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Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Cotton – Plant pathogens"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 1 de fevereiro de 2022

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1

Bashan, Yoav, Hanna Levanony, and Reuven Or. "Association between Alternaria macrospora and Alternaria alternata, causal agents of cotton leaf blight." Canadian Journal of Botany 69, no. 12 (1991): 2603–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-324.

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The association between Alternaria macrospora and Alternaria alternata, responsible for the development of alternaria blight disease in cotton, was evaluated in artificially inoculated greenhouse plants and in naturally infested field plants. When greenhouse plants were inoculated with suboptimal doses of both pathogens (< 1.2 × 104 spores/mL) infection was greater than when separately inoculated by each pathogen at optimal dosage. In field-grown, naturally infected plants (Gossypium barbadense), both pathogens were found together in more than 40% of the plants. A second field-grown cotton

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2

Bashan, Yoav. "Symptom expression and ethylene production in leaf blight of cotton caused by Alternaria macrospora and Alternaria alternata alone and in combination." Canadian Journal of Botany 72, no. 11 (1994): 1574–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b94-194.

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The interaction between the cotton leaf pathogens Alternaria macrospora and Alternaria alternata was studied using dual inoculation at dosages (≈ 103 spores/(mL ∙ pathogen)) that did not produce symptoms with either pathogen alone. This dual inoculation produced the typical disease symptoms (spots and shedding) and disease severity similar to inoculation with 104 spores/mL of A. macrospora alone. Neither pathogen produced ethylene in culture; however, they induced production of ethylene concentrations by diseased tissue that were correlated to both disease severity and leaf shedding. Plants in

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3

Degani, Ofir, Shlomit Dor, Dekel Abraham, and Roni Cohen. "Interactions between Magnaporthiopsis maydis and Macrophomina phaseolina, the Causes of Wilt Diseases in Maize and Cotton." Microorganisms 8, no. 2 (2020): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8020249.

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Fungal pathogens are a significant threat to crops worldwide. The soil fungus, Magnaporthiopsis maydis, severely affects sensitive maize hybrids by causing the rapid wilting of plants at the maturity stage. Similarly, the soil fungus, Macrophomina phaseolina, develops in a variety of host plants, which leads to rot and plant mortality. The presence of both pathogens together in diseased cotton plants in Israel suggests possible interactions between them. Here, these relationships were tested in a series of experiments accompanied by real-time PCR tracking in maize and cotton. Despite the fact

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4

Gui, Yue-Jing, Wen-Qi Zhang, Dan-Dan Zhang, et al. "A Verticillium dahliae Extracellular Cutinase Modulates Plant Immune Responses." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 31, no. 2 (2018): 260–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-06-17-0136-r.

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Cutinases have been implicated as important enzymes during the process of fungal infection of aerial plant organs. The function of cutinases in the disease cycle of fungal pathogens that invade plants through the roots has been less studied. Here, functional analysis of 13 cutinase (carbohydrate esterase family 5 domain–containing) genes (VdCUTs) in the highly virulent vascular wilt pathogen Verticillium dahliae Vd991 was performed. Significant sequence divergence in cutinase family members was observed in the genome of V. dahliae Vd991. Functional analyses demonstrated that only VdCUT11, as p

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5

Bashan, Yoav. "Azospirillum plant growth-promoting strains are nonpathogenic on tomato, pepper, cotton, and wheat." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 44, no. 2 (1998): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w97-136.

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Six strains of Azospirillum belonging to five species of plant growth-promoting bacteria (A. brasilense, A. lipoferum, A. amazonense, A. irakense, and A. halopraeference) did not cause visible disease symptoms on the roots or leaves of tomato, pepper, cotton, and wheat, failed to inhibit seed germination, and did not reduce plant dry weight when seven standard techniques for the inoculation of plant pathogens were used. Similar inoculation conditions with plant pathogens (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, Xanthomonas campestris pv. translucens, and Xantho

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6

Arif, M., S. Dobhal, P. A. Garrido, et al. "Highly Sensitive End-Point PCR and SYBR Green qPCR Detection of Phymatotrichopsis omnivora, Causal Fungus of Cotton Root Rot." Plant Disease 98, no. 9 (2014): 1205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-13-0505-re.

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Phymatotrichopsis omnivora, the causal pathogen of cotton root rot, is a devastating ascomycete that affects numerous important dicotyledonous plants grown in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. P. omnivora is notoriously difficult to isolate from infected plants; therefore methods for accurate and sensitive detection directly from symptomatic and asymptomatic plant samples are needed for disease diagnostics and pathogen identification. Primers were designed for P. omnivora based on consensus sequences of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of geograp

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7

Walker, N. R., T. L. Kirkpatrick, and C. S. Rothrock. "Effect of Temperature on and Histopathology of the Interaction Between Meloidogyne incognita and Thielaviopsis basicola on Cotton." Phytopathology® 89, no. 8 (1999): 613–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1999.89.8.613.

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Controlled environments were used to study the relationship between the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and Thielaviopsis basicola on cotton. Temperature treatments were continuous 20, 24, and 28°C or two cyclic linear regimes with ranges of 14 to 32 or 18 to 28°C over 24 h. Cotton seeds were planted in fumigated soil infested with T. basicola, M. incognita, or both. After 42 days, pathogen effects on plant growth and pathogen development were evaluated. Histology was conducted on roots collected 14, 28, and 42 days after planting in the continuous 24°C treatment. Reductions in plan

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8

Mor, M., and E. Cohn. "New nematode pathogens in Israel:Meloidogyne on wheat andHoplolaimus on cotton." Phytoparasitica 17, no. 3 (1989): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02979539.

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9

He, Xin, Tianyi Wang, Wan Zhu, Yujing Wang, and Longfu Zhu. "GhHB12, a HD-ZIP I Transcription Factor, Negatively Regulates the Cotton Resistance to Verticillium dahliae." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 12 (2018): 3997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19123997.

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The homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-ZIP) is a plant-specific transcription factor family that plays important roles in plant developmental processes in response to multiple stressors. We previously isolated a cotton HD-ZIP class I transcription factor gene, GhHB12, which is regulated by the circadian clock and photoperiodism. Furthermore, it regulates cotton architecture, phase transition, and photoperiod sensitivity. Here we report that GhHB12 was induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and Verticillium dahliae infection. Additionally, stress-responsive elements were found in the GhHB12 promoter. P

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10

Dong, Yumei, Maofeng Jing, Danyu Shen, et al. "The mirid bug Apolygus lucorum deploys a glutathione peroxidase as a candidate effector to enhance plant susceptibility." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 9 (2020): 2701–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa015.

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Abstract The mirid bug Apolygus lucorum has become a major agricultural pest since the large-scale cultivation of Bt-cotton. It was assumed that A. lucorum, similarly to other phloem sap insects, could secrete saliva that contains effector proteins into plant interfaces to perturb host cellular processes during feeding. However, the secreted effectors of A. lucorum are still uncharacterized and unstudied. In this study, 1878 putative secreted proteins were identified from the transcriptome of A. lucorum, which either had homology with published aphid effectors or shared common features with pl

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Kuti, J. O., G. V. Latigo, and J. O. Bradford. "Techniques for Inoculation of Guayule Seedlings with Two Soil-borne Pathogens." HortScience 30, no. 4 (1995): 766E—766. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.766e.

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Soil-borne pathogens such as Macrophomina phaseolina (the causative agent of charcoal rot) and Phymatotrichum omnivorum (the causative agent of cotton root rot) contribute to mortality of transplanted guayule (Parthenium argentatum, Gray) seedlings in southern Texas. In order to select guayule genotypes for resistance to these pathogens, it would be useful to develop reliable greenhouse inoculation procedures for screening guayule seedlings. Twelve-week-old guayule seedlings (`11591', a USDA standard breeding line) were inoculated using two inoculation methods (soil-drenching and root-dipping)

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12

Liu, Nana, Xiaowen Ma, Yun Sun, Yuxia Hou, Xueyan Zhang, and Fuguang Li. "Necrotizing Activity of Verticillium dahliae and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum Endopolygalacturonases in Cotton." Plant Disease 101, no. 7 (2017): 1128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-16-0657-re.

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Polygalacturonase (PG), which digests the pectin of plant cell walls, contributes to pathogenicity of fungi in plants. To explore the role of PG in pathogenicity of the fungal cotton pathogens Verticillium dahliae and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, VDPG1 and FOVPG1 were cloned and their expression in different cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) cultivars and media was analyzed. VDPG1 and FOVPG1 were strongly upregulated during infection. Purified VDPG1 and FOVPG1 play important roles in the symptom development of both resistant and susceptible cotton. Moreover, after inoculation with purified

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13

Howell, C. R. "Cotton Seedling Preemergence Damping-Off Incited by Rhizopus oryzae and Pythium spp. and Its Biological Control with Trichoderma spp." Phytopathology® 92, no. 2 (2002): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2002.92.2.177.

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Planting the cotton cv. Sure-Grow 747 in cotton seedling disease plots during the 2001 growing season resulted in high levels of preemergence damping-off among the seedlings. Four cotton pathogens, Pythium aphanidermatum, P. ultimum, an unidentified Pythium sp., and Rhizopus oryzae, were isolated from diseased seed embryos and seedlings. Disease incited by the Pythium spp. could be controlled by seed treatment with Metalaxyl, but disease incited by R. oryzae could not. Seed treatment with Metalaxyl in naturally infested field soil was only partially effective; therefore, symptoms in 47% of the

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14

Ma, Jianbing, Juan Jaraba, Terrence L. Kirkpatrick, and Craig S. Rothrock. "Effects of Meloidogyne incognita and Thielaviopsis basicola on Cotton Growth and Root Morphology." Phytopathology® 104, no. 5 (2014): 507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-06-12-0120-r.

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Effects of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and the fungal pathogen Thielaviopsis basicola on cotton seedling growth and root morphology were evaluated in controlled environmental experiments. Four pathogen treatments, including noninfested soil, soil infested with M. incognita, soil infested with T. basicola, and soil infested with both pathogens were evaluated at soil bulk densities (BDs) of 1.25 and 1.50 g/cm3. Plant growth and the morphology of the root systems were evaluated 44 days after planting. Infestation with M. incognita and T. basicola together significantly reduced se

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15

Zhang, Ying, Xia Wang, Cheng Cheng, Qiuqiang Gao, Jingyun Liu, and Xingqi Guo. "Molecular cloning and characterization of GhNPR1, a gene implicated in pathogen responses from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)." Bioscience Reports 28, no. 1 (2008): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bsr20070028.

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A novel gene, designated as GhNPR1 (Gossypium hirsutum non-expressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1), was isolated from G. hirsutum (cotton) by RT–PCR (reverse transcription–PCR) and RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends). The full-length cDNA was 2108 bp long and had an ORF (open reading frame) that putatively encoded a polypeptide of 592 amino acids, with a predicted molecular mass of 66 kDa. Comparison of this protein sequence with that of Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica juncea and Nicotiana tabacum showed that the amino-acid homology was 52.98, 52.32 and 54.98% respectively. Analysis of t

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16

Chakrabarty, P. K., Y. P. Duan, and D. W. Gabriel. "Cloning and Characterization of a Member of the Xanthomonas avr/pth Gene Family That Evades All Commercially Utilized Cotton R Genes in the United States." Phytopathology® 87, no. 11 (1997): 1160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1997.87.11.1160.

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The highly virulent African strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum are quarantined pathogens in the United States and can evade or overcome all commercially utilized resistance (R) genes in cotton grown in the United States including the entire set of host differential lines used to distinguish 19 races of the pathogen. Nevertheless, the African strains carry multiple DNA fragments that strongly hybridize with members of the Xanthomonas avirulence (avr)/pathogenicity (pth) gene family. Since all previously tested members of the gene family confer avirulence against one or more R gen

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17

Marti, Orville G., and D. M. Olson. "Effect of Tillage on Cotton Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae), Pathogenic Fungi, and Predators in South Central Georgia Cotton Fields." Journal of Entomological Science 42, no. 3 (2007): 354–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-42.3.354.

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Two species of fungi, Neozygites fresenii Nowakowski (Batko) and Pandora neoaphidis Remaudiere and Hennebert (Humber), pathogens of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, were studied in 12 south central Georgia cotton fields under conservation or conventional tillage in 2003 and 2004. Aphids and ants on cotton plants were enumerated in both years, and aphid predators (coccinellids, lacewings, and spiders) were counted in 2004. Plant sampling began the first week of June and continued for 16 wks in 2003 and for 14 wks in 2004. Numbers of aphids on cotton plants increased until the first week

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18

Quadt-Hallmann, A., J. Hallmann, and J. W. Kloepper. "Bacterial endophytes in cotton: location and interaction with other plant-associated bacteria." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 43, no. 3 (1997): 254–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m97-035.

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Investigations were conducted to determine if biological control agent Pseudomonas fluorescens 89B-61 could colonize cotton tissues systemically and if internal colonization by a known endophytic bacterium, Enterobacter asburiae JM22, was influenced by the presence of other plant-associated bacteria. Following seed treatment, Pseudomonas fluorescens 89B-61 colonized cotton roots both externally and internally at mean population densities of 8.7 × 105 CFU/g and 1.1 × 103 CFU/g, respectively. However, bacteria were not detected in cotyledons, leaves, or stems. After inoculation onto leaves, Pseu

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19

Bashan, Yoav. "Field dispersal of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, and Alternaria macrospora by animals, people, birds, insects, mites, agricultural tools, aircraft, soil particles, and water sources." Canadian Journal of Botany 64, no. 2 (1986): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b86-041.

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Viable disseminating units of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Okabe) Young, Dye and Wilkie and Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Doidge) Dye, the bacterial leaf pathogens of tomato and pepper, respectively, and Alternaria macrospora Zimm, the causal agent of Alternaria blight in cotton, were found to be carried by a wide variety of agents including animals, people, insects, mites, agricultural tools, aircraft, soil particles, and water sources. Of these, specific insects and tools commonly used for crop cultivation were the most heavily contaminated. Soil adhering to agricultural tools

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20

Caspi-Fluger, Ayelet, Moshe Inbar, Netta Mozes-Daube, et al. "Horizontal transmission of the insect symbiont Rickettsia is plant-mediated." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1734 (2011): 1791–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.2095.

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Bacteria in the genus Rickettsia , best known as vertebrate pathogens vectored by blood-feeding arthropods, can also be found in phytophagous insects. The presence of closely related bacterial symbionts in evolutionarily distant arthropod hosts presupposes a means of horizontal transmission, but no mechanism for this transmission has been described. Using a combination of experiments with live insects, molecular analyses and microscopy, we found that Rickettsia were transferred from an insect host (the whitefly Bemisia tabaci ) to a plant, moved inside the phloem, and could be acquired by othe

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Hagedorn, C. "Field Evaluations of Bacterial Inoculants to Control Seedling Disease Pathogens on Cotton." Plant Disease 77, no. 3 (1993): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-77-0278.

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Rothrock, C. S. "The Influence of Winter Legume Cover Crops on Soilborne Plant Pathogens and Cotton Seedling Diseases." Plant Disease 79, no. 2 (1995): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-79-0167.

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23

Brannen, P. M., and D. S. Kenney. "Kodiak � --a successful biological-control product for suppression of soil-borne plant pathogens of cotton." Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology 19, no. 3 (1997): 169–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900439.

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Tian, Li, Weixia Sun, Junjiao Li, et al. "Unconventionally Secreted Manganese Superoxide Dismutase VdSOD3 Is Required for the Virulence of Verticillium dahliae." Agronomy 11, no. 1 (2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010013.

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Plant pathogens generally employ superoxide dismutase (SOD) to detoxify host defense reactive oxygen species (ROS), and to scavenge ROS derived from their own metabolism. However, the roles of SODs in an important vascular pathogen, Verticillium dahliae, are unclear. Our previous study has shown that a putative signal-peptide-lacking manganese superoxide dismutase (VdSOD3) is present in the exoproteome of V. dahliae cultured in tissues of host cotton, suggesting that VdSOD3 may be exported out of the fungal cells and contribute to the SOD activity extracellularly. Here, we confirm that the N-t

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Stutz, Mariana Cunha, Renato Carrer Filho, Geisiane Alves Rocha, Érico de Campos Dianese, and Marcos Gomes da Cunha. "Soft rot on the stems of Zamioculcas zamiifolia caused by Sclerotium rolfsii." Ornamental Horticulture 25, no. 4 (2019): 402–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v25i4.2019.

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Abstract Zamioculcas zamiifolia (Araceae) is one of the most widely grown exotic species in Brazil as ornamental plants and in landscape design. Despite tolerating transport and being well adapted to low-light environments, this ornamental is attacked by different pathogens. Thus, the aim was to detect and identify the pathogen that causes stem rot in commercial Z. zamiifolia crops. Z. zamiifolia plants exhibiting stem rot symptoms were sent for phytosanitary diagnosis. In a culture medium, the fungal isolate obtained (SR-001) displayed the following morphological characteristics: cotton-like

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Jabaji-Hare, Suha, and Stephen M. Neate. "Nonpathogenic Binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. and Benzothiadiazole Protect Cotton Seedlings Against Rhizoctonia Damping-Off and Alternaria Leaf Spot in Cotton." Phytopathology® 95, no. 9 (2005): 1030–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-95-1030.

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Recent reports have shown induction of resistance to Rhizoctonia root rot using nonpathogenic strains of binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. (np-BNR). This study evaluates the biocontrol ability of several np-BNR isolates against root and foliar diseases of cotton in greenhouse trials, provides evidence for induced systemic resistance (ISR) as a mechanism in this biocontrol, and compares the disease control provided by np-BNR with that provided by the chemical inducer benzothiadiazole (BTH). Pretreatment of cotton seedlings with np-BNR isolates provided good protection against pre- and post-emergence

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Zhou, Bang-Jun, Pei-Song Jia, Feng Gao, and Hui-Shan Guo. "Molecular Characterization and Functional Analysis of a Necrosis- and Ethylene-Inducing, Protein-Encoding Gene Family from Verticillium dahliae." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 25, no. 7 (2012): 964–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-12-11-0319.

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Verticillium dahliae Kleb. is a hemibiotrophic, phytopathogenic fungus that causes wilt disease in a wide range of crops, including cotton. Successful host colonization by hemibiotrophic pathogens requires the induction of plant cell death to provide the saprophytic nutrition for the transition from the biotrophic to the necrotrophic stage. In this study, we identified a necrosis-inducing Phytophthora protein (NPP1) domain–containing protein family containing nine genes in a virulent, defoliating isolate of V. dahliae (V592), named the VdNLP genes. Functional analysis demonstrated that only tw

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Tomaso-Peterson, M., and L. E. Trevathan. "Characterization of Rhizoctonia-Like Fungi Isolated from Agronomic Crops and Turfgrasses in Mississippi." Plant Disease 91, no. 3 (2007): 260–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-3-0260.

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Twenty-three isolates of Rhizoctonia spp. from agronomic crops and turfgrasses were characterized by cytological and pathological methods in order to establish the identity, pathogenicity, and virulence of Rhizoctonia spp. and anastomosis groups that occur on these hosts in Mississippi. Twelve isolates were identified as R. solani, including the five anastomosis groups (AGs) AG-1-IB, AG-2-2, AG-4, AG-5, and AG-13. Rhizoctonia zeae, R. oryzae, and eight binucleate Rhizoctonia sp., including R. cerealis, also were identified. R. solani AG-4 isolates were consistently the most virulent isolates o

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Burgess, LW, and WL Bryden. "Fusarium: a ubiquitous fungus of global significance." Microbiology Australia 33, no. 1 (2012): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma12022.

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Fusarium is one of the most economically important genera of fungal plant pathogens, causing significant crop losses and contamination of grain by mycotoxins on a global basis. Some species also cause infections (mycoses) of humans and other animals. Fusarium includes many species, a significant number of which cause a wide range of plant diseases that affect many crops including major food and fibre crops such as wheat, barley, maize, bananas and cotton, often with devastating socio-economic impact. The diseases are often insidious and extremely difficult to control. Its success as a plant pa

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Wang, Heping, and R. Michael Davis. "Susceptibility of Selected Cotton Cultivars to Seedling Disease Pathogens and Benefits of Chemical Seed Treatments." Plant Disease 81, no. 9 (1997): 1085–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.9.1085.

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The susceptibility of 12 Upland cotton cultivars to three soilborne fungi, Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Thielaviopsis basicola, was evaluated in greenhouse experiments. Based on symptom development and seedling survival, cultivars highly resistant to P. ultimum included Delta Pine (DP) 6166, Prema, DP 6100, and Maxxa. A relatively low incidence of pre-emergence damping-off caused by R. solani occurred in ChemBred 7, DP 6100, and Royale, although all cultivars subsequently suffered significant post-emergence damping-off. All cultivars were equally susceptible to T. basicola. In both

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Wang, Chunxia, Daoben Wang, and Qi Zhou. "Colonization and persistence of a plant growth-promoting bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CS85, on roots of cotton seedlings." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 50, no. 7 (2004): 475–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w04-040.

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Pseudomonas fluorescens CS85, which was previously isolated from the rhizosphere of cotton seedlings, acts as both a plant growth-promoting bacterium and a biocontrol agent against cotton pathogens, including Rhizoctonia solani, Colletotrichum gossypii, Fusarium oxysporum f sp. vasinfectum, and Verticillium dahliae. Strain CS85 was labeled separately with luxAB and gusA. The labeled strains were stably maintained and had high levels of expression of the marker genes, luxAB and gusA, after successive transfers on nonselective medium, long-term preservation, and after recovery from soil. The lab

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Kim, Sang Yoon, Sang Yeob Lee, Hang-Yeon Weon, Mee Kyung Sang, and Jaekyeong Song. "Complete genome sequence of Bacillus velezensis M75, a biocontrol agent against fungal plant pathogens, isolated from cotton waste." Journal of Biotechnology 241 (January 2017): 112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.11.023.

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Kumar, P. Sreerama, and S. P. Singh. "First Report of Lasiodiplodia theobromae as a Foliar Pathogen of Parthenium hysterophorus." Plant Disease 84, no. 12 (2000): 1343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2000.84.12.1343c.

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Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) has been a target of weed researchers in India for more than four decades. The weed is attacked by many pathogens, some of which have been tried as mycoherbicides with mixed results (1). In an effort to identify more pathogens of parthenium, surveys were conducted in different regions. A typical foliar disease was frequently observed in several districts of Karnataka State, especially during the winter months of 1996 to 1998. The primary symptoms were circular to irregular, light brown to gray leaf spots, ranging from 2 to 8 mm in diameter. Careful obse

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Monfort, W. S., T. L. Kirkpatrick, and C. S. Rothrock. "Effects of Nocturnal Soil Temperatures and Meloidogyne incognita Densities on Cotton Seedling Growth and the Interaction with Thielaviopsis basicola." Plant Disease 90, no. 4 (2006): 519–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-0519.

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Controlled studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of soil temperatures typical of field conditions during the first 6 weeks of the growing season in Arkansas and different population densities of Meloidogyne incognita on damage to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) seedlings associated with the interaction between M. incognita and Thielaviopsis basicola. Treatments consisted of varying nocturnal temperatures that approximated the temperatures that occurred during the 2001, 2002, and 2003 growing seasons in southeastern Arkansas. Nocturnal temperatures in the study were as follows: high, the f

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Chen, M. H., and E. B. Nelson. "Seed-Colonizing Microbes from Municipal Biosolids Compost Suppress Pythium ultimum Damping-Off on Different Plant Species." Phytopathology® 98, no. 9 (2008): 1012–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-98-9-1012.

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Composts are known for their suppressive properties toward many different seed- and root-infecting pathogens and diseases. Although disease and pathogen suppression induced by composts is believed to be mediated by microbial activities, the nature of the microbial species and processes responsible for suppressiveness remain unknown. We demonstrated previously that seed-colonizing microbial consortia from leaf compost could explain the observed levels of Pythium ultimum-induced damping-off suppression on cotton. The aim of the present work was to determine whether seed-colonizing microbial cons

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Vuković, Slavica, Dragana Šunjka, Antonije Žunić, and Dragana Bošković. "Plant protection products in root vegetable." Biljni lekar 48, no. 6 (2020): 654–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/biljlek2006654v.

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The production, value and quality of root vegetables are endangered by numerous phytopathogenic fungi and pests. Numerous causal agents cause economically significant diseases of root vegetables like carrot leaf blight and black rot of carrots (Alternaria dauci and Alternaria radicina), powdery mildew of carrot and sugar beet (Erysiphe heraclei and Erysiphe betae), Cercospora leaf spot of carrot (Cercospora carotae), black blight (Septoria apiicola), leaf bright parsley (Septo-ria petroselini), downy mildew (Peronospora farinosa f.sp. betae and P. farinosa f.sp. spinaciae), rust (Puccinia spp.

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Anand, Theerthagiri, Ramanujam Bhaskaran, Thiruvengadam Gandhi Karthikeyan, Manikam Rajesh, and Govindasamy Senthilraja. "Production of Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes and Toxins by Colletotrichum Capsici and Alternaria Alternata Causing Fruit ROT of Chillies." Journal of Plant Protection Research 48, no. 4 (2008): 437–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10045-008-0053-2.

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Production of Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes and Toxins byColletotrichum CapsiciandAlternaria AlternataCausing Fruit ROT of ChilliesThe virulent isolates ofColletotrichum capsiciandAlternaria alternataproduced more cellulolytic enzymesviz., C1and Cxin vitrothan the avirulent ones and the activity of these enzymes increased with the increase in age of culture. The virulent isolates ofC. capsiciandA. alternataproduced more pectinolytic enzymes (macerating enzymes, pectin methyl esterase and endo polygalacturonase) than the avirulent ones. All the pectinolytic enzymes were highly active in 10-day-ol

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Sudini, Hari, Mark R. Liles, Covadonga R. Arias, Kira L. Bowen, and Robin N. Huettel. "Exploring Soil Bacterial Communities in Different Peanut-Cropping Sequences Using Multiple Molecular Approaches." Phytopathology® 101, no. 7 (2011): 819–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-11-10-0310.

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Soil bacterial communities have significant influence on soilborne plant pathogens and, thus, crop health. The present study focuses on ribotyping soil bacterial communities in different peanut-cropping sequences in Alabama. The objective was to identify changes in microbial assemblages in response to cropping sequences that can play a role in managing soilborne plant pathogens in peanut. Four peanut-cropping sequences were sampled at the Wiregrass Research Station, Headland, AL in 2006 and 2007, including continuous peanut, 4 years of bahiagrass followed by peanut, peanut-cotton, and peanut-c

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Wang, Ping, Lin Zhou, Pierce Jamieson, et al. "The Cotton Wall-Associated Kinase GhWAK7A Mediates Responses to Fungal Wilt Pathogens by Complexing with the Chitin Sensory Receptors." Plant Cell 32, no. 12 (2020): 3978–4001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.19.00950.

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Situngu, Sivuyisiwe, Nigel P. Barker, and Susanne Vetter. "A Snap-Shot of Domatial Mite Diversity of Coffea arabica in Comparison to the Adjacent Umtamvuna Forest in South Africa." Diversity 12, no. 2 (2020): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12020079.

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Some plant species possess structures known as leaf domatia, which house mites. The association between domatia-bearing plants and mites has been proposed to be mutualistic, and has been found to be important in species of economic value, such as grapes, cotton, avocado and coffee. This is because leaf domatia affect the distribution, diversity and abundance of predatory and mycophagous mites found on the leaf surface. As a result, plants are thought to benefit from increased defence against pathogens and small arthropod herbivores. This study assesses the relative diversity and composition of

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Rothrock, C. S., S. A. Winters, P. K. Miller, et al. "Importance of Fungicide Seed Treatment and Environment on Seedling Diseases of Cotton." Plant Disease 96, no. 12 (2012): 1805–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-12-0031-sr.

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The importance of fungicide seed treatments on cotton was examined using a series of standardized fungicide trials from 1993 to 2004. Fungicide seed treatments increased stands over those from seed not treated with fungicides in 119 of 211 trials. Metalaxyl increased stands compared to nontreated seed in 40 of 119 trials having significant fungicide responses, demonstrating the importance of Pythium spp. on stand establishment. Similarly, PCNB seed treatment increased stands compared to nontreated seed for 44 of 119 trials with a significant response, indicating the importance of Rhizoctonia s

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Wheeler, T. A., P. Dotray, and J. Winchester. "Root Rot by Rhizoctonia solani on Ambrosia grayi in Texas." Plant Disease 82, no. 8 (1998): 959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.8.959d.

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Ambrosia grayi (A. Nelson) Shinners is a pernicious perennial weed that infests over 200,000 ha of cotton in Texas and New Mexico. It reproduces primarily by rhizomes, which are found up to 3 m deep in the soil. With the exception of Roundup Ultra on Roundup-ready cotton, no herbicides can be applied in-season to control this weed without injuring cotton. A search was conducted for soilborne pathogens as potential biocontrol agents by surveying cotton fields and small lakes for A. grayi plants with root lesions. Roots were washed with running water for 2 min and segments of root lesions were p

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Pratt, R. G., M. R. McLaughlin, G. A. Pederson, and D. E. Rowe. "Pathogenicity of Macrophomina phaseolina to Mature Plant Tissues of Alfalfa and White Clover." Plant Disease 82, no. 9 (1998): 1033–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.9.1033.

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Macrophomina phaseolina has been observed on alfalfa and white clover in North America, but its pathogenicity to mature plants of these species has not been adequately documented and Koch's postulates have not been fulfilled. Isolates of M. phaseolina from alfalfa and white clover were evaluated for pathogenicity by inoculating tissues of mature plants with infested toothpick pieces. Excised leaf tissues also were inoculated with mycelium. In stolons of white clover and stems of alfalfa, M. phaseolina caused a brown-black, basipetally progressive necrosis of vascular tissue with subsequent col

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Nahar, Mst Nazin, and Shamim Shamsi. "In vitro screening of fungicides and plant extracts against six pathogenic fungi isolated from cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.) seed." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 49, no. 2 (2020): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v49i2.49292.

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Six pathogenic fungi, namely Aspergillus flavus Link., A. niger van Tieghem (Type-I)., Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn, Fusarium moniliforme var. subglutinans Wr. & Reink., Fusarium sporotrichioides Sherb., Mem. and Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kuhn were isolated from cotton seeds. Five fungicides viz., Acrobat MZ, Autostin 50 WDG, Capvit 50 WP, Nativo 75 WP and Thiovit 80 WG were selected to evaluate in vitro efficacy at 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm concentrations against pathogenic fungi following poisoned food technique. Out of 5 fungicides Nativo 75 WP showed the complete growth inhibi

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Vrandecic, K., J. Cosic, D. Jurkovic, L. Riccioni, and T. Duvnjak. "First Report of Phomopsis longicolla on Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) in Croatia." Plant Disease 91, no. 12 (2007): 1687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-12-1687b.

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Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.; family Asteraceae) is a widespread weed species in eastern Croatia found especially in arable crops including soybean. Symptoms of disease appear after the plants reach physiological maturity. Stems and branches are completely blighted, and on the surface, are covered with minute, black pycnidia embedded in the epidermal tissue of the host and are especially numerous around nodes. More than 100 plants with symptoms were examined. From each plant with symptoms, three pieces of symptomatic tissues (5 to 10 mm) were disinfected and placed on potato dextrose agar

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Till, Stephen, Kathy Lawrence, Patricia Donald, and Drew Schrimsher. "Nematicides, Starter Fertilizers, and Plant Growth Regulators Implementation into a Corn Production System." Plant Health Progress 19, no. 3 (2018): 242–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-05-18-0025-rs.

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The southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, is one of the most important nematode pathogens in Alabama owing to its wide host range and yield loss on major agronomic crops. Management of root-knot nematode is undervalued in corn production owing to relatively low prices for corn at the market, less obvious symptoms, and smaller yield losses compared with cotton and soybeans, plus an overall lack of management options. However, growing successive susceptible crops in root-knot nematode-infested fields only heightens the risk of future yield loss. We evaluated use of starter fertiliz

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Davis, R. M., J. J. Nunez, and K. V. Subbarao. "Benefits of Cotton Seed Treatments for the Control of Seedling Diseases in Relation to Inoculum Densities of Pythium Species and Rhizoctonia solani." Plant Disease 81, no. 7 (1997): 766–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.7.766.

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Twenty-five field trials conducted over a 3-year period in five San Joaquin Valley counties included the following treatments: nontreated cotton seed; seed treated with myclobutanil for the control of Rhizoctonia solani-induced damping-off; seed treated with metalaxyl for the control of Pythium-induced damping-off; and seed treated with a combination of the two fungicides. The following parameters were measured: soil populations of Pythium spp. and R. solani at planting, soil temperature at planting, air temperatures for 5 days after planting, soil particle analysis, EC, calcium, pH, organic m

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Toksoz, Harun, Craig S. Rothrock, and Terrence L. Kirkpatrick. "Efficacy of Seed Treatment Chemicals for Black Root Rot, Caused by Thielaviopsis basicola, on Cotton." Plant Disease 93, no. 4 (2009): 354–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-4-0354.

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The efficacy of triazole and host resistance–inducing seed treatment chemicals was examined for black root rot on cotton caused by Thielaviopsis basicola in both artificially and naturally infested soils with and without nematodes. In naturally infested soil, myclobutanil was effective in reducing root and hypocotyl discoloration over a wide range of soil population densities. Treatments containing high rates (42 g a.i./100 kg seed) of myclobutanil provided greater reductions in disease than low rates (21 g a.i./100 kg seed) in some experiments. Acibenzolar-S-methyl applied to the seed reduced

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van Dijk, Karin, and Eric B. Nelson. "Fatty Acid Competition as a Mechanism by Which Enterobacter cloacae Suppresses Pythium ultimum Sporangium Germination and Damping-Off." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 12 (2000): 5340–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.12.5340-5347.2000.

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ABSTRACT Interactions between plant-associated microorganisms play important roles in suppressing plant diseases and enhancing plant growth and development. While competition between plant-associated bacteria and plant pathogens has long been thought to be an important means of suppressing plant diseases microbiologically, unequivocal evidence supporting such a mechanism has been lacking. We present evidence here that competition for plant-derived unsaturated long-chain fatty acids between the biological control bacterium Enterobacter cloacae and the seed-rotting oomycete, Pythium ultimum, res

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Samavat, Samaneh, Asghar Heydari, Hamid Reza Zamanizadeh, Saeed Rezaee, and Ali Alizadeh Aliabadi. "Application of new bioformulations of Pseudomonas aureofaciens for biocontrol of cotton seedling damping-off." Journal of Plant Protection Research 54, no. 4 (2014): 334–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jppr-2014-0050.

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Abstract Pseudomonas aureofaciens (30-84) is a phenazine producing bacterium and reported as asuccessful biocontrol agent of some plant fungal pathogens. In the present study, the possibility of biological control of cotton damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani (AG-4) through phenazine production by the 30-84 strain, was investigated. In the search for the development of bioformulations of Pa (m) (PhzR–) and Pa (w) (PhzR+) strains of 30-84, four new carriers including soybean meal (SM), cottonseed meal (CM), rice bran (RB), and talc powder (TAL) were selected. The efficacy of bacterial form

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