Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Dermatite digitée"
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1
Relun, Anne. "Evaluation des mesures de maîtrise de la dermatite digitée dans les troupeaux bovins laitiers". Nantes, Ecole nationale vétérinaire, 2011. https://doc-veto.oniris-nantes.fr/GED_CHN/193068091124/These_AnneRELUN.pdf.
Resumo:
L’objectif de cette thèse était d’évaluer des mesures jugées prometteuses pour diminuer durablement la prévalence de la dermatite digitée (DD) dans les troupeaux bovins laitiers. Les pratiques de traitement devaient être efficaces, acceptables pour les éleveurs et non toxiques pour l’Homme et l’Environnement. Une première partie s’est intéressée aux freins et motivations des éleveurs français vis-à-vis des pratiques de traitement de la DD. Il en ressortait le besoin d’identifier des régimes optimaux d’application des traitements, tout en étudiant des alternatives au pédiluve pour l’application de traitements collectifs. Après avoir mis au point et évalué une méthode simple de notation de la DD en salle de traite, un essai clinique a été mené dans 52 troupeaux bovins laitiers. Cet essai a permis d’évaluer, à l’aide d’analyses de survie, l’efficacité relative de 4 protocoles de traitement et des pratiques d’élevage pour diminuer l’incidence et améliorer la guérison des lésions de DD. Il a été montré qu’un traitement à base de minéraux chélatés appliqué 2 jours toutes les 2 semaines, via un pédiluve de passage ou une application par spray en salle de traite est efficace pour diminuer l’incidence et améliorer la guérison clinique des lésions de DD. La propreté des pieds et la réalisation d’un parage avant la détection d’une lésion de DD jouaient également un rôle essentiel. Enfin, l’impact de la DD sur la production laitière a pu être estimé à 0,6 à 0,9 kg/jour. Les résultats de cette thèse renforcent la nécessité d’une approche globale qui intègre des protocoles de traitement et les pratiques d’élevage pour élaborer des stratégies de contrôle de la DD efficaces et rentables.
2
Bonacin, Yuri da Silva. "Expressão e quantificação de receptores vanilóides TRPV1 na dermatite digital bovina /". Jaboticabal, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150352.
Resumo:
Orientador: José Antonio MarquesCoorientador: Sérgio Britto Garcia
Banca: Deborah Penteado Martins Dias
Banca: Paulo Aléscio Canola
Resumo: A Dermatite Digital Bovina (DDB) constitui uma das principais causas de graus elevados de claudicação em bovinos leiteiros, em função da dor que estes animais aparentam frente ao estímulo nocioceptivo. A hiperalgesia em alguns casos de dor crônica está relacionada à expressão exacerbada de fibras dos receptores vaniloides TRPV1, podendo haver forte correlação com casos crônicos da DDB. No presente estudo foram utilizados 15 bovinos, fêmeas, da raça Holandesa Preto e Branco, com idades de 2 a 7 anos, em lactação com pico médio de 47,85 L, mantidos em regime "free-stall". Durante o casqueamento realizado na propriedade, as lesões da DDB foram identificadas e divididas em quatro grupos, referentes aos quatro estágios da doença (inicial M1, clássico M2, intermediário M3 e crônico M4). Foram coletadas biópsias por meio de "punch" cutâneo (4mm). Além das lesões foram coletadas amostras de pele sadia de cada animal. Priori às biopsias realizou-se a dimensionamento das lesões, para média comparativa entre os estágios. Os fatores predisponentes ao aparecimento de lesões (idade, número de partos e pico de lactação) foram considerados. As biopsias foram processadas em laboratório e colocadas frente à reação imunológica com anticorpos anti-TRPV1 (Chemicon -USA). Posteriormente as fibras imuno-marcadas nos quatro grupos e pele sadia foram contabilizadas e comparadas. As dimensões das lesões foram analisadas pelo método estatístico descritivo e possuíam média de comprimento e largura no es... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The Bovine Digital Dermatitis (BDD) is one of the main cause on high claudication levels at the dairy cattle, as a result of the pain that appear in those animal front of the nociceptive stimulus. Hyperalgesia in some chronic pain cases is related to the exacerbated expression of vanyloid TRPV1 fibers, and may have a hole on the chronic cases of BDD. In the present study, 15 Black and White Holstein cow was used, aged 2 to 7 years old, during lactation with mean peak of 47.85L, kept in the free-stall under the same diet. BDD lesions were identified and divided into 4 stages of the disease (initial M1, classic M2, intermediate M3 and chronic4), which skin are collected by dermal punch (4mm). In addition to the lesions, healthy skin samples were collected from each animal. Prior to the biopsies, the lesion dimensions were taken, for comparative average between the stages. Predisposing factors to the lesions appearance (age, number of births and lactation peak) were considered. The biopsies were processed at the laboratory and reacted with anti-TRPV1 antibodies (Chemicon -USA). The immuno-marked fibers in the four groups and healthy skin were counted and compared. The lesion dimensions were analyzed by descriptive statistical method and had a M1 mean length/ width on M1 of 5,60mm±3,20 x 4,4±1,34mm, M2 of 12,60±6,46mm x 14,4±8,87mm, M3 of 21,60±3,36mm x 17,20±6,61mm and M4 of 21,60±3,36mm x 24,57±7,32mm. The thickness mean value in M1 of 1.80 ± 1.09mm, M2 of 6.20 ± 2.16mm, M3 of 7.40 ± 6.54mm and M4 of 8.85 ± 4.14mm. The predisposing factors results were analyzed separately with the number of lesions by Pearson Correlation statistic method (p <0.05). There was difference between more lesion and birth numbers. TPV1 fiber counts were analyzed by logarithmic scale (p <0.05), with a significant difference between the M4 group (chronic stage of DDB) and the other groups.
Mestre
3
Loureiro, Marcos Gomes. "Concentrações de oxitetraciclina de longa ação vias sistêmica ou tópicas no leite, líquido sinovial e plasma de vacas acometidas de dermatite digital papilomatosa /". Botucatu, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88913.
Resumo:
Orientador: Celso Antonio RodriguesBanca: José Luiz de Mello Nicoletti
Banca: José Wanderley Cattelan
Resumo: A Dermatite Digital Papilomatosa (DDP) é uma enfermidade com etiologia bacteriana associadas às espiroquetas. O tratamento consiste na administração de antimicrobianos parenterais ou tópicos, destacando-se especialmente as tetraciclinas. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram analisar e comparar a eficiência do tratamento tópico e sistêmico com oxitetraciclina em vacas acometidas por DDP, e a presença de resíduos deste antimicrobiano no leite e suas concentrações no líquido sinovial e plasma. Foram utilizadas 8 vacas no grupo 1 tratadas topicamente e 8 no grupo 2 tratadas por via sistêmica . As amostras foram coletadas nos momentos M0: anterior aos tratamentos, M1: 6 horas pós-tratamento, M2: 12 horas após, e em intervalos de 12 horas até o M23. A eficiência dos tratamentos foi avaliada através do grau de claudicação e da extensão da lesão. As concentrações do antimicrobiano de oxitetraciclina foram determinadas por HPLC. As vacas do Grupo 1 apresentaram redução das lesões e no grau de claudicação e as do grupo 2 não demonstraram melhora nas lesões e elevação no grau de claudicação. As concentrações avaliadas em leite, líquido sinovial e plasma no Grupo 1, revelaram valores abaixo dos limites de detecção estabelecidos pelo HPLC. A avaliação dos resíduos de oxitetraciclina no leite do Grupo 2, entre M1 e M23, encontram-se acima dos limites máximos estabelecidos pela legislação. Conclui-se que a oxitetraciclina em pó foi eficiente para o tratamento de DDP e não apresenta resíduos em plasma, líquido sinovial e leite e que o tratamento sistêmico apresenta baixa eficiência e elevadas concentrações no leite
Abstract: Papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD) is a restricted digital disease caused by a spirochete-like and other bacterias. The treatment consists of administrating systemic or topics antibiotics, especially tetracyclines. With this work it is intended to compare the efficiency of the topical and systemic treatment with oxitetracycline in cows with PDD and analyze the presence of residues of this antibiotic in the milk and its concentration in the sinovial liquid and plasma. The total of 16 lactating cows with PDD were divided in 2 treatment groups. The samples were obtained in the moments M0: previous to the treatments, M1: 6 hours pos treatment, M2: 12 hours after treatment, and in intervals of 12 hours after treatment until M23. The efficiency of the treatment was evaluated through the lameness degree and the extension of the lesion. The assayed for oxitetracycline content was measured by means of HPLC. The cows of the Group 1 presented reduction of the lesions and in the lameness degree. Cattle of the Group 2 did not demonstrate improvement in the lesions and showed elevation in the lameness degree. The concentration of sinovial fluid and plasma in the milk of cows belonging to Group 1 revealed values below the established detection limits for HPLC in milk. The evaluation of the residues of oxitetracycline in the milk of the Group 2, between M1 and M23, were above the maximum limits established by legislation. As a matter of conclusion it is argued that the powdered oxitetracycline was efficient for the treatment of PDD and it does not present residues in milk, level of plasma or sinovial fluid. Otherwise, the systemic treatment presents low efficiency and high concentration of such substance in the milk
Mestre
4
Nascimento, Cristiane Lassálvia [UNESP]. "Estudo comparativo do efeito da terapia fotodinâmica e uso de antibióticos em lesões podais (Bumblefoot) em pinguins de Magalhães (Spheniscus magellanicus)". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/124100.
Resumo:
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000831292.pdf: 3855958 bytes, checksum: f0eddfd2bd8c33b972b6c00be59dda5a (MD5)O objetivo do estudo foi testar um protocolo de tratamento para pododermatite classe III em um grupo de Spheniscus magellanicus mantidos em cativeiro utilizando terapia fotodinâmica (TFD) e compará-lo com outro tratado com antibióticos (ATB). Todos os animais foram submetidos inicialmente à debridamento cirúrgico da área da lesão e em seguida aleatoriamente separados em um grupo TFD e outro ATB, contendo 11 lesões cada. No grupo ATB utilizou-se pomada antibiótica três vezes por semana e antibiótico e anti-inflamatório sistêmicos diariamente. No grupo TFD, terapia fotodinâmica foi aplicada três vezes por semana sem a utilização de medicação sistêmica. Fotografias da área da lesão, swab para cultura e antibiograma e sangue para hemograma e bioquímica sanguínea foram coletados no início e a cada 14 dias perfazendo um total de 84 dias. Os resultados reafirmaram a natureza recidivante dessas lesões que se iniciam a partir do ponto de apoio. A prevalência das bactérias ao longo do tempo não foi uniforme, sendo a realização de antibiogramas para escolha de uma droga apropriada necessário em diferentes momentos. Na comparação, o grupo TFD apresentou desempenho melhor com 63,62% de cura em um tempo médio de 42 dias, contra 9,09% de cura em um tempo médio de 70 dias no grupo ATB. Os achados do presente estudo atestam a eficácia da Terapia Fotodinâmica para o tratamento de pododermatite classe III para Spheniscus magellanicus
The aim of the study was to test a treatment protocol for pododermatitis class III in a group of captive Spheniscus magellanicus using photodynamic therapy (PDT) and compare it with another treated with antibiotics (ATB). All animals initially underwent surgical debridement of the lesion area and then they were randomly divided into one TFD and one ATB group, each containing 11 injuries. In the ATB group antibiotic ointment was used three times a week and systemic antibiotic and anti-inflammatory daily. In PDT group, photodynamic therapy has been applied three times a week without the use of systemic medication. Photos of the lesion area, swab for culture and sensitivity and blood for blood count and blood chemistry were collected on the first day and every 14 days for a total of 84 days. The results reaffirmed the relapsing nature of these lesions that begin from the point of support. The prevalence of bacteria over time was not uniform and there was need to carry out antibiograms at different times to select an appropriate drug. In comparison, the PDT group showed the best performance with 63.62% on an average healing time of 42 days, compared to 9.09% in an average healing time of 70 days in the ATB group. The findings of this study attest to the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy for the treatment of class III to pododermatitis Spheniscus magellanicus
5
Nascimento, Cristiane Lassálvia. "Estudo comparativo do efeito da terapia fotodinâmica e uso de antibióticos em lesões podais (Bumblefoot) em pinguins de Magalhães (Spheniscus magellanicus) /". Botucatu, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/124100.
Resumo:
Orientador: Carlos Roberto TeixeiraBanca: Sheila Canevese Rahal
Banca: Alyne Simões Gonçalves
Resumo: O objetivo do estudo foi testar um protocolo de tratamento para pododermatite classe III em um grupo de Spheniscus magellanicus mantidos em cativeiro utilizando terapia fotodinâmica (TFD) e compará-lo com outro tratado com antibióticos (ATB). Todos os animais foram submetidos inicialmente à debridamento cirúrgico da área da lesão e em seguida aleatoriamente separados em um grupo TFD e outro ATB, contendo 11 lesões cada. No grupo ATB utilizou-se pomada antibiótica três vezes por semana e antibiótico e anti-inflamatório sistêmicos diariamente. No grupo TFD, terapia fotodinâmica foi aplicada três vezes por semana sem a utilização de medicação sistêmica. Fotografias da área da lesão, swab para cultura e antibiograma e sangue para hemograma e bioquímica sanguínea foram coletados no início e a cada 14 dias perfazendo um total de 84 dias. Os resultados reafirmaram a natureza recidivante dessas lesões que se iniciam a partir do ponto de apoio. A prevalência das bactérias ao longo do tempo não foi uniforme, sendo a realização de antibiogramas para escolha de uma droga apropriada necessário em diferentes momentos. Na comparação, o grupo TFD apresentou desempenho melhor com 63,62% de cura em um tempo médio de 42 dias, contra 9,09% de cura em um tempo médio de 70 dias no grupo ATB. Os achados do presente estudo atestam a eficácia da Terapia Fotodinâmica para o tratamento de pododermatite classe III para Spheniscus magellanicus
Abstract: The aim of the study was to test a treatment protocol for pododermatitis class III in a group of captive Spheniscus magellanicus using photodynamic therapy (PDT) and compare it with another treated with antibiotics (ATB). All animals initially underwent surgical debridement of the lesion area and then they were randomly divided into one TFD and one ATB group, each containing 11 injuries. In the ATB group antibiotic ointment was used three times a week and systemic antibiotic and anti-inflammatory daily. In PDT group, photodynamic therapy has been applied three times a week without the use of systemic medication. Photos of the lesion area, swab for culture and sensitivity and blood for blood count and blood chemistry were collected on the first day and every 14 days for a total of 84 days. The results reaffirmed the relapsing nature of these lesions that begin from the point of support. The prevalence of bacteria over time was not uniform and there was need to carry out antibiograms at different times to select an appropriate drug. In comparison, the PDT group showed the best performance with 63.62% on an average healing time of 42 days, compared to 9.09% in an average healing time of 70 days in the ATB group. The findings of this study attest to the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy for the treatment of class III to pododermatitis Spheniscus magellanicus
Mestre
6
Demirkan, Ibrahim. "Spirochaetes in bovine digital dermatitis". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367083.
7
Staton, Gareth. "Bovine digital dermatitis : a reverse vaccinology approach". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2018. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3021310/.
8
Sanfelice, Cristiane 1985. "Pododermatite e qualidade de carcaça de frangos de corte suplementados com minerais orgânicos e vitamina E /". Botucatu, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132920.
Resumo:
Orientador: Ariel Antonio MendesBanca: Marcia Regina Fernandes Boaro Martins
Banca: Ibiara Correia de Lima Almeida Paz
Banca: Rodrigo Garofallo Garcia
Banca: José Roberto Sartori
Resumo: Com objetivo de avaliar a influência dos minerais orgânicos (selênio e zinco) e vitamina E sobre a incidência e identificação microbiológica de pododermatite, lesões de carcaça, resistência da pele, desempenho, rendimento de carcaça e partes, qualidade da carne e sistema imune em frangos de corte, dois experimentos foram conduzidos no aviário experimental da FMVZ, UNESP, Câmpus de Botucatu. Para isto, utilizou-se 1260 pintos de um dia de idade, machos, da linhagem Cobb® 500 para cada experimento, alojados com densidade populacional de 12 aves/m², por 42 dias. O programa alimentar foi dividido em quatro fases e o delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualisado em esquema fatorial 3x2+1, no experimento 1, três níveis de zinco orgânico (0, 45, 90 mg/kg de ração) dois níveis de selênio orgânico (0 e 0,3 mg/kg de ração) e uma dieta controle, no experimento 2 três níveis de vitamina E (100, 150 e 200UI/kg de ração) e duas fontes microminerais inorgânico (0,3 mg/kg Se + 60 mg/kg de Zn) ou orgânico (0,3 mg/kg de Se e 45 mg/kg de Zn) e uma dieta controle, com 6 repetições de 30 aves cada. Aos 10 dias de idade todas as aves foram vacinadas contra a Doença de Newcastle (experimento 2), os parâmetros imunológicos foram avaliados por meio de colheitas de sangue aos 10, 21 e 42 dias. Aos 41 dias de idade todas as aves foram avaliadas no aviário quanto a incidência de pododermatite. Foi avaliado o desempenho e aos 42 dias de idade as aves foram abatidas no abatedouro experimental da FMVZ, UNESP para avaliação da incidência de lesões de carcaça, resistência da pele, rendimento de carcaça e partes, qualidade de carne, quantificação microbiológica, histologia do coxim plantar e pele. Aves que receberam zinco e selênio orgânico apresentaram maior quantidade de colágeno e a epiderme mais espessa (P≤0,05). Para lesões de carcaça houve diferença...
Abstract: In order to evaluate the influence of organic minerals (selenium and zinc) and vitamin E on the incidence and microbiological identification of foot pad dermatitis, carcass lesions, skin resistance, performance, carcass yield and parts, meat quality and immune system in chickens cutting, two experiments were conducted in the experimental avian FMVZ, UNESP, Botucatu. For this, we used 1,260 chicks at day old male Cobb® the 500 strain for each experiment, housed with a density of 12 birds / m² for 42 days ...
Doutor
9
Newbrook, K. L. "Dissecting host-pathogen interactions in bovine digital dermatitis". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2017. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3019337/.
Resumo:
Bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) is an inflammatory infectious disease of the digital skin and is of increasing global importance for animal welfare and food security as one of the most important causes of severe lameness in dairy cattle. Whilst three phylogroups of spirochaetes of the genus Treponema (Treponema medium, Treponema phagedenis and Treponema pedis) are highly associated with BDD, having been consistently isolated from lesions, their individual roles in BDD pathogenesis within the bovine foot skin tissue have yet to be elucidated. The poor characterisation of BDD pathogenesis has, to-date, largely hindered development of novel therapeutics and vaccines against BDD. The work presented within this thesis aimed to investigate host-pathogen interactions underlying BDD and determine whether individual Treponema phylogroups implement distinct pathogenic mechanisms upon cells of the bovine foot skin tissue. Primary fibroblast and keratinocyte cells were successfully isolated and subsequently cultured from bovine dermal and epidermal foot skin tissues, respectively, and were then characterised by immunofluorescent staining and RT-PCR, using cell markers, to provide a useful model for studying host-pathogen interactions of BDD. The skin model was subsequently implemented to compare global transcriptional profiles of bovine foot skin fibroblasts following stimulation with representative strains of the three predominant BDD treponeme phylogroups using an RNA-Seq approach. This study is the first to report distinct differences in the dysregulation of global gene expression induced by BDD Treponema phylogroups in bovine fibroblasts. T. medium phylogroup and T. pedis were found to dysregulate host actin rearrangement and appeared to induce loss of cell adhesion via the RND1 gene. Whilst T. medium phylogroup was profoundly less stimulatory, it also appeared to induce immune suppression through unique upregulation of the TSC22D3 gene. T. phagedenis phylogroup uniquely upregulated the antimicrobial peptide precursor, β-defensin 123. Bovine fibroblasts appeared to demonstrate a strong pro-inflammatory response to Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide through the interleukin-17 signalling pathway; however, BDD treponemes specifically upregulated expression of five inflammatory mediators; most notably interleukin-8. Commensal treponemes are commonly found within the gastrointestinal tract and provide an effective tool for comparison in host-pathogen interaction studies. In absence of a known non-pathogenic treponeme of the bovine skin, a novel spirochaete isolate of the bovine rumen was genotypically and phenotypically characterised, being proposed as novel species, Treponema ruminis, for use as a control organism during RNA-Seq. Despite considerable genotypic and phenotypic differences, global gene expression profiles induced by T. ruminis and T. phagedenis phylogroup and T. pedis spirochaetes were markedly similar. Further to this study, the molecular diversity of a putative outer membrane protein (OMP) was investigated across 121 strains representing three predominant BDD treponeme phylogroups. Gene sequencing of the novel putative OMP revealed limited intra-phylogroup diversity, suggesting that immune selection was not significantly influencing the evolution of this gene and that it may be a useful candidate for future vaccine development. Collectively, these studies increase previously limited knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms of BDD treponemes and provide novel insights into the host-pathogen interactions between specific treponeme phylogroups and bovine foot skin fibroblast cells during infection. Several genes identified in this study may be useful targets for the development of novel therapeutics and require further investigation.
10
Scholey, Rachel Anne. "Investigating host genetic susceptibility to bovine digital dermatitis". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.569442.
Resumo:
Bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) is a bacterial infectious disease of bovine hoof skin and is the leading cause of dairy cattle lameness. The disease presents as painful "strawberry-like" lesions that develop on the hind hoof digital skin, in between the heel bulbs. Holstein cattle are very susceptible to BDD and anecdotal evidence suggests BDD is less frequently seen in other breeds of cattle, both dairy and beef. Also, within a herd with BDD, there is great variation in how individual cattle are affected; some are recurrently and severely affected, whereas others are apparently untouched. This between and within breed variation in individual responses strongly suggests an underlying genetic susceptibility or resistance to BDD. This thesis presents the first study of host genetic susceptibility to BDD. Chronically affected BDD cases (n=72) and controls that did not present with BDD lesions (n=97) were identified from Holstein Friesian herds in England and Wales endemic ally affected by BDD during longitudinal farm visits. BDD candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified using two approaches. In the first approach, 16 candidate genes were chosen from the available literature and extensive SNP discovery was conducted for each gene. This was achieved by "in silica" database searching for publicly available SNPs and also by dHPLC (WAVE) screening and sequencing of gene regions. Secondly, a genome-wide association study (GWAS), using the Illumina bovine SNP50beadchip, was performed with a small number of BDD cases (n=23) and controls (n=24). From these two approaches, the most likely associated SNPs were selected for analysis on the full cohort. Sequenom iPLEXTm Gold genotyping was used to genotype 125 candidate gene- identified SNPs and 81 GWAS-identifIed SNPs on the full cohort of cases and controls. The allele frequencies were analysed using Fisher's exact test and Cochran- Mantel- Haenszel 2x2xk test, where herd origin was a stratifying factor. P values were corrected for multiple testing after point-wise 100,000 maxT permutations testing. Eight SNPs were significantly associated (p<0.05) with BDD risk or protection; seven informed from the GWAS and one from the candidate gene study. vii One significant SNP was located in an intron of Anaphase promoting complex subunit 4 (ANAPC4), two were located in introns of HTRA Serine Peptidase 1 (HTRAl) and one was located upstream of SI 00 calcium binding protein A8 (SI OOA8). Six of the eight significant SNPs were located across a gene-rich 3.5Mb region on chromosome 26. This was considered a BDD candidate region requiring further investigation. A haplotype analysis revealed one haplotype block, spanning the HTRAl gene, which was significantly associated with BDD protection. The frequencies of the risk alleles for the eight significant SNPs were compared in eleven BDD unaffected breeds (beef and dairy). Three of the SNPs had lower risk allele frequencies in all breeds tested, and a further three had no more than two breeds where risk allele frequency was higher than in Holstein cases. This might indicate that non Holstein Friesian breeds are at lower BDD risk, at least for some SNPs. However, a lot of questions regarding whether other breeds are exposed to the causative pathogens in the same way as Holstein Friesians remain unanswered. These preliminary BDD-genetic associations need to be validated in independent populations of Holstein Friesian cattle. Susceptibility to infectious disease is governed by a complex interaction of genes and environment, and the sample size in this study was probably too small to detect all underlying BDD genetic variation. However, the significant associations that have been yielded demonstrate that this approach is successful for genetic study of bacterial infectious diseases in cattle, and provides the foundations on which to base further study of BDD host genetic susceptibility.
11
Bell, J. "Identifying infection reservoirs of digital dermatitis in dairy cattle". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2017. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3020193/.
12
Sullivan, Leigh. "Identifying digital dermatitis infection reservoirs in beef cattle and sheep". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2015. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2048942/.
Resumo:
Digital dermatitis (DD) is a superficial infectious dermatitis of the digital skin of cattle and sheep that can be very painful, causing severe lameness in affected animals. Bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) in dairy cattle has now been reported in most countries they are farmed, and DD in sheep, known as contagious ovine digital dermatitis (CODD) is rapidly emerging as a severe infectious foot disease since first reports from the UK in 1997. Spirochaetes, of the genus Treponema have frequently been found in large numbers in BDD lesions and are now considered the primary causative bacteria of BDD. Three treponeme phylogroups are consistently isolated from dairy cattle BDD in the UK and the USA, which are known as Treponema medium- like, Treponema phagedenis- like spirochaetes and Treponema pedis. Over the past 40 years research has focused on dairy cattle BDD and overlooked whether the disease exists in beef cattle herds in the UK, and whether the same aetiological agents are causal. There is also limited information on the causative bacteriological agents of CODD. Furthermore, no definitive transmission routes or infection reservoirs of DD in either cattle or sheep had thus far been delineated, with only a single study finding a potential reservoir site of DD treponemes in the dairy cattle gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Using molecular bacteriological studies it was found that CODD and beef cattle BDD, as in dairy cattle BDD, show a high association with the three DD treponeme phylogroups. All CODD and beef BDD lesions investigated had at least one of the three DD treponeme phylogroups present in the lesions and these treponemes were also isolated from a high proportion of lesions. No DD treponemes were detected in healthy sheep or beef cattle foot tissue. Upon 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis all isolates showed a high similarity, if not 100% identity, to representatives of each treponeme phylogroup isolated from dairy cattle BDD lesions, indicating a shared aetiology between DD in all three animals. Additionally, the same treponeme bacteria were detected and isolated from a new undefined foot disease in dairy goats in the UK indicating that cross-species transmission of DD may have occurred causing DD infection in a previously unaffected domestic livestock species. To understand potential transmission routes and infection reservoirs of DD, the host GI tract and hoof trimming equipment were investigated. Of the sheep gingival (n= 40) and rectal tissues (n= 40), 1/40 gingival tissues were positive for DD- associated treponemes (T. pedis), and 3/40 rectal tissues (one containing T. medium- like and two tissues containing T. pedis). No DD- associated treponeme DNA was amplified from beef cattle rectal tissues (n= 40), however 4/40 beef gingival tissues were positive for DD- associated treponemes (all containing T. phagedenis- like). A T. phagedenis- like DD treponeme was isolated from the rectal tissue of a CODD symptomatic sheep. Beef cattle (n= 41) and sheep (n= 79) faeces failed to amplify DD- associated Treponema DNA. Twenty two treponemes were isolated from sheep faeces; however, upon phylogenetic analysis these clustered with considered non-pathogenic treponemes, which interestingly exhibited farm specific diversity in their 16S rRNA gene. Trimming equipment was tested after being used to trim cattle and sheep hooves, and subsequently after disinfection of equipment. Of the blades used to trim DD symptomatic animals (n= 26, cattle and sheep combined), 25/26 were found to be positive for at least one of the DD Treponema phylotypes. This figure was reduced to 10/26 (38%) after disinfection of the blades. Following culture of a swab, an isolate belonging to the T. phagedenis- like spirochaetes was isolated from a knife sample after trimming a DD positive cow. Beef cattle sera from DD positive and negative farms were investigated to understand whether beef cattle’s perceived lower prevalence of BDD in the UK is due to a lack of exposure to treponemes, or a protective immune response. Beef cattle from DD positive farms appeared to produce a strong immunological response to treponemes, compared with DD negative farm animal sera. Therefore the perceived lower prevalence of DD in beef cattle does not appear to be due to a protective response in these animals, but more likely due to a lack of exposure to DD treponemes. In conclusion, these studies have produced vital information describing DD in beef cattle and sheep and their respective aetiological agents allowing for more appropriate treatments in the future. Additionally, given the two potential transmission routes delineated from the data, effective actions can be taken to prevent the spread of DD within current hosts and to limit emergence into yet unknown additional host species.
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MOURA, Maria Ivete de. "Enfermidades Cutâneas Digitais Bovina: Aspectos Genéticos E Terapêuticos". Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/1121.
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Previous issue date: 2011-03-18This study has aimed do evaluate a risk factor for bovine digital dermatitis and the efficacy of 5% aqueous barbatimão extract solution as ancillary in interdigital skin incisional wound repair. One hundred bovine females, 50 Holstein and 50 Girolando, from two different farms were used for the risk factor study. Experimental units were divided into four groups: healthy Holstein cattle group (GHS) and digital dermatitis Holstein cattle group (GHL), healthy Girolando cattle group (GGS) and digital dermatitis Girolando cattle group (GGL). Ten milliliters of blood were collected from all animals and stored in anticoagulant added tubes. Samples were refrigerated and submitted to hemolytic tests for eight bovine blood systems: A, B, C, F, J, L, S and Z. The frequency of blood factors was determined and compared, in each system and each group. Data were analyzed through non parametric tests: Chi Square and Fisher s exact. The results indicated that the blood factors may contribute to the occurrence of digital dermatitis lesions, but further studies are needed for a more accurate conclusion. Thirty confined, 10 months old calves were selected in order to evaluate the efficacy of 5% barbatimão solution. A biopsy punch was introduced in each interdigital space, up to the dermis, to produce a lesion measuring one centimeter in diameter. The lesions were numbered 120 in total and named experimental units, which were divided into two groups of 60 units each: GB treated with 5% aqueous barbatimão bark extract solution and GC treated with water. Tissue repair was evaluated through macroscopic and histological findings in days three, seven, 14 and 21 of treatment. Macroscopic findings were analyzed descriptively, while histological findings were submitted to Mann Whitney test, with p<0.05. For lesions treated, GB group showed less intense polymorphonuclear cells infiltration on the first 14 days of treatment. A marked collagen deposition was also observed at day 14 while collagen alignment was more expressive on day 21. More specific studies may be necessary in order to determine if blood factors can contribute to the occurrence of digital dermatitis. Barbatiman 5% footbath solution for confined cattle helps qualitatively in modulation of interdigital cutaneous incisional wound repair, but does not avoid the extension of inflammatory phase of healing.
Objetivou-se nesta pesquisa estudar um fator de risco para a dermatite digital bovina e avaliar a eficácia do extrato de barbatimão em solução aquosa a 5% como auxiliar no reparo de feridas cutâneas induzidas no espaço interdigital de bovinos. Para pesquisar o fator de risco utilizaram-se 100 fêmeas bovinas, sendo 50 Holandesas e 50 Girolando, de duas propriedades rurais. Dividiram-se as unidades experimentais em quatro grupos: grupo de animais saudáveis da raça Holandesa (GHS) e grupo com lesões de dermatite digital (GHL); grupo de animais saudáveis da raça Girolando (GGS) e grupo com lesões de dermatite digital (GGL). De todos os animais colheram-se 10 ml de sangue, em tubo a vácuo, contendo anticoagulante. As amostras foram refrigeradas e submetidas a testes hemolíticos, para oito sistemas sanguíneos de bovinos: A, B, C, F, J, L, S e Z. A frequência dos fatores sanguíneos foi determinada e comparada, dentro de cada sistema, em cada grupo de animais. Os dados foram analisados através dos testes não paramétricos de Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fisher. Pelos resultados obtidos concluiu-se que os fatores sanguíneos podem contribuir para a ocorrência de lesões de dermatite digital, contudo são necessários estudos mais específicos para uma conclusão mais precisa. Para avaliar a eficácia da solução de barbatimão a 5%, utilizaram-se 30 animais com dez meses de idade, mantidos em sistema de confinamento. Em cada espaço interdigital dos animais, com auxílio de um punch de um centímetro de diâmetro, produziu-se uma lesão cutânea até a derme, totalizando 120 feridas. As feridas foram denominadas unidades experimentais e distribuídas em dois grupos com 60 unidades cada: grupo GB tratado com solução de extrato de barbatimão a 5% e grupo GC tratado com água. A evolução do processo de reparação tecidual das feridas foi acompanhada por meio de avaliações macroscópicas e histológicas nos dias três, sete, 14 e 21 de tratamento. Os achados macroscópicos foram analisados descritivamente e os histológicos submetidos ao teste de Mann Whitney, com p<0,05. Para as feridas tratadas, observou-se que o grupo GB apresentou menor intensidade de infiltrado de células polimorfonucleares nos primeiros 14 dias de tratamento. Nesse grupo observou-se ainda que a deposição de colágeno mostrou-se mais acentuada aos 14 dias e aos 21 dias as fibras colágenas apresentavam-se mais alinhadas. O uso do extrato de barbatimão a 5% em pedilúvio, em bovinos confinados, auxiliou qualitativamente no processo de modulação da reparação de feridas cutâneas interdigitais incisionais, mas não impediu o prolongamento da fase inflamatória do processo cicatricial.
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Vink, Willem Daniel. "Investigating the epidemiology of bovine digital dermatitis : causality, transmission and infection dynamics". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432976.
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Angell, J. W. "Towards a greater understanding of contagious ovine digital dermatitis (CODD) : an epidemiological approach". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2016. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3001336/.
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Contagious ovine digital dermatitis (CODD) is a cause of severe lameness in sheep in the UK. The aim of this study was to gain a greater understanding of this disease and provide practical information for application on farms. A cross-sectional postal survey of 511 farmers in Wales provided information on prevalence, geographical distribution and farmer reported risk factors. CODD was shown to be now endemic in the UK with 35% of farms affected, and an average on farm prevalence of 2.0% although some farms experienced a much greater prevalence. Larger farms were reportedly more at risk, as were those with bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) in their cattle. There has been a rapid increase in reports of CODD arriving on farms since 2000, and farmers considered concurrent footrot, buying in sheep, adult sheep, time of year and housing to be associated with CODD. A four-point ordinal locomotion scoring tool was developed enabling farmers and veterinarians to score the severity of a locomotion abnormality in sheep. This had high levels of intra-observer repeatability: weighted kappa (κW) 0.81 for veterinarians and 0.83 for farmers. A detailed clinical description and five-point lesion grading system were developed in order to aid diagnosis amongst veterinarians and farmers, and to aid communication. Radiographs also highlighted the extensive damage to soft tissues and bony structures that may occur in advanced clinical cases, and locomotion scoring demonstrated a variation in welfare impact by lesion grade. Histopathology provided detailed evidence of the pathological processes occurring in clinical lesions. Early lesions were characterised by a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate of the distal digital skin, with suppurative coronitis and intracorneal pustules. In more advanced lesions there was complete separation of the dorsal hoof wall with a necrotizing and fibrinosuppurative exudate and dermatitis. Later lesions were mostly resolved, but with milder suppurative changes remaining within the cornified layer and periosteal reaction of the dorsal aspect of the distal phalanx. Immunohistochemistry revealed large numbers of treponemal-like organisms particularly within early lesion grades specifically associated with the histopathological changes. A longitudinal repeated cross-sectional field study of six farms with CODD over 16 months provided information on risk factors for CODD. Footrot was strongly associated with CODD at foot level OR: 7.7 (95%CI: 3.9-15.5), as were various pasture based factors. There was a temporal variation in the prevalence of CODD with increases observed in early Autumn and after housing. The minimum inhibitory/minimum bactericidal concentrations (MIC/MBC) of twenty CODD associated Treponema. spp isolates to ten antimicrobials were determined using a microdilution method, with penicillins and macrolides demonstrating the lowest MIC/MBC values. A cluster randomised controlled trial of 24 farms with CODD, using whole flock systemic metaphylactic tilmicosin, together with repeated treatment and isolation of clinical cases failed to eliminate CODD and footrot. The high failure rate (7/13 farms) was considered to be as a result of biosecurity breaches and one control farm managed to eliminate CODD without the whole flock approach.
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Oliveira, Marcus William Mauricio de. "Avaliação de resíduos de oxitetraciclina em leite de vacas acometidas de dermatite digital papilomatosa tratadas por aplicação tópica e intramuscular". Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9141/tde-11122017-163649/.
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O presente trabalho visa avaliar a presença de resíduos de oxitetraciclina de longa ação em leite de vacas acometidas de dermatite digital papilomatosa, divididas em dois grupos, tratadas por aplicação tópica e intramuscular, utilizando a técnica de Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência. Desta forma, objetivando determinar a curva de eliminação da oxitetraciclina de longa ação em múltiplas administr ações e o período de carência desse antibiótico no leite, foram colhidas amostras biológicas em diferentes tempos após a administração do fármaco. O método analítico validado apresentou linearidade, limite de quantificação, recuperação, precisão e exatidão adequados, para a quantificação da oxitetraciclina em leite bovino. Os animais do grupo 2, tratados com a aplicação tópica, não apresentaram resíduos no leite. No grupo 1, onde os animais foram tratados com aplicação intramuscular, o aumento na concentração do resíduo variou de acordo com a proximidade da coleta com a administração, e foram tão altos quanto 4854ng/ml, e os limites máximos de resíduos, foram superiores a tempo de carência preconizado pelos laboratórios farmacêuticos.The purpose of this present work is to evaluate the presence of long action oxitetracic1ine residues in milk from DDP afflicted cows, treated with topic and intramuscular administration (8 animals per group). Analysis were performed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography after treatment with trichloracetic acid. Therefore, aiming to determine the long action oxitetracic1ine elimination curve in milk residues, after multiple administrations, and withdraw period, biological samples were collected in different times after antibiotic administrations. The validated analytic method showed suitable linearity, quantification limit, accuracy, precision and recovery, for quantification of oxitetraciclina in milk. The group in which oxytetracycline, was administred dermically showed any residues in milk in all analysed samples. In the first group, where the animals were treated with intramuscular administration, values as high as 4854 ng/ml were detected, and concentration were higher than Maximum Residue Levels after the withdraw period, determined for the pharmaceutical laboratories.
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Stokes, Jessica Elizabeth. "Investigating novel and existing methods of preventing, detecting and treating digital dermatitis in dairy cattle". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/04667d13-3358-4f2b-a9a2-936adf7d8187.
Resumo:
Digital dermatitis (DD) is a painful skin condition currently considered to be the leading cause of infectious lameness in dairy cattle. The overall objective of this project was to investigate novel and existing methods of detecting DD to be used by farmers and researchers to monitor the disease, and to investigate the impact of farmers’ prevention and treatment strategies on disease prevalence. Visual inspection of lesions in the parlour was found to be a practical and reliable method for detecting and classifying DD. In addition, thermography was identified as a potential tool for the detection of cattle foot disorders. Validating such methods for detecting DD is important because locomotion scoring alone was not found to be sufficiently sensitive to identify cows with DD. In a further study a novel ethogram approach validated several specific behaviours associated with DD. A telephone survey was carried out to establish the nature and scope of management strategies farmers use to control DD. The two main strategies identified in the survey were 1) whole herd footbathing and 2) an individual treatment approach. A one year observational study on fifteen farms used the inspection method developed in the parlour to investigate the impact these two approaches had on disease prevalence. It was found that as herd size increased, footbathing became far less effective in maintaining a low prevalence than treating cows individually. Farmers use a variety of methods in an attempt to control DD on their farms, with different levels of emphasis placed on the priority and regularity of prevention and treatment. An outcome of this study is a DD monitoring approach farmers can use, to routinely assess the effectiveness of prevention and treatment strategies. In addition, results indicate that as herd size and disease prevalence increase, individual treatment is imperative for therapeutic resolution of DD.
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Strub, Sarah. "Occurrence and significance of "Guggenheimella bovis", treponemes and other bacteria in digital dermatitis lesions of cattle /". Bern : [s.n.], 2006. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Loureiro, Marcos Gomes [UNESP]. "Concentrações de oxitetraciclina de longa ação vias sistêmica ou tópicas no leite, líquido sinovial e plasma de vacas acometidas de dermatite digital papilomatosa". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88913.
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loureiro_mg_me_botfmvz.pdf: 397974 bytes, checksum: 0f9aa9e1b52dd5ba24b3c6f4f7257ffe (MD5)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A Dermatite Digital Papilomatosa (DDP) é uma enfermidade com etiologia bacteriana associadas às espiroquetas. O tratamento consiste na administração de antimicrobianos parenterais ou tópicos, destacando-se especialmente as tetraciclinas. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram analisar e comparar a eficiência do tratamento tópico e sistêmico com oxitetraciclina em vacas acometidas por DDP, e a presença de resíduos deste antimicrobiano no leite e suas concentrações no líquido sinovial e plasma. Foram utilizadas 8 vacas no grupo 1 tratadas topicamente e 8 no grupo 2 tratadas por via sistêmica . As amostras foram coletadas nos momentos M0: anterior aos tratamentos, M1: 6 horas pós-tratamento, M2: 12 horas após, e em intervalos de 12 horas até o M23. A eficiência dos tratamentos foi avaliada através do grau de claudicação e da extensão da lesão. As concentrações do antimicrobiano de oxitetraciclina foram determinadas por HPLC. As vacas do Grupo 1 apresentaram redução das lesões e no grau de claudicação e as do grupo 2 não demonstraram melhora nas lesões e elevação no grau de claudicação. As concentrações avaliadas em leite, líquido sinovial e plasma no Grupo 1, revelaram valores abaixo dos limites de detecção estabelecidos pelo HPLC. A avaliação dos resíduos de oxitetraciclina no leite do Grupo 2, entre M1 e M23, encontram-se acima dos limites máximos estabelecidos pela legislação. Conclui-se que a oxitetraciclina em pó foi eficiente para o tratamento de DDP e não apresenta resíduos em plasma, líquido sinovial e leite e que o tratamento sistêmico apresenta baixa eficiência e elevadas concentrações no leite
Papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD) is a restricted digital disease caused by a spirochete-like and other bacterias. The treatment consists of administrating systemic or topics antibiotics, especially tetracyclines. With this work it is intended to compare the efficiency of the topical and systemic treatment with oxitetracycline in cows with PDD and analyze the presence of residues of this antibiotic in the milk and its concentration in the sinovial liquid and plasma. The total of 16 lactating cows with PDD were divided in 2 treatment groups. The samples were obtained in the moments M0: previous to the treatments, M1: 6 hours pos treatment, M2: 12 hours after treatment, and in intervals of 12 hours after treatment until M23. The efficiency of the treatment was evaluated through the lameness degree and the extension of the lesion. The assayed for oxitetracycline content was measured by means of HPLC. The cows of the Group 1 presented reduction of the lesions and in the lameness degree. Cattle of the Group 2 did not demonstrate improvement in the lesions and showed elevation in the lameness degree. The concentration of sinovial fluid and plasma in the milk of cows belonging to Group 1 revealed values below the established detection limits for HPLC in milk. The evaluation of the residues of oxitetracycline in the milk of the Group 2, between M1 and M23, were above the maximum limits established by legislation. As a matter of conclusion it is argued that the powdered oxitetracycline was efficient for the treatment of PDD and it does not present residues in milk, level of plasma or sinovial fluid. Otherwise, the systemic treatment presents low efficiency and high concentration of such substance in the milk
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Rodrigues, Celso Antonio [UNESP]. "Comparação entre as concentrações de tetraciclina no plasma, líquido sinovial e leite de vacas acometidas de dermatite digital papilomatosa, submetidas à administração intravenosa regional". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101194.
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rodrigues_ca_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 1324954 bytes, checksum: bad24252bc2f2fcdbd1d1bfc5e6756a5 (MD5)The majority of lameness in cattle originates in the foot. Currently, there are only limited treatment options available and source of significant economic loss also. The antimicrobial therapy should be based in bacterial sensitivity and pharmacokinetics features. The antimicrobial agent should have a broad antibacterial spectrum and achieve high concentrations in all tissues infected, particularly bone and synovial fluid. Intravenous regional antibiosis consists in place a rubber tourniquet around distal limb during up to 60 minutes and injects a water-soluble antibiotic into a digital vein. This method has been used to improve podal disease treatment. The purpose of this study was compare single-dose concentrations of crystalline tetracycline chloridrate, injected intravenous (IV) and intravenous regional (IVR) in bovine plasma, synovial fluid and milk from dairy cattle. Twelve milk production dairy cattle were used with various stages of digital dermatitis. Cows were randomly assign two groups of six animals. Group 1 will inject a single-dose of 10 mg/Kg crystalline tetracycline chloridrate IV and Group 2 with 1000 mg of crystalline tetracycline chloridrate IVR. Blood, synovial fluid and milk samples were take from jugular vein, left tarsal joint and mammary gland respectively at 0 (control), 22 minutes, 45 minutes, 1 hour and 22 minutes, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 e 120 hours late injections. Tetracycline concentrations in samples were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Mean values tetracyclines plasma concentration in Group 1 were higher than Group 2. Synovial fluid and milk tetracycline concentration showed opposite comportment. Group 2 tetracycline concentration in synovial fluid was higher than Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) during 24 hours for the most frequent bacterias, which cause claw disease. Mean milk antibiotic concentration in Group 2 indicated that would be necessary withdraw up to 96 hours.
A maioria das claudicações na espécie bovina é originária de doenças podais com opções de tratamento limitadas e constituem-se em um dos mais importantes problemas que acomete a espécie. A escolha do medicamento deve estar baseada na sua sensibilidade bacteriana e características farmacocinéticas, devendo recair sobre substância de amplo espectro de ação, capaz de atingir elevadas concentrações nos diferentes tecidos envolvidos na infecção podal. A antibiose intravenosa regional (AIVR), consiste na administração de antimicrobiano hidrossolúvel, após a aplicação de torniquete na extremidade do membro. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar as concentrações e farmacocinética do cloridrato de tetraciclina cristalina, no plasma, líqüido sinovial e leite de vacas acometidas de dermatite digital papilomatosa, administrado em dose única, pela via intravenosa jugular ou pela via intravenosa regional. Foram utilizadas 12 vacas em lactação acometidas de dermatite digital papilomatosa. Posteriormente os animais foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de seis, onde o Grupo 1 recebeu dose única de 10 mg/kg de cloridrato de tetraciclina cristalina intravenosa jugular e o Grupo 2 recebeu 1000 mg de cloridrato de tetraciclina cristalina intravenosa regional. As amostras de sangue da veia jugular, líqüido sinovial do tarso e leite de todos os animais foram colhidas imediatamente antes... .
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Rodrigues, Celso Antônio. "Comparação entre as concentrações de tetraciclina no plasma, líquido sinovial e leite de vacas acometidas de dermatite digital papilomatosa, submetidas à administração intravenosa regional /". Botucatu : [s.n.], 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101194.
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Orientador : Carlos Alberto HussniResumo: A maioria das claudicações na espécie bovina é originária de doenças podais com opções de tratamento limitadas e constituem-se em um dos mais importantes problemas que acomete a espécie. A escolha do medicamento deve estar baseada na sua sensibilidade bacteriana e características farmacocinéticas, devendo recair sobre substância de amplo espectro de ação, capaz de atingir elevadas concentrações nos diferentes tecidos envolvidos na infecção podal. A antibiose intravenosa regional (AIVR), consiste na administração de antimicrobiano hidrossolúvel, após a aplicação de torniquete na extremidade do membro. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar as concentrações e farmacocinética do cloridrato de tetraciclina cristalina, no plasma, líqüido sinovial e leite de vacas acometidas de dermatite digital papilomatosa, administrado em dose única, pela via intravenosa jugular ou pela via intravenosa regional. Foram utilizadas 12 vacas em lactação acometidas de dermatite digital papilomatosa. Posteriormente os animais foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de seis, onde o Grupo 1 recebeu dose única de 10 mg/kg de cloridrato de tetraciclina cristalina intravenosa jugular e o Grupo 2 recebeu 1000 mg de cloridrato de tetraciclina cristalina intravenosa regional. As amostras de sangue da veia jugular, líqüido sinovial do tarso e leite de todos os animais foram colhidas imediatamente antes... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo).
Abstract:The majority of lameness in cattle originates in the foot. Currently, there are only limited treatment options available and source of significant economic loss also. The antimicrobial therapy should be based in bacterial sensitivity and pharmacokinetics features. The antimicrobial agent should have a broad antibacterial spectrum and achieve high concentrations in all tissues infected, particularly bone and synovial fluid. Intravenous regional antibiosis consists in place a rubber tourniquet around distal limb during up to 60 minutes and injects a water-soluble antibiotic into a digital vein. This method has been used to improve podal disease treatment. The purpose of this study was compare single-dose concentrations of crystalline tetracycline chloridrate, injected intravenous (IV) and intravenous regional (IVR) in bovine plasma, synovial fluid and milk from dairy cattle. Twelve milk production dairy cattle were used with various stages of digital dermatitis. Cows were randomly assign two groups of six animals. Group 1 will inject a single-dose of 10 mg/Kg crystalline tetracycline chloridrate IV and Group 2 with 1000 mg of crystalline tetracycline chloridrate IVR. Blood, synovial fluid and milk samples were take from jugular vein, left tarsal joint and mammary gland respectively at 0 (control), 22 minutes, 45 minutes, 1 hour and 22 minutes, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 e 120 hours late injections. Tetracycline concentrations in samples were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Mean values tetracyclines plasma concentration in Group 1 were higher than Group 2. Synovial fluid and milk tetracycline concentration showed opposite comportment. Group 2 tetracycline concentration in synovial fluid was higher than Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) during 24 hours for the most frequent bacterias, which cause claw disease. Mean milk antibiotic concentration in Group 2 indicated that would be necessary withdraw up to 96 hours.
Doutor
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Rüdow, Lina. "Miljöpåverkan av Cu från mjölkkors klövbad". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-43724.
Resumo:
Klövsjukdomen digital dermatit hos kor ger upphov till smärta hos djuren samt störningar i produktionen. För att förebygga och behandla klövsjukdomen används olika preparat, däribland CuSO4-lösning. Syftet med studien är att undersöka om och i så fall i vilken omfattning spridande av kopparförorenad gödsel påverkar Cu-halten i jordbruksmark. Studien genomfördes med provtagning av två oberoende jordbruksmarker där ett av områdena gödslas med kopparförorenad gödsel. Resultaten visar att jordbruksmark där förbrukad CuSO4 spridits med stallgödseln ger upphov till en signifikant ökad Cu-halt i markens översta lager, 0-25 cm.The hoof disease digital dermatitis rise pain with the cows as well as production disruption. To prevent and treat the hoof disease different substances are used, including CuSO4 solutions. The purpose of this study is to examine if, and in that case in which incidence, the spread of copper contaminated manure affects the copper content in agricultural land. The study was performed sampling two independent agricultural areas. One of the areas was fertilized with copper contaminated manure. The results show that agricultural land where CuSO4 has been spread with the manure has a significant higher content of Cu in the upper level of the soil, 0-25 cm.
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Grönlund, Sandra. "Evaluation of the role of a biological medication, reacre® agricura, in the treatment of digital dermatitis in dairy cattle". Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-20071217-104207-6.
Resumo:
A prospective study was performed to evaluate a biological medication in the treatment of digital dermatitis (DD) in dairy cattle. The study was divided into four parts; i) on farm evaluation of DD and treatment effects and comparison between the biological ointment and OTC-spray, ii) statistical evaluation, iii) histological examination using FISH and iv) microbiological examination and culture if bacteria found in biopsies from infected skin.
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Palmer, Maeve Ann. "Lameness in dairy cows : determining effects on performance-related parameters and the basis of individual variation in susceptibility to digital dermatitis". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709690.
Resumo:
Lameness is a major problem for the dairy industry, leading to reduced dairy cow welfare and productivity. One major cause of lameness is digital dermatitis (DD) which affects the skin above the heels. The aims of this thesis were to review potential sources of between-animal variation in susceptibility to DD; to examine relationships between characteristics of the skin or behaviour of dairy cows and susceptibility to DD; and to examine relationships between lameness and both feeding behaviour and milk yield in early and mid-lactation. Relationships between skin characteristics and susceptibility to DD were investigated using heel skin from susceptible and non-susceptible cows. There was no relationship between susceptibility and skin permeability or morphology, but treatment with slurry increased skin permeability. Relationships between behaviour and susceptibility to DD were examined by recording the behaviour of DD-free dairy cows in early lactation and comparing the behaviour of those which did and did not develop DD. DD-susceptible cows were more frequently observed standing half in cubicles and in the passageway and short walkways, where back feet were in contact with slurry. Relationships between lameness and feeding behaviour and between lameness and milk yield were examined in early and mid-lactation. Lameness affected the number and size of meals and total feeding duration at both time points, but a reduced feed intake was found only in early lactation. A parity-dependent relationship between lameness and milk yield was found in early but not mid-lactation.
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SILVEIRA, José Alcides Sarmento da. "Enfermidades podais em bovinos de corte criados em regime extensivo no sudeste do Estado do Pará". Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/8324.
Resumo:
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O estudo foi realizado em 12 propriedades, sendo que em todas foi realizado o estudo epidemiológico e em nove o estudo epidemiológico e exame clínico dos animais. Nos centros de manejo foram observados fatores favoráveis a traumatismos nos dígitos dos bovinos, como piso das seringas calçado com pedras, troncos com exposição de ferragens e rampas dos embarcadores com pisos de pedras pontiagudas, além da falta de manutenção e erros estruturais. Em todas as fazendas observou-se um manejo inadequado dos animais. Em 91,7% das fazendas (11/12) havia piquetes com presença de troncos de árvores e 66,7% (8/12) apresentavam áreas de relevo inclinado com presença de pedras; em 16,7% (2/12) das fazendas havia áreas de brejo com áreas alagadas. A sodomia foi relatada em todas as propriedades. Nenhuma fazenda adotava medidas profiláticas relacionadas às afecções podais. Foram examinados 498 bovinos entre fêmeas e machos. Os membros pélvicos foram mais acometidos, tanto nas fêmeas quanto nos machos. Foram diagnosticadas 629 lesões nas fêmeas, sendo as mais frequentes pododermatite séptica, deformações ungulares, pododermatite da sobreunha e dermatite digital. Nos machos diagnosticou-se 285 lesões e as mais frequentes foram pododermatite séptica, deformações ungulares e erosão de talão. Conclui-se que erros de manejo associados às condições inadequadas das instalações foram fatores que contribuíram para a ocorrência de enfermidades podais em bovinos de corte nas fazendas estudadas; as características ambientais favoreceram o desenvolvimento das lesões; as associações de lesões foram mais prevalentes do que as simples, sendo diagnosticadas em animais em todas as fazendas estudadas; o diagnóstico precoce a campo não é realizado, o que contribuiu para aumentar a gravidade e a diversificação das afecções podais diagnosticadas.
The epidemiological study was conducted in 12 properties with the history of foot diseases occurrence and the clinical examination of the affected animals for the diagnosis of foot diseases was performed only in nine of these properties. It was found on the management centers multiple risk factors for digits injuries, as syringes floors paved with rocks, working chutes with iron fittings exposure, loading ramps covered by sharp stones and the lack of maintenance and structural errors. In every farm there was an inappropriate handling of animals. In 91.7% of farms (11/12) there were pickets with trunks of trees and 66.7% (8/12) had areas of sloping relief with stones. Moreover, 16.7% (2/12) of the farms had marsh areas and wetlands. Sodomy was reported in all properties. None of the farms adopted preventive measures related to foot problems. 498 cattle between males and females were examined. The hind limbs were the most affected both in females and in males. 629 lesions were diagnosed in females. The septic pododermatitis was the most common, followed by claw deformities, pododermatitis in the paradigits and digital dermatitis. Between the examined males 285 injuries were diagnosed and the most common were septic pododermatitis, claw deformities and heel erosion. It was concluded that management errors associated with inadequate facilities were factors that contributed to the occurrence of foot diseases in beef cattle in the studied farms. The environmental characteristics favored the development of lesions; combined injuries were more prevalent than the simple ones, being diagnosed in animals in all studied farms; and the early diagnosis was not carried out in the field, which helped to increase the severity and the diversification of the diagnosed foot problems.
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Baumbach, Christina-Marie. "Organotypic co-culture of bovine keratinocytes and fibroblasts as a 3D skin model for studying the pathogenesis of digital dermatitis". 2016. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A37774.
Resumo:
Bovine Dermatitis digitalis (DD) ist eine weltweit verbreitete Infektionskrankheit bei Rindern, die primär die plantare Haut über dem Kronenrand nahe des Zwischenzehenspalts der Hinterklauen betrifft. Schmerzhafte ulzero-proliferative Läsionen mit akuten und chronischen Erscheinungsformen führen zu Verhaltensänderungen und Lahmheit der Tiere. DD hat damit einen erheblichen Einfluss auf deren Wohl und ihre Leistungen. Zahlreiche Untersuchungen zur Ätiologie der Krankheit ergaben, dass es sich um das Zusammenspiel verschiedener Ursachen handelt. Einer synergistischen multifaktoriellen Infektion mit starker Beteiligung von Bakterien der Gattung Treponema kommt dabei besondere Bedeutung zu. Aspekte wie Tierhaltung, Hygienestandards und genetische Prädispositionen wurden ebenfalls intensiv untersucht. Nichtsdestotrotz bleiben Infektionsherde, Transmissionsrouten und Pathomechanismen weitgehend unklar. Zum besseren Verständnis der Ereignisse, die zu DD-Läsionen führen, sollte im Zuge dieser Arbeit ein organotypisches Zellkulturmodell der bovinen Haut erstellt werden, welches in späteren Versuchen mit dem Krankheitserreger zum Einsatz kommen soll.
Verlässliche und reproduzierbare Techniken zur Isolation und Kultur von bovinen primären Keratinozyten und Fibroblasten wurden etabliert; geeignete Zellkulturmedien für die Langzeitkultivierung und –aufbewahrung der Hautzellen wurden identifiziert. Zur Erstellung des Hautmodells wurden zwei verschiedene Ansätze miteinander verglichen. Der zweite Ansatz, bei dem Keratinozyten direkt auf ein dermales Äquivalent, d.h. ein Pad aus bovinem Kollagen I mit eingesäten post-mitotischen Fibroblasten, gesät wurden, brachte ein vielversprechendes Hautmodell hervor. Die inkorporierten post-mitotischen Fibroblasten wiesen eine charakteristische Zellmorphologie mit intakten Nuklei auf. Die terminale Differenzierung der Keratinozyten auf dem dermalen Äquivalent wurde mittels Immunfluoreszenzfärbungen mit Antikörpern gegen die Markerproteine Keratin 14 und Desmoglein 1 gezeigt. Die Ergebnisse erster Experimente mit Treponema spp. verdeutlichen, dass das Hautäquivalent ein geeignetes Modell zur Untersuchung der Pathogenese der DD darstellt.Bovine digital dermatitis (DD) is a worldwide occurring, infectious disease in cattle primarily affecting the plantar skin above the coronary band near the interdigital cleft on hind feet. Painful ulceroproliferative lesions with acute and chronic appearances lead to behavioral changes and lameness. Hence, DD has a major impact on animal welfare and performance. Substantial efforts in investigating the etiology of the disease revealed a synergistic origin with evidence for a multibacterial infection and the strong involvement of bacteria from the genus Treponema. As the interaction between host, pathogen and environment is not negligible, surrounding circumstances such as housing, general hygiene and genetic predispositions have been investigated intensively. Nevertheless, infection reservoirs, transmission routes and pathomechanisms remain widely unclear. To better understand the cellular and molecular events during Treponema-infection of bovine skin, it was the specific aim of this study to establish an organotypic in vitro skin model, which could be challenged with the causative agent of the disease. A technique to reliably and reproducibly isolate primary keratinocytes and fibroblasts from the site of infection was established. Appropriate cell culture media for the long-term cultivation and storage of bovine skin cells were identified. Two different methods to develop the skin model were compared. The second strategy in which keratinocytes were directly seeded on top of a dermal equivalent, i.e. a bovine collagen type I pad with embedded post-mitotic fibroblasts, gave rise to a promising organotypic skin equivalent. The incorporated post-mitotic fibroblasts showed a characteristic cell morphology with intact nuclei. The terminal differentiation of the keratinocytes on top of the dermal equivalent was shown with anti-K14 and anti-Dsg1 immunofluorescence stainings. The results of initial Treponema-experiments proved that the skin equivalent is a suitable model to investigate the underlying mechanisms during Treponema-infection of bovine skin and hence, the pathogenesis of DD.
27
Grönlund, Sandra [Verfasser]. "Evaluation of the role of a biological medication, reacre agricura, in the treatment of digital dermatitis in dairy cattle / submitted Sandra Grönlund". 2007. http://d-nb.info/1008686689/34.