Livros: "Diagnostic trials"

7

Simon, Day. Dictionary for Clinical Trials. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2007.

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8

Feeding Eden: The trials and triumphs of a food allergy family. Sterling, 2012.

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9

Michael, Sequeira, ed. The 60-second EMT: Rapid BLS/ALS assessment, diagnosis & triage. Mosby, 1988.

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10

Bosker, Gideon. The 60-second EMT: Rapid BLS/ALS assessment, diagnosis & triage. 2nd ed. Mosby Lifeline, 1996.

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11

Mackauf, Stephen H. Failure to diagnose breast cancer: The trial. Law Journal Seminars, 2000.

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12

Meyers, John E. B. Rey complex figure test and recognition trial: Professional manual. Psychological Assessment Resources, 1995.

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13

Ashley, Paul Francis. The use of electrical impedance measurements for the diagnosis of posterior occlusal caries in clinical trials. University of Manchester, 1997.

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14

Geib, Beatrice B. Diagnosis: The learning disabled adult : prognosis : the triage model for success. Educational Resources Information Center, 1986.

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15

K, Stookey George, ed. Clinical Models Workshop: Remin-demin, precavitation, caries : proceedings of the 7th Indiana Conference Indianapolis, Indiana. Indiana University School of Dentistry, 2005.

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16

Bacchus, Catherine Maria. A randomized crossover trial to assess the efficacy of a computer-assisted medical diagnostic consultation service as a teaching tool. National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1992.

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17

Fuilu, Alix. Sur les berges du fleuve Congo. Afro bulles, 2011.

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18

"Paranoia of the millionaire": Harry K. Thaw's 1907 insanity defense. Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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19

Mackauf, Stephen H. Mackauf & Tessel, failure to diagnose fetal distress. Law Journal Seminars, 2001.

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20

Medical Imaging In Clinical Trials. Springer, 2012.

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21

Gazelle, G. Scott, and Nancy A. Obuchowski. Handbook for Clinical Trials of Imaging and Image-Guided Interventions. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2015.

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22

Gazelle, G. Scott, and Nancy A. Obuchowski. Handbook for Clinical Trials of Imaging and Image-Guided Interventions. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2015.

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23

Icd-10 Field Trials of the Diagnostic Criteria for Research in German-Speaking Countries (Psychopathology). S Karger Pub, 1996.

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24

Hochman, Michael E., Christoph I. Lee, and Joseph S. Fotos. 50 Imaging Studies Every Doctor Should Know. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2016.

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25

Iopentol: Clinical trials with a new non-ionic contrast medium : Proceedings of the Nycomed Scientific Symposium 1989, held in Paris, France, June 30-July 1, 1989 (Nycomed scientific series). Sole distributors for the USA and Canada, Elsevier Science Pub. Co, 1990.

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26

Tobin, Martin J. Assessment and technique of weaning. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0102.

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Several studies suggest that most patients weaned successfully could have tolerated the weaning attempts had they been initiated a day or so earlier. Such data emphasize the need for the early use of screening tests. A screening test should have a high sensitivity. The ratio of respiratory frequency to tidal volume has been evaluated in more than 25 studies and its average sensitivity is 0.89. Weaning involves undertaking three diagnostic tests in sequence, measuring predictors, a weaning trial, and a trial of extubation. Of the techniques used for a weaning trial, intermittent mandatory venti

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27

Day, Simon. Dictionary for Clinical Trials. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2000.

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28

Rudick, Richard A., and Jeffrey A. Cohen. Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Second Edition. 2nd ed. Informa Healthcare, 2002.

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29

Maksymowych, Walter P., and Robert G. W. Lambert. Imaging: sacroiliac joints. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198734444.003.0013.

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Radiography of the sacroiliac (SI) joints still forms the cornerstone of diagnosis of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), although its limitations in early disease preclude early diagnosis. Equivocal radiographic findings of sacroiliitis should be followed by MRI evaluation of the SI joints, especially if clinical suspicion of SpA is high. Routine diagnostic evaluation for SpA by MRI of the SI joints should include simultaneous evaluation of T1-weighted (T1W) and short tau inversion recovery (STIR) or T2 fat-suppressed scans. Bone marrow oedema (BME) in subchondral bone is the primary MRI feature

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30

Brugha, Traolach S. Initial assessment (‘Triage’). Edited by Traolach S. Brugha. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198796343.003.0006.

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Chapter 6 considers ways of determining if and when a detailed diagnostic assessment is necessary, what are the benefits and risks for the patient, including considering their viewpoint? If autism is obvious at a first short meeting, one might ask why delay diagnosis any further? With regard to decisions to seek a detailed assessment, what is the value of a diagnosis? What motivates people to seek diagnosis? Are there alternative ways of addressing their problems? What ethical issues are there? How does consent come in to play, particularly in relation to the involvement of other as informants

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31

Thiele, Holger, and Uwe Zeymer. Cardiogenic shock in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0049.

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Cardiogenic shock complicating an acute coronary syndrome is observed in up to 10% of patients and is associated with high mortality still approaching 50%. The extent of ischaemic myocardium has a profound impact on the initial, in-hospital, and post-discharge management and prognosis of the cardiogenic shock patient. Careful risk assessment for each patient, based on clinical criteria, is mandatory, to decide appropriately regarding revascularization by primary percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting, drug treatment by inotropes and vasopressors, mechanical left

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32

Thiele, Holger, and Uwe Zeymer. Cardiogenic shock in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0049_update_001.

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Cardiogenic shock complicating an acute coronary syndrome is observed in up to 10% of patients and is associated with high mortality still approaching 50%. The extent of ischaemic myocardium has a profound impact on the initial, in-hospital, and post-discharge management and prognosis of the cardiogenic shock patient. Careful risk assessment for each patient, based on clinical criteria, is mandatory, to decide appropriately regarding revascularization by primary percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting, drug treatment by inotropes and vasopressors, mechanical left

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33

Thiele, Holger, and Uwe Zeymer. Cardiogenic shock in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0049_update_002.

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Cardiogenic shock complicating an acute coronary syndrome is observed in up to 10% of patients and is associated with high mortality still approaching 50%. The extent of ischaemic myocardium has a profound impact on the initial, in-hospital, and post-discharge management and prognosis of the cardiogenic shock patient. Careful risk assessment for each patient, based on clinical criteria, is mandatory, to decide appropriately regarding revascularization by primary percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting, drug treatment by inotropes and vasopressors, mechanical left

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34

Thiele, Holger, and Uwe Zeymer. Cardiogenic shock in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0049_update_003.

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Cardiogenic shock complicating an acute coronary syndrome is observed in up to 10% of patients and is associated with high mortality still approaching 50%. The extent of ischaemic myocardium has a profound impact on the initial, in-hospital, and post-discharge management and prognosis of the cardiogenic shock patient. Careful risk assessment for each patient, based on clinical criteria, is mandatory, to decide appropriately regarding revascularization by primary percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting, drug treatment by inotropes and vasopressors, mechanical left

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35

Benedek, David M., and Gary H. Wynn. Pharmacologic Treatment of Adults with Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders. Edited by Frederick J. Stoddard, David M. Benedek, Mohammed R. Milad, and Robert J. Ursano. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190457136.003.0022.

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This chapter reviews evidence-based pharmacological treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder, acute stress disorder, and adjustment disorder in adults. Emphasis is given to treatments that have received the strongest recommendations in published practice guidelines, clinical trials, and meta-analyses. Mention is also made of pharmacological interventions introduced subsequent to changes in diagnostic definitions that occurred with the shift to the category trauma- and stress-related disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fifth edition). Medications covered

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36

Gandhi, Sanjay, and William R. Lewis. ECG monitoring in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0129.

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Electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring is routinely used in hospitals for patients with a wide range of cardiac and non-cardiac diagnoses. Besides simple monitoring of heart rate and detection of life-threatening arrhythmias, the goals of ECG monitoring include detection of myocardial ischaemia, diagnosis of complex arrhythmia, and identification of a prolonged QT interval. The ECG remains a cornerstone in diagnosis and management of patients with coronary ischaemia. Over the past decade, there has been an increase in the number and complexity of electrophysiological interventions, including co

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37

Todd, Stacy, and Nick Beeching. Fungal infection. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0315.

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Fungi, comprising yeasts, moulds, and higher fungi, have a worldwide distribution and are uncommon causes of disease in healthy individuals. However, over the last 20 years, invasive fungal disease (IFD) has become an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality. This is probably due to the increasing numbers of patients with underlying host conditions, which predispose to opportunistic IFD (e.g. transplant and anti-tumour necrosis factor immunosuppression, HIV, or chronic lung disease), and to increased recognition of endemic IFD (e.g. histoplasmosis), which cause disease in both immunocompete

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38

Hotopf, Matthew. Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of depression in advanced disease. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806677.003.0009.

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Depression in palliative care is common, under-recognised and has significant impacts for sufferers. There are effective treatments but often a shortage of staff to provide them. This chapter sets out a number of key issues to consider when assessing and treating individual patients and considers the way in which palliative care services can innovate to provide a population level response to depression. Palliative care staff can be trained to deliver basic depression care and follow simple protocols to initiate, monitor and adjust antidepressant treatment. These approaches have been tested in

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39

Casey, Patricia. Treatment of adjustment disorders (DRAFT). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198786214.003.0007.

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There are few randomized controlled studies of the treatment of AD. This is due to the transience of the symptoms, the difficulty obtaining a homogeneous population owing to the absence of diagnostic criteria, and the variable nature of the stressor, among others. Clinical guidelines specify that brief psychological interventions are preferred, and these incorporate elements from the many approaches now available on the assumption that their mechanism of action will also be effective in AD. Few have been tested specifically in AD. Low-intensity therapies specific to AD are being developed, suc

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40

Brugha, Traolach S. Detailed needs assessment. Edited by Traolach S. Brugha. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198796343.003.0011.

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Patients with more complex presentations that include autism may require more detailed assessments involving a multidisciplinary approach. This chapter covers a range of measures that are used in clinical practice and in randomized controlled treatment trials in adults, which add more detailed information. These may be helpful in planning for the interventions described in subsequent chapters. Advanced diagnostic approaches will be considered, which call upon neuropsychology, speech and language therapy, social work, occupational therapy, and the use of quality of life approaches. More detaile

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41

Anderson, Leslie K., Stuart B. Murray, and Walter H. Kaye, eds. Clinical Handbook of Complex and Atypical Eating Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190630409.001.0001.

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The aim of this book is to collate what is known about an array of complicating factors for patients with eating disorders, serving as an accessible introduction to each of the comorbidities and symptom presentations highlighted in the volume. The Handbook of Complex and Atypical Eating Disorders presents the available data about atypical and complex ED, in addition to what is known about treatment approaches. The first section contains chapters on the treatment of eating disorders with various psychiatric comorbidities, including trauma, borderline personality disorder, substance use, suicida

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42

McNeil, Andrew J., Ajay Antony, and Marc O. Maybauer. Testicular Pain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190271787.003.0021.

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Testicular pain or orchialgia affects nearly 100,000 individuals in the United States each year. It is defined as chronic when the duration of pain exceeds 3 months. Evaluation begins with a thorough history and physical examination followed by focused diagnostic testing. Treatment modalities range from noninvasive measures to medical management and surgical interventions. Key components of treating chronic orchialgia involve identifying anatomic structures involved in the painful condition, ruling out serious underlying causes, and approaching treatment in a stepwise incremental fashion. As r

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43

Wall, B. F., C. Maccia, and B. M. Moores. The 1991 CEC Trial on Quality Criteria for Diagnostic Images: Detailed Results and Findings. European Communities / Union (EUR-OP/OOPEC/OPOCE), 1997.

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44

Chadwick, David, Alastair Compston, Michael Donaghy, et al. Investigations. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569381.003.0100.

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This chapter describes the many methods that can be used to investigate neurological disorders. The application and suitability for specific disorder types are outlined, as are contraindications for use. Methods of imaging the central nervous system include computed tomography (CT) imaging, several magnetic resonance (MR) scanning methods, Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Invasive (angiography) and non-invasive methods of imaging the cerebral circulation are also outlined.The standard method of recording electrical activity of the brain

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45

Weller, Michael, Michael Brada, Tai-Tong Wong, and Michael A. Vogelbaum. Astrocytic tumours: diffuse astrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, glioblastoma, and gliomatosis cerebri. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199651870.003.0003.

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Astrocytic gliomas are primary brain tumours thought to originate from neural stem or progenitor cells. They are assigned grades II, III, or IV by the World Health Organization according to degree of malignancy as defined by histology. The following molecular markers are increasingly used for diagnostic subclassification or clinical decision-making: 1p/19q co-deletion status, O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status, and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 mutation status. Extent of resection is a favourable prognostic factor, but surgery is never curative. Radiot

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46

Farrier, Jasmine. Constitutional Dysfunction on Trial. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501702501.001.0001.

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In an original assessment of all three branches, this book reveals a new way in which the American federal system is broken. Turning away from the partisan narratives of everyday politics, the book diagnoses the deeper and bipartisan nature of imbalance of power that undermines public deliberation and accountability, especially on war powers. By focusing on the lawsuits brought by Congressional members that challenge presidential unilateralism, the book provides a new diagnostic lens on the permanent institutional problems that have undermined the separation of powers system in the last five d

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47

McCloskey, Michael S., Mitchell E. Berman, and Kurtis Noblett. Assessment and Treatment of Intermittent Explosive Disorder. Edited by Jon E. Grant and Marc N. Potenza. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195389715.013.0099.

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Intermittent explosive disorder (IED), a DSM-IV-TR disorder characterized by significant acts of aggression and violence, is being increasingly recognized as a prevalent and chronic disorder. Given the personal, social, and economic costs associated with IED, there is a clear need for well-validated assessment measures and efficacious treatments. However, there are currently no published, well-validated diagnostic measures of IED. With regard to treatment, preliminary evidence from a few randomized clinical trials suggests that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and cognitive behavioral p

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48

Kittel-Schneider, Sarah. The treatment of bipolar mixed states. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198748625.003.0005.

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Definition of mixed episodes has changed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edition) (DSM-5). A mixed feature specifier can be added not only to major depressive episodes and manic episodes in bipolar patients but also to hypomanic episodes in bipolar II patients and major depressive episode in major depressive disorder. Atypical antipsychotics seem to be effective in acute treatment as well as valproate and carbamazepine. Regarding prophylaxis of mixed states, monotherapy with valproate, olanzapine and quetiapine seems to prevent mixed episodes. Adjunctive thera

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49

Fye, W. Bruce. Transforming Cardiac Catheters into Treatment Tools. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199982356.003.0016.

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Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) transformed the cardiac catheter from a diagnostic tool into a treatment tool. The technology involved a special catheter fitted with a balloon near its tip that could be blown up to expand a narrowed coronary artery segment. For patients with angina, the procedure was an attractive alternative to coronary bypass surgery. Mayo cardiologists were among the first to adopt angioplasty and to call for controlled clinical trials to compare it to bypass surgery. Initially, cardiologists (who already performed coronary angiography) learned to perf

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50

Wagenlehner, Florian M. E., Adrian Pilatz, Thomas Bschleipfer, Thorsten Diemer, and Wolfgang Weidner. Inflammation. Edited by Rob Pickard. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0007.

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There is a consensus on the diagnostic and therapeutic manage¬ment of bacterial prostatitis (acute and chronic). However, increas¬ing antimicrobial resistance rates for quinolones pose problems for the future, especially for therapy of chronic bac¬terial prostatitis. In chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome, the diag¬nostic approach currently points more and more to an individu¬alized phenotypic assessment, in an effort to direct multimodal management towards improvement of specific symptom domains. Most therapy trials for single agents in CP/CPPS have been nega¬tive, therefore stra

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