Pestana, Kátia Nogueira. "Caracterização fenotípica e molecular da resistência do cafeeiro Híbrido de Timor a Hemileia vastatrix". Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2010. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4538.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:39:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2656828 bytes, checksum: 8bc70c0429aa62c04a9679cf9f1486b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-16
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
In order to support the breeding programs coffee that to aim to obtain cultivars resistant to rust (Hemileia vastatrix), this work aimed to study the resistance inheritance of Híbrido de Timor UFV 443-03 and identify molecular markers linked characterized genes. To study the inheritance were evaluated three populations originated from cross the Híbrido de Timor UFV 443-03 resistant parent and Catuaí Amarelo (UFV 2148-57) susceptible cultivar. These plants analyzed, 243 correspond to an F2 population of 114 susceptible backcrossing (BCs) and 87 resistant backcrossing (BCr). Inoculation was performed with a spore suspension (2mg/mL) isolated from the Race I of H. vastatrix in leaf discs, with three replicates for the F2 and RCs, and two for RCr. Plants of the Catuaí Amarelo UFV 2148-57 were susceptible in all inoculations, while the Híbrido de Timor UFV 443-03, the plant F1 and the BCr plants were resistant. Segregation analysis of F2 populations obtained two significant cases, the resistance of a coffee Híbrido de Timor UFV 443-03 the H. vastatrix was governed by two independent and dominant genes (15:1, P = 63.10) and the other three genes is conferred by two dominant and one recessive (61:3, P = 8.87). Plants of the BCs were used to confirm the segregation patterns, which segregated in a rate of 3:1 (P = 74.56), expected segregation for two and three genes. This result demonstrate that the resistance of the Híbrido de Timor is conditioned by two dominant independent genes or three independent genes (two dominant and one recessive). As was found oligogenic inheritance (two or three genes), for confirmation and identification of molecular markers linked to genes, they were treated as QTL, and then located in link genetic map. For this, subjects in the F2 population were analyzed with a total of 110 molecular markers. As 16 markers showed distortion of Mendelian segregation expected rate, the map was constructed with 94 markers (62 AFLP, 28 SSR and 4 RAPD). Whereas a LOD score minimum of three and of 40% recombination maximum, the markers were grouped into 11 linkage groups covering a distance 964.31 cM of the genome, with 13 markers not in any of the linkage groups formed. The longest interval between two markers was 32.1 cM and 68.57% of the markers did not exceed 20 cM. The characterization and identification of QTLs were performed by simple mark and simple interval methods. Methodology of the simple mark was possible to identify markers five associated with QTLs by the methods of ANOVA, regression and maximum likelihood. These QTLs were confirmed by simple interval methodology by means of regression and maximum likelihood. Two QTLs were identified in a 2 linkage group the 0 cM marker 21a, explaining 9.6% of the phenotypic variation. The other was located in 3 linkage group to 13 cM marker 43a, explaining 9.3% of the phenotypic variation. These two QTLs confirm the number and position in the coffee resistance Híbrido de Timor UFV 443-03 H. vastatrix is governed by two independent and dominant genes, thus demonstrating the importance of genomics to identify them. It should be noted that the information obtained in this study are unique to coffee, which may be useful in breeding programs based on assisted selection and positional cloning of the gene for rust resistance. So, should provide support for future breeding populations to obtain more productive and resistance.
Com o intuito de dar suporte aos programas de melhoramento do cafeeiro que visam à obtenção de cultivares resistentes à ferrugem (Hemileia vastatrix), neste trabalho objetivou-se estudar a herança da resistência do Híbrido de Timor UFV 443-03 e identificar marcadores moleculares ligados aos genes caracterizados. Para o estudo de herança foram avaliadas três populações originadas do cruzamento entre o progenitor resistente Híbrido de Timor UFV 443-03 e o cultivar suscetível Catuaí Amarelo (UFV 2148-57). Dessas plantas analisadas, 243 correspondem a uma população F2, 114 a retrocruzamento suscetível (RCs) e 87 a retrocruzamento resistente (RCr). A inoculação foi realizada com a suspensão de esporos (2 mg/mL) do isolado da Raça I de H. vastatrix, em discos foliares, com três repetições para as populações F2 e RCs e duas para RCr. As plantas do Catuaí Amarelo UFV 2148-57 foram suscetíveis em todas as inoculações, enquanto o Híbrido de Timor UFV 443-03, a planta F1 e as plantas do RCr foram resistentes. Pela análise de segregação das populações F2, obtiveram-se duas hipóteses significativas: uma de que a resistência do cafeeiro Híbrido de Timor UFV 443-03 a H. vastatrix era governada por dois genes dominantes e independentes (15:1; P = 63,10) e a outra de que era conferida por três genes, sendo dois dominantes e um recessivo (61:3; P = 8,87). Plantas do RCs foram utilizadas para a confirmação dos padrões de segregação e segregaram na proporção de 3:1 (P = 74,56), o que era esperado para dois e para três genes. Esse resultado indicou que a resistência desse Híbrido de Timor é condicionada por dois genes dominantes independentes ou três genes independentes (dois dominantes e um recessivo). Como a herança encontrada foi oligogênica (dois ou três genes), para a confirmação e identificação de marcadores moleculares ligados aos genes, estes foram tratados como QTL e, então, localizados em mapa genético de ligação. Para isso, os indivíduos da população F2 foram analisados com um total de 110 marcadores moleculares. Como 16 marcadores apresentaram distorção da razão de segregação mendeliana esperada, o mapa foi construído com 94 marcadores (62 AFLP, 28 SSR e 4 RAPD). Considerando um LOD score mínimo de 3 e máxima recombinação de 40%, os marcadores ficaram agrupados em 11 grupos de ligação, cobrindo uma distância de 964,31 cM do genoma, e 13 marcadores não se ligaram a nenhum dos grupos formados. O maior intervalo entre dois marcadores foi de 32,1 cM, e 68,57% dos marcadores não excederam 20 cM. A caracterização e identificação de QTLs foram realizadas com o auxílio de metodologias de marca simples e intervalo simples. Pela metodologia da marca simples foi possível identificar cinco marcadores associados aos QTLs pelos métodos da ANOVA, regressão e máxima verossimilhança. Esses QTLs foram confirmados pela metodologia de intervalo simples por meio da regressão e máxima verossimilhança. Dois QTLs foram identificados, um deles no grupo de ligação 2 a 0 cM do marcador 21a, explicando 9,6% da variação fenotípica. O outro ficou localizado no grupo de ligação 3 a 13 cM do marcador 43a, explicando 9,3% da variação fenotípica. Esses dois QTLs confirmam, em número e posição, que a resistência do cafeeiro Híbrido de Timor UFV 443-03 a H. vastatrix é governada por dois genes dominantes e independentes, mostrando, assim, a importância da genômica para a identificação destes genes. Cabe salientar que as informações deste trabalho são inéditas para o caso do cafeeiro e podem ser úteis em programas de melhoramento baseado em seleção assistida e na clonagem posicional do gene de resistência à ferrugem. Assim, os dados deste estudo deverão fornecer subsídios para futuros trabalhos de melhoramento visando à obtenção de populações mais resistentes e produtivas.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

34

Leão, André Pereira. "Caracterização morfoagronômica de acessos de Coffea arabica L". Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2009. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4724.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:42:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2150351 bytes, checksum: 54e1125f79ec26c29d8a9a79daac9daa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-18
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
One hundred accesses from the Coffea spp. germplasm bank of Universidade Federal de Viçosa were evaluated agronomic and morphologically, and separate in groups according to their genetic correlation. 21 descriptors of the IPGRI (International Plant Genetic Resources Institute) were used. After that, statistics analysis were done, indicating, by order, the following characteristics to discard, because of their minor importance to the genetic clustering: number of nodes in the branch, number of nodes in the main stem, color of the fruit, estimative of fruit production, branch length, crown diameter, leaf length, fruit maturation uniformity and stem length until the first node. Also, the descriptors leaf apex shape and leaf shape were discarded because it does not present variation on the evaluated accesses. Therefore, of the initial 21 characteristics, only 10 were kept by the end of the analysis. Using all the 21 descriptors, the 100 accesses were separate in 78 different genetic groups, 67 of it being singular. On the other hand, after discarding the less important variables, the remaining 10 characteristics allowed the formation of 10 genetic groups, only one being singular.
Cem acessos de café pertencentes ao Banco de Germoplasma de Coffea spp. da Universidade Federal de Viçosa foram caracterizados agronômica e morfologicamente, e divididos em grupos de acordo com suas correlações genéticas. Utilizou-se 21 descritores do IPGRI (International Plant Genetic Resources Institute). Após a caracterização procederam-se as análises estatísticas que indicaram, na ordem, as seguintes variáveis para descarte, por serem menos relevantes para o agrupamento genético: número de nós no ramo plageotrópico, número de nós na haste principal, cor de fruto, estimativa comparativa de produção de frutos, comprimento do ramo plageotrópico, diâmetro da copa, comprimento da folha, uniformidade de maturação dos frutos e comprimento do ramo plageotrópico até o primeiro nó. Além disso, os descritores formato da folha e formato do ápice da folha foram descartados por não apresentarem variação nos acessos avaliados. Assim, das 21 características inicias, apenas 10 foram mantidas ao final da análise. Com as 21 características os 100 acessos foram separados em 78 grupos distintos, 67 deles sendo grupos singulares. Em contrapartida, após o descarte das variáveis menos relevantes, as 10 características permitiram a formação de 10 grupos, sendo apenas 1 singular.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

35

Almqvist, Emma, Barbara Hruzova e Kajsa Olsson. "Changes in the coffee culture - opportunities for multinationals coffee shops?" Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-847.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

The Swedish coffee culture is changing and bringing new business opportunities for multinational coffee shops. Our purpose with this dissertation was to describe the Swedish coffee culture and its changes. We wanted to increase our knowledge about how these changes can make Sweden a more attractive country for coffee shops, like Starbucks, wanting to establish in Sweden.

We choose to use a qualitative method with an abductive approach. To gather the primary data we interviewed one barista and sent questionnaires to staff at different big coffee shops in Sweden. The interview questions were made out of five categories of describing culture by Rugman and Hodgetts. These answers and a multiple of articles helped us to describe the coffee culture and the changes. In the conclusion several benefits for coffee shops were identified from the cultural changes. Among the benefits we could see more knowledgeable and demanding customers. We could also distinguish a market with competing coffee shops and supporting industries well adapted to provide material needed to make the coffee. The benefits that the changes in the coffee culture bring are multiple and we see a coffee culture highly adapted to the new trend.

This dissertation can be useful for foreign coffee shops to gain knowledge about the Swedish coffee market and its culture.

New markets are opening through cultural changes, so marketers and others searching for new marketing opportunities on the Swedish coffee market should read this paper to get ideas, advices and inspiration.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

36

Acuña, Sepúlveda Alejandro, e Alamo Felipe Massú. "Language Coffe". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/132759.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Administración [MBA]
[Parte 1] Concentración estratégico y de mercados -- [Parte 2] Concentración organizativo y financiero.
Los análisis de la mayoría de los estudios en recursos humanos indican que cada vez son mejor valoradas en el mundo laboral las personas que son capaces de dominar una segunda lengua (siendo la principalmente más valorada el idioma ingles). Esta situación ha tomado mayor notoriedad en los últimos años, debido a la globalización y el crecimiento económico que ha experimentado nuestro país. Según Roland Sussex, especialista en lenguas aplicadas de la U. de Queensland, Australia señala que “Los que no saben una segunda lengua se pierden una gran riqueza cultural e intelectual. Se puede aprender idiomas con tecnología y en una sala de clases, pero nada reemplaza el sumergirse en una comunidad que lo hable. Si tienes gente a tu alrededor que lo hable, te ves impulsado a comunicarte con esas personas”. Por las exigencias ya sea de índole laboral, familiar u otra causa, cada vez es menor el tiempo disponible que se posee para dedicar a estudiar un segundo idioma. Al observar hoy en día las posibilidades de aprender idiomas, están básicamente reducidas a la opción de institutos tradicionales, cursos online o paquetes estandarizados para aprender, es decir, estructuras y productos rígidos, lo cual va en cierto modo, contra las tendencias de hoy día hacia la flexibilidad, tema que vemos incluso ya en el ámbito laboral, con los horarios de trabajo flexibles, que están implementando varias empresas. Por lo anteriormente detallado, hemos propuesto un nuevo modelo de negocios, basado en este principio de flexibilidad, creando “Language Coffe “, un nuevo concepto que mezcla la practica y/o aprendizaje del idioma inglés, en un ambiente informal y entretenido, sin rigideces y ataduras de ningún tipo. “Language Coffe” es un café de idiomas, en donde se pueden ofrecer clases grupales (máximo 5 personas, según su nivel) dirigidas por un profesor nativo, conversaciones libres en mesas de no más de 5 clientes asistidas por personal interno bilingües y en ambos casos poder disfrutar de una variedad de cafés, bebidas, sándwich y productos dulces. La estrategia definida para implementar el modelo de negocios será mixta enfocada hacia la diferenciación, puesto que representa un nuevo negocio, cuyo valor agregado es el ambiente distendido en que se podrá aprender el idioma en clases o reforzarlo en conversaciones libres. Sin embargo, se cuidará la estructura de costos para poder enfrentar un potencial competidor sumado a que el precio determinado para las clases no es muy superior al valor hora de la competencia y al incorporar la flexibilidad resulta un plan más económico. Se presenta a continuación un completo estudio desde el punto de vista de la industria, externo, interno, marketing, operaciones, recursos humanos y financiero, entre otros aspectos, para respaldar la factibilidad y buen pronóstico que tiene el presente proyecto. En términos financieros como se detalla en el estudio completo, nuestro modelo de negocio permite obtener los siguientes resultados financieros que validan lo rentable del proyecto

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

37

Guimarães, Nathalia de França. "Atributos biológicos da qualidade do solo em diferentes sistemas de cultivo do cafeeiro". Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7848.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Submitted by Luciana Sebin (lusebin@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-06T13:45:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissNFG.pdf: 936583 bytes, checksum: d13eaef283b99d1b87d5c09bdca4689a (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-13T20:27:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissNFG.pdf: 936583 bytes, checksum: d13eaef283b99d1b87d5c09bdca4689a (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-13T20:28:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissNFG.pdf: 936583 bytes, checksum: d13eaef283b99d1b87d5c09bdca4689a (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-13T20:28:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissNFG.pdf: 936583 bytes, checksum: d13eaef283b99d1b87d5c09bdca4689a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
The fauna invertebrate epigeic, as well as biomass and microbial activity are shown efficient indicator of soil quality, because they have high sensitivity to changes in the environment. The sensitivity of these biological attributes of the soil plays a fundamental role in the assessment of anthropogenic activities, with a tool to monitor soil quality. The objective of the study was to evaluate the quality of the soil, using as biomarkers to epigeic invertebrate fauna, biomass and microbial activity in different coffee cultivation systems. The study was conducted in 2015 at a private estate in the municipality of Santo Antônio do Jardim, SP. The experimental design was randomized blocks in split plot in time, with five repetitions. The treatments consisted of three coffee cultivation systems and two witnesses areas: 1) Coffee in consortium with tree and Urochloa cv. decumbens species; 2) Coffee in consortium with Urochloa cv. decumbens; 3) Coffee in exclusive culture; 4) area with ground fallow and 5) native vegetation fragment. The bioindicators were evaluated in two periods, the first in April and the second in July 2015. To evaluate the epigeica invertebrate fauna were installed in the center of each area five pitfall traps ("pitfall"), totaling 25 traps. The characterization of epigeica invertebrate animals was made based on the taxonomic composition (%); density (number of individuals); richness (number of groups); Shannon diversity index; evenness index of Pielou. The microbial biomass was evaluated by collecting soil samples at depth 0,0 to 0,10 m. The variables evaluated were: microbial biomass carbon, basal respiration, metabolic quotient, microbial quotient and soil organic carbon. It was evaluated also the accumulation of litter (t ha-1) and soil moisture (kg kg- 1). The collection dates only influenced epigeic invertebrate fauna. As for the vii coffee cultivation systems and witnesses influenced all biological attributes of soil quality in this study. The native vegetation fragment system shows the more diverse and more complex plant, and favoured the development of biological attributes soil quality (abundance of organisms on frequency of taxonomic groups, microbial biomass carbon, basal respiration and microbial quotient), followed by Coffee wooded and Urochloa cv. decumbens, fallow, Coffee intercropped with Urochloa cv. decumbens, Coffee in exclusive culture.
A fauna invertebrada epigéica, assim como a biomassa e a atividade microbiana se mostram eficientes indicadoras de qualidade do solo, por apresentarem alta sensibilidade as alterações no ambiente. A sensibilidade desses atributos biológicos do solo tem papel fundamental na avaliação das atividades antrópicas, sendo uma ferramenta para monitorar a qualidade do solo. Objetivou-se com o trabalho avaliar a qualidade do solo, utilizando como bioindicadores a fauna invertebrada epigéica, a biomassa e, a atividade microbiana em diferentes sistemas de cultivo do cafeeiro. O estudo foi conduzido no ano de 2015 em uma propriedade particular localizada no município de Santo Antônio do Jardim, SP. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por três sistemas de cultivo do cafeeiro e duas áreas testemunhas: 1) Cafeeiro em consórcio com espécies arbóreas e Urochloa cv. decumbens; 2) Cafeeiro em consórcio com Urochloa cv. decumbens; 3) Cafeeiro em cultivo exclusivo; 4) Área com solo em pousio e 5) Fragmento de vegetação nativa. Os bioindicadores foram avaliados em duas épocas, sendo a primeira no mês de abril e a segunda no mês de julho de 2015. Para avaliação da fauna invertebrada epigeica, foram instaladas no centro de cada área cinco armadilhas de queda (“pitfall”), totalizando 25 armadilhas. A caracterização da fauna invertebrada epigeica foi realizada com base na composição taxonômica (%); densidade (nº de indivíduos); riqueza (nº de grupos); índice de diversidade de Shannon; índice de equabilidade de Pielou. A biomassa microbiana foi avaliada coletando-se amostras de solo na profundidade 0,0 - 0,10 m. As variáveis avaliadas foram: carbono da biomassa microbiana, respiração basal, quociente metabólico, quociente microbiano e o carbono orgânico do solo. Foi avaliado também, o acúmulo de serrapilheira (t ha-1) e a umidade do solo (kg kg-1). As épocas de coleta influenciaram somente a fauna invertebrada epigéica. Já os sistemas de cultivo do cafeeiro e as testemunhas influenciaram todos os atributos biológicos da qualidade do solo avaliados neste estudo. O sistema Fragmento de vegetação nativa se mostra o mais diversificado e de maior complexidade vegetal, e favoreceu o desenvolvimento dos atributos biológicos de qualidade solo (abundância de organismos, frequência relativa dos grupos taxonômicos, carbono da biomassa microbiana, respiração basal e quociente microbiano), seguidos por Café arborizado e Urochloa cv. decumbens, Pousio, Cafeeiro consorciado com Urochloa cv. decumbens e Cafeeiro em cultivo exclusivo.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

38

Vargas, Carlos, e Sandra Miranda. "Cannabis Coffee Shop". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/143146.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

TESIS PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE MAGÍSTER EN ADMINISTRACIÓN Carlos Vargas [Parte I], Sandra Miranda [Parte II]
En respuesta a la necesidad detectada y no atendida de una parte de la población que se encuentra entre los 20 y 45 años de edad, que trabajan en la comuna de Providencia, en la Región Metropolitana, es que nace Cannabis Coffee Shop (CCS) con el fin de satisfacer la compra de productos cannabicos de colección, en los tiempos libres que se dan en los horarios de trabajo de estas personas, dentro de un lugar moderno, vanguardista y amigable con el medio ambiente, donde además tuvieran la posibilidad de probar productos de cafetería gourmet. Según éste estudio a marzo del 2016, solo hay un competidor, que se encuentra posicionado en la comuna de Santiago, lo que hace de la ubicación de CCS una ventaja competitiva. Debido al proyecto que hoy se encuentra en la Cámara de Diputados sobre el cambio a la ley 20.0001, es que la industria de las cafeterías y growshop2 se ha visto en un constante crecimiento y renovación. Dada la experiencia del equipo gestor de éste estudio, las buenas relaciones con mayoristas claves, las consignaciones con Sweet Fusión con un margen asegurado y pagos a 30 días y el reciente auspicio de Nirvana (marca internacional de semillas de Holanda), preceden el éxito y consolidación al primer año de iniciado CCS. La inversión iniciales es de 983 UF y se espera obtener utilidades por 2000 UF al quinto año, con un valor actual neto (VAN) de 1145 UF y una tasa interna de retorno (TIR) de 47%.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

39

Ni, Houbo. "Smart coffee maker". Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för tillämpad signalbehandling, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-14395.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Nowadays, more and more people drink coffee not only from Starbucks or other shops, but also brew coffee from coffee maker which with proper sizes which they can be put in the resting room of companies or homes. The products of coffee maker polarize in the market. Some of them have powerful functions and nice tastes with high prices. The others are simple, cheap but losing enjoyment of drinking coffee and people need to keep an eye on status of coffee maker. Most of people prefer the cheaper type. But more functions will take more convenience. Actually users can have them both. In this thesis, I design some functions based on the cheap type of coffee maker which will make drinking coffee more convenient and enjoyable. I use Arduino Uno as my control system, cooperating with sensors and special circuits. My system monitor working time of coffee maker, temperature of coffee and water level of both coffee pot and tank in the coffee maker. Then users can receive these values from their cell phone and doing remote control. Meanwhile considering about prices, I choose the most suitable sensors for measurement. I also do some jobs for saving energy and safe. The system locks or turns off the switch automatically for them. At last, all the sensors, wires and control chip are put in good positions in the maker.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

40

Castillo, Castillo Jose Erick, Conislla Luz Mery Mojica, Rodríguez Daniel Gonzalo Mosquera, Valerio Janis Yesus Onofre e Carrasco Luis Alfredo Tafur. "Qhapaq Coffee Gourmet". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/626273.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Hoy en día en el Perú, más del 70% del mercado consume café soluble y alrededor del 30% consume cafés especiales y de calidad, como orgánico y cafés de especialidad. Sin embargo, se ha detectado que uno de los grandes problemas es dónde comprar un buen café orgánico saludable de garantía, asimismo el desconocimiento del origen de cultivo del producto. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo desarrollar una propuesta para aliviar ese problema, para ello ofrecemos un café tostado molido y en grano en presentaciones de 250 gramos y 500 gramos identificado según la región de cultivo, como Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Huánuco, Junín, Pasco y San Martin, el producto estará certificado como orgánico y con nivel muy bajo de Glifosato < 0.01 mg/ kg. Se validó la idea del proyecto a través del estudio de mercado cualitativa realizado a una muestra de 10 personas especializadas en el producto. Realizamos el análisis externo e interno del proyecto, en el cual se identificó factores que tienen o podrían tener incidencia a lo largo del proyecto de negocio. Con la información obtenida, se ha elaborado el plan de marketing, luego de proyectar las ventas y establecer los costos de producción, gastos administrativos y de operaciones, se procedió a calcular la rentabilidad del proyecto aplicando los indicadores, arrojando resultados alentadores para poder realizar el proyecto. El análisis financiero del proyecto es positivo. Para los accionistas el proyecto ofrece una rentabilidad máxima (TIR) de 147% mientras que el costo de oportunidad que exigen es de 39% (COK).
Today in Peru, more than 70% of the market consumes soluble coffee and about 30% consume special and quality coffees, such as organic and specialty coffees. However, it has been detected that one of the big problems is where to buy a good organic coffee healthy guarantee, as well as the lack of knowledge of the origin of cultivation of the product. This work aims to develop a proposal to alleviate this problem, for this we offer a ground roasted coffee and grain in presentations of 250 grams and 500 grams identified according to the growing region, such as Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Huánuco, Junín, Pasco and San Martin, the product will be certified as organic and with very low glyphosate level < 0.01 mg/ kg. The idea of the project was validated through the qualitative market study carried out on a sample of 10 people specialized in the product. We carried out the external and internal analysis of the project, in which factors were identified that have or could have an impact throughout the business project. With the information obtained, the marketing plan has been developed, after projecting sales and establishing production costs, administrative and operating expenses, the profitability of the project was calculated by applying the indicators, yielding encouraging results to be able to carry out the project. The financial analysis of the project is positive. For shareholders the project offers a maximum return (TIR) of 147% while the opportunity cost, they demand is 39% (COK).
Tesis

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

41

Gargov, George Dimitrov. "Coffee Queue Project". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2016. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1539.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

In this paper, a computer vision system for counting people standing in line is presented. In this application, common techniques such as Adaptive Background Subtraction (ABS), blob tracking with Kalman filter, and occlusion resistive techniques are used to detect and track people. Additionally, a novel method using Dual Adaptive Background Subtractors (DABS) is implemented for dynamically determining the line region in a real-world crowded scene, and also as an alternative target acquisition to regular ABS. The DABS technique acts as a temporal bandpass filter for motion, helping identify people standing in line while in the presence of other moving people. This is achieved by using two ABS with different temporal adaptiveness. Unlike other computer vision papers which perform tests in highly controlled environments, the DABS technique is tested in a crowded Starbucks© at the Cal Poly student union. For any length of people standing in line, result shows that DABS has a lower mean error by one or more people when compared to ABS. Even in challenging crowded scenes where the line can reach 19 people in length, DABS achieves a Normalized RMS Error of 43%.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

42

Xu, Su. "Impact of agro-forestry systems on coffee yield, coffee plant morphology, physical and chemical attributes of green coffee beans and aroma generation of roasted coffee beans". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/48086/.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

A long experiment has been established since 2000 at CATIE (Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center), Turrialba, Costa Rica. Twenty agro-forestry systems with different shade types and managements (organic and non-organic) consisting of an incomplete randomized block-design with shade tree as main effect and subplots represented by management were set up. The mean 13-year yield, bienniality index (BI) of coffee yield, pruning, shade cover and morphology (height, diameter, total branches and productive branches) of coffee plants in these agro-forestry systems were measured. The effects of different managements and shade types on the physical and chemical attributes of green coffee beans and aroma and colour generation of roasted coffee beans were investigated. The organic management always showed the more stable production, while the coffee yield and morphology were always worse under the intensive organic (IO) management than under the intensive conventional (IC) management. Comparing with the moderate conventional (MC) management, the intensive organic (IO) management did not only have a similar or even higher productivity, but it also had higher total lipid and protein in the green beans and a stronger ability to generate more flavour and colour. The full sun system had a higher total coffee yield and bienniality index (BI) of coffee yield, green bean density and total protein content and greater flavour generation and colour after roasting. Comparing with the timber system, the service system did not only have the higher coffee yield and better coffee plant morphology, but it also produced green beans with higher total protein and roasted beans with the more flavour and colour. Comparing with the non-legume shade tree, the legume shade tree only influenced the total protein content of green coffee beans and further improved the performance of flavour and colour in the roasted coffee beans.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

43

Uribe, Natalia Aristizábal. "Efeitos da estrutura da paisagem no controle de pragas por formigas em cafezais". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41134/tde-06122016-152446/.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

1. Os serviços de controle de pragas têm papel fundamental para a sustentabilidade da agricultura, porém ainda pouco se sabe sobre como a estrutura da paisagem, tanto em termos de composição (tipos de uso e cobertura das terras) quanto de configuração (proximidade a fragmentos florestais, grau de fragmentação, entre outros), regula a provisão destes serviços em paisagens fragmentadas. 2. Nesse estudo, testamos a capacidade de formigas promoverem o controle da broca-do-café (CBB), a principal praga do café em termos econômicos, e testamos ainda se a provisão desse serviço varia em função da estrutura da paisagem. Medimos o controle de CBB em plantações de café a pleno sol em dez paisagens do Sudeste do Brasil, que representavam um gradiente de cobertura florestal e de café. Utilizamos experimentos de exclusão de formigas, dispostos a diferentes distâncias dos fragmentos florestais, e comparamos o nível de controle de pragas dentro e fora dos experimentos. Testamos como o controle de CBB é afetado pelas interações da exclusão de formigas com parâmetros da estrutura da paisagem, incluindo a proximidade a fragmentos florestais, a cobertura florestal (em raios de 2 km e 300 m) e a cobertura de café (em raios de 300 m). Consideramos três indicadores de controle de pragas: presença de CBB, grau de infestação por CBB e o dano aos grãos de café por CBB. 3. Os resultados mostram que as formigas diminuem fortemente a presença de CBB e o dano aos grãos de café por CBB. Além disso, o controle de CBB ocorre, independentemente da sua proximidade aos fragmentos florestais, mas aumenta após 25 m, sugerindo que as formigas que prestam esse serviço estão adaptadas às condições ambientais das plantações de café a pleno sol. 4. A existência de pelo menos 35% de cobertura florestal, num entorno de 2 km, reduz a infestação de CBB e o dano aos grãos de café. Os resultados sugerem ainda que a expansão da cobertura de café aumenta a presença de CBB, mas diminui o dano aos grãos de café. 5. Síntese e aplicações. Esse estudo apresenta novas evidências que as formigas provêm controle de CBB e esse serviço é modulado pela estrutura da paisagem. Este estudo fornece assim dados importantes para planejar paisagens de cultivo de café que ao mesmo tempo permitam maior controle de CBB e conservação de habitats naturais
1. Pest control services play a fundamental role in agriculture sustainability. However, little is known on how they are regulated by landscape composition (i.e. land-use and land cover change) and configuration (i.e. proximity to forest fragments and fragmentation intensity). 2. We measured whether landscape structure influences the ability of ants to control coffee berry borer (CBB), coffee\'s most economically influential pest, in sun coffee agroecosystems in Southeastern Brazil. We measured pest control among 10 landscapes that represented a gradual difference in forest and coffee cover. We manipulated ants through exclusion experiments (set at varied distances from forest fragments) and compared pest control inside and outside exclusion experiments. We tested whether CBB control is influenced by interactions of ant exclusions with landscape structure metrics, including distance to forest fragments, forest cover (2 km and 300 m-levels), and coffee cover (300 m-level). We considered three indicators of pest control: CBB presence, CBB infestation, and CBB bean damage. 3. Results show ants provide CBB control, strongly reducing CBB presence and bean damage. Also, CBB control is maintained regardless from its proximity to forest fragments, but increases after 25 m (hinting ants who provide this pest control service are adapted to habitat conditions in sun coffee farms). 4. Existence of at least 35% of forest cover in radii of 2 km reduces CBB infestation and bean damage. Results suggest further that expanding coffee cover increases CBB presence, but decreases bean damage. 5. Synthesis and application. This study presents new evidence of ants as efficient providers of CBB control in sun coffee agroecosystems and how this service is influenced by landscape structure. This study provides important data useful to adequately plan coffee landscapes with both enhanced CBB control as well as potential for conservation of natural habitats

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

44

Mengistu, Tesfamariam Mekete. "Presence and frequency of occurrence of plant parasitic nematodes on coffee (Coffea arabica L, Rubiaceae) in Ethiopia and the importance of endophytic microrganisms [microorganisms] for biocontrol". Göttingen Cuvillier, 2007. http://d-nb.info/987438905/04.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

45

Hammond, Katie L. "Coping with the Coffee Crisis: A Household Analysis of Coffee Producers' Response to the Coffee Crisis in Polo, Dominican Republic". Ohio : Ohio University, 2010. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1269003517.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

46

Souza, Silvana Aparecida da Silva. "Oviposição de Ceratitis capitata (Diptera : Tephritidae) em Coffea arabica e Coffea canephora". Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2009. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3912.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:30:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 956764 bytes, checksum: 3bef5df3bcdc4114c6a2adb81f50f58b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-18
Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais
The behavior meeting and selection of host plants is a matter of great importance in the study of insect-plant interactions. The triggering of such conduct takes place through a set of physical and chemical signals emitted by plants. Chemical signals to attract insects and allow them to recognize the host plant, while the physical characteristics are encouraging initiatives to guide the insect to the host fruit. The Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata explores a range of host plants and at the time of laying their choices are mediated by physical signs. C. capitata explores a range of host plants and has been reported frequently in cultures of Coffea arabica in different regions of the world. The females appear in the coffee plantations in the early stage of grain maturity, attacking mainly ripe fruits. In Brazil, has assumed great economic importance in coffee plantations of C. arabica of Bahia. However, in coffee plantations of Coffea canephora has not been reported and rejection or acceptance of fruits for oviposition of C. capitata. The objective was to obtain information on laboratory and field conditions on the oviposition of C. capitata in varieties of C. arabica and varieties of C. canephora. We assessed the preference of oviposition C. capitata among varieties of C. arabica and C. canephora, and combinations of varieties of C. arabica with those of C. canephora. Also were assessed effect of diameter and thickness of the shell of the fruits of C. arabica and C. canephora in the oviposition of C. capitata. Females of C. capitata showed no oviposition preference among varieties of C. arabica. Females showed a preference between the varieties of C. canephora, albeit with lower deposition of eggs in the fruit. The combinations of the varieties of C. arabica with varieties C. canephora highest average of eggs were obtained in the varieties of C. arabica. Therefore, one may conclude that the fruits of C. canephora were resistant to attack by C. capitata. The thickness of the peel of fruits of C. arabica and C. canephora influenced the deposition of eggs in the rosettes. With increasing shell thickness decreases the average number of eggs in the rosettes. The thickness of the peel of fruits of C. arabica had greater acceptability for oviposition of C. capitata. The diameter of the fruits of C. arabica and C. canephora influence the number of eggs deposited in rosettes. According, increases the diameter, increases the average number of eggs in the rosettes.
O comportamento de encontro e seleção de plantas hospedeiras é um assunto de grande importância no estudo de interação inseto-planta. O desencadeamento de tais comportamentos acontece mediante um conjunto de sinais químicos e físicos emitidos pelas plantas. Sinais químicos atraem os insetos e lhes permitem o reconhecimento da planta hospedeira, enquanto as características físicas são estímulos inicias que orientam o inseto para o fruto hospedeiro. A mosca-do- mediterrâneo Ceratitis capitata explora uma gama de plantas hospedeiras e no momento da postura suas escolhas são mediadas por sinais físicos. C. capitata explora uma gama de plantas hospedeira e vem sendo registrado com frequência em culturas de Coffea arabica em diferentes regiões do mundo. As fêmeas aparecem nos cafezais no início da fase de maturação dos grãos, atacando preferencialmente frutos maduros. No Brasil, vem assumindo grande importância econômica nos cafezais de C. arabica da Bahia. Entretanto, em cafezais de Coffea canephora não se tem relato de rejeição e ou aceitação dos frutos para oviposição de C. capitata. O objetivo do trabalho foi obter informações em condições de laboratório e campo, sobre a oviposição de C. capitata em variedades de C. arabica e em variedades de C. canephora. Avaliou-se a preferência de oviposição C. capitata entre as variedades de C. arabica e as de C. canephora, e combinações das variedades de C. arabica com as de C. canephora. Também avaliamos o efeito do diâmetro e espessura da casca dos frutos de C. arabica e C. canephora na oviposição de C. capitata. Fêmeas de C. capitata não apresentaram preferência de oviposição entre as variedades de C. arabica. Fêmeas apresentaram preferência entre as variedades de C. canephora, embora com baixa deposição de ovos nos frutos. Nas combinações das variedades de C. arabica com variedades de C. canephora maior média de ovos foram obtidos nas variedades de C. arabica. Portanto, pode se concluir que os frutos de C. canephora foram resistente ao ataque de C. capitata. Essa resistência pode estar relacionada com as características física ou química dos frutos. A espessura da casca dos frutos de C. arabica e C. canephora influenciou na deposição de ovos nas rosetas. Com o aumenta da espessura da casca diminui o número médio de ovos nas rosetas. A espessura da casca dos frutos de C. arabica teve maior aceitabilidade para oviposição de C. capitata. O diâmetro dos frutos de C. arabica e C. canephora influenciou no número médio de ovos depositados nas rosetas. Conforme aumenta o diâmetro dos frutos, aumenta o número médio de ovos nas rosetas.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

47

Gabriel, José Eduardo Ferreira [UNESP]. "Análise da produtividade e rentabilidade de lavouras cafeeiras agroquímica e orgânica na região da Alta Paulista". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101847.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-12-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:20:51Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 gabriel_jef_dr_botfca.pdf: 1111786 bytes, checksum: 023e779f2eb92ebb3f9736d54080e275 (MD5)
Diversos estudos realizados com sistemas orgânicos têm mostrado a viabilidade e sustentabilidade ecológica, social e econômica desses agroecossistemas, principalmente pela sua alta capacidade de resiliência, confiabilidade, auto-suficiência e produtividade, ao contrário dos sistemas agroquímicos (convencionais) de produção. Alguns estudos concluíram que o modelo agroquímico existe pouca interação entre os fluxos de energia interna, basicamente a lavoura recebe todos os insumos para a produção não havendo aumento na “qualidade energética” interna ao sistema. No entanto, o modelo orgânico de produção apresenta maior interação entre os diferentes recursos existentes no sistema. A maior utilização de insumos externos na produção agroquímica obriga, em contra partida, maiores gastos de capital pelos produtores relativos à contratação de financiamentos para compra dos materiais, o que acaba por criar um ciclo de dependência dos produtores por financiamentos externos e aumentando consideravelmente os custos finais de produção. As atuais crises econômica e ecológica, expõem a insustentabilidade do padrão produtivo da agricultura desenvolvida de forma industrializada, evidenciando à dependência dos países do primeiro mundo na importação de commodities agrícolas produzidas no terceiro mundo, dentre elas, o café. Agravando-se o problema no Brasil que também existe uma demanda reprimida no mercado interno.Diante destes fatos desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa para identificar os problemas na região da Alta Paulista, Oeste do Estado de São Paulo, com relação aos sistemas de produção de café. Atualmente, os problemas fundamentais, de acordo com a pesquisa realizada, dos agricultores nesta região, residem: (i) na escolha de um sistema de produção corretamente viável...
Several studies of organic systems have shown the feasibility and ecological, social and economic sustainability such agroecosystems, mainly because of its high resilience, reliability, self-sufficiency and productivity, in contrary to chemicals (conventional) production. Some studies have concluded that the agrochemical model there is little interaction between the flow of internal energy, basically the crop receives all the inputs for production with no increase in energy quality inside the system. However, the organic model of production has increased interaction between the different resources in the system. The increased use of external inputs in the agrochemical production forces, although, higher capital spending by producers concerning the employment of funding for purchase of materials, which ultimately create a cycle of dependence on external financing by producers and increasing costs considerably final production. The current economic and ecological crises expose the unsustainable pattern of production of agriculture developed in an industrial manner, showing the dependence of the leading industrial countries on imports of agricultural commodities produced in the third world, among them coffee. Compounding the problem in Brazil that there is also a pent-up demand in the domestic market.Given these facts, developed a survey to identify problems in the region of High Paulista, west of the State of São Paulo, in relation to production systems of coffee. Currently, the fundamental problems, according to the survey, farmers in this region reside: (i) the choice of a production system correctly viable (environmentally, socially and economically) agrochemical or organic and (ii) the method of investment appraisal safer because resources are scarce and the risks enormous. The objectives of this study are... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

48

Dávila, Gonzales Gisselia Judith, Pachacutec Elizabeth Flores, Durand Gullit Josue Lanazca e Felipa Mark Anthony Torres. "It´s coffee time". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/621820.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

apítulos y cada uno de ellos subdivido en diferentes secciones, a continuación se explica sobre los diferentes temas a tratar mediante el proceso de investigación del proyecto a evaluar: El segundo capítulo está compuesto por la idea de negocio, la cual al momento de desarrollarla se daría inicio al proyecto MYPE, así como también la descripción del servicio a ofrecer y el equipo de trabajo. Seguido tercer capítulo fundamenta el análisis PESTEL y el análisis interno, incluyendo el análisis FODA y la razón de ser de It’s time coffee; es decir, su visión y misión. En el cuarto capítulo se desarrollan las variables relevantes vinculadas al estudio de mercado, comenzando con la definición mercado a estudiar, los métodos de investigación y recolección de data, en donde encontramos: entrevista a expertos y trabajadores, encuesta a demandantes, y la observación directa al mercado objetivo y competencia. El quinto capítulo está basado en las estrategias de marketing; el mercado objetivo, donde se definirá del público objetivo y las estrategias que implementaremos para llegar a nuestro público objetivo. Asimismo se proyectara la demanda y se calculara el presupuesto de marketing a utilizar. En el sexto capítulo se manifiesta el plan de operaciones así como los procesos, inventarios; localización del proyecto de negocio, donde se dará a conocer el lugar de la ubicación del negocio mediante la micro localización utilizando métodos de ponderación; la capacidad y distribución de las instalaciones. El séptimo capítulo está fijado en la organización de manera jerárquica de la empresa a constituir, las políticas organizacionales a utilizar, y los métodos a manejar para la gestión humana y sus costos respectivos. En el octavo capítulo está compuesto por la inversión de activo fijo y capital de trabajo, proyección de las ventas, financiamiento, como también los diferentes gastos para la constitución de la empresa, seguido de la proyección de los ingresos y egresos donde se elaborará los estados financieros correspondientes obteniendo como resultado la posible rentabilidad y así medir la viabilidad del proyecto. Finalmente, se presentan las conclusiones obtenidos en base a los resultados de los estudios previamente descritos.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

49

Michori, Peter K. "Nitrogen budget under coffee". Thesis, University of Reading, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333405.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

50

Chadios, Konstantinos. "The urban coffee shop". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33031.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2005.
Page 145 blank.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 132-139).
This thesis is an investigation of the role of the coffee shop in the urban environment throughout history. Coffee shops spread from the Arab world to Europe and then to the U.S. at the end of the seventeenth century. Coffee shops always had an integral relationship with the public space and they were found on the physical civic structure of the cities. Thus, coffee shops can become a tool to map the city's social activity. This thesis is the first attempt to relate coffee shops to the urban setting, and to define the variables that have affected their appearance or disappearance. Their civic importance nowadays is highlighted along with the significance of technology to shaping coffee shop's new public character. I will present the evolution of coffee shops in the last three centuries and I will mainly focus on their location within the city. In each case, I will illustrate both European and American examples.
by Konstantinos Chadios.
S.M.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Coffey"

Crie uma referência precisa em APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, e outros estilos