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Cáceres-Lorenzo, María-Teresa. "Colour naming and use preferences in Spanish text typologies (1492−1700)". Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 123, n.º 2 (23 de dezembro de 2022): 61–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.51814/nm.112068.
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This article is intended to provide a quantitative analysis of colour names and their appearance in certain text typologies between 1492 and 1700. The terms for colour increased in Spain’s Golden Age because of the need to describe Spanish and American reality in detail. A review of the specialised literature has provided us with a lexicon of 499 terms of which 277 colour words are recorded in Golden Age documents according to various diachronic corpora. The method for collecting and analysing texts has provided a lexicon of 66 terms for colour with different degrees of preference for a specific type of document. In addition, 23 of these words have been found to indicate greater numerical specialisation by typology. These lexical units are mediaeval terms used especially in scientific prose and lyric, followed by historiography and society prose. These quantitative data represent the initial stage of research to which other issues must be added in the future such as the context in which these terms appear and the semantic changes that occur in each of the texts.
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Guz, Marzena. "Kolory w reportażach Melchiora Wańkowicza. Reportaże z części Kraj lat dziecinnych w tomie Anoda i katoda". Białostockie Archiwum Językowe, n.º 22 (2022): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/baj.2022.22.07.
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This study analyses the names of the colours used by the author of the reportages. The research method is based on finding answers to the following questions: What colours does the author write about? Which of them prevail? What do they refer to? What stylistic functions do the names of the colours fulfill? What names appear in various colour fields? What parts of speech are the colours represented by? The lexicon of colour words in the reportages under consideration is quite rich. Colours are related to people, animals, plants, landscapes and artefacts, and their function is to describe the appearance of the characters and their beauty, depict their clothing and their mental state, portray the reality of the Borderlands, mainly the landscape. Most often, they are used as epithets. The names in the colour field are not ifferentiated. Colours are most often represented by adjectives, less frequently by nouns, verbs, active and passive participles and adverbs. Occasionally, adjectival compounds are used.
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Andrick, Gail Rex, e Helen Tager-Flusberg. "The acquisition of colour terms". Journal of Child Language 13, n.º 1 (fevereiro de 1986): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900000337.
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ABSTRACTThe acquisition of colour terms in pre-school-aged children was investigated in two studies. The first study explored the role of conceptual factors in 2-, 3- and 4-year-old children's performance on two tasks. Comprehension and production of basic colour words were tested using stimuli that varied in focality. The results confirmed earlier research demonstrating the important and early influence of focality on children's colour concepts and developing colour lexicon. However, only moderate support was obtained for the order-of-acquisition hypothesis proposed by Berlin & Kay (1969). Quite large discrepancies between comprehension and production were found in this study, with no clear relationship between these two performances. In the second study the role of maternal input on children's learning of colour words was investigated, using the spontaneous speech transcripts from Adam, Eve and Sarah. Significant correlations between mothers' and children's uses of specific colour words were found across all three subjects. The findings from both studies confirm that both conceptual and environmental factors are important in shaping the child's developing colour concepts and colour lexicon, particularly for mapping out the boundaries of the basic colour spaces, which are culturally, rather than innately, determined.
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Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Maria. "Semantic maps and temperature: Capturing the lexicon-grammar interface across languages". Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft 41, n.º 1 (1 de junho de 2022): 125–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfs-2021-2042.
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Abstract Traditionally, lexical typology has to a large extent been interested in lexical categorization of various cognitive domains (e. g., colour, perception, body), i. e., in how these are cut up by the most important words in a language, and in lexical motivation, or formal relatedness, i. e., in whether words for certain concepts are completely unrelated or related to others via polysemy or derivation (e. g., intransitive vs. transitive verbs, words for ‘day’ and ‘sun’, etc.). Grammatical behavior of words and morphosyntactic patterns as encoding meanings traditionally belong to grammatical typology. In this paper, I consider the domain of temperature and show how the close interaction between lexicon and grammar in the encoding of the temperature domain across languages calls for an integrated lexico-grammatical approach to these phenomena. As a useful tool for such an enterprise I suggest an elaborated semantic map comprising three layers – the layer specifying the words with the information on their mutual formal relations (i. e., whether they are identical, completely unrelated or related via derivation or inflection), their morphosyntactic properties (e. g., their part-of-speech affiliation, inflectional potential, etc.), and the constructions they occur in.
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Espinosa Zaragoza, Isabel. "Colour and gender: language nuances". Feminismo/s, n.º 38 (13 de julho de 2021): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/fem.2021.38.05.
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It is a deeply rooted belief that women possess a richer colour vocabulary than men (Rich, 1977). According to Lakoff, certain adjectives denoting colour (e.g. mauve) would never be naturally chosen by men unless they were «imitating a woman sarcastically, or a homosexual, or an interior decorator» (1973, p. 49). Are these affirmations adjusted to our present reality? Nowadays, colour is present in almost every economic sector. Consequently, a proficient use of colour vocabulary is expected from professionals, regardless of their gender. Hence, if the differences in colour vocabulary are learnt and highly dependent on the user’s necessities and expectations, then said differences after globalisation and exposure to the Internet should not be so striking. With this objective in mind, this study analyses colour elicitation performed by university students. Both their descriptive capacity and colour lexicon availability are measured depending on students’ colour terms usage. Furthermore, potential reasons for variation are provided.
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Jakovljev, Ivana, e Suncica Zdravkovic. "The colour lexicon of the Serbian language - a study of dark blue and dark red colour categories Part 1: Colour-term elicitation task". Psihologija 51, n.º 2 (2018): 197–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi160521002j.
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In this study, we linguistically investigated Serbian colour terminology. We administrated colourterm elicitation task aiming to establish the inventory of basic colour terms (BCTs) in the Serbian language and, in particular, to investigate the salience and the status of colour terms teget ?dark blue? and bordo ?dark red?. Native speakers of Serbian (N = 83) participated in a list task (Morgan & Corbett, 1989), in which they had to list as many Serbian colour terms as possible during five minutes. Based on the collected data, we calculated frequency of each term, its mean position and two indexes of salience. Results showed that 11 Serbian most salient colour terms correspond to the eleven BCTs found by Berlin and Kay (1969), namely, plavo ?blue?, crveno ?red?, zuto ?yellow?, zeleno ?green?, crno ?black?, belo ?white?, ljubicasto ?purple?, narandzasto ?orange?, sivo ?grey?, roze ?pink?, and braon ?brown?, but that basic status of braon needs to be further examined. Teget ?dark blue? and bordo ?dark red?, along with tirkizno ?turquoise? and oker ?ochre? were frequently used, with higher salience indices than other non-BCTs. Further research is needed to find out whether teget and bordo meet criteria of BCTs in the Serbian language.
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Claidière, Nicolas, Yasmina Jraissati e Coralie Chevallier. "A Colour Sorting Task Reveals the Limits of the Universalist/Relativist Dichotomy: Colour Categories Can Be Both Language Specific and Perceptual". Journal of Cognition and Culture 8, n.º 3-4 (2008): 211–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853708x358155.
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AbstractWe designed a new protocol requiring French adult participants to group a large number of Munsell colour chips into three or four groups. On one, relativist, view, participants would be expected to rely on their colour lexicon in such a task. In this framework, the resulting groups should be more similar to French colour categories than to other languages categories. On another, universalist, view, participants would be expected to rely on universal features of perception. In this second framework, the resulting groups should match colour categories of three and four basic terms languages. In this work, we first collected data to build an accurate map of French colour terms categories (Experiment 1). We went on testing how native French speakers spontaneously sorted a set of randomly presented coloured chips and, in line with the relativist prediction, we found that the resulting colour groups were more similar to French colour categories than to three and four basic terms languages (Experiment 2). However, the same results were obtained in a verbal interference condition (Experiment 3), suggesting that participants rely on language specific and nevertheless perceptual, colour categories. Collectively, these results suggest that the universalist/relativist dichotomy is a too narrow one.
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Grossmann, Maria, e Paolo d’Achille. "I termini di colore nelle aree bianco, nero e grigio nella storia dell’italiano". Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philologia 67, n.º 1 (25 de março de 2022): 155–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbphilo.2022.1.10.
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"Colour Terms in the WHITE, BLACK and GRAY Areas in the History of the Italian Language. The present article is part of several studies that the authors have dedicated to the history of Italian colour terms. The Introduction illustrates some of the theses of Berlin, Kay (1969), with particular reference to the distinction between basic and non-basic terms. § 2 is dedicated to the Latin colour terms in the WHITE, BLACK and GRAY areas and their reflexes in the Romance languages. In § 3 the resources used for the research are presented. In §§ 3.1. (From Old Italian to the 19th century) and 3.2. (From the end of the 19th century to today’s Italian) the historical evolution and contemporary use of basic terms and other non-transparent colour terms are analyzed, also focusing on their figurative meanings and on the fixed collocations in which they occur. § 3.3. deals briefly with the terms formed by means of various morphological and syntactic devices that are most frequently used in Italian for the enrichment of the colour lexicon. Keywords: semantics, word-formation, colour terms, Italian "
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Chiknaverova, Karine G. "APPROACHES TO TRANSLATING LEGAL VOCABULARY CONTAINING COLOUR ADJECTIVES INTO RUSSIAN". Bulletin of Chelyabinsk State University 487, n.º 5 (16 de julho de 2024): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47475/1994-2796-2024-487-5-15-25.
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Research on color-denoting adjectives primarily focuses on describing color designations in individual languages, historical contexts, and literary genres. There are fewer results based on professional texts, and color-denoting adjectives within legal texts have not been thoroughly studied. The goal of this article is to complement existing research by describing the semantic characteristics of color components found in legal lexicon and their translation into Russian. To analyze the semantic and structural composition of terms containing color-related components, we applied a method of continuous sampling and cluster analysis. Additionally, we used a compara-tive-contrastive analysis to examine translation methods for selected lexical units into Russian. Our sources included English-English, bilingual dictionaries of legal terms and encyclopedias. The study identifi ed ten colors refl ected in various terms used in legal communication. We described their quantitative and structural characteristics, com-ponent-based semantic composition, and established translation methods. The identifi ed lexical units encompass verbs, nouns (including compound nouns), adjectives, and fi xed expressions. We identifi ed relationships of contrast, complete equivalence, shifts in meaning, and unrelated meanings within their semantic fi elds. The research fi ndings can be applied in legal translation courses, particularly for analyzing vocabulary characterized by metaphorical transfer and idiomatic expressions. Nearly all units have been translated resorting to multiple translation techniques, although their frequency of use varies. In total, we identifi ed 22 translation methods, including subtypes. Most terms are translated through calque and explanatory translation. Some terms are translated with the help of a combination of translation methods, primarily involving calquing, identifi cation of their equivalents, or descriptive translation.
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D’Achille, Paolo, e Maria Grossmann. "Storia dei termini di colore italiani nell'area ROSA". Globe: A Journal of Language, Culture and Communication 17 (18 de dezembro de 2023): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/ojs.globe.v17i.8195.
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This article is part of a series of studies that the authors have dedicated to the history of Italian colourterminology. §1. highlights some of the theses of Berlin & Kay (1969) and other scholars, with particularreference to the distinction between basic and non-basic terms. §2. is dedicated to the history of colour termsin the PINK area from Old Italian to contemporary Italian, and to the emergence of rosa as a basic colour term.This section also delves into their figurative meanings and the fixed collocations in which they occur. §3. dealswith the terms formed by means of morphological devices that are most frequently used in Italian to enrich thecolor lexicon.
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Jakovljev, Ivana, e Suncica Zdravkovic. "The colour lexicon of the Serbian language - a study of dark blue and dark red colour categories Part 2: Categorical facilitation with Serbian colour terms". Psihologija 51, n.º 3 (2018): 289–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi171115018j.
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Part 1 of this study (Jakovljev & Zdravkovic, 2018) isolated two frequent and salient non- BCTs in the Serbian language: teget ?dark blue? and bordo ?dark red?, that segregate the blue and the red part of the colour space respectively. Now we conducted two experiments to additionally test the cognitive salience of these terms, investigating whether they can produce the category effects in a colour discrimination task. We demonstrated within? and between-participants agreement about the placement of the boundary in the blue and the red part of the colour space, additionally showing that Serbian speakers have distinctive representations of these categories. Analysis of RT in the discrimination task showed category effects ? participants were faster when discriminating colour pairs that belong to different linguistic categories than the pairs from the same category. These results for the first time demonstrated category effect in the Serbian language as well as the category effect in speeded discrimination of the red part of the colour space for any language. They also support views that category effect is linked to higher cognitive processes; hence it can be language specific.
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Kravtsova, І. А., e S. P. Svincova. "PSYCHOLOGICAL-PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS OF DEVELOPMENT SPEECH OF FIRST GRADE STUDENTS BY SMALL MEANS FOLKLORE GENRES". Educational Dimension 14 (26 de maio de 2022): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/educdim.5717.
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The aims of the lessons in the Ukrainian language, which are enlarging and activization of lexicon, forming and developing of the skills o f oral and written spuch, supplying of the mental development of pupils, are defined on the present stouge of the new junior school's development.
The most important device of influence on a child is beauty and magnificence, power and expressiveness of native words. Children can understand the dupest colour of words through the words the beauty enters their souls.
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Darıcı, Merve, Koray Özcan, Duygu Beypınar e Turgut Cabaroglu. "Sensory Lexicon and Major Volatiles of Rakı Using Descriptive Analysis and GC-FID/MS". Foods 10, n.º 7 (28 de junho de 2021): 1494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10071494.
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Rakı is a traditional and Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) alcoholic beverage that is distilled from grape distillate with Pimpinella anisum L. in copper pot stills in Turkey. This study focused on the development of a sensory lexicon, a sensory wheel, using a consensus approach and the determination of major volatiles by GC-FID/MS for Rakı. A total of 37 Rakı samples representing all producers were used for volatile and sensory evaluation. The experts identified 78 attributes and references for the lexicon. The main attributes were spicy, anise, sweet, resinous, fruity, dry fruit, floral, head&tail aroma and white colour. The Rakı sensory wheel was created to provide a graphical display of its sensory attributes. For validation of the lexicon, 18 samples were evaluated using descriptive analysis. The results were subjected to PCA to examine the relationship of the samples with the defined sensory attributes. The PCA results show that there is a significant relationship between the Rakı categories and sensory terms and flavour intensities. The GC-MS analyses depicted the following major volatile compounds n-propanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 2 and 3-methyl-1-butanol, ethyl-acetate, acetal, acetaldehyde, trans-anethol and estragole. The characterization of the product using its most distinctive sensory descriptors are important tool and can be used for the industry, marketing, consumer education and scientists.
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Dyrkheeva, G. A. "On Some Features of Language Consciousness Transformation (The Case of Colour Lexicon in the Buryat Language)". Humanitarian Vector 12, n.º 5 (2017): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2017-12-5-28-34.
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Sudasna, P., S. Luksaneeyanawin e D. Burnham. "The Influence of Second Language Experience in the Pattern of Language Processing of the Bilingual Lexicon". MANUSYA 5, n.º 1 (2002): 79–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-00501006.
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The present experimental research studies whether Thai-English bilinguals’ language experience in their non-native language influences the pattern of language processing of the bilingual lexicon. Two groups of 100 native Thai bilingual speakers with high or low English language experience were asked to perform Stroop Interference Tasks, with the processing of word forms being either Thai or English and the processing in colour naming also being either Thai or English. The results showed that when the processing of word forms was in Thai, there was more intra- than interlingual interference, and that the degree of interference was equivalent between the two English experience groups. When the processing of word forms was in English, the high and the low groups showed more intra- than interlingual interference; however, the high group showed more interference than the low group did. The results provide evidence that the maximal interference occurs in the processing of the first language and the interference in the processing of the second language is proportional to L2 language experience. The results suggest that there is a relationship between language experience and language processing of the bilingual lexicon.
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Li, Wenwen. "Lexical peculiarities of the description of natural objects of Moscow and Moscow suburbs (based on the articles of N.M. Karamzin in the journal "Vestnik Evropy" in 1802-1803)." Litera, n.º 7 (julho de 2024): 208–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2024.7.71309.
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The object of the study is the lexicon used in the descriptions of natural objects in the articles published by N. M. Karamzin in the journal "Vestnik Europa" in 1802-1803. During this period, the Russian language was at a turning point in its development, the journal "Vestnik Europa" was one of the most influential in Russia at that time, and N. M. Karamzin's works as the editor not only expanded the knowledge of nature and culture for the people of Moscow, but also showed his unique understanding and ways of its linguistic expression. This study examines three types of natural objects: water, land surface relief elements and areas of vegetation. The aim of the study is to establish the lexical features of the description of natural objects of Moscow and Moscow suburbs in these articles. This study combines descriptive and historical-comparative methods of linguistic analysis of N. M. Karamzin's articles. As a result of this research it was established that N. M. Karamzin describes natural objects in such a way as to inform the reader about the natural characteristics of the objects (size, length, colour, height, etc.), the changes occurring with them (appearance, disappearance, etc.), the influence of human activity on them and their role in human life. In addition, the vocabulary used by N. M. Karamzin is analysed, including common nouns and proper nouns, adjectives and descriptive constructions, and the traditionality of the lexicon for naming natural objects is established, and the peculiarities of paragraphemics are determined. The results of the study are relevant for linguistics and literary studies and open new perspectives for understanding the perception and attitude to natural objects in the Russian society of the early XIX century.
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Goncharova, O. V., e M. A. Lyashenko. "Synthesis of classical and digital approaches to the study of special lexis in the fashion & clothing fields". Current Issues in Philology and Pedagogical Linguistics, n.º 1 (25 de março de 2025): 119–31. https://doi.org/10.29025/2079-6021-2025-1-119-131.
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The relevance of the study stems from the dynamic transformation of the “Fashion” and “Clothing” special lexical systems under globalization and digitalization, which requires a synthesis of qualitative analysis of cultural nuances and quantitative processing of big data. Traditional linguistic methods, such as componential and comparative analysis, have limited scalability, while digital technologies (NLP, graph models) offer new opportunities for studying semantic shifts and cross-cultural borrowings. The aim of the paper is to systematize methods for analyzing the special lexical system through the integration of classical approaches with NLP algorithms, large language models (BERT), and graph-based methods. Materials and methods included latent semantic analysis (LSA) to identify thematic patterns in a corpus of historical and modern texts, BERT neural network models for analyzing polysemy and diachronic shifts of special lexemes, and graph models to visualize connections in the ASOS dataset. Results revealed that LSA uncovered oppositions such as “historical vs. contemporary lexicon” and “exclusivity vs. functionality”, confirming the cultural peculiarities of special lexis. The BERT model demonstrated the dynamics of meaning, in particular, the evolution of the special lexeme denim from workwear to sustainable fashion. Graph models visualized attribute clusters (colour, fabric) and bridge nodes, such as the special lexeme drape, reflecting structural connections within the special lexical system. The conclusion emphasizes that the combined approach enhances scalability and contextual sensitivity of analysis, opening prospects for trend forecasting and cross-cultural studies. Limitations relate to the need for verifying automated methods through qualitative analysis, while future directions include integrating temporal parameters into graph models and applying multilingual LLMs.
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Посокина, Наталья Евгеньевна, Ольга Владимировна Бессараб, Ольга Вячеславовна Карастоянова e Ирина Викторовна Протункевич. "Development of a sensory analysis algorithm for evaluating the royal champignons shelf life using the descriptors lexicon". Food processing industry, n.º 10 (27 de setembro de 2022): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.52653/ppi.2022.10.10.019.
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Культивируемые шампиньоны включают три вида: белый (с неокрашенным эпителием шляпки), светло-коричневый crimini и коричневый (каштановый) portobello . В России шампиньоны с коричневой окраской шляпки принято называть «королевскими». Сенсорные свойства свежих королевских шампиньонов недостаточно изучены и освещены в литературных источниках. Целью настоящего исследования являлась разработка алгоритма сенсорного анализа для оценки срока годности грибов Аgaricus bisporus, имеющих коричневую шляпку. Сенсорный анализ проводили комиссией в составе 9 человек с применением дескрипторно-профильного метода. Для описания изменений, происходящих в процессе хранения шампиньонов, был разработан лексикон дескрипторов, включающий следующие показатели: «Внешний вид», «Структура», «Цвет», «Запах целого гриба» и «Запах на разрезе». Изменения по дескрипторам характеризовали посредством шестибалльной шкалы, где «5 баллов» соответствуют отсутствию признаков порчи, а «0 баллов» - непригодности для употребления и переработки. Королевские шампиньоны были заложены на холодильное хранение при температуре 5±1 °С с выемками на 0-, 3-, 7- и 10-е сут. По каждой выемке был проведен сенсорный анализ. По результатам дегустаций были построены условные профили: частичные по каждому из показателей и обобщённый профиль. Анализ динамики площадей профилей показал, что в процессе хранения наблюдается снижение балльных оценок по всем органолептическим показателям и общей оценки по выемкам, что отражает ухудшение качества грибов. Динамика по показателям «Запах цельного гриба» и «Цвет» соответствует динамике общей оценки. Следовательно, цвет и аромат грибов являются основными факторами в формировании общей оценки. Динамика площадей профилей по показателям «Внешний вид» и «Структура» соответствуют друг другу, из чего следует их взаимосвязь. По результатам проведённого исследования был разработан алгоритм оценки качества королевских шампиньонов в процессе хранения с применением дескрипторно-профильного метода. Подтверждена применимость разработанного лексикона дескрипторов для комплексного сенсорного анализа при оценке сроков годности королевских шампиньонов в соответствии с ГОСТ ISO 16779-2017 «Органолептический анализ. Оценка (определение и верификация) срока годности пищевой продукции». Cultivated champignons include three types: white (with uncolored cap epithelium), light brown crimini and brown (chestnut) portobello. In Russia, champignons with a brown cap are called royal. Sensory properties of fresh royal champignons are insufficiently studied and covered in literary sources. The aim of this study was to develop a sensory analysis algorithm for evaluating the shelf life of brown-capped Agaricus bisporus mushrooms. Sensory analysis was carried out by a commission of 9 people using the descriptor-profile method. To describe the changes that occur during the storage of champignons, a lexicon of descriptors was developed, including the following indicators: Visual appearance, Structure, Colour, Flavourl of the whole mushroom and Flavour on the cut mushrooms. Changes in descriptors were characterized by a six-score scale, where 5 score correspond to the absence of signs of spoilage, and 0 score - unsuitability for consumption and processing. Royal champignons were put into cold storage at a temperature of 5±1 °С with seizures for 0, 3, 7 and 10 days. Sensory analysis was carried out for each seizure. Based on the results of the tastings, nominal profiles were built: partial for each of the indicators and a general profile. An analysis of the dynamics of the areas of the profiles showed that during storage there was a decrease in the scores for all sensor indicators and the overall score for the recesses, which reflects the deterioration in the quality of mushrooms. The indicators dynamics Flavour of whole mushroom and Colour corresponds to the dynamics of the overall assessment. Therefore, the colour and flavour of mushrooms is one of the main factors in shaping the overall score. Dynamics of profile areas in terms of Visual appearance and Structure correspond to each other, which implies their relationship. Based on the study results, an algorithm was developed for assessing the royal champignons quality during storage using the descriptor-profile method. The applicability of the developed descriptors lexicon for complex sensory analysis in assessing the royal champignons shelf life in accordance with GOST ISO 16779-2017 Organoleptic analysis. Evaluation (determination and verification) of the food products shelf life.
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Kalymon, Yuliia. "ADJECTIVES FOR COLOUR NOMINATION IN SHORT STORIES BY VASYL STEFANYK: A CORPUS-BASED APPROACH". Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, n.º 11(79) (29 de setembro de 2021): 128–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2021-11(79)-128-130.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of adjectives that denote tokens for colours in the short stories byVasyl Stefanyk. That is also traditionally considered as one of the manifestations of individual manner of writing and as a marker of the nation’s view of the world. The short stories under study were published during the author’s lifetime and were designed in the corpus of texts. The names of colours perform a special semantic and aesthetic function in the outline of the literary work, and the corpus-based approach and concordance make it possible to comprehensively and holistically analyze this layer of lexicon. The corpus of Vasyl Stefanyk’s literary works comprises 57 short stories published during his lifetime and was created in accordance with the basic requirements for the compilation of text corpora. A comparative analysis of the use of the adjective zhovtyi/yellow with the corpus of contemporary novelists was conducted. The obtained results have made it possible to identify peculiar individual examples of the use of the adjective zhovtyi/yellow by Vasyl Stefanyk and to determine which of the meanings given in the Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language (SUM) should be placed as the first one when compiling a dictionary article for the dictionary of Vasyl Stefanyk’s literary works.
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Lindsey, Delwin T., e Angela M. Brown. "Lexical Color Categories". Annual Review of Vision Science 7, n.º 1 (15 de setembro de 2021): 605–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vision-093019-112420.
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Color is a continuous variable, and humans can distinguish more than a million colors, yet world color lexicons contain no more than a dozen basic color terms. It has been understood for 160 years that the number of color terms in a lexicon varies greatly across languages, yet the lexical color categories defined by these terms are similar worldwide. Starting with the seminal study by Berlin and Kay, this review considers how and why this is so. Evidence from psychological, linguistic, and computational studies has advanced our understanding of how color categories came into being, how they contribute to our shared understanding of color, and how the resultant categories influence color perception and cognition. A key insight from the last 50 years of research is how human perception and the need for communication within a society worked together to create color lexicons that are somewhat diverse, yet show striking regularities worldwide.
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Uzdenova, Fatima T., e Mussa B. Ketenchiev. "About the principles of realization of the image in literature of Karachays and Balkars: semiotics of the color designation". Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education, n.º 5 (setembro de 2020): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.5-20.040.
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In this article analyzes the systems of colouring in in artistic literature of Karachais and Balkars. The work uses the comparative-historical, structural-semiotic methods of investigation. It is shown that deepened in the past, and therefore implemented at the level of sub-consciousness, they act as ethnic markers; their semantic modulations only in insignificant degree depend on will of the author. It or appeals to these or those images, concepts and motives, or direct addressing to an archetypic and patterns of origin occurring at different times. Depth of their “bedding” in national consciousness assumes pre-ethnic origin and most likely is connected with the period of formation of basic lexicon of language in the form of primary set of associative blocks. Colour naming define art figurativeness of verbal tradition of the people, nature of feeling and emotion of poetry and the massive directions of symbolical judgment surrounding.
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Kim, Sunghun. "A Study on the Sensory Lexicon of iColour(internalized Colour) for Mental Wellness: Focused on the Description of Aroma, Flavor, and Sound Based on the Minimalist Program Approach". Journal of the Korean society for Wellness 17, n.º 3 (31 de agosto de 2022): 343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21097/ksw.2022.8.17.3.343.
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Wongthahan, Peerapong, Amporn Sae‐Eaw e Witoon Prinyawiwatkul. "Sensory lexicon and relationships among brown colour, saltiness perception and sensory liking evaluated by regular users and culinary chefs: a case of soy sauces". International Journal of Food Science & Technology 55, n.º 7 (25 de fevereiro de 2020): 2841–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.14538.
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Cory, Erin. "Making home in exile: Everyday practices and belongings in Palestinian refugee camps". Crossings: Journal of Migration & Culture 11, n.º 2 (1 de outubro de 2020): 119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/cjmc_00020_1.
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Palestinians share a history of exile oriented towards the loss and reclamation of a homeland, often expressed through a shared visual lexicon and mythos. In the context of refugee camps, however, local visual culture and everyday practices demonstrate how Palestinian lives are also grounded in local stories and experiences. How do Palestinian refugees deploy everyday practices to create their home spaces? What can these practices reveal about refugees’ myriad belongings? And, in thinking about these practices, what can be said about how a feeling of home can be articulated in exile, which is at its heart the forced removal/dislocation from home? This article uses a comparative ethnographic analysis of two Palestinian camps in Lebanon to challenge overarching narratives of ‘Palestinianness’ by calling attention to the rich multiplicity of Palestinian refugee identities. In focusing the analysis on everyday practices – specifically street art and walking – by which residents make and experience home in the camps, the article grapples with the seeming contradictions between ‘home’ and ‘exile’ that colour the experiences of not only Palestinians, but also refugees and asylum seekers in other circumstances of protracted uncertainty, as they attempt to migrate and make home in new countries.
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Richie, Russell. "Functionalism in the lexicon". New Questions for the Next Decade 11, n.º 3 (16 de dezembro de 2016): 429–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.11.3.05ric.
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Why do languages have the words they have, and not some other set of words? While certainly there is some arbitrariness in the lexicon (English ‘frog’ vs. Spanish ‘rana’), there is just as surely some systematicity or functionality in it as well. What exactly might the nature of this systematicity or functionality be? For example, might the lexicon be efficiently adapted for communication, learning, memory storage, retrieval, or other cognitive functions? This paper critically reviews evidence that natural language lexicons efficiently carve up semantic fields (e.g., color, space, kinship) and have phonological forms that are similarly efficient when the aggregate lexicon is considered. The paper also suggests additional ways functionalism in lexicons might be assessed, and speculates on how functional lexicons may have arisen.
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Bakumenko, Olga N. "Names of colour in V.Nabokov’s bilingual worldview (based on the original and self-translated texts of the novel Lolita)". Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature 20, n.º 1 (2023): 4–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2023.101.
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The article is devoted to the current problem of studying bilingual authors’ idiolects in colour aspect. This research aims to identify the features of Vladimir Nabokov’s lingua-colour worldview associated with the use of English and Russian in self-translation. Lists of colouremes of the original and translated Lolita are made; their part-of-speech facet is analyzed; dominant coloronyms are identified and compared; structural peculiarities of the selected colours in both lists are studied. The novelty of the work lies in the creation of English and Russian lexicons and frequency dictionaries of representatives of Nabokov’s color worldview, which gives objective data about the linguistic personality basing on idiolect. Along with quantitative method, the work uses the method of systematic scientific description, via which the multidimensional systematization of empirical material is conducted and the comparative method implemented in observation, comparison and interpretation techniques for the received language data. The article notes both common and specific features in the two color lexicons. With a comparable number of English and Russian colouremes, the translation language is more coloristic. Part-of-speech differences of colours are noted. In complete lists chromatic designations predominate, they are more frequent in Russian. Among the dominants achromatic colors outweigh, English achromatisms prevail. Numerous hapaxes and complex coloremes, rarely equivalent, contribute to the palette diversity. The main causes of inconsistencies are identified. The author comes to the conclusion that the ways of lexicalizing the color perceptions of the bilingual writer-translator are modified when switching to the target language that indicates differences in Nabokov’s worldview.
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Glushak, V. M. "Implementation of qualia structures provided by relative adjectives and composites in German". Linguistics & Polyglot Studies 7, n.º 5 (3 de janeiro de 2022): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2021-5-29-16-23.
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The present paper deals with the semantic representation of attributive elements in the nominative group − relative adjectives and composites. The aim of the present study is to analyze the semantic representation of a predominantly noun in an attributive group with reference to Qualia structures, as applied in J. Pustejovsky’s theory of generative lexicon, and their realization through relative adjectives and composites, which are direct explicators of the semantic structure of predominant words (nouns). The study is based on the 150 most frequent relative adjectives identified on the basis of the electronic corpus of the German language. Relative adjectives qualify as Qualia structures and can denote objective constitutive (material and origin), formal (physical parameters, colour, time, place), telic (purpose and function of an object) and agentive (information about the creator, artifact, natural genus and causal chain) properties. The system of relative adjectives demonstrates a wide range of semantic meanings that are expressed in German by other linguistic means, e.g. composites. When describing the possibility of implementing Qualia structures in the noun group, other correlative linguistic units, such as composites, are analyzed. The variation in the use of nouns in composites and relative adjectives formed from them helps to actualize the presence of a feature in a particular situation, to give the nominal groups a terminological character and to make the transition from one qualification group to another.
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Nikulshina, Tatyana N. "VERBALIZATION OF “METALLIZED” COLOUR NAMES IN THE WORLDVIEW OF ENGLISH FAIRY-TALES". Proceedings of Southern Federal University. Philology 26, n.º 1 (20 de março de 2022): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/1995-0640-2022-1-57-65.
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The article singles out the semantic and linguo-cultural specificities of the use of “metallized” colour names in English fairy-tales. The nomination of the colour “metallized” continuum of the English fairy-tale discourse is carried out through the verbalization of the colour of precious metals (gold, silver), non-ferrous metals (iron) and alloys (bronze). “Metallized” colour names reveal a limited position – 12 units. Lexical units golden, silvery, bronzed are the most general designations of the metallic colours within the ancient English worldview. The color of gold – golden – dominates as hierarchically the most significant one. English fairy-tales represent a wide use of “metallized” colour names within the NATURE, HUMAN BEING and SUPERNATURAL domains. “Metallized” colour names join such thematic groups, as FAUNA, FLORA, NATURAL PHENOMENON (within the NATURE domain), APPEARANCE, ACTIVITY, ARTEFACTS (within the HUMAN BEING domain) and APPEARANCE (within the SUPERNATURAL domain). “Metallized” colour names are indirectly related to colour explication. The lexical units conveying “metallized” colour designations are characterized by part-ofspeech heterogeneity, simple / complex structure of constituents, the presence of an identifier of a qualitative feature and shading semantics, axiological marking, the unproductiveness of the formation of diminutives, the presence / absence of a non-colour component, the presence / absence of signs of radiance and shine.
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Bobrova, M. V. "HAIR COLOR DESIGNATIONS IN MODERN NICKNAMES OF RUSSIANS IN PERM REGION". Onomastics of the Volga Region, n.º 1 (2020): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/2020-1.onomast.249-255.
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The modern nicknames of the inhabitants of Perm region (of Russians) motivated by the hair color of their carriers, are analyzed in the article. Lexical-semantic, motivational, and onomasiological features of such nicknames are described. Conclusions are made: models of formation of such nicknames of Russians are relatively few; there is a lexicon with attributive and subject meaning in names; nicknames have a qualitative character; the sign “hair color” is manifested in nicknames by the lexicon of various lexical-semantic and thematic groups; there are nicknames with multiple motivation; a significant number of nicknames are created on the basis of analogy.
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Rogalska-Chodecka, Katarzyna. "Lingua franca features in Italian. Evidence form an evolutionary linguistics experiment". Socjolingwistyka 35 (2021): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17651/socjoling.35.1.
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There is no doubt about the lingua franca status of the English language (e.g. Mair 2003). It even manifested itself in an evolutionary linguistics study based on the methodology of iterated learning (cf. Kirby and Hurford 2002). In an experiment with human participants, all of whom were native speakers of Polish, aimed at producing basic yet novel linguistic systems, entrenched linguistic structures related to English could easily be found, despite the fact that the experiment’s participants were asked not to use linguistic units from existing languages (e.g. Rogalska-Chodecka 2015). When the experiment’s participants tried to notice a lexical or syntactic pattern in a set of CVCVCV strings, they referred to English words regardless of their level of language knowledge or the experimenter’s instruction. Consequently, the final product of the experiment was not a novel linguistic system, but one containing entrenched linguistic English-related structures, which proves that in the absence of known linguistic structures, referring to English ones seems to be the easiest option. The present article asks whether it is possible to “force” participants in an experiment to use certain items from the Italian lexicon (related to colour, number, and shape) instead of those that come from English, despite their declared lack of knowledge of the Italian language. The results of two studies, one with a control group where the participants were asked to learn words in English as well as random CVCVCV strings, and one “contaminated” with Italian, where random words were exchanged with Italian ones, are compared in order to determine whether Italian is as useful as English from the perspective of participants in experiments and possesses lingua franca features that can be noticed in the case of the original evolutionary experiment. It turned out that, due to its high learnability, Italian exhibits lingua franca features and, given similar historical conditions to English, could regain its historical lingua franca status.
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Ryndina, Iuliia. "Color terms as a way to categorize artistic reality (based on the novel by Lion Feuchtwanger «The ugly duchess»)". Филология: научные исследования, n.º 5 (maio de 2022): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0749.2022.5.38038.
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Colour terms are a significant group of lexical units of any language. The article is devoted to the identification and the description of lexical units that explicitly express colour or include implicitly transmitted semes of colour in the novel by the German writer L. Feuchtwanger «The ugly duchess». The author believes that colour terms, accumulating national-cultural stereotypes and ideological meanings of the linguistic community, reproduce fragments of reality and the artistic concept of the world in the text. Using various connotations of colour meanings, L. Feuchtwanger solves two tasks in the novel: colour-description creates a unique poetics of the work, and color-characteristic reveals its main idea. The linguistic representation of colour terms in this novel allows us to understand the writer's idiostyle and the cultural meanings of his work, the peculiarities of the colour perception in the German linguoculture. Since the colour-description in the analyzed novel has not been researched yet, this determines the novelty of this work. The results of the research allow us to assert that the dominant coloratives that define the writer’s idiostyle are shades of blue, gray, white, black, red and brown, i.e. the basic palette of colours. It is worth noting that there are relative more lexemes in the novel that express colour explicitly. The significance of this research is determined by the fact that it contributes to further development of stylistics, linguoculturology and intercultural communication, and can be used in teaching German in higher educational institutions.
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Wall, Emma. "A Latin Lexicon. An Illustrated Compendium of Latin Words and English Derivatives. (C.K.) Mackenzie. Pp. cxviii, colour ills. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2020. Cased, £24.99. ISBN: 978-1-78969-762-9." Journal of Classics Teaching 22, n.º 44 (2021): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2058631021000350.
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Panasenko, N. "COLOUR TERMS IN SUDDEN FICTION". Philology at MGIMO 19, n.º 3 (3 de outubro de 2019): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2019-3-19-131-138.
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The paper presents the analysis of colour perception and its interpretation in psychology and symbolism; it highlights colour properties and the approaches to colour studies largely in linguistics. One of the features of colours is their ability to express human emotions and feelings, either positive or negative (verbally/ nonverbally), and to create certain atmosphere in the situation abound in colours. Shades of colours can be regarded as a lexico-semantic group formed by adjectives and nouns, which can be simple, derived, and compound words. Short texts include many colour terms expressing such colour properties, as hue, saturation, tone, lightness, intensity; each of them contributes to decoding of some culture-specific features hidden in Sudden fiction. The analysis of Sudden fiction shows that short stories have specific composition, where colour terms perform different functions. Descriptive functions are mainly connected with focal colours and identify objects’ properties. Other functions, such as character-generating, associative, metaphoric, symbolic, semiotic, and culture specific are more complicated. Their identification implies additional knowledge of cultural, social, and historical planes.
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Skelton, Alice E., Gemma Catchpole, Joshua T. Abbott, Jenny M. Bosten e Anna Franklin. "Biological origins of color categorization". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, n.º 21 (8 de maio de 2017): 5545–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1612881114.
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The biological basis of the commonality in color lexicons across languages has been hotly debated for decades. Prior evidence that infants categorize color could provide support for the hypothesis that color categorization systems are not purely constructed by communication and culture. Here, we investigate the relationship between infants’ categorization of color and the commonality across color lexicons, and the potential biological origin of infant color categories. We systematically mapped infants’ categorical recognition memory for hue onto a stimulus array used previously to document the color lexicons of 110 nonindustrialized languages. Following familiarization to a given hue, infants’ response to a novel hue indicated that their recognition memory parses the hue continuum into red, yellow, green, blue, and purple categories. Infants’ categorical distinctions aligned with common distinctions in color lexicons and are organized around hues that are commonly central to lexical categories across languages. The boundaries between infants’ categorical distinctions also aligned, relative to the adaptation point, with the cardinal axes that describe the early stages of color representation in retinogeniculate pathways, indicating that infant color categorization may be partly organized by biological mechanisms of color vision. The findings suggest that color categorization in language and thought is partially biologically constrained and have implications for broader debate on how biology, culture, and communication interact in human cognition.
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Bimler, David. "From Color Naming to a Language Space: An Analysis of Data from the World Color Survey". Journal of Cognition and Culture 7, n.º 3-4 (2007): 173–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853707x208477.
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AbstractThe World Color Survey was a large-scale cross-cultural experiment in which informants used the color lexicons of 110 non-written languages to label a standard set of stimuli. Here those data are explored with a novel analysis which focuses on the averaged location of boundaries within the stimulus set, revealing the system of color categories native to each language. A quantitative index of inter-language similarity was defined, comparing these average boundaries. Analyzing the similarities among color-naming patterns led to a 'language space', in which languages are grouped into clusters according to linguistic families (i.e., descent from common ancestors). This implies that each language's departures from the cross-cultural consensus about color categories are systematic (non-random). Given the non-unanimity about the color lexicon within languages, the persistence of these language families across the course of linguistic evolution is paradoxical.
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Petrova, T. V., e L. S. Shurykina. "The Palette of the Nineties in the Poetry of Olga Fokina". Russian language at school 81, n.º 1 (22 de janeiro de 2020): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.30515/0131-6141-2020-81-1-82-89.
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The article discusses the functioning of colourisms in the linguistic space of a literary poetic text and their role in creating an author’s worldview. For analysis, the poetic cycle by O. Fokina «Wreath of Sonnets» (1998) was chosen. Сolourisms are described from the position of the recipient. Among them are those directly denoting colours, as well as indirect colour designations represented by individual thematic groups of aesthetically significant lexis. The author considers their mutual influence and connection with the context; analyses the composition of colourisms, the features of their use and the role in creating a common colour palette of the cycle and visual flexible verbal images. It is concluded that the verbalization of colour in the «Wreath of Sonnets» by O. Fokina relies on the use of lexical units denoting colour both directly and indirectly (associatively). The direct colour designations in the cycle create a predominantly achromatic palette. The chromatic palette is formed primarily by lexical units denoting colour associatively
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Kuriki, Ichiro, Ryan Lange, Yumiko Muto, Angela M. Brown, Kazuho Fukuda, Rumi Tokunaga, Delwin T. Lindsey, Keiji Uchikawa e Satoshi Shioiri. "The modern Japanese color lexicon". Journal of Vision 17, n.º 3 (1 de março de 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/17.3.1.
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Diachkovskiy, F. N., A. R. Tazranova, B. Bayarsaykhan, S. M. Trofimova e N. I. Popova. "Horse Gait Terms in Turkic Languages of Siberia (Compared to Mongolic Languages)". Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology 22, n.º 2 (6 de fevereiro de 2023): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2023-22-2-61-73.
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Purpose. Russian and foreign linguists studied the influence of Turkic languages on the grammatical and lexical composition of Mongolic languages. Material from monuments and modern living languages of Siberia shed light on the role of the early Turkic and Mongolic language in the development of the modern linguistic landscape of the region, specifying its place in the Altai linguistic family from a cultural perspective. Horse is a sacred animal for all Turkic and Mongolic speaking nomads that take an important place in their economy and culture, with all its characteristics being featured in the lexicon of the languages under comparison. Researchers also examined a wide range of Mongolian words reflecting various sex- and age-specific terms for livestock and its color as well as keeping and pasturing practices, pasture characteristics, livestock economy, etc. The lexicon characterizing horse movement in Turkic and Mongolic languages has not been the subject of comparative analysis in modern Turkic studies. Thus, the paper describes and analyzes the lexico-semantic group of words that represent the terms for the pattern of natural movement of horse in Turkic and Mongolic languages.Results. To achieve the research objectives we used the synchronous descriptive, comparative, contrastive-typological, and where possible comparative-historical methods. The study defined the structure and semantics of linguistic units, revealing considerably more similarities than differences in the plane of expression in both Turkic languages of Siberia and Mongolic layers of vocabulary.Conclusion. Yakut demonstrates both the Turkic and Mongolic layers, which is characteristic of all languages under comparison. Also, there are later borrowings from Buryat, e.g. the verbs denoting ‘amble’.
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Sudipa, I. Nengah. "HOW TO TRANSLATE AN ACTION VERB PROVIDE INTO BAHASA INDONESIA THROUGH THE NATURAL SEMANTIC METALANGUAGE". Lingual: Journal of Language and Culture 6, n.º 2 (11 de janeiro de 2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ljlc.2018.v06.i02.p02.
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Abstract
This study is aimed at mapping the meaning of action verb provide and its translation in Indonesian lexicons. The data sources of this study are two Colours Magazines of Garuda Indonesia, May 2017 and March 2018 editions. In colleting the data, this study applied the observation method and note taking technique. Those data were analyzed using Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) approach proposed by Anna Wierzbicka (1996). Furthermore, the method of analyzing data was descriptive qualitative method. First, each of the data was analyzed to find its meaning configuration. Then, it was followed by the paraphrasing using semantic primitives to show the explication of each lexicon and be able to compare them. The results of this study shows that the action verb provide is translated into five different Indonesian lexicons in the Colours Magazine. The verb and its translations have slight differences shown by the meaning configurations as well as explications. However, they could properly deliver the intended meaning for the Indonesian target readers regarding the sentences they are in.
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Adilova, Almagul, Merey Balabekova, Yeldos Tuite, Sveta Samenova, Ainagul Kazanbayeva, Markhaba Tursunova, Sagila Rahymberlina e Bolat Khassenov. "Lexico-Semantic Change in the Kazakh Language of the COVID Era". Theory and Practice in Language Studies 13, n.º 5 (1 de maio de 2023): 1172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1305.10.
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This article discusses lexical and semantic changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this article, we describe semantic shifts, new concepts, and neologisms associated with the COVID-19 pandemic based on the results of an associative survey. A total of 142 respondents voluntarily participated in our online survey. The term ‘coronavirus’ was taken as a stimulus word. Respondents had to answer what colour and number the word ‘coronavirus’ is associated with. The results of the study show that the stimulus ‘coronavirus’ in the minds of people activates the colours red, green, black, blue, yellow and very weakly causes associations with brown, white, gold, purple, colourless, as well as the frequency of the number 19. Additionally, according to the results of the study, it can be said that during the COVID-19 pandemic, negative meanings of colourative vocabulary were actualized (except green, because this colour began to symbolize safety), and numbers and some new concepts that have a nonpositive colouring appeared.
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Owolabi, Dare. "Potential words in English: examples from morphological processes in Nigerian English". English Today 28, n.º 2 (17 de maio de 2012): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078412000156.
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It is now common knowledge that the English language has become part of Nigeria's linguistic family, albeit as a second language that has been ‘home-grown…adapted and tamed to suit the Nigerian environment’ (Adegbija, 2004: 19). Summarizing Alamin A. Mazrui (2004), Akere (2006: 9) describes this domestication as ‘the transformation of English as an alien medium, to make it respond to local imagery, figures of speech, sound patterns and the general cultural milieu of the region’. This has been the practice of many writers where English is the colonial masters' language and is now adopted as a second language, but with ‘local colour’, as noted by Emenyonu (2006: xi). This dynamic and creative variety has helped Nigerians express their world view in a more international medium. In addition, there are more ‘pragmatic’ sub-varieties, including what Omolewa (1979: 14–15) calls ‘working English’. This is, however, different from the widespread Pidgin English, which continues to serve as the linguistic bridge across the linguistic Babel of Nigeria. While Pidgin is greatly influenced by the immediate local languages, thus making uniformity difficult to achieve, the emerging Nigerian English (henceforth NE) is not as heavily dependent on indigenous local languages. According to Igboanusi (2002: 4), ‘NE has its origin in British English, and the lexicon of NE has therefore shown a strong British influence.’ In other words, while Pidgin is common among the uneducated and spoken by the educated when necessary, NE is spoken by the educated and the level of education determines the variety of NE used by individuals. NE should be seen as an autonomous variety, showing acceptable departures from the rules of standard diction, pronunciation and grammar. The contact of English with indigenous languages in Nigeria is bound to lead to greater deviation from the standard in the future. Since Nigeria has one of the largest populations of speakers of English as a second language in the world (Akere, 2009; Jowitt, 2009), this is bound to have implications for English as a global language.
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Alzoubi, Abdulaziz, Hanan Hamouri, Thaer Al-Kadi e Aseel Hamdan. "The Effect of Gender, Urban/Rural Background, and Profession on Patterns of Use of Color Terms in Jordan". Languages 8, n.º 2 (29 de março de 2023): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages8020097.
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In this study, we examined the relationship between social factors and language by focusing on color terms. We investigated patterns of color terms’ use and the diversity of the color terms lexicon (CTL) among males and females belonging to different subcultures—city vs. small town or urban vs. rural—and different university majors—professionally color educated vs. others. Using an unconstrained color-naming task performed on a computer, three hundred and ninety-nine participants were asked to type in descriptions for fifteen color samples. The use of lexical items from Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) in the color descriptions was also investigated. Uni/multivariant analyses of the data were carried out in order to test the association between the patterns of color terms and the social independent variables. Females, participants with professional education in colors, and participants from the city were found to have a larger and more diversified CTL than males, participants with no professional color education, and participants from small towns.
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Sutton, Tina M., e Jeanette Altarriba. "Emotion words in the mental lexicon". Emotion words in the monolingual and bilingual lexicon 3, n.º 1 (7 de abril de 2008): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.3.1.04sut.
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The representation of emotion words in memory is a relatively new area of research within the cognitive domain. In the present paper, these words will be examined with the use of the Stroop paradigm. In the past, this paradigm has been used to investigate a wide variety of word types, including color words and color-related words. Only a few studies have examined emotion words. The current study investigates a particular set of emotion words that were either congruent or incongruent with the color they were presented in (e.g., ENVY in green ink or red ink), much like standard Stroop stimuli (RED in red ink or green ink). The results of Experiment 1 revealed that emotion stimuli can be studied in the same manner as color words and color-related words, such as fire. When the congruent and incongruent items were presented together, within the same block in Experiment 2, the color items and color-related emotion items still produced a Stroop interference effect, but the color-related emotionally neutral items did not. The results of Experiment 2 suggest that evaluative information (i.e., negative valence) is automatically accessed regardless of the task at hand. The current study speaks to the need to include negative valence as an important factor in models of word recognition.
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Lindsey, D. T., e A. M. Brown. "The color lexicon of American English". Journal of Vision 14, n.º 2 (25 de fevereiro de 2014): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/14.2.17.
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Lishtaba, Tetiana, e Tetiana Oharienko. "COLOR LEXEMES IN SVETLANA BARABASH'S POETIC LEXICON". Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, n.º 13(81) (26 de maio de 2022): 293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2022-13(81)-293-296.
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The article is devoted to the study of color lexemes as language units. The main tokens, which form the core of the lexical-semantic field of color of modern language, and peripheral, which have seven with a shade of the main tone and may have additional characteristics, are defined. The spectrum of compatibility of color lexemes with other tokens is outlined. It is emphasized that despite the significant scientific achievements on the problem of color designations, there are still aspects that deserve the attention of linguists. One such aspect is the study of color symbols in modern poetic text. The interaction of traditional and individual-authorial in the use of color lexemes is analyzed. It was found out that in S. Barabash's lyric language means for color designation are sometimes specific, and sometimes complicated, rethought. A wide range of basic colors (white, black, yellow, red, green), several mixed (gray, silver, gold, pink, purple) help the poet to convey their own knowledge of the world around them, to generalize impressions and "color" images. It is proved that S. Barabash's poetry is inseparable from the deep sensory principle that permeates its poetics. The writer subtly aestheticizes color, sound, shape. Each color creates around itself a certain semantic field, a certain composition of the author's thoughts, because, in addition to semantic and descriptive function, colors, their combination realizes the emotional function that affects human feelings and thus contributes to the formation of a certain mood. It is noted that the palette of colors S. Barabash characterizes her individual creative style, determines the expansion of the compatibility of components with the semantics of color with commonly used words, which contributes to the enrichment of the ideological and thematic spectrum of poetic works.
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Baron-Cohen, Simon, Maria A. Wyke e Colin Binnie. "Hearing Words and Seeing Colours: An Experimental Investigation of a Case of Synaesthesia". Perception 16, n.º 6 (dezembro de 1987): 761–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p160761.
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A case of ‘chromatic–lexical’ (colour–word) synaesthesia is described, and its genuineness confirmed using the criterion of stable cross-modality imagery across time. The synaesthesia could not be accounted for by a memory hypothesis, nor was it associated with any psychiatric condition. Further analysis did not identify any semantic relationship between real words and colours, but the colours of nonwords were determined by the colours of the individual letters. Numbers also had their own stable colours. The experience of synaesthesia was triggered by other auditory stimuli, but most strongly by words. Cortical electrophysiological recording failed to reveal any abnormalities. An unusual organisation of modalities in the brain is postulated to account for the phenomenon.
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Brown, Angela M., Abdirizak Isse e Delwin T. Lindsey. "The color lexicon of the Somali language". Journal of Vision 16, n.º 5 (16 de março de 2016): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/16.5.14.
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Kim, Sunghun. "iColor(internalized color) Sensory Lexicon Design Study: Focusing on iColor Cognitive Activation for Mental Wellness". Journal of the Korean society for Wellness 17, n.º 4 (30 de novembro de 2022): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21097/ksw.2022.11.17.4.93.
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Chivarzina, Alexandra I. "A Comparative Study of Colour Terms in Ttranslations of the New Testament into Macedonian and Albanian". Slavic World in the Third Millennium 15, n.º 3-4 (2020): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2412-6446.2020.15.3-4.08.
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The article considers the colour terms present in the New Testament in the Macedonian and Albanian languages. The characteristic features of the translation are determined by both the cultural unity and the lexical systems of the Balkan languages under consideration. Among the few contexts using colour terms, most are translated equally. This can be explained by both objective reasons (natural colour of objects) and general connotations attributed to the main colours of the spectrum. The attention of this study is focused primarily on the places in the text where different translation decisions have been made. However, it is impossible not to mention the most characteristic general features of colour term use in the New Testament in the Macedonian and Albanian languages. The study indicates the thoroughness of the work done by translators, who, considering the peculiarities of the colour term vocabulary of their language, sought to maximize the use of the lexical system in order to extremely accurately and easily convey the meaning of the original text. The connotations of the colour terms found in the text are mostly the same in the cultures and target languages under discussion. However, there are cases of using different lexemes in the same context in different places in the book. The similarities and differences in translations into Macedonian and Albanian help to understand how similar Balkan cultures see the New Testament and what they highlight as the most significant.
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Gleason, Jean Berko. "Parent-Child Interaction and Lexical Acquisition in two Domains: Color Words and Animal Names". Psychology of Language and Communication 18, n.º 3 (1 de novembro de 2014): 204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/plc-2014-0014.
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ABSTRACT This paper explores young children’s and parents’ use of color words and animal names in two published studies. The aim is to compare the ranges and kinds of these words in parentchild interaction and to consider the implications of these findings for our understanding of early lexical development. Color term data were drawn from the Gleason corpus in CHILDES: 12 boys and 12 girls ranging in age from 25-62 months, and their parents. Results showed that parents used and emphasized only the same 10 most basic colors, with many teaching episodes. Parents’ most frequent terms, red, blue, and green were also children’s most frequent terms and are the ones acquired earliest according to MacArthur Bates lexical norms. In the second study CLAN programs were used to identify animal names in corpora from a variety of families in CHILDES, with 44 children ranging in age from 1;6-6;2. Children and parents produced a remarkable number and range of animal terms, with individual preschoolers naming as many as 96 different, often rare, animals, such as crocodile and pelican. Parents and children thus attend to the same limited set of basic color terms. By contrast, biophilia, our shared human love of the living world is reflected in children’s extensive animal lexicon.