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Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Conditional association"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 1 de fevereiro de 2022

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1

Seth, Sohan, e José C. Príncipe. "Conditional Association". Neural Computation 24, n.º 7 (julho de 2012): 1882–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00298.

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Estimating conditional dependence between two random variables given the knowledge of a third random variable is essential in neuroscientific applications to understand the causal architecture of a distributed network. However, existing methods of assessing conditional dependence, such as the conditional mutual information, are computationally expensive, involve free parameters, and are difficult to understand in the context of realizations. In this letter, we discuss a novel approach to this problem and develop a computationally simple and parameter-free estimator. The difference between the proposed approach and the existing ones is that the former expresses conditional dependence in terms of a finite set of realizations, whereas the latter use random variables, which are not available in practice. We call this approach conditional association, since it is based on a generalization of the concept of association to arbitrary metric spaces. We also discuss a novel and computationally efficient approach of generating surrogate data for evaluating the significance of the acquired association value.

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Prakasa Rao, B. L. S. "Conditional independence, conditional mixing and conditional association". Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics 61, n.º 2 (21 de setembro de 2007): 441–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10463-007-0152-2.

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Yuan, Demei, e Shunjing Li. "From Conditional Independence to Conditionally Negative Association: Some Preliminary Results". Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 44, n.º 18 (28 de janeiro de 2015): 3942–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610926.2013.813049.

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Oberauer, Klaus, Sonja M. Geiger, Katrin Fischer e Andrea Weidenfeld. "Two meanings of “if”? Individual differences in the interpretation of conditionals". Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 60, n.º 6 (junho de 2007): 790–819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470210600822449.

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This work investigates the nature of two distinct response patterns in a probabilistic truth table evaluation task, in which people estimate the probability of a conditional on the basis of frequencies of the truth table cases. The conditional-probability pattern reflects an interpretation of conditionals as expressing a conditional probability. The conjunctive pattern suggests that some people treat conditionals as conjunctions, in line with a prediction of the mental-model theory. Experiments 1 and 2 rule out two alternative explanations of the conjunctive pattern. It does not arise from people believing that at least one case matching the conjunction of antecedent and consequent must exist for a conditional to be true, and it does not arise from people adding the converse to the given conditional. Experiment 3 establishes that people's response patterns in the probabilistic truth table task are very consistent across different conditionals, and that the two response patterns generalize to conditionals with negated antecedents and consequents. Individual differences in rating the probability of a conditional were loosely correlated with corresponding response patterns in a classical truth table evaluation task, but there was little association with people's evaluation of deductive inferences from conditionals as premises. A theoretical framework is proposed that integrates elements from the conditional-probability view with the theory of mental models.

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KRAMER, JOSH BROWN, JONATHAN CUTLER e A. J. RADCLIFFE. "Negative Dependence and Srinivasan's Sampling Process". Combinatorics, Probability and Computing 20, n.º 3 (22 de fevereiro de 2011): 347–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963548311000095.

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Dubhashi, Jonasson and Ranjan Dubhashi, Jonasson and Ranjan (2007) study the negative dependence properties of Srinivasan's sampling processes (SSPs), random processes which sample sets of a fixed size with prescribed marginals. In particular they prove that linear SSPs have conditional negative association, by using the Feder–Mihail theorem and a coupling argument. We consider a broader class of SSPs that we call tournament SSPs (TSSPs). These have a tree-like structure and we prove that they have conditional negative association. Our approach is completely different from that of Dubhashi, Jonasson and Ranjan. We give an abstract characterization of TSSPs, and use this to deduce that certain conditioned TSSPs are themselves TSSPs. We show that TSSPs have negative association, and hence conditional negative association. We also give an example of an SSP that does not have negative association.

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Roussas, George G. "On Conditional Independence, Mixing, and Association". Stochastic Analysis and Applications 26, n.º 6 (3 de novembro de 2008): 1274–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07362990802405836.

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Kahn, J., e M. Neiman. "Conditional negative association for competing urns". Random Structures & Algorithms 41, n.º 2 (9 de fevereiro de 2012): 262–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rsa.20395.

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Miwa, Naofumi, Tatsuya Uebi e Satoru Kawamura. "S100-annexin complexes - biology of conditional association". FEBS Journal 275, n.º 20 (15 de setembro de 2008): 4945–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06653.x.

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Gijbels, Irène, Noël Veraverbeke e Marel Omelka. "Conditional copulas, association measures and their applications". Computational Statistics & Data Analysis 55, n.º 5 (maio de 2011): 1919–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2010.11.010.

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Cromer, Jason A., Michelle Machon e Earl K. Miller. "Rapid Association Learning in the Primate Prefrontal Cortex in the Absence of Behavioral Reversals". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, n.º 7 (julho de 2011): 1823–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2010.21555.

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The PFC plays a central role in our ability to learn arbitrary rules, such as “green means go.” Previous experiments from our laboratory have used conditional association learning to show that slow, gradual changes in PFC neural activity mirror monkeys' slow acquisition of associations. These previous experiments required monkeys to repeatedly reverse the cue–saccade associations, an ability known to be PFC-dependent. We aimed to test whether the relationship between PFC neural activity and behavior was due to the reversal requirement, so monkeys were trained to learn several new conditional cue–saccade associations without reversing them. Learning-related changes in PFC activity now appeared earlier and more suddenly in correspondence with similar changes in behavioral improvement. This suggests that learning of conditional associations is linked to PFC activity regardless of whether reversals are required. However, when previous learning does not need to be suppressed, PFC acquires associations more rapidly.

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Yang, Fan, Kevin J. Gleason, Jiebiao Wang, Jubao Duan, Xin He, Brandon L. Pierce e Lin S. Chen. "CCmed: cross-condition mediation analysis for identifying replicable trans-associations mediated by cis-gene expression". Bioinformatics 37, n.º 17 (27 de fevereiro de 2021): 2513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btab139.

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Abstract Motivation Trans-acting expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) collectively explain a substantial proportion of expression variation, yet are challenging to detect and replicate since their effects are often individually weak. A large proportion of genetic effects on distal genes are mediated through cis-gene expression. Cis-association (between SNP and cis-gene) and gene-gene correlation conditional on SNP genotype could establish trans-association (between SNP and trans-gene). Both cis-association and gene-gene conditional correlation have effects shared across relevant tissues and conditions, and trans-associations mediated by cis-gene expression also have effects shared across relevant conditions. Results We proposed a Cross-Condition Mediation analysis method (CCmed) for detecting cis-mediated trans-associations with replicable effects in relevant conditions/studies. CCmed integrates cis-association and gene-gene conditional correlation statistics from multiple tissues/studies. Motivated by the bimodal effect-sharing patterns of eQTLs, we proposed two variations of CCmed, CCmedmost and CCmedspec for detecting cross-tissue and tissue-specific trans-associations, respectively. We analyzed data of 13 brain tissues from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project, and identified trios with cis-mediated trans-associations across brain tissues, many of which showed evidence of trans-association in two replication studies. We also identified trans-genes associated with schizophrenia loci in at least two brain tissues. Availability and implementation CCmed software is available at http://github.com/kjgleason/CCmed. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

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Parikh, Pranav J., e Marco Santello. "Role of human premotor dorsal region in learning a conditional visuomotor task". Journal of Neurophysiology 117, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2017): 445–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00658.2016.

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Conditional learning is an important component of our everyday activities (e.g., handling a phone or sorting work files) and requires identification of the arbitrary stimulus, accurate selection of the motor response, monitoring of the response, and storing in memory of the stimulus-response association for future recall. Learning this type of conditional visuomotor task appears to engage the premotor dorsal region (PMd). However, the extent to which PMd might be involved in specific or all processes of conditional learning is not well understood. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), we demonstrate the role of human PMd in specific stages of learning of a novel conditional visuomotor task that required subjects to identify object center of mass using a color cue and to apply appropriate torque on the object at lift onset to minimize tilt. TMS over PMd, but not vertex, increased error in torque exerted on the object during the learning trials. Analyses of digit position and forces further revealed that the slowing in conditional visuomotor learning resulted from impaired monitoring of the object orientation during lift, rather than stimulus identification, thus compromising the ability to accurately reduce performance error across trials. Importantly, TMS over PMd did not alter production of torque based on the recall of learned color-torque associations. We conclude that the role of PMd for conditional learning is highly sensitive to the stage of learning visuomotor associations. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Conditional learning involves stimulus identification, motor response selection, response monitoring, memory encoding, and recall of the learned association. Premotor dorsal (PMd) has been implicated for conditional learning. However, the extent to which PMd might be involved in specific or all stages of conditional learning is not well understood. The novel finding of our study is that PMd appears to be involved with monitoring motor responses, a sensorimotor integration stage essential for conditional learning.

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Bergsma, Wicher P., e Tamás Rudas. "Modeling conditional and marginal association in contingency tables". Annales de la faculté des sciences de Toulouse Mathématiques 11, n.º 4 (2002): 455–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5802/afst.1033.

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VERAVERBEKE, NOËL, MAREK OMELKA e IRÈNE GIJBELS. "Estimation of a Conditional Copula and Association Measures". Scandinavian Journal of Statistics 38, n.º 4 (1 de julho de 2011): 766–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9469.2011.00744.x.

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Cox, D. R. "Conditional and marginal association for binary random variables". Biometrika 90, n.º 4 (1 de dezembro de 2003): 982–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biomet/90.4.982.

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Wang, Kai. "Conditional asymptotic inference for the kernel association test". Bioinformatics 33, n.º 23 (14 de agosto de 2017): 3733–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btx511.

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Holland, Paul W., e Paul R. Rosenbaum. "CONDITIONAL ASSOCIATION AND UNIDIMENSIONALITY IN MONOTONE LATENT VARIABLE MODELS". ETS Research Report Series 1985, n.º 2 (dezembro de 1985): i—37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2330-8516.1985.tb00132.x.

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Holland, Paul W., e Paul R. Rosenbaum. "Conditional Association and Unidimensionality in Monotone Latent Variable Models". Annals of Statistics 14, n.º 4 (dezembro de 1986): 1523–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/aos/1176350174.

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Ma, Li. "Adaptive Testing of Conditional Association Through Recursive Mixture Modeling". Journal of the American Statistical Association 108, n.º 504 (dezembro de 2013): 1493–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01621459.2013.838899.

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20

Straat, J. Hendrik, L. Andries van der Ark e Klaas Sijtsma. "Using Conditional Association to Identify Locally Independent Item Sets". Methodology 12, n.º 4 (outubro de 2016): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241/a000115.

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Abstract. The ordinal, unidimensional monotone latent variable model assumes unidimensionality, local independence, and monotonicity, and implies the observable property of conditional association. We investigated three special cases of conditional association and implemented them in a new procedure that aims at identifying locally dependent items, removing these items from the initial item set, and producing an item subset that is locally independent. A simulation study showed that the new procedure correctly identified 89.5% of the model-consistent items and up to 90% of the model-inconsistent items. We recommend using this procedure for selecting locally independent item sets. The procedure may be used in combination with Mokken scale analysis.

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21

Schuldt, Michael, e Jose Vega. "An examination of SEC revenue recognition comments and IPO earnings management". Accounting Research Journal 31, n.º 3 (3 de setembro de 2018): 371–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arj-11-2015-0135.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the association between revenue-based earnings management in the periods immediately before and after firms’ initial public offerings (IPOs) and regulatory scrutiny by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) during review of IPO firms’ registration statements. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses conditional discretionary revenues (Stubben, 2010) as its measure of earnings management, and revenue recognition comments delivered by the SEC as its measure of regulatory scrutiny. The authors use ordinary least squares regression (OLS) models, as well as a supplemental count model, to assess the association between conditional discretionary revenues and revenue recognition comments delivered by the SEC. Findings This study finds evidence of a positive association between earnings management measures in the pre-IPO period and the number of revenue recognition comments received by those firms during the SEC’s review. Furthermore, this study provides evidence that greater numbers of comments are associated with declining earnings management measures in the post-IPO period. However, the evidence suggests that these associations apply only to income-decreasing earnings management. Originality/value This paper extends the IPO earnings management literature by using conditional discretionary revenues as the measure of earnings management, and contributes to a nascent research stream in the accounting literature by investigating the SEC’s comment letter process and its association with, and impact upon, earnings management in the IPO process.

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22

Black, Jonathan, Jeff Zeyun Chen e Marc Cussatt. "The Association between SFAS No. 157 Fair Value Hierarchy Information and Conditional Accounting Conservatism". Accounting Review 93, n.º 5 (1 de novembro de 2017): 119–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-51963.

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ABSTRACT Investors demand conditional conservatism to restrict managers' ability to opportunistically exploit unverifiable accounting estimates. The fair value estimation process is subject to verifiability concerns when market prices are unavailable and, thus, susceptible to managerial discretion. We explore whether banks' exposure to less-verifiable fair value estimates is associated with conditional conservatism. General and bank-specific conservatism measures indicate that banks with greater proportions of less-verifiable fair value assets exhibit more conditional conservatism. Cross-sectional analyses provide evidence that this relation varies predictably with investor-demand and manager-supply proxies. Further analyses indicate that monitoring institutional investors drive the demand for conservatism. We identify high-quality auditors and board independence as two mechanisms used to invoke conservatism. Findings are robust to the exclusion of fair value earnings components, suggesting that the effect is not confined to fair value accounts. Together, our results indicate that less-verifiable fair value estimates generate demand for conditional conservatism in the financial industry.

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Cho, Kwang-Hyun, e Hee-Chang Park. "A study on association rule creation by marginally conditional variables". Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society 23, n.º 1 (31 de janeiro de 2012): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7465/jkdi.2012.23.1.121.

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Peleg, Ori, Motti Charter, Yossi Leshem, Ido Izhaki e Alexandre Roulin. "Conditional association between melanism and personality in Israeli Barn Owls". Bird Study 61, n.º 4 (25 de setembro de 2014): 572–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2014.958053.

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Junker, Brian W. "Conditional Association, Essential Independence and Monotone Unidimensional Item Response Models". Annals of Statistics 21, n.º 3 (setembro de 1993): 1359–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/aos/1176349262.

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Macdonald, Ranald R. "Conditional and unconditional tests of association in 2 × 2 tables". British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 51, n.º 2 (novembro de 1998): 191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8317.1998.tb00676.x.

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Hilberg, W. "Neural networks and conditional association networks. common properties and differences". IEE Proceedings E Computers and Digital Techniques 136, n.º 5 (1989): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-e.1989.0046.

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McAleer, Michael, Felix Chan, Suhejla Hoti e Offer Lieberman. "GENERALIZED AUTOREGRESSIVE CONDITIONAL CORRELATION". Econometric Theory 24, n.º 6 (9 de julho de 2008): 1554–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266466608080614.

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This paper develops a generalized autoregressive conditional correlation (GARCC) model when the standardized residuals follow a random coefficient vector autoregressive process. As a multivariate generalization of the Tsay (1987, Journal of the American Statistical Association 82, 590–604) random coefficient autoregressive (RCA) model, the GARCC model provides a motivation for the conditional correlations to be time varying. GARCC is also more general than the Engle (2002, Journal of Business & Economic Statistics 20, 339–350) dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) and the Tse and Tsui (2002, Journal of Business & Economic Statistics 20, 351–362) varying conditional correlation (VCC) models and does not impose unduly restrictive conditions on the parameters of the DCC model. The structural properties of the GARCC model, specifically, the analytical forms of the regularity conditions, are derived, and the asymptotic theory is established. The Baba, Engle, Kraft, and Kroner (BEKK) model of Engle and Kroner (1995, Econometric Theory 11, 122–150) is demonstrated to be a special case of a multivariate RCA process. A likelihood ratio test is proposed for several special cases of GARCC. The empirical usefulness of GARCC and the practicality of the likelihood ratio test are demonstrated for the daily returns of the Standard and Poor's 500, Nikkei, and Hang Seng indexes.

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Cai, Zongwu. "REGRESSION QUANTILES FOR TIME SERIES". Econometric Theory 18, n.º 1 (fevereiro de 2002): 169–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266466602181096.

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In this paper we study nonparametric estimation of regression quantiles for time series data by inverting a weighted Nadaraya–Watson (WNW) estimator of conditional distribution function, which was first used by Hall, Wolff, and Yao (1999, Journal of the American Statistical Association 94, 154–163). First, under some regularity conditions, we establish the asymptotic normality and weak consistency of the WNW conditional distribution estimator for α-mixing time series at both boundary and interior points, and we show that the WNW conditional distribution estimator not only preserves the bias, variance, and, more important, automatic good boundary behavior properties of local linear “double-kernel” estimators introduced by Yu and Jones (1998, Journal of the American Statistical Association 93, 228–237), but also has the additional advantage of always being a distribution itself. Second, it is shown that under some regularity conditions, the WNW conditional quantile estimator is weakly consistent and normally distributed and that it inherits all good properties from the WNW conditional distribution estimator. A small simulation study is carried out to illustrate the performance of the estimates, and a real example is also used to demonstrate the methodology.

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Waluya Jati, Ahmad, Mohammad Naufal, Ike Arisanti e Dhaniel Syam. "Asset Specificity On Conditional Conservatism". Jurnal Reviu Akuntansi dan Keuangan 11, n.º 1 (27 de abril de 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jrak.v11i1.15560.

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Asset specificity, an asset creates company’s distinctive competency that tough to be imitated by competitor. Howere asset specificity features a direct impact on a firm’s in progress truthful price determination, bankruptcy risk, liquidation value, and abandonment option. On alternative hand, the ownerhip of this quality specificity has serious consequences on finance strategy. Bank faces serious issue to create a correct valuation of specific and opaque asset so bank charges higher value of debt. we discover no distinction within the extent to that good news is delayed in earnings for corporations conditional on asset specificity. This study use 280 non finance service and non agriculture type listed in IDX on 2018. However The information assortment used documentation technique and also the data analysis utilized was multiple correlation analysis. we have a tendency to document a significant negative association between quality specificity and conditional conservatism especially in Mining, Miscellaneous industry, and good consumer Industry But we notice new findings within the infrastructure sector there's a significant positive impact of specificity Asset specificity on conservatism.

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Park, Hee-Chang. "Application of a Relatively Expected Conditional Entropy for Association Rule Assessment". Korean Data Analysis Society 20, n.º 1 (28 de fevereiro de 2018): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37727/jkdas.2018.20.1.217.

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Neys, Wim De, Walter Schaeken e Géry d'Ydewalle. "Causal conditional reasoning and strength of association: The disabling condition case". European Journal of Cognitive Psychology 15, n.º 2 (janeiro de 2003): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09541440244000058.

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Kim, Donguk, e Alan Agresti. "Improved Exact Inference about Conditional Association in Three-Way Contingency Tables". Journal of the American Statistical Association 90, n.º 430 (junho de 1995): 632–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1995.10476557.

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Huang, Jim C., Christopher Meek, Carl Kadie e David Heckerman. "Conditional Random Fields for Fast, Large-Scale Genome-Wide Association Studies". PLoS ONE 6, n.º 7 (12 de julho de 2011): e21591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021591.

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de Falguerolles, Antoine, Said Jmel e Joe Whittaker. "Correspondence analysis and association models constrained by a conditional independence graph". Psychometrika 60, n.º 2 (junho de 1995): 161–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02301411.

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Asimit, Alexandru V., e Yiqing Chen. "Asymptotic results for conditional measures of association of a random sum". Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 60 (janeiro de 2015): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.insmatheco.2014.10.012.

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Jin, Sainan, Liangjun Su e Zhijie Xiao. "ADAPTIVE NONPARAMETRIC REGRESSION WITH CONDITIONAL HETEROSKEDASTICITY". Econometric Theory 31, n.º 6 (8 de setembro de 2014): 1153–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266466614000450.

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In this paper, we study adaptive nonparametric regression estimation in the presence of conditional heteroskedastic error terms. We demonstrate that both the conditional mean and conditional variance functions in a nonparametric regression model can be estimated adaptively based on the local profile likelihood principle. Both the one-step Newton–Raphson estimator and the local profile likelihood estimator are investigated. We show that the proposed estimators are asymptotically equivalent to the infeasible local likelihood estimators [e.g., Aerts and Claeskens (1997) Journal of the American Statistical Association 92, 1536–1545], which require knowledge of the error distribution. Simulation evidence suggests that when the distribution of the error term is different from Gaussian, the adaptive estimators of both conditional mean and variance can often achieve significant efficiency over the conventional local polynomial estimators.

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Dorgeloh, Heidrun. "‘If it didn't work the first time, we can try it again’: Conditionals as a grounding device in a genre of illness discourse". Communication and Medicine 11, n.º 1 (16 de março de 2015): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/cam.v11i1.25810.

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This article explores the occurrence and some special patterns of conditional usage in medical discourse produced by doctors and patients. Findings are based on the Journal of the American Medical Association with its section Clinical Crossroads, which was founded to further the cooperation of patients with medical professionals. The analysis centers upon the concept of prediction, which is considered both a semantic concept governing verb patterns as well as a communicative act prominent in medical encounters. It is found that, in the discourse context investigated here, patients are more concerned with prediction than doctors, but that they also produce at times unusual patterns in which they mirror their doctors’ voices. The mapping of mental spaces, inherent in the conditional construction, then takes the form of a mapping of voices as institutionalized by the genre. Such uses of conditionals suggest that a classification based on content, or ‘logic’, from which only pragmatic types of conditionals depart, turns out to be inadequate, since the construction operates on two simultaneous levels; these are grounded in the discourse situation provided by the genre. For medical communication, this illustrates that patients engage in their own predictions but also strive for an alignment with their doctors.

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Madah Marzuki, Marziana, e Effiezal Aswadi Abdul Wahab. "International financial reporting standards and conservatism in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations countries". Asian Review of Accounting 26, n.º 4 (3 de dezembro de 2018): 487–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ara-06-2017-0098.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the convergence of IFRS in ASEAN countries resulted in an improvement in financial-reporting quality, and in particular with regards the degree of conditional conservatism of financial reporting. Then, the authors investigate whether the convergence to IFRS and the degree of conditional conservatism is influenced by corruption as a proxy for the strength of ASEAN jurisdiction legal and enforcement systems. Design/methodology/approach The sample of this study is based on 22,085 firm-year observations from three ASEAN countries, namely, Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore from 2008 to 2014. This study employs a panel least square regression to test the effect of IFRS on two measures of conservatism which are asymmetric timeliness and accrual-based loss recognition. The conservatism data are extracted from ORBIS, while data for corruptions are extracted from Corruption Perception Index (CPI) that was released by Transparency International. Findings This study finds Convergence of IFRS enhance conditional conservatism. The findings are robust for two measures of conservatism which are asymmetric timeliness and accrual-based loss recognition. The result on unconditional conservatism finds that IFRS reduce unconditional conservatism, which supports that the code-law structures of the ASEAN countries as characterized by unconditional conservatism is reduced after IFRS convergence. A further test indicates that corruption reduces conditional conservatism in more corrupt countries. Research limitations/implications This study focused on three ASEAN countries only, as they have consistent convergence dates to the IFRS. Therefore the result may not be generalized to other ASEAN countries. Practical implications The study provides implications to the regulators that IFRS enhance financial-reporting quality and reduce the randomness of decisions that are based on financial information as has been introduced by unconditional conservatism. Therefore it is important for the regulators to incorporate IFRS compliance into laws and regulations. Currently, IFRS compliance is not incorporated into laws and regulations for ASEAN countries, except for Malaysia. In Malaysia, Section 7 of the Financial Reporting Act 1997 (FRA) empowers the Malaysian Accounting Standards Board (MASB) to issue approved accounting standards for application in Malaysia. Under section 26D of the FRA, financial statements that are prepared or lodged with the Central Bank, Securities Commission or Registrar of Companies must comply with the standards issued by the MASB. Originality/value This paper extends the literature on the effect of IFRS on conservatism as it provides robust effect of IFRS on both conditional and unconditional conservatism. In addition, this study extends the literatures on the effect of corruptions in the relationship between IFRS and conditional conservatism.

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Biddle, Gary C., Mary L. Z. Ma e Feng Wu. "Conditional Conservatism and the Cost of Equity Capital: Information Precision and Information Asymmetry Effects". Applied Finance and Accounting 2, n.º 1 (30 de novembro de 2015): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/afa.v2i1.1225.

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Prior studies report negative or insignificant relations between conditional conservatism and the cost of equity capital, arguing that conservatism reduces information risk. Using accounting-based conditional conservatism proxies, however, we find a significantly positive association between conditional conservatism and the cost of equity. This positive relation operates via improving information precision about negative earnings shocks and generally inflating information asymmetry among investors, both of which increase the cost of equity. We further find that the cost of equity effect of conditional conservatism disappears in the period after the enactment of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX), consistent with the notion that nationwide improvement of information precision about negative news and diminished information asymmetry are engendered by the SOX regulation. This study adds to researches on conditional conservatism, SOX, and the cost of equity, and also has policy implications.

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Kumar, Avinash, B. Unnikrishnan, T. Rekha, Prasanna Mithra, Nithin Kumar, Vaman Kulkarni, Ramesh Holla, B. B. Darshan e Manognya Chekragari. "Determinants for Acceptability of a Conditional Cash Transfer Scheme (Janani Suraksha Yojana) for Encouraging Institutional Deliveries among Antenatal Mothers". Journal of Health Management 20, n.º 2 (9 de abril de 2018): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972063418763655.

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The objective of this artile is to assess the determinants of acceptance of conditional cash transfer scheme (Janani Suraksha Yojana [JSY]) among antenatal women in Mangalore.The study is on matched case control study. The study has been carried out in the Government maternity hospital of Manipal University and on the antenatal women visiting government hospital for Ante natal care (ANC) and belonged to below poverty line. Total of 136 pregnant females, that is, 68 cases (availing conditional cash benefit) and 68 controls (not availing conditional cash benefit), were recruited in the study. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used as data collection tool. The association between the educational status of the participant and their acceptance of JSY and association between the educational status of the participant’s spouse and acceptance of JSY by their wives has been found to be statistically significant. The JSY has been successfully promoting institutional deliveries.

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Schäfer, H., e B. H. Greene. "The Performance of Conditional Tests for Family Data in Associated Regions Derived from GWAS". Methods of Information in Medicine 49, n.º 06 (2010): 625–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3414/me09-02-0056.

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Summary Background: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been used successfully to identify genetic loci associated with complex diseases and phenotypes. Often this association takes the form of several significant signals (such as small p-values) in a univariate analysis at various markers within a single genetic region. Once confirmed, these associations lead to the question if a single marker tags the association signal of another, functionally relevant variant or if the single marker tags a functionally relevant haplo-type. To deal with this question, methods for family data based on logistic regression, adaptations of the transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT) or weighted haplotype likelihood (WHL) methods have been proposed in the literature. Objectives: Objectives were to examine the effect of parameters such as sample size, inheritance model, and the effects of linkage disequilibrium (LD) in the region on the ability of a selection of methods to detect an independent effect from an additional locus. Methods: All methods tested were applied to simulated genetic data of trios comprising a single affected offspring and two parents. Results: While regression-based methods have advantages such as model flexibility, potentially increasing power, the WHL method was more robust against increasing LD in the scenarios analyzed. Conclusions: Simulation results suggest that the regression and WHL methods are better able with regard to statistical power than the adaptation of the TDT analyzed here to detect genetic effects at an additional locus while controlling for confounding at another locus.

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Sandboge, S., C. Osmond, E. Kajantie e J. G. Eriksson. "Early growth and changes in blood pressure during adult life". Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 7, n.º 3 (10 de dezembro de 2015): 306–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040174415007886.

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Previous studies suggest that the inverse association between birth weight and adult blood pressure amplifies with age. Rapid childhood growth has also been linked to hypertension. The objective of this study was to determine whether the association between childhood growth and adult blood pressure amplifies with age. The study comprised 574 women and 462 men from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study who attended a clinical study in 2001–2004 and a follow-up in 2006–2008. Mean age at the clinic visits was 61.5 and 66.4 years, respectively. Blood pressure was measured at both occasions. Conditional growth models were used to assess relative weight gain and linear growth. We studied the associations between conditional growth and blood pressure as well as the presence of hypertension. Relative weight gain and linear growth between ages 2 and 11 years were inversely associated with systolic blood pressure at mean age 66.4 years, after adjustment for sex, blood pressure at mean age 61.5 years, as well as other covariates. A one s.d. increase in linear growth between 2 and 11 years was associated with an OR of 0.61 for hypertension at mean age 66.4 years. Contrary to previous studies, we have shown an inverse association between childhood growth and adult blood pressure. There were, however, no associations between childhood growth and systolic blood pressure at mean age 61.5 years indicating that the beneficial effects of a more rapid than expected childhood growth might become more apparent with increasing age.

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So, Hon-Cheong, e Pak C. Sham. "Effect Size Measures in Genetic Association Studies and Age-Conditional Risk Prediction". Human Heredity 70, n.º 3 (2010): 205–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000319192.

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KANAT-MAYMON, YANIV, YIFTACH ARGAMAN e GUY ROTH. "The association between conditional regard and relationship quality: A daily diary study". Personal Relationships 24, n.º 1 (22 de novembro de 2016): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pere.12164.

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Wolford-Clevenger, Caitlin, Clara Bradizza, Dominic Parrott, Karen L. Cropsey e Gregory L. Stuart. "The conditional association of problematic drinking with suicidal ideation by alcohol expectancies". Addictive Behaviors 108 (setembro de 2020): 106436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106436.

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Verma, Atul, Andrew C. T. Ha, Carole Dennie, Vidal Essebag, Derek V. Exner, Naeem Khan, Chris Lane et al. "Canadian Heart Rhythm Society and Canadian Association of Radiologists Consensus Statement on Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices". Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal 65, n.º 4 (novembro de 2014): 290–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carj.2014.08.001.

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has historically been considered contraindicated for individuals with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) such as pacemakers and implantable defibrillators. Magnetic resonance scanners produce magnetic fields that can interact negatively with the metallic components of CIEDs. However, as CIED technology has advanced, newer MRI conditional devices have been developed that are now in clinical use and these systems have had demonstrated safety in the MRI environment. Despite the supportive data of such CIED systems, physicians remain reluctant to perform MRI scanning of conditional devices. This joint statement by the Canadian Heart Rhythm Society and the Canadian Association of Radiologists describes a collaborative process by which CIED specialists and clinics can work with radiology departments and specialists to safely perform MRI in patients with MRI conditional CIED systems. The steps required for patient and scanning preparation and the roles and responsibilities of the CIED and radiology departments are outlined. We also briefly outline the risks and a process by which patients with nonconditional CIEDs might also receive MRI in highly specialized centres. This document supports MRI in patients with MRI conditional CIEDs and offers recommendations on how this can be implemented safely and effectively.

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SHIN, HYOUNG DOO, IL KIM, CHAN-BUM CHOI, SOO OK LEE, HYE WON LEE e SANG-CHEOL BAE. "Different Genetic Effects of Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 (IRF5) Polymorphisms on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Korean Population". Journal of Rheumatology 35, n.º 11 (novembro de 2008): 2148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.080124.

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ObjectiveIn an effort to replicate additional associations of interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) polymorphisms with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in an Asian population, we examined those genetic effects in a Korean SLE cohort.MethodsEach IRF5 polymorphism was genotyped in 1565 subjects using the TaqMan method and examined to determine whether it could explain the association with SLE.ResultsThree single-nucleotide polymorphisms (IRF5-15-1, rs2070197, and rs10488631), which showed strong and/or independent association in Caucasian populations, were not polymorphic in our Korean population. Association analysis revealed different genetic effects in Koreans compared with Caucasian populations. In addition, conditional analysis suggested independent genetic effects of 3 variant groups in the Korean population.ConclusionWe demonstrate different genetic effects of IRF5 polymorphisms on the risk of SLE according to ethnicity.

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Cooper, Andrew, Eric Johannsen, Seiji Maruo, Ellen Cahir-McFarland, Diego Illanes, David Davidson e Elliott Kieff. "EBNA3A Association with RBP-Jκ Down-Regulates c-myc and Epstein-Barr Virus-Transformed Lymphoblast Growth". Journal of Virology 77, n.º 2 (15 de janeiro de 2003): 999–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.2.999-1010.2003.

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ABSTRACT Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen protein 3A (EBNA3A) is one of four EBNAs (EBNA-2, EBNALP, EBNA3A, and EBNA3C) through the cellular DNA sequence-specific transcription factor RBP-Jκ/CBF-1/CSL and are essential for conversion of primary B lymphocytes to lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). In the present study, we investigated the effects of EBNA3A on EBNA2 activation of transcription in the IB4 LCL by conditionally overexpressing EBNA3A three- to fivefold. EBNA3A overexpression increased EBNA3A association with RBP-Jκ, did not change EBNA3C association with RBP-Jκ or EBNA or LMP1 expression, decreased EBNA2 association with RBP-Jκ, decreased c-myc expression, and caused G0/G1 growth arrest with prolonged viability. Expression of the fusion protein MycERTM in cells with conditional EBNA3A overexpression restored cell cycle progression and caused apoptosis. In contrast, MycER in the same cells without EBNA3A overexpression enhanced cell proliferation and did not increase apoptosis. These data indicate that EBNA3A overexpression inhibits protection from c-myc-induced apoptosis. In assays of EBNA2- and RBP-Jκ-dependent transcription, EBNA3A amino acids 1 to 386 were sufficient for repression equivalent to that by wild-type EBNA3A, amino acids 1 to 124 were unimportant, amino acids 1 to 277 were insufficient, and a triple alanine substitution within the EBNA3A core RBP-Jκ binding domain was a null mutation. In reverse genetic experiments with IB4 LCLs, the effects of conditional EBNA3A overexpression on c-myc expression and proliferation did not require amino acids 524 to 944 but did require amino acids 278 to 524 as well as wild-type sequence in the core RBP-Jκ binding domain. The dependence of EBNA3A effects on the core RBP-Jκ interaction domain and on the more C-terminal amino acids (amino acids 278 to 524) required for efficient RBP-Jκ association strongly implicates RBP-Jκ in c-myc promoter regulation.

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Keeling, Stephanie O., Zainab Alabdurubalnabi, Antonio Avina-Zubieta, Susan Barr, Louise Bergeron, Sasha Bernatsky, Josiane Bourre-Tessier et al. "Canadian Rheumatology Association Recommendations for the Assessment and Monitoring of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus". Journal of Rheumatology 45, n.º 10 (1 de setembro de 2018): 1426–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.171459.

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Objective.To develop recommendations for the assessment of people with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Canada.Methods.Recommendations were developed using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach. The Canadian SLE Working Group (panel of Canadian rheumatologists and a patient representative from Canadian Arthritis Patient Alliance) was created. Questions for recommendation development were identified based on the results of a previous survey of SLE practice patterns of members of the Canadian Rheumatology Association. Systematic literature reviews of randomized trials and observational studies were conducted. Evidence to Decision tables were prepared and presented to the panel at 2 face-to-face meetings and online.Results.There are 15 recommendations for assessing and monitoring SLE, with varying applicability to adult and pediatric patients. Three recommendations focus on diagnosis, disease activity, and damage assessment, suggesting the use of a validated disease activity score per visit and annual damage score. Strong recommendations were made for cardiovascular risk assessment and measuring anti-Ro and anti-La antibodies in the peripartum period and conditional recommendations for osteoporosis and osteonecrosis. Two conditional recommendations were made for peripartum assessments, 1 for cervical cancer screening and 2 for hepatitis B and C screening. A strong recommendation was made for annual influenza vaccination.Conclusion.These are considered the first guidelines using the GRADE method for the monitoring of SLE. Existing evidence is largely of low to moderate quality, resulting in more conditional than strong recommendations. Additional rigorous studies and special attention to pediatric SLE populations and patient preferences are needed.

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