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Hakoum, Maram B., Lama Bou-Karroum, Mounir Al-Gibbawi, Assem M. Khamis, Abdul Sattar Raslan, Sanaa Badour, Arnav Agarwal et al. "Reporting of conflicts of interest by authors of primary studies on health policy and systems research: a cross-sectional survey". BMJ Open 10, n.º 7 (julho de 2020): e032425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032425.
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ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to assess the frequency and types of conflict of interest (COI) disclosed by authors of primary studies of health policy and systems research (HPSR).DesignWe conducted a cross-sectional survey using standard systematic review methodology for study selection and data extraction. We conducted descriptive analyses.SettingWe collected data from papers published in 2016 in ‘health policy and service journals’ category in Web of Science database.ParticipantsWe included primary studies (eg, randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, qualitative studies) of HPSR published in English in 2016 peer-reviewed health policy and services journals.Outcome measuresReported COI disclosures including whether authors reported COI or not, form in which COI disclosures were provided, number of authors per paper who report any type of COI, number of authors per paper who report specific types and subtypes of COI.ResultsWe included 200 eligible primary studies of which 132 (66%) included COI disclosure statements of authors. Of the 132 studies, 19 (14%) had at least one author reporting at least one type of COI and the most frequently reported type was individual financial COI (n=15, 11%). None of the authors reported individual intellectual COIs or personal COIs. Financial and individual COIs were reported more frequently compared with non-financial and institutional COIs.ConclusionA low percentage of HPSR primary studies included authors reporting COI. Non-financial or institutional COIs were the least reported types of COI.
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Fisher, Charles G., Christian P. DiPaola, Vanessa K. Noonan, Christopher Bailey e Marcel F. S. Dvorak. "Physician-industry conflict of interest: public opinion regarding industry-sponsored research". Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 17, n.º 1 (julho de 2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2012.4.spine11869.
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Object The nature of physician-industry conflict of interest (COI) has become a source of considerable concern, but is often not discussed in the research setting. With reduced funding available from government and nonprofit sources, industry support has enthusiastically grown, but along with this comes the potential for COI that must be regulated. In this era of shared decision making in health care, society must have input into this regulation. The purpose of this study was to assess the opinions of a North American population sample on COI regarding industry-funded research and to analyze population subgroups for trends. Methods A survey was developed for face and content validity, underwent focus group evaluation for clarity and bias reduction, and was administered via the World Wide Web. Demographic and general survey results were summarized as a percentage for each answer, and subgroup analysis was done using logistic regression. Generalizability of the sample to the US population was also assessed. Results Of 541 surveys, 40 were excluded due to missing information, leaving 501 surveys for analysis. The sample population was composed of more females, was older, and was more educated than a representative cross-section of the American population. Respondents support multidisciplinary surgeon-industry COI regulation and trust doctors and their professional societies the most to head this effort. Respondents trust government officials and company representatives the least with respect to regulation of COI. Most respondents feel that industry-sponsored research can involve physicians and be both objective and beneficial to patients. Conclusions Most respondents in this study felt that surgeons should be involved in industry-sponsored research and that more research, regardless of funding source, will ultimately benefit patients. The majority of respondents distrust government or industry to regulate COI. The development of evidence-based treatment recommendations requires the inclusion of patient preference. The authors encourage regulatory bodies to follow suit and include society's perspective on regulation of COI in research.
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Grabitz, Peter, Zoe Friedmann, Sophie Gepp, Leonard Hess, Lisa Specht, Maja Struck, Sophie Kira Tragert, Tobias Walther e David Klemperer. "Quantity and quality of conflict of interest policies at German medical schools: a cross-sectional study and survey". BMJ Open 10, n.º 9 (setembro de 2020): e039782. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039782.
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ObjectivesTo assess the quantity and evaluate the quality of policies and curricula focusing on conflicts of interests (COI) at medical schools across Germany.DesignCross-sectional study, survey of medical schools, standardised web search.SettingMedical schools, Germany.Participants38 German medical schools.InterventionsWe collected relevant COI policies, including teaching activities, by conducting a search of the websites of all 38 German medical schools using standardised keywords for COI policies and teaching. Further, we surveyed all medical schools’ dean’s offices. Finally, we adapted a scoring system for results we obtained with 13 categories based on prior similar studies.Main outcomes and measuresPresence or absence of COI-related policies, including teaching activities at medical school. The secondary outcome was the achieved score on a scale from 0 to 26, with high scores representing restrictive policies and sufficient teaching activities.ResultsWe identified relevant policies for one medical school via the web search. The response rate of the deans’ survey was 16 of 38 (42.1%). In total, we identified COI-related policies for 2 of 38 (5.3%) German medical schools, yet no policy was sufficient to address all COI-related categories that were assessed in this study. The maximum score achieved was 12 of 26. 36 (94.7%) schools scored 0. No medical school reported curricular teaching on COI.ConclusionsOur results indicate a low level of action by medical schools to protect students from undue commercial influence. No participating dean was aware of any curriculum or instruction on COI at the respective school and only two schools had policies in place. The German Medical Students Association and international counterparts have called for a stronger focus on COI in the classroom. We conclude that for German medical schools, there is still a long way to go.
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Gil-Jaurena, Ines, Daniel Domínguez Figaredo, Belen Ballesteros Velázquez e Javier Morentin Encina. "Validation of the Community of Inquiry Survey (Spanish Version) at UNED Courses". EDEN Conference Proceedings, n.º 1 (16 de junho de 2019): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.38069/edenconf-2019-ac-0004.
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The paper covers the validation process of the Community of Inquiry (CoI) survey in its Spanish version. This task was undertaken by a group of researchers – the CO-Lab teaching innovation group – at the Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED) in 2018, as a first step in the process of analysing the educational practices in the online courses we teach. The paper explains the CoI model, some studies that have validated the survey in different languages, and the validation we have developed at UNED. We conclude with a discussion and future studies we aim to undertake as a follow-up of this project.
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DiPaola, Christian P., Nicolas Dea, Marcel F. Dvorak, Robert S. Lee, Dennis Hartig e Charles G. Fisher. "Surgeon-industry conflict of interest: survey of opinions regarding industry-sponsored educational events and surgeon teaching". Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 20, n.º 3 (março de 2014): 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2013.11.spine13168.
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Object Conflict of interest (COI) as it applies to medical education and training has become a source of considerable interest, debate, and regulation in the last decade. Companies often pay surgeons as faculty for educational events and often sponsor and give financial support to major professional society meetings. Professional medical societies, industry, and legislators have attempted to regulate potential COI without consideration for public opinion. The practice of evidence-based medicine requires the inclusion of patient opinion along with best available evidence and expert opinion. The primary goal of this study was to assess the opinion of the general population regarding surgeon-industry COI for education-related events. Methods A Web-based survey was administered, with special emphasis on the surgeon's role in industry-sponsored education and support of professional societies. A survey was constructed to sample opinions on reimbursement, disclosure, and funding sources for educational events. Results There were 501 completed surveys available for analysis. More than 90% of respondents believed that industry funding for surgeons' tuition and travel for either industry-sponsored or professional society educational meetings would either not affect the quality of care delivered or would cause it to improve. Similar results were generated for opinions on surgeons being paid by industry to teach other surgeons. Moreover, the majority of respondents believed it was ethical or had no opinion if surgeons had such a relationship with industry. Respondents were also generally in favor of educational conferences for surgeons regardless of funding source. Disclosures of a surgeon-industry relationship, especially if it involves specific devices that may be used in their surgery, appears to be important to respondents. Conclusions The vast majority of respondents in this study do not believe that the quality of their care will be diminished due to industry funding of educational events, for surgeon tuition, and/or travel expenses. The results of this study should help form the basis of policy and continued efforts at surgeon-industry COI management.
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Shantikumar, S., J. Wigley, W. Hameed e A. Handa. "A survey of instructions to authors in surgical journals on reporting by CONSORT and PRISMA". Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 94, n.º 7 (outubro de 2012): 468–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/003588412x13373405386619.
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INTRODUCTION Guidance has been published on how best to report randomised controlled trials (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials – CONSORT) and systematic reviews (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses – PRISMA). The aim of this study was to establish to what extent surgical journals formally endorse CONSORT and PRISMA in the respective reporting of randomised controlled trials and systematic reviews. METHODS Overall, 136 surgical journals indexed in Journal Citation Reports® were studied. Author guidelines were scrutinised for the following guidance: conflict of interests (COI), the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts (URM), clinical trial registration, CONSORT and PRISMA. RESULTS The frequency of guidance endorsement was found to be as follows: COI 82%, URM 62%, trial registration 32%, CONSORT 29% and PRISMA 10%. Journals with a higher impact were more likely to adopt trial registration, CONSORT and PRISMA. Journals with editorial offices in the UK were more likely to insist on disclosure of COI and to endorse CONSORT. CONCLUSIONS Guidelines produced to improve publication practice have not been implemented widely by surgical journals. This may contribute to an overall poorer quality of published research. Editors of surgical journals should uniformly endorse reporting guidance and update their instructions to authors to reflect this.
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Elbrecht, Vasco, Pierre Taberlet, Tony Dejean, Alice Valentini, Philippe Usseglio-Polatera, Jean-Nicolas Beisel, Eric Coissac, Frederic Boyer e Florian Leese. "Testing the potential of a ribosomal 16S marker for DNA metabarcoding of insects". PeerJ 4 (19 de abril de 2016): e1966. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1966.
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Cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) is a powerful marker for DNA barcoding of animals, with good taxonomic resolution and a large reference database. However, when used for DNA metabarcoding, estimation of taxa abundances and species detection are limited due to primer bias caused by highly variable primer binding sites across the COI gene. Therefore, we explored the ability of the 16S ribosomal DNA gene as an alternative metabarcoding marker for species level assessments. Ten bulk samples, each containing equal amounts of tissue from 52 freshwater invertebrate taxa, were sequenced with the Illumina NextSeq 500 system. The 16S primers amplified three more insect species than the Folmer COI primers and amplified more equally, probably due to decreased primer bias. Estimation of biomass might be less biased with 16S than with COI, although variation in read abundances of two orders of magnitudes is still observed. According to these results, the marker choice depends on the scientific question. If the goal is to obtain a taxonomic identification at the species level, then COI is more appropriate due to established reference databases and known taxonomic resolution of this marker, knowing that a greater proportion of insects will be missed using COI Folmer primers. If the goal is to obtain a more comprehensive survey the 16S marker, which requires building a local reference database, or optimised degenerated COI primers could be more appropriate.
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Lockhart, A. Craig, Marcia S. Brose, Edward S. Kim, David H. Johnson, Jeffrey M. Peppercorn, Dina L. Michels, Courtney D. Storm, Lynn M. Schuchter e W. Kimryn Rathmell. "Physician and Stakeholder Perceptions of Conflict of Interest Policies in Oncology". Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, n.º 13 (1 de maio de 2013): 1677–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.47.5475.
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Purpose The landscape of managing potential conflicts of interest (COIs) has evolved substantially across many disciplines in recent years, but rarely are the issues more intertwined with financial and ethical implications than in the health care setting. Cancer care is a highly technologic arena, with numerous physician-industry interactions. The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) recognizes the role of a professional organization to facilitate management of these interactions and the need for periodic review of its COI policy (Policy). Methods To gauge the sentiments of ASCO members and nonphysician stakeholders, two surveys were performed. The first asked ASCO members to estimate opinions of the Policy as it relates to presentation of industry-sponsored research. Respondents were classified as consumers or producers of research material based on demographic responses. A similar survey solicited opinions of nonphysician stakeholders, including patients with cancer, survivors, family members, and advocates. Results The ASCO survey was responded to by 1,967 members (1% of those solicited); 80% were producers, and 20% were consumers. Most respondents (93% of producers; 66% of consumers) reported familiarity with the Policy. Only a small proportion regularly evaluated COIs for presented research. Members favored increased transparency about relationships over restrictions on presentations of research. Stakeholders (n = 264) indicated that disclosure was “very important” to “extremely important” and preferred written disclosure (77%) over other methods. Conclusion COI policies are an important and relevant topic among physicians and patient advocates. Methods to simplify the disclosure process, improve transparency, and facilitate responsiveness are critical for COI management.
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Johnston, K. L., e R. S. Go. "Financial conflicts of interest amongst abstracts, speakers, and planning committee members at the American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting". Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, n.º 18_suppl (20 de junho de 2007): 6635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.6635.
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6635 Background: Financial conflicts of interest (COI) in medical research are an issue under scrutiny due to a potential risk for biased information. The objective of this study was to survey the extent of self-reported financial relationships with industry amongst abstracts, speakers, and planning committee members at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting. Methods: We used the 2005 and 2006 ASCO meeting program books to tally the total number of abstracts (all types), speakers for education (faculty) and abstract sessions (discussant), as well as planning committee (education and scientific) members (data available only for 2006). The number and nature of financial disclosures were noted. COI categories include: employment, consultant role, stock ownership, honoraria, research funding, expert testimony, or other remuneration. Results are presented as an average over 2 years whenever appropriate. Results: There were approximately 4,396 abstracts presented, 678 speakers, and 301 planners each year. COI were reported in 27%, 46.8%, and 67.4% amongst abstracts presented, speakers, and planners, respectively. Within reported COI, the most common were consultant or advisory role (24.6%), honoraria (21.7%), research funding (21.7%), employment (15.2%), and stock ownership (12.6%). Amongst abstracts with COI, 27.4%, 27.1%, and 45.5% reported 1, 2, or ≥ 3 COI, respectively. Amongst speakers and planners with COI, 35.9%, 38.1%, and 26% reported 1, 2, or ≥ 3 COI, respectively. Notably, COI disclosure was not provided by 14.8% of the speakers on time for the program book publication. Conclusions: Financial COI are prevalent amongst presentations and more so amongst speakers and planners at the ASCO annual meeting. A large proportion of speakers failed to provide disclosure on time. The overwhelming majority of the disclosures were COI other than research funding. While the actual impact of COI on the clinical and research practices of oncologists and researchers cannot be determined from our study, the potential for such influence is significant. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Mouzouri, Hasnae. "The Relationships Between Students’ Perceived Learning Styles and the Community of Inquiry Presences in a Graduate Online Course". International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 11, n.º 04 (5 de abril de 2016): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v11i04.5312.
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In this paper, the author examined whether there is any correlation between students’ perceived learning styles as identified by Felder and Silverman (2002) and each of the three presences of the Garrison et al.’s Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework (2000): the teaching presence, the social presence and the cognitive presence. First, the CoI survey was administered to a sample of Master’s students (N=24) at the University Mohamed First in Morocco. Then transcript analysis of online discussion postings was investigated to explore the links of the three presences of the CoI framework with students’ self-perceptions of personal learning style preferences. Analysis of the data collected from these instruments revealed significant relationships between students’ perceived learning styles with regard to some domains of the Felder and Silverman’s model and only two presences of the CoI framework: the social and cognitive presences. The findings have important implications for how to design online courses in a way that fits students’ needs and thus foster effective learning.
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Kosasih, Lydiawati, e Muhammad Iqbal. "E-Learning dengan Menggunakan COI Framework". ComTech: Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications 4, n.º 2 (1 de dezembro de 2013): 856. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/comtech.v4i2.2523.
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This study discusses some considerations in education to achieve a good quality of learning by utilizing technological advances such as E-Learning. This study uses a model of Community of Inquiry (COI) as a comparative study to improve the quality of E-Learning program. Implementation of COI model in discussionforum on BiNusMaya through E-Learning is able to improve the quality of a discussion as improvement of knowledge management. This study aims to provide a proposal to the Department of Information Systems Bina Nusantara University in enhancing the effectiveness of the use of discussion forums on BiNusMaya (ELearning). By presenting the survey results related to the Binusmaya current condition,s such constraints and development expectations of both the lecturers and students for Binusmaya can be described. In addition, the application of CoI model is presented in a learning process especially when meeting outside of class (without face-to-face). The results of this study is expected to be the basis for developing a COI model design and implementation plan in Management Information Systems course, that may improve the quality of the use of discussion forums as part of the knowledge management process in future study.
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TAN, MING KAI, SERGEY YU STOROZHENKO, WEI SONG HWANG e RUDOLF MEIER. "Integrative taxonomy reveals two sympatric species of the genus Eucriotettix Hebard, 1930 (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae)". Zootaxa 4268, n.º 3 (17 de maio de 2017): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4268.3.4.
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Limno-terrestrial pygmy grasshoppers are mostly recognised using morphology but characters used are not always clear-cut for species identification. From a faunistic survey in Singapore, Eucriotettix were collected and two new species are identified and described here: E. guentheri sp. nov. and E. simulans sp. nov. This was done by iteratively incorporating morphological, molecular, morphometric, and ecological data. Mitochondrial COI trees, COI cluster analysis, microhabitat preference, and morphometric analyses provide strong enough indirect evidence that the specimens comprise a pair of species. A key to species of Eucriotettix from Singapore is also provided.
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Sonoda, Shoji, Jun Yamashita, Yoko Kohara, Yohei Izumi, Hideya Yoshida e Takashi Enomoto. "Population survey of spiders using mt-DNA (COI) sequences in Japanese peach orchards". Applied Entomology and Zoology 46, n.º 1 (3 de dezembro de 2010): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13355-010-0011-0.
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Cook, B. D., K. M. Abrams, J. Marshall, C. N. Perna, S. Choy, M. T. Guzik e S. J. B. Cooper. "Species diversity and genetic differentiation of stygofauna (Syncarida:Bathynellacea) across an alluvial aquifer in north-eastern Australia". Australian Journal of Zoology 60, n.º 3 (2012): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo12061.
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Recent research suggests that alluvial aquifers in southern and eastern Australia may contain a diverse subterranean aquatic fauna (i.e. stygofauna). However, to date only a limited number of alluvial aquifers have been studied and little molecular data are available to assess species-level diversity and spatial patterns of genetic variation within stygofaunal species. In this paper, we present the initial results of a stygofaunal survey of the Burdekin River alluvial aquifer in Queensland, extending the northern range of alluvial aquifers along the east coast of Australia that have been investigated. The survey resulted in the collection of bathynellid stygofauna (Syncarida: Bathynellacea) and genetic analyses were conducted to determine species level diversity using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. We further investigated the phylogenetic relationships of the species with bathynellids from western and southern Australia to assess the generic status of species. Four highly divergent COI lineages within the Parabathynellidae and one lineage within the Bathynellidae were found. These lineages did not group within any described genera, and phylogenetic analyses indicated that both local radiations and the retention of a lineage that was more apical in the genealogy account for the diversity within the Parabathynellidae in the Burdekin River alluvial aquifer. Most COI lineages were sampled from only a single bore, although one taxon within the Parabathynellidae was found to be more widespread in the aquifer. Haplotypes within this taxon were not shared among bores (ΦST = 0.603, P < 0.001). Overall, the high species diversity for bathynellaceans from an alluvial aquifer reported here, and surveys of bathynellaceans in several other alluvial systems in south-eastern Australia, suggests that groundwater ecosystems of eastern Australia may contain high stygofaunal diversity by Australian and world standards, particularly at the generic level for parabathynellids.
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Costigan, Robert, Sait Gurbuz e Unsal Sigri. "Schein’s Career Anchors". Journal of Career Development 45, n.º 3 (1 de novembro de 2016): 199–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894845316676903.
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The purposes of this study are to (1) examine the factorial validity of Schein’s career anchors orientation inventory (COI), comparing the original eight-factor model with an alternative nine-factor model, (2) examine the cross-cultural invariance of the COI and its factor structure across two countries, (3) investigate whether core self-evaluations (CSE) is associated with career anchors, and (4) determine whether the relationship between CSE and career anchors varies by country. Survey data were collected from 469 participants (230 from the United States and 239 from Turkey). Based on multigroup confirmatory factor analysis, the results indicated that the alternative nine-factor career anchor model of the COI has better factorial validity and configural invariance than Schein’s eight-factor model. The findings showed support for the association between CSE and the pure challenge anchor and a moderating effect of culture on the relationship between CSE and two other anchors.
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Parikh, Purvish M., P. Narayanan, A. Vora, A. Gulia, S. K. Mullapally, B. Rangrajan, S. Gupta et al. "Conflict of interest disclosure and interpretation - rest assured the medical professional in the audience is perceptive, alert and smart". Indian Journal of Medical Sciences 71 (19 de outubro de 2019): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/ijms_12_2019.
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Introduction: We present data from a systematic survey on conflict of interest (COI) disclosure and its interpretation by the doctors participating in continuing medical education (CME). Methods: A brief 12 question online Google survey with multiple choice options (read, select, and click) was done among Indian practicing doctors using links shared through WhatsApp through the internet over a 72 h period. Results: Of the 386 replies, 373 unique replies were eligible for evaluation. The majority found CME activities beneficial. About 73% of participants would watch out for bias, even if the speaker shows COI disclosure slide. The use of brand/trade names was considered as a flag for bias by the majority. About 99% wanted the speaker to show a final take home message slide. Cross verification of the data presented by comparing to published data was done in more than 75% of instances by only 25% of the participating doctors. A significantly higher number of doctors found bias when CME activities were being organized by the health-care industry as compared to programs of medical bodies/societies/organizations. Discussion: COI considerations are given due to the importance of medical professionals. However, doctors are smart enough to understand the limitations of such disclosures and remain alert to ensure they are not influenced by any bias. Take home message slide gives the presenters opportunity to share their insights and allows the audience to make their own judgment on the impartiality of the data presented. The doctors are aware that bias could be more when CME activities are organized by healthcare industry and take appropriate precautions. Conclusion: COI is is given due importance by the medical professionals. COI disclosures are often incomplete. Doctors remain alert to ensure they are not influenced by biased presentations. Concluding take home message slide is unanimously recommended. Presentation bias is more when healthcare industry is directly organizing educational and promotional activities.
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Yandra, Fachmi Pachlevi, Badr Alsolami, Ivana Oktarina Sopacua e Wisnu Prajogo. "The role of community of inquiry and self-efficacy on accounting students’ satisfaction in online learning environment". Jurnal Siasat Bisnis 25, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20885/jsb.vol25.iss1.art1.
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The Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework provides a solid guideline for researchers to investigate a quality of online learning. However, there are still very limited studies that explore the pattern of relationships between CoI framework and accounting students’ satisfaction in online learning. In the context of online learning, self-efficacy plays a role to determine the level of students’ confidence to get success in the learning process. Students with a high level of self-efficacy will not perceive a difficult task as an obstacle to be avoided, but rather as a challenge to develop abilities. This research aims to explore the relationship between CoI framework and accounting students’ satisfaction through online learning self-efficacy. Self-administered survey was conducted to 437 accounting students. Hypothesis was tested using SEM-PLS. Results showed that CoI framework were good predictors of accounting students’ satisfaction. Different from most studies, this research found that students were more influenced by social presence instead of teaching presence. Higher educational institutions needed to focus on how to improve social presence in the online learning environment. In addition, higher educational institutions needed to manage students' online learning self-efficacy instead of technology self-efficacy.
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Schroter, Sara, Julia Pakpoor, Julie Morris, Mabel Chew e Fiona Godlee. "Effect of different financial competing interest statements on readers’ perceptions of clinical educational articles: a randomised controlled trial". BMJ Open 9, n.º 2 (fevereiro de 2019): e025029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025029.
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ObjectivesTo investigate how different competing interest (COI) statements affect clinical readers’ perceptions of education articles.DesignRandomised controlled trial.Setting and participantsRandom sample of UK doctors.InterventionsWe created four permutations of each of two clinical reviews (on gout or dyspepsia), which varied only in terms of the COI statement. Volunteers were blinded and randomised to receive one review and asked to complete a questionnaire after reading it. Blinded factorial analyses of variance and analyses of covariance were carried out to assess the influence of each review and type of COI on outcomes.Primary and secondary outcomesConfidence in the article’s conclusions (primary outcome), its importance, their level of interest in the article and their likelihood to change practice after reading it.ResultsOf 10 889 doctors invited to participate, 1065 (10%) volunteered. Of these, 749 (70%) completed the survey. Analysis of covariance (adjusting for age, sex, job type, years since qualification) showed no significant difference between the groups in participants’ confidence in the article (gout: p=0.32, dyspepsia: p=0.78) or their rating of its importance (gout: p=0.09, dyspepsia: p=0.79). For the gout review, participants rated articles with advisory board and consultancies COI as significantly less interesting than those with no COI (p=0.028 with Bonferroni correction). Among participants indicating that they treat the condition and that the article’s recommendations differed from their own practice, there was no significant difference in likelihood to change practice between groups (gout: p=0.59, n=59; dyspepsia: p=0.56, n=80).ConclusionsDoctors’ confidence in educational articles was not influenced by the COI statements. Further work is required to determine if doctors do not perceive these COIs as important in educational articles or if they do not pay attention to these statements. More meaningful COI disclosure practices may be needed, which highlight context-specific potential sources of bias to readers.Trial registration numberNCT02548312; Results.
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Mehmood, Sardar Azhar. "Molecular and Phylogenetic Analysis of Family Aeshnidae of Hazara Region, Pakistan". International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 25, n.º 01 (1 de janeiro de 2021): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1644.
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Current study was conducted on family Aeshnidae from Hazara region of Pakistan. During the survey a total of 125 members were collected and identified into 2 species under single genus. The present study focuses on molecular characterizations and phylogenetics of family Aeshnidae. Phylogenies of the analyzed taxa were elaborated with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian analysis. We sequenced both mitochondrial genes i.e., COI and 16S rRNA, separate and combined CO1+16S data sets revealed evolutionary relationship within Aeshnidae at the species and genera level. Mean Pairwise Distances (MPD) of each species were ranged from 0.00 to 84.60%. Evolutionary rate differences among two categories Gamma distribution and Invariant were recorded as 0.07 and 1.20 substitutions per site. DNA based identification using CO1, 16S and combined CO1+16S data set, for all Aeshnidae species shared genetic similarities having bootstrap values MLB=70–100%, MPB= 52–100% and BPP=0.75–1% respectively. The analysis of the combined (COI+16S) data set produced trees with complete stronger bootstrap support than analyses of either gene alone. These findings had shown that the taxonomic position of Aeshnidae species based on morphological characters could be verified, further improved and confirmed by the use of modern molecular biological tools which involve the nucleotide sequences of genes used in phylogenetic investigations. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
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Daugherty, C. K., F. J. Hlubocky, S. Gray e M. J. Ratain. "Patients involved in clinical research are more concerned about intrinsic and traditional research (“publish or perish”) conflicts of interests (COI) than potential financial conflicts: Results of interviews with advanced cancer patients enrolling in phase I trials". Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, n.º 18_suppl (20 de junho de 2006): 6008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.6008.
Resumo:
6008 Background: Concerns exist about the potential for financial COI to bias the design, conduct, analysis, and reporting of clinical trials. However, information is lacking about the perceptions of these COI among actual research subjects—both in general and relative to more intrinsic and traditional research COI. Methods: Using a standardized survey, cancer patients (pts) were asked closed-ended and semi-qualitative questions regarding their concerns about extrinsic, e.g., financial, and intrinsic, e.g. career advancement, COI. Results: To date, 120 pts either enrolled, or being evaluated for participation, in phase I trials have been approached for an interview with 96 completing the interview (80% response rate). Median age of respondents is 61 y (33–82); 55% male; 83% Ca, 10% AA, 2% AsA or HA; 38% college educated. 91%, 100%, and 94% thought that the involved investigators (MDs), drug companies, and hospitals benefited from a clinical trial respectively. The benefits cited for MDs was improvement in knowledge/ability to treat pts. The benefits cited for the hospital and drug company were described as prestige and financial. 38% would be concerned if an MD involved in a clinical trial receives financial benefit from the research, e.g., being a paid consultant or owning stock in company involved in a trial, and 43% thought that they should be informed of these potential benefits. 64% thought they should be concerned if an MD receives career advancement benefits from trial participation, and 69% thought they should be informed of this benefit. 45% thought that investigators might feel institutional pressure to enroll pts. Qualitative data revealed that pts’ lack of concern about financial COI related to their assumption that MDs already receive financial benefits-believing this to be acceptable-with some even encouraging it. Conclusions: Cancer pts were more concerned about intrinsic and traditional research COI than potential financial COI. As well, many assume that MDs receive financial benefits from research. These results may be helpful when considering COI management policies. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Assalahi, Hussein. "Learning EFL Online During a Pandemic: Insights into The Quality of Emergency Online Education". International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research 19, n.º 11 (30 de novembro de 2020): 203–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.19.11.12.
Resumo:
This study investigates English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners' perceptions of the causal relationships among teaching, social, and cognitive presences, indicative of a community of inquiry in online EFL course. Their relationships to demographic variables are also explored. There has been a growing interest in using the community of inquiry framework to explore the existence of teaching, social, and cognitive presences as indicative of the quality of online educational experience. The causal relationships among the three presences and whether demographic variables such as gender and program of study predict these presences have not received considerable attention. To examine the relationships among the three presences, the Community of Inquiry (COI) survey instrument was administered to 737 learners of EFL. Factor analysis was performed, and the findings confirmed the factor structure of the COI. In addition, structural equation modelling and Chi-squared automatic interaction detection (CHAID) analyses confirmed the hypothesized causal relationships among the three presences. Results revealed that teaching presence was the core factor in sustaining an online community of inquiry and gender significantly predicted perceptions of teaching presence. Implications for research on online language teaching, policy, and practice are discussed.
22
Assalahi, Hussein. "Learning EFL Online During a Pandemic: Insights into The Quality of Emergency Online Education". International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research 19, n.º 11 (30 de novembro de 2020): 203–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.19.11.12.
Resumo:
This study investigates English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners' perceptions of the causal relationships among teaching, social, and cognitive presences, indicative of a community of inquiry in online EFL course. Their relationships to demographic variables are also explored. There has been a growing interest in using the community of inquiry framework to explore the existence of teaching, social, and cognitive presences as indicative of the quality of online educational experience. The causal relationships among the three presences and whether demographic variables such as gender and program of study predict these presences have not received considerable attention. To examine the relationships among the three presences, the Community of Inquiry (COI) survey instrument was administered to 737 learners of EFL. Factor analysis was performed, and the findings confirmed the factor structure of the COI. In addition, structural equation modelling and Chi-squared automatic interaction detection (CHAID) analyses confirmed the hypothesized causal relationships among the three presences. Results revealed that teaching presence was the core factor in sustaining an online community of inquiry and gender significantly predicted perceptions of teaching presence. Implications for research on online language teaching, policy, and practice are discussed.
23
Saunders, Gary W., e Daniel C. McDevit. "A DNA barcode survey of Haida Gwaii kelp (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) reveals novel ecological and distributional observations and Saccharina druehlii sp. nov." Botany 92, n.º 11 (novembro de 2014): 821–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2014-0119.
Resumo:
A DNA barcode survey using mitochondrial COI-5P and nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) markers of kelp from Haida Gwaii, British Columbia, has uncovered 18 genetic groups encompassing 17 morphospecies. The discrepancy derived from collections identified in the field as Saccharina sessilis (C.Agardh) Kuntze, which formed two distinct clusters in molecular (both mitochondrial COI-5P and nuclear ITS) analyses leading to the proposal of Saccharina druehlii sp. nov. The morphospecies listed in the literature for this region (∼25), but not found during our survey (8) were accounted for in previous molecular studies that have synonymized taxa, viz., from six to a single species of Alaria, or involve uncertain reports for two Laminaria spp. We did not collect Eisenia arborea Areschoug, which with its distinctive morphology would represent bona fide records for this region. This species was previously reported at only two locations in Haida Gwaii, suggesting that it is rare and restricted in distribution in this flora yielding a total of 19 species of Laminariales. In addition, novel distributional and ecological observations are discussed for the kelp in Haida Gwaii.
24
Tran, Oanh Thi Phi, Dung Quoc Tran, Cuong Quoc Do e Thong Chi Ho. "Current status and risks of underground water for house holds in Cu Chi District - Ho Chi Minh City". Science and Technology Development Journal 19, n.º 1 (31 de março de 2016): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v19i1.512.
Resumo:
This study was conducted to survey the current status, the risks of groundwater resources for house holds in Pleistocene aquifers to serve the households in the Cu Chi district - Ho Chi Minh City during the period from March 1st– 30th 2015. The sample were divided into two main groups: from individual well for households which are used directly and from industrial pumping well by SAWACO.
Survey results showed that:
- Quality of water: There are popularly low iron content and pH in the survey area; however, Binh My Commune has very high iron content, above 10 mg / l. Other indicators are in accordance with standards except Pham Van Coi and Thái Mỹ Commune with very high NO3+ NH4+, beyond permitted standards.
- The treated water quality: 100% samples meet the QCVN02 standards: 2009 / BYT about water quality. Regarding risk assessment, this research is used to evaluate the water resource risks by DRASTIC and the health risks by substances, capable of causing cancer (As), incapable of causing cancer (Mn , Hg, Cr6 +, CN-).
These results showed that although the risks are considered very low, the measures still need taking to manage, control and to achieve a safe, sustainable water supply.
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M. N., Mohd Khalid, e Don Quick. "Teaching Presence Influencing Online Students’ Course Satisfaction at an Institution of Higher Education". International Education Studies 9, n.º 3 (24 de fevereiro de 2016): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v9n3p62.
Resumo:
<p class="apa">This paper discusses the association between online students’ interaction through the Learning Management System (LMS) discussion forum and their reported course satisfaction. The participants in the study reported here were selected from several faculties in one university in Malaysia who were enrolled in at least one hybrid or fully online course. The Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework, its instrument and satisfaction scale were employed in this study via a Qualtrics online survey. Teaching presence in the CoI was used to find out how strong it correlated with students’ course satisfaction. The results showed that both variables were significantly positively associated with each other; indicating that students who enjoyed a relatively high teaching presence in online discussions were very likely to report higher course satisfaction.</p>
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Darsouei, Reyhaneh, Javad Karimi e Mehdi Modarres-Awal. "Parasitic wasps as natural enemies of aphid populations in the Mashhad region of Iran: New data from DNA barcodes and SEM". Archives of Biological Sciences 63, n.º 4 (2011): 1225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1104225d.
Resumo:
DNA barcoding is a modern method for the identification of different species, including insects. Among animals, the major emphasis of DNA barcoding is on insects. Due to this global trend we addressed this approach for surveying a group of insects. The parasitic wasps (including primary and hyperparasitoids) of pome fruit orchard aphids were collected from Iran-Mashhad during 2009-2010. Preliminary identification of this group was performed by using morphological and morphometric characters and SEM. The COI gene in the specimens was amplified and sequenced. In this survey, Aphidius matricariae, Binodoxys angelicae, Diaeretiella rapae, Ephedrus persicae, Lysiphlebus fabarum and Praon volucre parasitoids and Alloxysta sp., Asaphes suspensus, Dendrocerus carpenteri, Pachyneuron aphidis, Syrphophagus aphidivorus hyperparasitoids were studied. Based on intra-interspecies distances and phylogenetic analysis using NJ, all species possess diagnostic barcode sequences. The results of this study show that the COI sequence could be useful in identification study of this group of insects. Here we have provided the first GenBank data for the COI gene of the above-mentioned hyperparasitoids as well as an initial attempt toward preparing DNA barcodes for Iranian parasitoid and hyperparasitoid aphids.
27
Saadatmand, Mohsen, Lars Uhlin, Maria Hedberg, Lotta Åbjörnsson e Maria Kvarnström. "Examining Learners’ Interaction in an Open Online Course Through the Community of Inquiry Framework". European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning 20, n.º 1 (27 de junho de 2017): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eurodl-2017-0004.
Resumo:
Abstract Open online courses are becoming more prevalent at local level and for and professional development objectives. Proper instructional design combined with use of online tools can promote learner interaction in online environments. Using the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework, this study aimed at examining learners’ interaction and their perceptions of teaching presence, social presence, and cognitive presence in an open online course offered for professional development in three Swedish universities. The course was free and open to all, attracting participants from all over the world. In order to understand the online interactions of the course, three presences of CoI were matched to three types of interaction (Moore, 1989). Data were collected through a slightly revised version of the CoI instrument and open-ended questions were added. Survey results showed that participants had high perceptions of the three presences in the course. Results also yielded significant relationships between teaching presence and cognitive presence, as well as social presence and cognitive presence. The findings suggest that deploying a set of online tools combined with appropriate pedagogical approaches in designing open online courses could foster learner interaction especially learner-content interaction and cognitive presence.
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COOK, SHELLEY, NGO GIANG LIEN, ERICA MCALISTER e RALPH E. HARBACH. "Bothaella manhi, a new species of tribe Aedini (Diptera: Culicidae) from the Cuc Phuong National Park of Vietnam based on morphology and DNA sequence". Zootaxa 2661, n.º 1 (29 de outubro de 2010): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2661.1.2.
Resumo:
A new species of genus Bothaella (Diptera: Culicidae) collected along with two other species of the genus during surveys for flavivirus isolations in the Cuc Phuong National Park in northern Vietnam is formally described and named as Bothaella manhi, sp. n. The adults, pupa and fourth-instar larva are characterized, the male genitalia and the two immature stages are illustrated and DNA sequence data are included for regions coding for sections of the COI and COII genes (mtDNA). The species is compared and distinguished from the other species of the genus, and sequence data are used to hypothesise its phylogenetic relationship with Bo. helenae and Bo. kleini, the other two species collected during the survey.
29
Kaspi, Roy, Svetlana Kontsedalov e Murad Ghanim. "First report of Trichogramma danausicida and Trichogramma cacaeciae reared from Thaumatotibia leucotreta eggs in Israel". ZooKeys 779 (2 de agosto de 2018): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.778.25674.
Resumo:
The egg parasitpoids Trichogrammadanausicida (Nagaraja) and Trichogrammacacaeciae (Marchal) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), are reported for the first time in Israel. Moreover, our discovery of T.danausicida is the first report of this parasitoid species outside of India. The occurrence of those trichogrammatids was first discovered and documented in May 2016 during a survey of egg parasitoids of the False codling moth Thaumatotibialeucotreta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The field survey was conducted on castor bean fruits (Ricinuscommunis) in the Israeli central coastal plain. The identity of the parasitoids was revealed by means of sequencing a portion of the cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI) of the studied parasitoids.
30
Kaspi, Roy, Svetlana Kontsedalov e Murad Ghanim. "First report of Trichogramma danausicida and Trichogramma cacaeciae reared from Thaumatotibia leucotreta eggs in Israel". ZooKeys 779 (2 de agosto de 2018): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.779.25674.
Resumo:
The egg parasitpoids Trichogrammadanausicida (Nagaraja) and Trichogrammacacaeciae (Marchal) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), are reported for the first time in Israel. Moreover, our discovery of T.danausicida is the first report of this parasitoid species outside of India. The occurrence of those trichogrammatids was first discovered and documented in May 2016 during a survey of egg parasitoids of the False codling moth Thaumatotibialeucotreta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The field survey was conducted on castor bean fruits (Ricinuscommunis) in the Israeli central coastal plain. The identity of the parasitoids was revealed by means of sequencing a portion of the cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI) of the studied parasitoids.
31
MONNIOT, FRANÇOISE, AGNÈS DETTAI, MARC ELEAUME, CORINNE CRUAUD e NADIA AMEZIANE. "Antarctic Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French-Australian survey CEAMARC in Terre Adélie". Zootaxa 2817, n.º 1 (13 de abril de 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2817.1.1.
Resumo:
A large collection of ascidians was made during the CEAMARC Aurora Australis V3 cruise off Terre Adélie and George V Land a region rarely investigated before at these depths. Sampling was performed by beam trawls and a dredge between 138°– 146° latitude East and from 150 to 1700 m depth, on the Antarctic shelf and slope. Three of the 33 ascidian species identified are new and belong to the Stolidobranchia. Half of the species have an exclusive Antarctic distribution, others also occur in Sub-Antarctic areas, but none are common with the southern temperate fauna. The CEAMARC collection does not contain the whole range of already known species from this region. Moreover, brittle and very small specimens were not collected. COI sequences were obtained for 37 specimens, including two of the new species.
32
Pillai, Rajasshrie, e Brijesh Sivathanu. "An empirical study on the online learning experience of MOOCs: Indian students’ perspective". International Journal of Educational Management 34, n.º 3 (26 de novembro de 2019): 586–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijem-01-2019-0025.
Resumo:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the online learning experience (LE) of massive open online courses (MOOCs) among the students in India using the lens of community of inquiry (CoI) model and two additional contextual factors. Design/methodology/approach The study conducted a survey using a structured questionnaire among the undergraduate and postgraduate students to examine the LE of MOOCs using the CoI framework and contextual variables – technical barrier (TB) and hedonic motivation (HD). The primary data were analyzed with the partial least squares structural equation modeling technique. Findings The results show that teaching presence (TP) influences cognitive presence (CP) and social presence (SP). SP influences CP. It is also found that TP, SP and CP influence the LE of MOOCs. It is found that TB negatively influences LE but is not significant and HD significantly influences LE positively for MOOCs. Research limitations/implications This study has a few limitations as it is a cross-sectional study in India, which surveyed undergraduate and postgraduate MOOCs learners, and caution needs to be taken while generalizing the outcomes. Further studies can be conducted across other countries considering demographic factors like age, gender, income groups, education and profession. Practical implications This research highlights the antecedents influencing the LE of MOOC learners using the CoI framework which will help the MOOC designers and marketers to apprehend the factors influencing LE. The results of this research will help them formulate suitable strategies in the design and delivery of MOOCs to improve the LE of learners. Originality/value This unique research investigates and empirically validates the CoI framework to understand LE of MOOC learners in India. This research extends the CoI framework by adding contextual factors – TB and HD in the context of a developing country.
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BAHDER, BRIAN W., CHARLES R. BARTLETT, EDWIN A. BARRANTES BARRANTES, MARCO A. ZUMBADO ECHAVARRIA, ALESSANDRA R. HUMPHRIES, ERICKA E. HELMICK, MARINA S. ASCUNCE et al. "A new species of Omolicna (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea: Derbidae) from coconut palm in Costa Rica and new country records for Omolicna brunnea and Omolicna triata". Zootaxa 4577, n.º 3 (8 de abril de 2019): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4577.3.5.
Resumo:
An ongoing survey for novel phytoplasmas and viruses that affect palms (Arecaceae) is being conducted in Costa Rica along with potential vectors. During that survey, a new species of derbid planthopper (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) in the genus Omolicna Fennah was detected from Heredia and Limón State and is here described as Omolicna xavieri sp. n. This new taxon was first found on declining coconut palms (Cocos nucifera) and subsequently on healthy coconut palms in Tortuguero National Park. Also, two additional species of Omolicna, O. brunnea and O. triata, were collected on coconut in the same habitat and represent new country records. There are no previously published records of Omolicna from Costa Rica. Sequence data for the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and the 18S ribosomal RNA gene were obtained. In addition, novel 18S primers specific to auchenorrhynchan insects were developed and presented. The molecular data show high pairwise distances between O. xavieri sp. n. and other Omolicna species (24% to 31% and 10% using COI and 18S, respectively). Based on both morphological and sequence data, we erect and briefly describe the new subgenus Agoo for the new species to reflect the observed differences. A checklist of Omolicna species is presented.
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Kim, Philjae, Tae Joong Yoon e Sook Shin. "Environmental DNA and Specific Primers for Detecting the Invasive Species Ectopleura crocea (Hydrozoa: Anthoathecata) in Seawater Samples". Sustainability 12, n.º 6 (18 de março de 2020): 2360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062360.
Resumo:
In marine environments, environmental DNA (eDNA) can be effectively detected and possibly quantified when combined with molecular techniques, as demonstrated by several recent studies. In this study, we developed a species-specific primer set and a probe to detect the distribution and biomass of an invasive hydrozoan in South Korea, Ectopleura crocea. These molecular markers were designed to amplify a 187 bp region based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) of E. crocea and were tested on seawater samples from 35 Korean harbors in 2017. Of the 35 sites we investigated, only nine harbors returned positive detections when using traditional survey methods, while surveys based on the use of eDNA techniques detected E. crocea DNA in all seawater samples. These results suggest that eDNA surveys based on molecular techniques are more effective at identifying species distribution and estimating biomass than traditional surveys based on visual assessment of morphology.
35
Ngo, Van Thong, Huu Hanh Tran e Chi Tao Phan. "Morphological characteristics and mitochondrial COI gene of the green water dragon in Phu Quoc island, Vietnam". Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam 63, n.º 3 (3 de setembro de 2021): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31276/vjste.63(3).63-69.
Resumo:
The green water dragons of Phu Quoc island, Vietnam have been given a VU rating (vulnerable) by the Vietnam red data book and the International Union for conservation of nature and natural resources. A description of the morphological characteristics and sequenced mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 COI gene was completed following a survey of thirty individuals from September 2018 to May 2019. Their body weights ranged from 115 to 850 g and their snout-vent length ranged from 120 to 280 mm. They were identified to have the highest similarity to the species Physignathus cocincinus by the barcode of life data system. Their COI gene sequence was compared to GenBank (KM272197.1) and the following alternations were found: C5483T, A5486C, C5537A, A5564G, A5591G, T5633C, G5684A, A5771G, A5849C, C5927T, T5942C, C5993T, G6002A, and A6020G. The neighbourjoining tree of their COI sequence divergence indicated a distance (compared to the same published species) from 2.3 to 2.8%. Thus, it might be possible that the green water dragons of Phu Quoc island are evolving into a specific subspecies. However, more green water dragon specimens from Phu Quoc should be sequenced to ensure a conclusion and further research into farming should be initiated to protect this vulnerable species.
36
Ozbayrak, Mehmet, Tim Todd, Timothy Harris, Rebecca Higgins, Kirsten Powers, Peter Mullin, Lisa Sutton e Thomas Powers. "A COI DNA barcoding survey of Pratylenchus species in the Great Plains Region of North America". Journal of Nematology 51 (2019): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2019-081.
37
Nagel, Lynette, e Theuns G. Kotzé. "Supersizing e-learning: What a CoI survey reveals about teaching presence in a large online class". Internet and Higher Education 13, n.º 1-2 (janeiro de 2010): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2009.12.001.
38
Nuryanto, Agus, Rani Eva Dewi e Hendro Pramono. "Genetic Homogenity of Commerson’s Anchovy (Stolephorus commersonnii) in Segara Anakan Cilacap Central Java Inferred from PCR-RFLP Markers". Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi 7, n.º 1 (30 de junho de 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/bio.v7i1.6352.
Resumo:
Commerson’s anchovy (Stolephorus commersonnii) is a small pelagic fish that live in a group and its existence is very abundant in Segara Anakan Cilacap. This anchovy is widely consumed by communities live around Segara Anakan. This leads to a high exploitation rate. Exploited populations generally have low genetic diversity. This study aims to evaluate genetic diversity of commerson’s anchovy population in Segara Anakan Cilacap inferred from PCR-RFLP of the cytochrome c oxidase 1 (CO1) gene. This study was conducted from January to April 2018 and used survey method by applying random sampling. As many as 30 samples of anchovy were taken. Genomic mtDNA was isolated using modified Chelex method. Partial sequences of the COI gene were amplified using a pair forward commercially available primer. The lengths of 650 base pair of the PCR products were digested with four restriction enzymes. The HindIII enzyme produces PCR-RFLP fragment with the size of 416 bp and 234 bp lengths, VspI produces 435 bp and 214 bp, CO1-TaqI produces 556 bp and 94 bp and RsaI produces 319 bp, 183 bp, and 148 bp fragments, respectively. The PCR-RFLP fragments were obtained from all samples but they produced uniform band pattern for all 30 anchovy individuals. These results indicated that the anchovy population in Segara Anakan Cilacap has monomorphic allele for all PCR-RFLP markers. Hence, it can be concluded that genetic homogenity was observed on anchovy population in Segara Anakan Cilacap as inferred from PCR-RFLP COI gene.
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Riechelmann, Rachel P., Lisa Wang, Aoife O'Carroll e Monika K. Krzyzanowska. "Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest by Authors of Clinical Trials and Editorials in Oncology". Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, n.º 29 (10 de outubro de 2007): 4642–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.11.2482.
Resumo:
Purpose There is concern that financial relationships between sponsors and investigators may bias research results. Our objective was to evaluate the epidemiology of conflicts of interest (COIs) among authors of clinical trials and editorials in oncology and the relationship between COI disclosure and source of funding. Methods We did a cross-sectional survey of clinical trials and editorials of anticancer agents and supportive care medications published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology (JCO) during a 1-year period. Results Of 1,533 articles published in JCO between January 1, 2005, and January 31, 2006, 332 met our inclusion criteria; 289 (87%) were clinical trials, and 43 (13%) were editorials. The pharmaceutical industry entirely or partially funded 44% of the clinical trials. At least one COI was disclosed in 69% of clinical trials and 51% of editorials. The most common types of COI reported by authors were consultancy fees, honoraria, and research funds. The highest monetary levels of interest reported by authors were for research grants, but the majority of authors with COIs received less than US$10,000. In multivariable analysis, authors of clinical trials conducted in North America (North America v Europe: odds ratio [OR] = 2.9, P = .002) and authors of trials funded entirely (industry only v nonprofit: OR = 13.8, P < .001) or partially (both industry and nonprofit v nonprofit only: OR = 5.8, P < .001) by industry were more likely to report personal COIs. Conclusion COIs are common in clinical cancer research and usually take the form of consultancy fees, honoraria, and research funds. Source of study funding was significantly associated with COI disclosure.
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BARRANTES, EDWIN A. BARRANTES, MARCO A. ZUMBADO ECHAVARRIA, CHARLES R. BARTLETT, ERICKA E. HELMICK e BRIAN W. BAHDER. "A new species of planthopper in the genus Haplaxius (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea: Cixiidae) from coconut palm (Cocos nucifera) in Costa Rica". Zootaxa 4963, n.º 3 (20 de abril de 2021): 412–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4963.3.2.
Resumo:
Haplaxius is a large genus of cixiid planthoppers that is widespread in the New World and economically important due to the role of H. crudus in transmitting palm lethal decline phytoplasmas. A new species of Haplaxius, here described as Haplaxius pocococo sp. n., was discovered during survey work on palms in north-central Costa Rica. Placement in Haplaxius is supported by sequence analysis of the COI and 18S genes relative to congeners and by morphological characters.
41
Rodríguez-Cabello, C., M. Pérez e F. Sánchez. "New records of chondrichthyans species caught in the Cantabrian Sea (southern Bay of Biscay)". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 93, n.º 7 (3 de abril de 2013): 1929–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315413000271.
Resumo:
Seventeen chondrichthyan species were caught in the Cantabrian Sea (southern Bay of Biscay) during a multidisciplinary survey carried out in the Avilés canyon system in May 2011. This survey provided the first records of three species (Galeus murinus, Neoraja iberica, and Neoraja caerulea) in these waters, and a further record of Rajella kukujevi. To confirm the identity of these species, the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) of the specimens was sequenced. Genetic analyses revealed that the DNA sequences of the two Neoraja species were identical in all the specimens analysed. Morphometric analyses, based on 40 characters, showed 3.66% dissimilarity between the two species. The morphometric character that contributed most to this discrepancy was disc width.
42
Cyr, Frédéric, Annie Paquet, André L. Martel e Bernard Angers. "Cryptic lineages and hybridization in freshwater mussels of the genus Pyganodon (Unionidae) in northeastern North America". Canadian Journal of Zoology 85, n.º 12 (dezembro de 2007): 1216–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z07-104.
Resumo:
The distribution of freshwater mussels Pyganodon Crosse and P. Fischer, 1894 traditionally inferred from morphological characters was validated by a genetic characterization of the genus within the Quebec peninsula. Individuals were identified by comparing the sequences from the female mitochondrial genome (COI and 16S) with those of reference individuals, while hybridization was assessed with male mitochondrial (COI and COII) and nuclear genomes (ITS1 and ITS2). The results confirmed most of the previous morphological identifications but revealed unexpected results. Both male and female mitochondrial genomes support the distinction between Pyganodon fragilis (Lamarck, 1819) and Pyganodon cataracta (Say, 1817). However, only one lineage of Pyganodon grandis (Say, 1829), instead of the two expected, was detected in the sampled area. The genetic survey also revealed the presence of two unidentified Pyganodon lineages, previously unreported within the Quebec peninsula. These extremely rare lineages harbour the signature of ancestral hybridizations. Finally, recent divergence and hybridizations make shell characters only partially efficient in discriminating Pyganodon lineages.
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Vaughn, Stephanie A., Marsha Orr e Nik Gorman. "Student’s Perceptions of Social Presence in an On-Line Course Using Student Presentation Software". International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 3, n.º 7 (31 de julho de 2015): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol3.iss7.395.
Resumo:
On-line education offers flexibility for today’s learner; however, they may perceive a lack of presence and engagement in this environment. Using the Community of Inquiry Model (COI) comprised of teacher, cognitive, and social presence, the authors examined perceptions of social presence among nursing students enrolled in five on-line courses. They also explored whether the use of oral/video software as a teaching strategy enhanced social presence. A SocialPresence Scale developed by Gunawardena and adapted by Cobb was used to survey students. Findings revealed a significant relationship between social presence and instructor satisfaction; and the number of different interactive teaching techniques employed by the instructor, such as introductions with texts and pictures. The use of oral/video software, YouSeeYou®, was also noted to foster social presence among the respondents. As the components of the COI Model are interdependent, it was found that all three are needed to support student learning goals.
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Al-Saggaf, Mohammad Ali, e Amierah Syazwaniey Rosli. "The Level of Community of Inquiry (CoI) Presences in Online Classes among MSU BTESL Students". TESOL and Technology Studies 2, n.º 1 (30 de março de 2021): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.48185/tts.v2i1.175.
Resumo:
Community of Inquiry (CoI) is a framework that acknowledges the importance of the environment in shaping the educational experience. According to this framework, teaching, social, and cognitive presences are essential for an optimal online learning experience. The purpose of this study is to identify the level of each of these presences in online classes among Management and Science University (MSU) Bachelor in Education – TESL (Hons). The instrument used for the research tool was adapted from the original CoI framework survey, (Arbaugh et al, 2008). The questionnaire consists of 20 items; six items for teaching presence, another six items for social presence and eight items for the cognitive presence. 263 students who are currently doing the programme participated in the study. The findings concluded that, all three presences are present in high or strong level in online classes among MSU BTESL students with the most substantial presence in online classes among MSU BTESL students being the cognitive presence, followed by the teaching presence and lastly the social presence.
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BARRANTES, EDWIN A., MARCO A. ZUMBADO ECHAVARRIA, CHARLES R. BARTLETT, ERICKA E. HELMICK, PAIGE CUMMINS, MARINA S. ASCUNCE e BRIAN W. BAHDER. "A new species of planthopper in the genus Anotia Kirby (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Derbidae) from coconut palm in Costa Rica". Zootaxa 4763, n.º 1 (8 de abril de 2020): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4763.1.4.
Resumo:
An ongoing survey for planthoppers associated with palms in the Caribbean basin is being conducted with current efforts on the Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica. In an expedition in June of 2019, a derbid was found on coconut palms in Alajuela province and was determined to be a new species belonging to the genus Anotia. The novel taxon is described and named Anotia firebugia Bahder & Bartlett sp. n. Additionally, molecular barcode data (COI) is provided for the newly described taxon.
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ECHAVARRIA, MARCO A. ZUMBADO, EDWIN A. BARRANTES BARRANTES, CHARLES R. BARTLETT, ERICKA E. HELMICK e BRIAN W. BAHDER. "A new planthopper species in the genus Omolicna (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Derbidae) from the Reserva Privada el Silencio de Los Angeles Cloud Forest in Costa Rica". Zootaxa 4975, n.º 2 (25 de maio de 2021): 357–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4975.2.6.
Resumo:
Recent survey work on palms in Costa Rica has resulted in the discovery of several new species of Derbidae, especially in the Cenchreini. During a recent expedition, specimens collected by light trapping at the Hotel Villa Blanca (cloud forest) were determined to be a novel species of Omolicna Fennah. Sequence data was generated for the novel taxon for the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 18S loci. Pairwise analyses and phylogenetic analyses support placement of the novel taxon in Omolicna.
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BAHDER, BRIAN W., EDWIN A. BARRANTES BARRANTES, MARCO A. ZUMBADO ECHAVARRIA, DE-FEN MOU, ERICKA E. HELMICK e CHARLES R. BARTLETT. "A new species of planthopper in the genus Haplaxius (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea: Cixiidae) on palms in Costa Rica and a new country record for Haplaxius skarphion". Zootaxa 4767, n.º 4 (29 de abril de 2020): 543–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4767.4.4.
Resumo:
The genus Haplaxius is a large taxon of cixiid planthoppers that is of economic importance due to the ability of Haplaxius crudus to transmit lethal yellowing in coconut palms. Haplaxius dougwalshi sp. n. is established as a new taxon of Cixiidae in the tribe Oecleini collected from native palms in lowland tropical rainforest in Costa Rica. Placement in the genus Haplaxius is supported both by molecular evidence based on the COI and 18S genes as well as by morphological characters. This novel taxon was discovered during survey work in Costa Rica to look for phytoplasmas and document planthopper diversity on palms. Furthermore, Haplaxius skarphion was also collected from coconut palms during survey work and is reported for the first time in Costa Rica.
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BAHDER, BRIAN W., DE-FEN MOU, CHARLES R. BARTLETT, ERICKA E. HELMICK, ASSUNTA BERTACCINI e WAYNE MYRIE. "A new species of planthopper in the genus Agoo Bahder & Bartlett (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Derbidae) from coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.) in Jamaica". Zootaxa 4853, n.º 2 (22 de setembro de 2020): 254–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4853.2.6.
Resumo:
A new species of the genus Agoo Bahder & Bartlett, Agoo beani sp. n. was found associated with coconut (Cocos nucifera L., Arecaceae) in Jamaica. This species was discovered as part of a survey of the Caribbean basin to document planthopper diversity on palms. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 18S sequence data strongly support placement of the new species in Agoo. The morphological features of Omolicna cocoana Rodriguez-Leon & Hidalgo-Gato from Cuba are reviewed and this species transferred into the genus Agoo.
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Asalla, Lydiawati Kosasih, Naova Maria e Rainer Hannesto. "Pengaruh Penerapan Coi Framework pada Pembelajaran Online Terhadap Peningkatan Pemahaman (Subkategori Cognitive Presence) Mahasiswa". ComTech: Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications 5, n.º 1 (30 de junho de 2014): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/comtech.v5i1.2614.
Resumo:
This study aims to discuss some of considerations in education to achieve good quality in learning instruction. The indicator is student’s comprehension increasing through the use of technological advances such as electronic learning (E-Learning) on social media and using Community of Inquiry (CoI) model as a comparative study to improve the quality of E-Learning program. The data used in this study were obtained through survey to intended students and literature study. Final conclusion of this study is a proposal to teachers on an interactive learning and rich of knowledge that will improve the learner’s comprehension.
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Fattah, Layla, Inga Peter, Jenny Lin e Janice Lynn Gabrilove. "4468 Evaluating the Emerging Investigators Website as an Educational Resource for Early Career Researchers". Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 4, s1 (junho de 2020): 61–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2020.211.
Resumo:
OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The aim of this project is to assess the usability and acceptance of a web-based educational resource for early career researchers. The Emerging Investigators website is designed to bring together resources, provide educational support and foster a community of early career researchers throughout the Mount Sinai Health System (MSHS). Locally designed and built, this web-based platform is developed using the principles of Community of Inquiry (COI), which considers how the design of online learning environments might best create and sustain a sense of community among learners. Developing a resource that meets the needs of this cohort of researchers requires an iterative implementation strategy guided by user feedback. A formal website roll-out strategy and accompanied evaluation aims to determine the design, navigability, content, relevance and educational value of this online resource from a user perspective. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: In order to ensure this resource effectively meets the needs of this cohort of researchers, a mixed process of evaluation and design was utilized. An initial phase 1 survey was conducted with TL1 and KL2 scholars. Surveys consisted of standardized questions with answers arranged as Likert-type scales and additional written responses to collect valuable qualitative data. A convenience sample of early career researchers at Mount Sinai were contacted for initial survey participation (N = 10). A total of 3 junior faculty KL2 scholars, 3 TL1 post-doc and 4 TL1 pre-doc scholars responded to the survey. Participants were initially asked to comment on design, functionality and usefulness of content on a Likert scale with qualitative comments to support the given scores. They were subsequently asked to consider what key topics or resources were missing from the website. Based on the initial survey, changes were made to the format and content of the Emerging Investigators website to improve content relevance and usability. For phase 2, an evaluation rubric was developed to assess design, navigability, content, relevance, along with three key COI criteria to determine the educational value of this online resource. The rubric will be utilized to collect feedback in the wider phase 2 roll out of the website. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The first phase of survey feedback shaped overall design of the resource. The second phase will comprehensively evaluate the value of the website in the context of teaching and learning for emerging investigators. Ten surveys were captured in the first phase. Data collection is ongoing for the second phase. Phase 1 feedback was primarily qualitative, and valuable in informing overall design choices and content. Overall the website was well received, with participants commenting on the value of the resource in terms of content and educational value. Participants particularly appreciated the regularly updated calendar function and the links provided to a wide range of resources. Functionality issues, such as broken links, were reported by participants and repaired for phase 2. Further topics of content were identified, and additional links and multimedia resources were added to address this feedback. The second phase evaluation is ongoing with data collection being conducted via an evaluation rubric. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The Emerging Investigators website, developed using the principles of COI provides key learning, reading and resources for early career investigators in a format that is well received by a sample group of early career researchers at Mount Sinai. The website has aimed to address the reported need for communication, collaboration and social interaction with peers and other researchers across the MSHS through the addition of further web-based resources such as a LinkedIn page, a blog to feature research and provide a sounding board for research efforts, and a calendar of events targeted specifically at early career researchers. These were highlighted as areas of particular value by the participants. We anticipate the results of phase 2 rubric-based evaluations will provide actionable data that will lead to further refinement of the website, an optimized interface, and improved usability.