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Oodith, Pravina D., e Sanjana Brijball Parumasur. "Tapping into the bottom of the pyramid (bop) market in South Africa: possible? And how?" Corporate Ownership and Control 11, n.º 1 (2013): 280–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv11i1c2art6.
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Prahalad (2005) believes that the bottom of the pyramid (BOP) proposition can fulfill both the social goals of poverty eradication and the business goals of profits. The current ominous state of poverty in South Africa together with South Africa’s commitment to the United Nations Millennium Declaration to halve poverty by 2015 has motivated the researchers to consider Prahalad’s proposition of collaborating with the various constituencies including the multinational corporations (MNCs) to address the needs of the BOP market. This paper aims to evaluate the feasibility of implementing Prahalad’s Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP) proposition in the South African market and to conceptualize alternative approaches to developing marketing strategies for the South African BOP consumers. The study adopts a theoretical research study. It reviews statistics on the extent of poverty in South Africa. Arguments for and against the BOP proposition are examined and the researchers assess how the BOP proposition may work in the South African context. The secondary data indicates that the BOP is a lucrative market in the South African context. The authors conclude that the BOP proposition, if effectively implemented, has the potential to reduce poverty in South Africa and increase the profits of multinational corporations (MNCs). The researchers recognize the importance of MNC’s buying into the BOP proposition from the standpoint of corporate social responsibility (CSR). They also propose a 6As Framework for the implementation of the BOP philosophy and a model for eradicating/minimizing poverty through profits.
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Ntene, Tsoanelo, Samuel Azasu e Anthony Owusu-Ansah. "Corporate real estate and corporate strategy alignment in South Africa". Journal of Corporate Real Estate 22, n.º 3 (13 de janeiro de 2020): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcre-05-2019-0025.
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Purpose This paper aims to discuss whether alignment between corporate real estate strategy and corporate strategy exists for non-property companies listed on the Johannesburg Securities Exchange and what effects alignment has on the firms’ financial performance. Design/methodology/approach The study was both qualitative and quantitative in nature, with a specific focus on non-property firms listed on the Johannesburg Securities Exchange. The qualitative part of the study involved the analysis of the firms’ annual reports to determine the presence and use of corporate real estate strategies and their alignment to corporate strategy and the extraction of financial indicator data. The quantitative portion of the study involved the use of multivariate analysis, to distinguish and quantify the relationship, if any, between corporate real estate strategy and the identified financial performance indicators. The independent variables were the CRE strategies employed and the dependent variable was the share price. The methods used in this study have been applied before in European and Asian studies; this assisted in ensuring that validity and reliability was achieved. Findings The study finds that the most used strategy by firms (47%) is that which facilitates production, operation and service delivery. The Consumer Goods, Healthcare and Telecommunications sectors appear to demonstrate the highest level of alignment. Return on Shareholder Funds has a strong significant positive correlation with share price. Flexibility as a corporate real estate strategy also has a significant positive coefficient, which indicates a positive relationship with share price. Research limitations/implications Although consistent with results of studies conducted in Europe and Asia, the results of this research may not be applicable to privately held non-listed firms, state-owned enterprises, non-profits and educational institutions. This study also ignores the dynamic external environment in which firms operate and the necessity of firms adjusting their corporate real estate strategy to their changing business strategy. Practical implications These results suggest that the incorporation of corporate real estate strategy in the firms’ corporate strategy formulation has the potential to enhance shareholder value for South African firms. Real estate developers, landlords and owner occupiers would benefit from better understanding the strategic requirements of corporations to ensure that the solutions they provide increase the likelihood of maximizing shareholder return. Originality/value The role of corporate real estate strategy in the firms’ corporate strategy formulation has the ability to enhance shareholder value. This research adds to the scant literature on corporate real estate management in South Africa.
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Preston, G. R., R. F. Fuggle e W. R. Siegfried. "Attitudes of business leaders and professional ecologists toward corporate social funding of environmental conservation". South African Journal of Business Management 21, n.º 3 (30 de setembro de 1990): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v21i3.921.
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A study of South Africa's business leaders and professional ecologists reveals strong support for corporate social funding. However, the average level from after-tax profits considered appropriate for corporate social funding by business leaders (3%) is appreciably lower than the ecologists' average of 14,5%. Both business leaders and professional ecologists believe that environmental conservation deserves greater financial support than it currently receives. Education is rated as the most worthy sphere for corporate social funding by both groups. Whereas ecologists rate job creation and housing as of equal concern to environmental conservation, and health and welfare of lesser concern, business leaders rate them all as of greater worthiness for funding than environmental conservation. Both groups regard rural development as a less important target for funding (although the ecologists place a greater emphasis on this sphere than the business leaders do), and deem the arts and sport to be of low priority. The business leaders' preferences for funding follow their perceptions of the priority issues facing South Africa at present, whereas ecologists believe that such funding should be selective, rather than effectively being a back-up for government responsibilities. The expressed concern for support of population control, acknowledged to be the most serious conservation issue in South Africa at present, is offset by the low level of actual corporate support for this issue. Business leaders, in particular, claim that corporate social funding of environmental conservation is backed by shareholders.
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Nwafor, Anthony O. "The protection of environmental interests through corporate governance: A South African company law perspective". Corporate Board role duties and composition 11, n.º 2 (2015): 8–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cbv11i2art1.
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The quest to maximize profits by corporate administrators usually leaves behind an unhealthy environment. This trend impacts negatively on long term interests of the company and retards societal sustainable development. While there are in South Africa pieces of legislation which are geared at protecting the environment, the Companies Act which is the principal legislation that regulates the operations of the company is silent on this matter. The paper argues that the common law responsibility of the directors to protect the interests of the company as presently codified by the Companies Act should be developed by the courts in South Africa, in the exercise of their powers under the Constitution, to include the interests of the environment. This would guarantee the enforcement of the environmental interests within the confines of the Companies Act as an issue of corporate governance.
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Ackers, B. "Ethical considerations of corporate social responsibility - A South African perspective". South African Journal of Business Management 46, n.º 1 (31 de março de 2015): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v46i1.79.
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Today, companies are under increasing pressure to implement corporate social responsibility [CSR] programmes that account for the economic, social and environmental impacts of their operations. In addition to companies voluntarilywanting to be seen as responsible corporate citizens, the requirement for CSR reporting is being institutionalised by the King Code of Governance [King III] in South Africa. The application of King III is mandatory for all companies listedon the Johannesburg Stock Exchange [JSE], albeit on an 'apply or explain' basis. King III requires companies to not only disclose their CSR performance, but also to ensure that such disclosures have been independently assured. Irrespective ofthe underlying reason for companies disclosing their CSR performance and for providing independent assurance thereon, companies are moving away from simplistically applying the cliche attributed to Friedman that "the social responsibility of business was to use its resources to engage in activities that would increase profits". Companies that have traditionally provided financial reporting to shareholders, are now beginning to account for their non-financial performance to other stakeholders as well. This paradigm shift requires those charged with company governance and reporting (including accounting professionals usually associated with financial reporting), to re-examine their morals, values and ethical beliefs.
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Blake, Julian, Sonja Fourie e Michael Goldman. "The relationship between sports sponsorships and corporate financial returns in South Africa". International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship 20, n.º 1 (4 de fevereiro de 2019): 2–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsms-12-2016-0088.
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Purpose Sponsorship is a major contributor to income in the South African sports arena, and is a critical component allowing sports unions to remain financially viable and sustainable. Sports sponsoring companies, however, have long questioned the financial returns generated from these ventures. The purpose of this paper is to understand whether financial returns of companies with sports sponsorship in South Africa are significantly different to those without. This research was conducted on Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) listed companies that sponsored sport consistently between 2000 and 2015 for a period of two years. A quantitative methodology was employed whereby share price, revenue and earnings growth were analysed, comparing firms that did not adopt strategies involving sports sponsorships to those that did. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative methodology was employed, whereby share price, revenue and earnings growth were analysed, comparing firms that did not adopt strategies involving sports sponsorships to those that did. South Africa is an emerging market and a member of the BRICS Forum ranked 14th in the sport sponsorship market globally (Sport Marketing Frontiers, 2011), becoming increasingly dominant in the global sports industry (Goldman, 2011). The population consisted of JSE-listed Main Board and alternative exchange companies that participated in any form of consistent sports sponsorship in the given time frame: 2000-2015, where the company’s share price, revenue and earnings per share (EPS) data for the period were available from the INET BFA database. The JSE is ranked 17th in terms of market capitalisation (over $1 trillion) in the world, being the largest stock exchange on the African continent with over $30bn being traded on average monthly. Multiple journals today publish research done on the JSE, for example the International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, Investment Analysts Journal and the South African Journal of Accounting Research. This stock exchange is 125 years old and has over 400 listed companies of which 358 are domestic (Kruger et al., 2014). Findings Results show that companies involved in sports sponsorship during the period analysed did not experience enhanced share price or revenue growth in excess of those companies not involved in sports sponsorship. As a whole, sports sponsoring companies did however experience greater income growth (EPS) than those companies not involved in sports sponsorship. Enhanced revenue growth was found in the consumer services sector, indicating that sport sponsorship in this sector drives brand image and recall resulting in enhanced revenues. These results though indicate that a multitude of differing objectives may exist for companies engaging with sports sponsorship, with increased sales not the singular objective. In general it is concluded that sports sponsorship is considered to achieve a broad spectrum of outcomes that are likely to contribute to increased profitability. Research limitations/implications The relatively small size of 40 firms on the JSE in the South African sports sponsorship market is a limitation for this research. The purely quantitative approach limited the ability to gain the required level of insight into those sectors with small samples, which a qualitative study would reveal. SABMiller as example could not be analysed against its sector peers, given that it is one of the most prominent and consistent sports sponsors in South Africa across all major sporting codes. The telecommunications sector was represented entirely by companies that were involved in sports sponsorship and, hence, no in-depth comparison could be conducted within this sector. Vodacom, a major sponsor of sport in South Africa, could not be compared with its peers utilising purely financial and statistical methods. Cell C is one of the most prominent sponsors of rugby in South Africa, through its title sponsorship of the Cell C Sharks, and was not included in this study as it is not listed on the JSE. It is suggested that such companies should be included in a qualitative study approach. Practical implications The results of the Mann-Whitney U test for the consumer services and financial sectors confirm no significant difference in EPS growth for companies utilising consistent sports sponsorship as part of their marketing mix to those that do not. The consumer services sector has seen above-average revenue growth from sports sponsorship compared with its sector peers; however, the sector was unable to convert this increased revenue growth into increased profits, suggesting that the cost of sponsoring, as well as the operating costs associated with sports sponsorship, counteract any growth in revenue. Social implications The sample of sports-sponsoring companies experienced a larger annual mean EPS growth rate of 30.6 per cent compared to the remaining JSE Main Board companies which grew EPS annually at 27.4 per cent. The results of the Mann-Whitney U test confirm a significant difference in EPS growth for companies utilising consistent sports sponsorship as part of their marketing mix. From a practical interpretive perspective, this result reveals that those companies in South Africa involved in sports sponsorship consistently attain greater than market-related profit growth. This poses some interesting points for discussion, given that revenue growth was not statistically different, which suggests that many sponsors are utilising the sponsorships for purposes other than sales growths that result in a profitable outcome. The potential range of options is large but would likely comprise the creation of stronger supplier relationships, resulting in optimised business inputs. Sponsors might be utilising sponsorships to improve corporate social status, which assists them in creating regulatory compliance, in some instances. Additionally, these sponsorships may be utilised to maintain key client relationships that provide the highest levels of profitability, and whilst this might not grow revenue through new business acquisition, it may result in higher profitability as a result of a loyal and stable customer base. Originality/value Much of the available research focusses on the sponsorship of specific sporting events and the share price impact thereof at specific occasions like the announcement, renewal and termination. Where research is conducted across a multitude of sporting events and codes, this predominantly focusses on share price performance only, with varying and somewhat inconclusive results. There is little research focussing on wider, more comprehensive sets of sponsored events and sporting codes, and that seeks to provide an understanding of financial returns for sponsoring properties. In a study of more than 50 US-based corporations it was found that, as a group, corporations which consistently invested in sports sponsorships outperformed market averages, and that those with higher sponsorship spend achieved higher returns (Jensen and Hsu, 2011). The study utilised descriptive statistics. More analysis, utilising detailed statistical analysis, is required to better understand the effects of sponsorship on the wider set of variables analysed. In this case, a five-year compound annual growth rate was calculated for stock price appreciation, total revenue, net income and EPS, and analysed descriptively with only means and standard deviation. Measurement of such variables assists with an understanding of the materialized results of sponsorship as opposed to much of the work in this field, which analyses market reactions to sponsorship announcements.
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Ngwenya, Sam. "Working capital management and corporate profitability of listed companies in South Africa". Corporate Ownership and Control 8, n.º 1 (2010): 526–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv8i1c5p4.
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Working capital management plays a significant role in creating value for shareholders. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between working capital management and profitability of companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange for the period 1998 to 2008. The results revealed a statistically negative significant relationship between profitability (as measured through gross operating profit), the cash conversion cycle, the net trade cycle and number of days accounts receivable. The results further revealed a positive significant relationship between the number of days accounts payable, the number of days inventory and gross operating profit. The results suggest that managers can increase their companies’ profitability by effectively managing the cash conversion cycle and/or the net trade cycle.
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Kamga, Serges Djoyou, e Ogehcukwu O. Ajoku. "Reflections on how to Address the Violations of Human Rights by Extractive Industries in Africa: A Comparative Analysis of Nigeria and South Africa". Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 17, n.º 1 (21 de abril de 2017): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2014/v17i1a2255.
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Transnational companies (TNCs) in general and those operating in the extractive industry sector in particular have an impact on the realisation of human rights. Yet under international human rights law, instruments regulating TNCs’ obligations in terms of human rights are non-binding. Consequently, the state in which TNCs operate remains the only duty bearer of human rights and should ensure that companies under its jurisdiction comply with human rights. The aim of this article is to examine the extent to which Nigeria and South Africa comply with their obligations to ensure that TNCs in extractive industries operating within their borders promote and respect human rights. Ultimately it is argued that the legal architecture in the countries under study does not satisfactorily shield people from the actions of TNCs. In an attempt to remedy the situation, it is suggested that a way forward could be constructed on the following pillars: inserting human rights clauses into international trade and investment agreements; raising awareness of and sensitization on the importance of corporate social responsibility as a "profit maximising mechanism"; turning corporate social responsibility into binding human rights obligations; and using international human rights monitoring mechanisms. Though the points made in this article generally engage the human rights impacts of extractive industries in Nigeria and South African, the proposed solutions are generalisable to other societies in which these industries operate.
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Sewpersadh, Navitha Singh. "Governing Board Attributes as Profitability Influencers under Endogeneity: An Econometric Analysis in South Africa". ACRN Journal of Finance and Risk Perspectives 8, n.º 1 (2019): 133–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35944/jofrp.2019.8.1.009.
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Presently, the oversight role performed by the governing board has been interrogated due to the demise of several corporate giants. The governing board is responsible for advancing the strategic direction of the company by ensuring superior performance whilst managing risks. Accordingly, this study investigated whether the governing board has any influence on a firm’s profitability by using OLS and GMM estimation on an unbalanced panel of 130 firms over a six-year period. ROA served as a proxy for firm performance and several board-level governance variables were selected namely board size, board independence, CEO duality, director qualifications, and board interlocks. From an econometric contribution, this study found that the addition of instrument variables in the GMM estimation model has proven to be robust in examining corporate governance variables. GMM is also robust in controlling endogeneity and a possible bi-directional causality between board and profitability. From a theoretical contribution, agency, resource dependence and management hegemony theories are highly prevalent in the governing boards of the JSE. The results of this study are as envisaged in the SCP paradigm. All hypotheses were supported, showing overall that profitability is significantly influenced by the board attributes. This study provides a useful analysis of the theoretical framework used by academic writers as a foundation for model specification as well as contributes to the econometric methodology of corporate governance. These findings will also advise future researchers, stakeholders and regulators in better understanding the role of board composition from a profit maximisation and sustainability outlook.
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Twinomurinzi, Hossana, e Schalk Heunis. "house4hack: STIMULATING TECHNICAL AND PRACTICAL INNOVATION FOR SOCIAL GOOD". Journal of Information Technology Education: Discussion Cases 4 (2015): 01. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2131.
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John Burger, the founding member of house4hack, despite his passion for social good using practical innovation, was fully aware of the cost of getting people and organizations actively involved in social enterprises. The successful electrical and electronics engineer with a number of academic (PhD and Masters – cum laude) and corporate accolades (executive in a top firm) had already been at the top of the corporate ladder. But despite the success, his stronger desire to see South Africa become a net producer of IT and technical artifacts rather than a net importer had led him to rethink his entire life strategy. After deep discussions on the merits of free and open source software development with two friends, they decided to start house4hack as a non-profit organization. The main purpose of house4hack was to provide an innovative environment, a hacker space, where members could conceptualise and create innovative technical artifacts which are well suited for the South African and African environment. The emphasis of house4hack was on making available technical equipment and working space so that members had an environment in which they could experiment and develop technical artifacts. An example of a technical artefact that emerged from house4hack is Robohand. Robohand is a mechanically driven artificial hand printed using 3D technology. Robohand has depended exclusively on donations to develop and distribute artificial hands to people who cannot afford them, such as in the war torn areas of South Sudan. It was now three years since house4hack started. The hacker space was exciting, new ideas and opportunities kept emerging at the Tuesday meet ups where members and visitors networked and collaborated on new techniques or technology they had come across. But despite the liveliness, there were some key questions and critical decisions on John’s mind: 1. How do we get more people involved in creating artifacts? 2. Where do we find seed funding to support house4hack? 3. Are we serving Africa well enough with relevant artifacts? 4. Am I falling right back into the corporate work lifestyle trap?
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Bussin, Mark, e Sean Barrett. "The effect of race on CEO pay-performance sensitivity in South Africa". African Journal of Employee Relations (Formerly South African Journal of Labour Relations) 40, n.º 2 (18 de fevereiro de 2019): 8–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2520-3223/5850.
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South Africa’s labour policies and the growing societal calls to better explain executive remuneration create a unique opportunity to examine the effects of race on CEO pay. This empirical research study sought to investigate the effects of race on the sensitivity of executive pay to corporate performance. The study aims to contribute to the literature by providing an evidence-based approach to understanding the effect of race on CEO remuneration. The research design was quantitative, descriptive and longitudinal in nature, utilising validated secondary data sources. The sample consisted of 19 black CEOs and a random sample of 45 white CEOs. All components of South African CEO remuneration studied were found to correlate strongly with PAT (Profit after Tax) and EBITDA (Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortisation) and to a lesser degree with ROE (Return on Equity) and HEPS (Headline Earnings per Share). Black and white CEO mean remuneration was found to show no significant difference as a result of race. A notable difference found was the higher degree of payperformance sensitivity and variability seen within the black CEO sample. The study showed that race does not affect the level of CEO remuneration but does impact on pay-performance sensitivity and variability.
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Rautenbach, Christa. "The Modern-Day Impact of Cultural and Religious Diversity: "Managing Family Justice in Diverse Societies"". Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 17, n.º 1 (21 de abril de 2017): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2014/v17i1a2257.
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Transnational companies (TNCs) in general and those operating in the extractive industry sector in particular have an impact on the realisation of human rights. Yet under international human rights law, instruments regulating TNCs’ obligations in terms of human rights are non-binding. Consequently, the state in which TNCs operate remains the only duty bearer of human rights and should ensure that companies under its jurisdiction comply with human rights. The aim of this article is to examine the extent to which Nigeria and South Africa comply with their obligations to ensure that TNCs in extractive industries operating within their borders promote and respect human rights. Ultimately it is argued that the legal architecture in the countries under study does not satisfactorily shield people from the actions of TNCs. In an attempt to remedy the situation, it is suggested that a way forward could be constructed on the following pillars: inserting human rights clauses into international trade and investment agreements; raising awareness of and sensitization on the importance of corporate social responsibility as a "profit maximising mechanism"; turning corporate social responsibility into binding human rights obligations; and using international human rights monitoring mechanisms. Though the points made in this article generally engage the human rights impacts of extractive industries in Nigeria and South African, the proposed solutions are generalisable to other societies in which these industries operate.
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Pienaar, Wessel. "Railway corporate governance in a free-functioning freight transport market: a South African position". Corporate Ownership and Control 7, n.º 3 (2010): 448–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv7i3c4p4.
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Defining the economic role of rail freight transport in the national transport system of South Africa should be one of the basic ingredients of both an economically rational transport policy and the effective functioning of Transnet Freight Rail. In the interest of the national economy and in its own commercial interest, Transnet Freight Rail must only specialise in those fields where it can provide services tailored to the needs of customers at prices which are competitive and defensible in terms of economic principles. The institutional framework governing Transnet Freight Rail’s operations should create an environment conducive to the management of its operations as a fully competitive and profit-oriented business by: fostering a competitive freight transport market; providing any required socio-economic rail services under special agreements; Transnet’s board of directors defining management objectives and granting real management autonomy to Transnet Freight Rail; and Transnet Freight Rail defining clear and adequate performance indicators for itself. On the basis of these conditions, this paper outlines a governance structure under which Transnet Freight Rail as a public corporation can operate within a climate of free and effective competition.
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Steyn, Blanché, e Lesley Stainbank. "Separation of ownership and control in South African-listed companies". South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 16, n.º 3 (2 de setembro de 2013): 316–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v16i3.418.
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This article tests the separation of ownership and control in South African-listed companies that leads to the divergence of interest between shareholders and directors. Where listed companies are owned by so many shareholders that their diffused shareholding results in negligible control over the directors who manage the assets of the company, it is likely that the directors will manage and direct the company to maximise their self-interest to the detriment of the interest of the shareholders. The separation of ownership and control and the maximisation of self-interest are central themes in the agency theory. Researching their validity in a South African context where the market is less liquid and the stock exchange is significantly smaller can add a valuable contribution to the continuing debate on corporate governance in the country. The article analyses 186 listed South African companies using data extracted over four years to test whether there is separation of ownership and control and whether such separation leads to the maximisation of self-interest. Data were extracted for the years 2005 and 2006, using the shareholding in 2006 to determine control, and for the years 2009 and 2010, using the shareholding in 2010 to determine control. Directors’ remuneration as a percentage of assets was used as a proxy for the maximisation of directors’ interest, and profit attributable to shareholders as a percentage of assets was used as a proxy for the maximisation of shareholders’ interest. These proxies were used to test the impact of control during the two controlling periods, namely 2006 and 2010.The article finds that the majority of listed companies in South Africa are controlled by a dominant shareholder. However, there are still a significant number of companies where the directors have de facto control. Contrary to the expectation that companies controlled by directors will aim to maximise directors’ remuneration, or companies controlled by shareholders will aim to maximise profit attributable to shareholders, this article finds the opposite to be true. This is possibly an indication that the controlling parties might consider factors other than their direct financial self-interest, or that there is an inherent cost associated with control.
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Cant, Michael Colin, e Elsa C. Nell. "Employee theft in the South African retail industry: Killing the goose that lays the golden egg?" Corporate Ownership and Control 10, n.º 1 (2012): 444–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv10i1c4art5.
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Employee theft has once again come to the fore as a result of the economic crises prevailing world wide. It is a known fact that as economic hardships increase people are looking at other ways and means to supplement their declining income. One such method is unethical behaviour in the form of employee theft. Retail shrinkage as a result of theft by employees and consumers is a serious problem worldwide and has a direct effect on commerce and industry. Not only does it result in a loss of profit but the retailer is also faced with additional costs such as legal expenses, loss of productivity, expensive security measures, product replacements, increased insurance, loss of trained staff and the expense of retraining new staff in the case of conviction of dishonest employees. The cost of employee theft is enormous and it has a definite and detrimental impact on business activities. Industry estimates place shrinkage at between 5 and 7 percent of turnover, with most companies budgeting for at least 3 to 5 percent. The main purpose of the study was to examine the reasons why employees participate in this type of dishonest behaviour and the methods that they use in such instances. The research followed a quantitative approach where a survey questionnaire was used as the data collection method. As few if any person will admit to stealing, projection techniques were used to obtain the information. It was found that employees are aware of a variety of methods by which employees steal. The impression was gained that employees are not aware of the impact and effect losses of this nature have on the future success of a company. Dishonesty creates its own vicious circle. If management is perceived as treating employees unfairly in order to make even larger profits employees become defiant and react in such a dishonest manner. Employees then regard stealing as paying management back for this. This study highlights the areas where corrective action is required and indicates the need for a strict security policy and a beneficial corporate environment to be created by management.
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Krige, Kerryn Ayanda Malindi, Verity Hawarden e Rose Cohen. "From NPO to social enterprise: the story of Schwab awardee, Sharanjeet Shan". Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 9, n.º 4 (13 de dezembro de 2019): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-02-2018-0015.
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Learning outcomes This case study introduces students to the core characteristics of social entrepreneurship by teaching Santos (2012) positive theory. The case allows students to transition from comprehension and application of what social entrepreneurship is, to considering how they operate. Druckers (2005) argument that social organisations will never have sufficient resources to do their work because they operate in an environment of infinite need is the catalyst for a conversation on resource dependency theory and the risks of mission drift. Students are introduced to the funding spectrum that can be used to understand the type of income that comes to an organisation, and to apply this to the case. By the end of their studies, students should be able to apply the Santos (2012) definition to social enterprises and social entrepreneurs, have insight into the complexity of operating in an environment of infinite need and able to apply the funding spectrum as a tool to manage to understanding financial sustainability. Case overview/synopsis The case tells the story of Sharanjeet Shan, a globally recognised social entrepreneur, and recipient of the Schwab Foundation’s Social Entrepreneur of the Year award in 2015. Shan moved to South Africa as the country moved into democracy, and has spent the past 20-plus years building the skills of Black African school children in mathematics and science through the organisation she leads, Maths Centre. But the country remains at the bottom of world rankings for the quality of its maths and science education, despite spending more per capita on education than any other country in Africa. Maths Centre has seen a dip in donations despite steady growth in the amount of money that businesses are investing in social change in South Africa through corporate social investment. But does Shan really need more donor income? Or are there other ways that she can build the financial sustainability of Maths Centre? Complexity academic level This case study is aimed at students of non-profit management, entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurship, women in leadership, corporate social investment, development studies and sustainable livelihoods. It is written at an Honours / Masters level and is therefore also appropriate for use in customised or short programmes. The case study is a good introduction for students with a background in business (e.g. Diploma in Business Administration / MBA / custom programmes) who are wanting to understand social enterprise and apply their learning's. Supplementary materials A list of supplementary materials is provided in the Teaching Note as Table I, which includes video's, radio interview recordings and a book chapter. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.
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Chinomona, Elizabeth, e Osas Omoruyi. "The influence of CSR, innovation and supply chain partnership on firm competitiveness". Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 6, n.º 4 (2016): 345–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv6i4c2art12.
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Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is crucial for competitive advantage and survival of firms globally. In the pursuit of excellence, many firms have embarked on CSR programs, considering that it is not a financial burden but a strategic roadmap to increase and maintain their brand reputation, to overcome competitive pressures successfully and to efficiently and effectively lower operating cost with profit maximisation through innovation and supply chain partnership. However, in the process of becoming good players of CSR to society, innovative dimension for sustainability as well as an organisation’s supply chain partnership may be essential determinants to enhance good firm business processes and performance activities. In other words, to realise CSR, firms should have a strong environmental measure and well-integrated supply chain practices closely related to their business objectives and structures. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to examine the influence of CSR on innovation, supply chain partnership and firm competitiveness on firms around Vanderbijlpark, South Africa. Through a quantitative method using smart PLS, this study tested the relationships among the four variables, which are CSR, innovation, supply chain partnership and firm competitiveness. The results showed that there is a positive relationship between the four proposed hypotheses. H1: There is a positive relationship between CSR and innovation; H2: There is a positive relationship between CSR and supply chain partnership; H3: There is a positive relationship between innovation and firm competitiveness; H4: There is a positive relationship between supply chain partnership and firm competitiveness. The proposed study is expected to have practical and theoretical implications to policy makers and managers. In addition, it will provide added insights and new knowledge to the existing body of literature hitherto not studied extensively in South African firms.
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Schroering, Caitlin. "Constructing Another World: Solidarity and the Right to Water". Studies in Social Justice 15, n.º 1 (8 de fevereiro de 2021): 102–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/ssj.v15i1.2435.
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Globally, one in eight people lacks access to potable water; more people die from unsafe drinking water than from all forms of violence, including war. A substantial body of research documents that the privatization of water – led by global financial institutions working in collusion with governments and corporations – does not lead to more people gaining access to safe water. In fact, the opposite is true: privatization leads to both higher cost and lower quality water. For the past century, the dominant focus of transnational organizing has been “from the West to the rest,” and the frequent attention to movements in the global North has led to the neglect of transnational linkages between movements. Drawing on fieldwork conducted on three right to water movements that span three continents (North America, South America, and Africa), this paper examines effortsto reclaim the water commons,and how struggles have been driven by grassroots movements demanding that democracy, transparency, and the human right to water are prioritized over corporate profit. As feminist scholars have pointed out, the “standpoint” offered by marginalized actors offers important insights into the operation of systems of power and the strategies of survival and resistance that less powerful actors adopt in order to survive and thrive. This paper explores how transnational movements around water and other basic rights engage with and learn from each other.
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Börzel, Tanja A., Jana Hönke e Christian R. Thauer. "Does it really take the state?" Business and Politics 14, n.º 3 (outubro de 2012): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bap-2012-0023.
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This paper explores the role of the state for an effective engagement of multinational corporations (MNCs) in corporate social responsibility (CSR). In the OECD context, the “shadow of hierarchy” cast by the state is considered an important incentive for MNCs to engage in CSR activities that contribute to governance. However, in areas of limited statehood, where state actors are too weak to effectively set and enforce collectively binding rules, profit-driven MNCs confront various dilemmas with respect to costly CSR standards. The lack of a credible regulatory threat by state agencies is therefore often associated with the exploitation of resources and people by MNCs, rather than with business’ social conduct. However, in this paper we argue that there are alternatives to the “shadow of hierarchy” that induce MNCs to adopt and implement CSR policies that contribute to governance in areas of limited statehood. We then discuss that in certain areas such functional equivalents still depend on some state intervention to be effective, in particular when firms are immune to reputational concerns and in complex-task areas that require the involvement of several actors in the provision of collective goods. Finally, we discuss the “dark side” of the state and show that the state can also have negative effects on the CSR engagement of MNCs. We illustrate the different ways in which statehood and the absence thereof affect CSR activities of MNCs in South Africa and conclude with some considerations on the conditions under which statehood exerts these effects.
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Visser, Wayne. "Corporate Citizenship in South Africa". Journal of Corporate Citizenship 2005, n.º 18 (1 de junho de 2005): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.9774/gleaf.4700.2005.su.00007.
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Paul, Karen. "Corporate Social Responsibility in South Africa". Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society 3 (1992): 500–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/iabsproc1992332.
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Hamman, Ralph, e Sean de Cleene. "South Africa's corporate responsibility in Africa". South African Journal of International Affairs 12, n.º 2 (dezembro de 2005): 127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10220460509556773.
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Marta, Janet K. Mullin, Anusorn Singhapakdi e Nicola Higgs-Kleyn. "Corporate ethical values in South Africa". Thunderbird International Business Review 43, n.º 6 (2001): 755–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tie.1028.
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LEACH, D. F. "Concentration and Profits in South Africa: Monopoly or Efficiency?" South African Journal of Economics 60, n.º 2 (junho de 1992): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1813-6982.1992.tb01023.x.
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Croucher, Richard, e Lilian Miles. "Corporate Governance and Employees in South Africa". Journal of Corporate Law Studies 10, n.º 2 (outubro de 2010): 367–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/147359710793129435.
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Andreasson, Stefan. "Understanding Corporate Governance Reform in South Africa". Business & Society 50, n.º 4 (18 de fevereiro de 2009): 647–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0007650309332205.
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Aron, J., e J. Muellbauer. "Personal and Corporate Saving in South Africa". World Bank Economic Review 14, n.º 3 (1 de setembro de 2000): 509–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wber/14.3.509.
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Mutiro, Sly Newton, e Stanley Fore. "The perception of corporate services directorate in a metropolitan municipality on King III good governance compliance in business and projects". Journal of Governance and Regulation 4, n.º 1 (2015): 130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v4_i1_c1_p4.
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Good governance has been and is a growing phenomenon for many business organisations regardless of size, profit margins and purpose for existence. The South African Metropolitan municipality Metropolitan Municipality is one such organisation that has adopted good governance models to business practices. The challenge was how to effectively and efficiently implement governance issues around projects and business organisations. A number of people, committees and institutions have developed different governance frameworks that can be adopted by organisations as a guide to good governance. This research is based on King III guide to good governance. The objective was to establish the perceptions of the corporate services directorate in the South African Metropolitan municipality municipality on King III good governance compliance by interviewing some employees orally and through a questionnaire. The responses were captured and analysed using IMB SPSS software. Problems were identified in governance training and understanding in general. Another major finding was poor communication internally and externally. To overcome these shortfall recommendations were made. Communication models, communication plan, governance models and training were recommended. The major challenges facing the South African Metropolitan municipality Metropolitan Municipality are poor effective governance communication and lack of governance training.
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FIG, DAVID. "Manufacturing amnesia: Corporate Social Responsibility in South Africa". International Affairs 81, n.º 3 (maio de 2005): 599–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2005.00471.x.
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Vettori, Stella. "Employee as Corporate Governance Stakeholder in South Africa". Social Responsibility Journal 1, n.º 3/4 (março de 2005): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb045804.
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Ntim, Collins G. "Director shareownership and corporate performance in South Africa". African J. of Accounting, Auditing and Finance 1, n.º 4 (2012): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ajaaf.2012.052137.
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Finestone, Nicozaan, e Retha Snyman. "Corporate South Africa: making multicultural knowledge sharing work". Journal of Knowledge Management 9, n.º 3 (junho de 2005): 128–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13673270510602827.
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Coldwell, David Alastair Lindsay, e Tasneem Joosub. "Corporate social responsibility in South Africa: quo vadis?" African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 6, n.º 4 (7 de dezembro de 2015): 466–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-11-2013-0102.
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Purpose – Strategies and policies aimed at alleviating poverty in Sub-Saharan African countries usually depend on capitalistically driven economic growth. However, the view that capitalism needs to reinvent itself to survive the crisis of confidence brought about by the recent global financial collapse depends on the extent to which such a shared value oriented, sustainable capitalist reinvention is embraced by emergent business leaders. A sustainable system of capitalism driven by business and community shared value can only take root if the hearts and minds of future business leaders are convinced of their cogency and appropriateness. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This paper reports the findings of an empirical study utilizing a Likert-type scale designed to measure corporate shared value (CSV) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) among a sample of fourth year accountancy students at a leading South African university. Findings – Preliminary findings suggest that perceptions of this group of emergent leaders generally regard CSR rather than CSV as the “correct” business model for companies to follow. Although the sample is limited to one South African university and is relatively small, it contributes to the literature by offering insight into emergent business leaders’ perceptions and their view of the direction of CSR in South Africa should take. Research limitations/implications – Implications of the paper are that by offering insight into emergent business leaders’ perceptions of South African society and specifically their view of the direction South African CSR should take, the paper suggests prescriptive remedial steps in policy that educational and other learning institutions could take to engender appropriate social values in learners. Originality/value – The study contributes to the literature by offering devised and tested measuring instruments for CSR and CSV in the South African context and gives insight into emergent business leaders’ perceptions and their view of the direction of CSR in South Africa should take.
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Skinner, Chris, e Gary Mersham. "Corporate social responsibility in South Africa: emerging trends". Society and Business Review 3, n.º 3 (3 de outubro de 2008): 239–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17465680810907314.
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Ramlall, Sharlene. "Corporate social responsibility in post‐apartheid South Africa". Social Responsibility Journal 8, n.º 2 (junho de 2012): 270–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17471111211234888.
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Batchelor, Peter, Paul Dunne e Sepideh Parsa. "Corporate performance and military production in South Africa". Defence and Peace Economics 11, n.º 4 (janeiro de 2000): 615–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10430710008404970.
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Diamond, G., e G. Price. "The political economy of corporate governance reform in South Africa". South African Journal of Business Management 43, n.º 1 (30 de março de 2012): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v43i1.176.
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This study describes the political-economic dimension of corporate governance reform in South Africa. It then investigates the relationship between corporate governance institutions and systems on the one hand and the political, economic and historical context of South African society on the other. The study establishes the political, economic and historical determinants of corporate governance reform as they evolved in the course of South African corporate history. The study concludes that South African corporate governance reform and such reform in the Commonwealth economic systems have a lot in common in terms of their historical evolution. This is despite the reasons for such reform being vastly different. The outcome of the political process in South Africa, for very specific reasons, is that a specific shareholder model of corporate governance became the corporate governance system in South Africa.
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Khlif, Hichem, Achraf Guidara e Mohsen Souissi. "Corporate social and environmental disclosure and corporate performance". Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies 5, n.º 1 (2 de fevereiro de 2015): 51–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaee-06-2012-0024.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between corporate performance and social and environmental disclosure for two African leading countries namely, South Africa (common law country) and Morocco (civil law country). Design/methodology/approach – The sample consists of 168 annual reports spanning from 2004 to 2009. A content analysis of companies’ annual reports is used to measure the extent of voluntary social and environmental disclosure. Findings – Results show that social and environmental disclosure has a significant positive effect on corporate performance only in the South African setting. Originality/value – The findings emphasize the need to explicitly consider the legal and institutional setting prevailing in each context. For instance, social and environmental organizations in South Africa enjoy more power to influence companies’ social and environmental reporting policy, whereas, their counterparts in Morocco, enjoy less power to place pressure on companies to incorporate social and environmental considerations into business operations.
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Durbach, I. N., e H. Parker. "An analysis of corporate board networks in South Africa". South African Journal of Business Management 40, n.º 2 (30 de junho de 2009): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v40i2.537.
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In this paper we analyse the networks created from directors sitting on the boards of companies in South Africa. We consider two projections of this network: a director network, in which only directors are present and two directors are linked if they sit together on one or more common boards; and a firm network, in which only firms are present and an edge indicates that the two firms share one or more directors. We describe these networks in terms of the statistical properties that they possess, and compare them to theoretical values obtained under various random network models. The network analysis is the first to be applied to a relatively small emerging economy like South Africa. We find that many of the features previously found to hold for highly-developed countries also apply here, suggesting that corporate networks may be fairly robust to stages of economic development.
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Demetriades, K., e C. J. Auret. "Corporate social responsibility and firm performance in South Africa". South African Journal of Business Management 45, n.º 1 (31 de março de 2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v45i1.113.
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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) can be viewed from two different perspectives: that of the business; and that of the individual investor (Socially Responsible Investing, SRI). In this study regression analysis as well as an event study was used to examine the link between CSR and firm performance. The results suggested that in the short-term there were no significant price effects on the SRI shares. In contrast, the returns of SRI portfolios over the sample period seemed to be superior to those of conventional firms. The regression analysis found that generally the SRI coefficients were insignificant; however using one of the models during the fifteen year sample period, SRI constituents attained a ROE that was 11.18% higher (as well as a ROA that was 1.824% lower) than conventional firms. When the period was restricted to 2004-2009 it was found that social performance was positively - and sometimes significantly - correlated with ROE.
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Govender, Daysen, e Russell Abratt. "Multiple Stakeholder Management and Corporate Reputation in South Africa". International Studies of Management & Organization 46, n.º 4 (24 de março de 2016): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00208825.2016.1140520.
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Makina, Anesu, e Albert Luthuli. "Corporate South Africa and biodiversity in a green economy". International Journal of African Renaissance Studies - Multi-, Inter- and Transdisciplinarity 9, n.º 2 (3 de julho de 2014): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18186874.2014.987963.
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Mangaliso, Mzamo P. "South Africa: Corporate Social Responsibility and the Sullivan Principles". Journal of Black Studies 28, n.º 2 (novembro de 1997): 219–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002193479702800205.
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Blount, Geoffrey, e Sinclair Davidson. "Stock market responses to corporate unbundling in South Africa". De Ratione 10, n.º 1 (dezembro de 1996): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10108270.1996.11435064.
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Bond, Patrick. "Social Movements and Corporate Social Responsibility in South Africa". Development and Change 39, n.º 6 (novembro de 2008): 1037–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7660.2008.00528.x.
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Abratt, Russell, e Thabiso Nsenki Mofokeng. "Development and management of corporate image in South Africa". European Journal of Marketing 35, n.º 3/4 (1 de abril de 2001): 368–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03090560110382075.
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Gathers empirical evidence on how South African organisations manage their corporate image management process. The aim is to establish whether one of the leading models of the corporate image management process is applicable to practitioners in the area. While there is renewed interest in both academic and management circles, relatively few studies exist in the area of image management. In‐depth interviews with ten organisations that substantially changed their images recently were undertaken. The results are reported and confirm that the current knowledge and constructs on the corporate image management process are being put into practice by marketers.
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Le Bruyns, Clint. "Corporate Social Responsibility and Gender Justice in South Africa". International Journal of Public Theology 3, n.º 2 (2009): 222–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156973209x416016.
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AbstractThis article critically explores the extent to which corporate social responsibility in South Africa contributes to the quest for gender justice in the world of economy. It fi nds that business has avoided the notion of responsibility in favour of investment and philanthropy, and that meaningful and constructive approaches to gender ideals have not as a result been forthcoming. e article argues for a renewed understanding of and commitment to responsibility with special attention given to underlying perspectives impeding this approach, but sees much promise in the role that churches with their theology and partners could fulfil in assisting the public discourse on women's human dignity, equality and freedom amidst various economic challenges.
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Komegay, Francis, e Chris Landsberg. "Phaphama iAfirika!:The African Renaissance and Corporate South Africa". African Security Review 7, n.º 4 (janeiro de 1998): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.1998.9627989.
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Singh, Gurcharan, Anwar Halari e William Satoh. "Corporate governance mechanisms and risk-taking in South Africa". International Journal of Business Governance and Ethics 13, n.º 4 (2019): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbge.2019.099568.
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Satoh, William, Gurcharan Singh e Anwar Halari. "Corporate governance mechanisms and risk-taking in South Africa". International Journal of Business Governance and Ethics 13, n.º 4 (2019): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbge.2019.10021063.
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