Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Diarrea en animales"
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Cabellos, Rojas Karina Olinda. "Seroprevalencia de los virus : parainfluenza 3, respiratorio sincitial, diarrea viral bovina, en un rebaño mixto de una comunidad campensina de la provincia de Calca, Cusco". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2006. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/684.
Texto completo da fonte--- The seroprevalence of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV), Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 (PI3V) and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) in serum samples of alpacas (n igual 21), bovine (n igual 66) and sheep (n igual 152) of a rural community of Cusco, Peru. It was carried out by virus-neutralization test. The 15.8±16.4% (3/21), 4.8 ±9.1% (1/21) and 23.8±18.2% (5/21) of alpacas had neutralizing antibodies against BVD, RS and PI3 virus. The 90.9±6.9% (60/66), 87.88±7.9% (58/66) and 81.8 ±9.3% (54/66) of bovine and the 28.29±7.1% (43/152), 49.34 ±7.9% (75/152) and 50.0 ±7.9% (76/152) of sheep had antibodies to BVDV, RSV and PI3V respectively. These results confirm the presence of viral infections in ruminants of mixed breeding system of a rural community.
Tesis
Huamán, Gonzáles Juan Carlos. "Prevalencia del virus de la diarrea viral bovina, y animales persistentemente infectados con el virus, en hatos productores de leche de la irrigación de Majes, Arequipa". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2006. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/686.
Texto completo da fonte--- The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) and persistently infected (PI) animals, in dairy herds located in Majes Arequipa, Peru. The study was carried out in three steps. In the first step, 204 bulk tank milk samples corresponding to 204 herds were taken at Gloria S.A. processing plant in Majes for detection of antibodies against BVDV by indirect ELISA test. In the second step, 286 blood samples were taken from 57 strong positive (Optical Density [OD] ³ 0.900) herds for antibodies against BVDV and PI animals’ detection by indirect and capture ELISAs respectively. In the third step, blood samples were taken from all the animals up to 6 to 24 months old from three herds that have at least one PI animal. The prevalence of BVDV in the 204 herds was 98.04 ± 1.90% (200/204), the levels of antibodies ranged from 0.300 to 2.350 OD.
Tesis
Manchego, Sayan Alberto Gustavo. "Efecto de la Neomicina B sobre la transcripción y replicación del Rotavirus tipo A". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2009. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/977.
Texto completo da fonte-- The aminoglycosides antibiotics have been shown to interact with various RNA molecules binding to regions with secondary structure. Reports indicate that neomycin B may inhibit the replication of HIV and other RNA viruses. The rotavirus genome consists of 11 segments of double-stranded RNA, viral replication uses as template the plus-strand RNA (mRNA) for minus-strand RNA synthesis. Has been determinate that existent signals in cis in the mRNA necessaries for the replication that involvement sequences and conformations essential for the recognition the polymerase viral. Since two different RNA synthesis step are involve in the morphogenesis of the virus the effect of neomycin B and other aminoglycosides was studied in both transcription and/or replication of the viral genome. The results show that concentrations of 3 mM of neomycin B inhibited the rotavirus replication in vivo on MA104 cells. In open cores where both transcription and minus strand synthesis (double stranded RNA synthesis) could be observed, it was determined that near a 100% inhibition was obtained with concentration 125 μM neomycin B. The study of the nature of the inhibition showed that the 11 segments of viral genome had a differential sensibility to the drug, segment 2, 3, 4 and 5 were more sensitive. The open core system allowed minus strand synthesis using as template exogenous rotavirus mRNA. In experiments where neomycin B was added, a total inhibition of the minus strand synthesis dependant of the exogenous template was obtained over the endogenous synthesis. The effect of neomycin in transcription (plus strand synthesis) was studied in vitro system; concentrations of 12 mM were fully inhibitory affecting the start and elongation of 11 genomic segments, observed by pulse and hunting strategy and poliacrylamide –urea gel 30% electrophoresis. Protection a nuclease test allowed to determined interaction neomycin –viral mRNA. These results indicate that the neomycin B interacts with single strand RNA as well as double strand RNA of rotavirus, but has highest affinity for single strand RNA producing inhibition of replication. The differential affinity for both RNA could be explain by the presence in rotavirus mRNA of a neomycin binding site, similar to the one present in TAR RNA of HIV, binding to a sequence and/or secondary structure in the mRNA preventing than the viral RNA polymerize synthesis of minusstrand RNA. -- Key words: Rotavirus, viral transcripción, viral replicación, aminoglycósides, neomycin
Tesis
Aguilar, Jáuregui Rafael Vladimir. "Evaluación de la madre positiva A Cryptosporidium parvum como factor de riesgo para la presentación de Cryptosporidium parvum en cría de alpacas con diarrea en la provincia de Canchis departamento de Cusco". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2009. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/723.
Texto completo da fonteCryptosporidiosis is a disease caused by different species of the Cryptosporidium genus it overall produces diarrhea in newborns and depending on the specie involved, these can be involved in a problem of public health. Many studies were performed in Peru to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium and they showed that a major number of cases were in an area with a higher number of animals. The aim of this study was to establish if presence of Cryptosporidium parvum in mothers is a risk factor for presentation of Cryptosporidium parvum in offsprings.
Tesis
Aguilar, Salomón Renzo Edward. "Seroprevalencia del virus de la diarrea viral bovina en ganado lechero de crianza intensiva del valle de Lima". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2006. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/5440.
Texto completo da fonteTesis
Jayashi, Flores César Mitsuo. "Dinámica de seroconversión en terneras y vaquillas post eliminación de animales portadores del pestivirus bovino en un hato lechero de Arequipa en un período de doce meses". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2004. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/2263.
Texto completo da fonteBovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is an infectious disease considered to be an important cause of reproductive losses in cattle. The objective of this study was to determinate the effect of elimination of carrier animals on the seroconversion against BVDV of the new generation of animals of a dairy farm from the Arequipa region. 204 sera samples were taken, divided into four sampling periods, january (n=73), june (n=48) and october 2003 (n=48), and also january 2004 (n=35). BVDV seroprevalence was 80,83 ± 9,03% (59/73) for january; 56,25 ± 14,03% (27/48) for june; 50,00 ± 14,15% (24/48) for october 2003 and 22,86 ± 13,91% (8/35) for january 2004, using viral neutralisation test. Were also found 2,74% (2/73) persistently infected (PI) animals in january 2003, using an antigen-capture ELISA test. However, there was not found any PI animals in the subsequent samplings. There was an incidence of BVDV infection of 23/100 calves/heifers per month (13/21) for the june to october 2003 period, 5/100 (3/24) for the october 2003 to january 2004 period and 12/100 (24/59) for the january 2003 to january 2004 period. Logistic regression showed that elimination of PI animals in january 2003 reduced the infection risk for the subsequent sampling periods. It also showed that age was a risk factor for VDVB infection. The results showed BVDV infection is highly prevalent in herds that have PI animals and that their elimination leads to reduce the infection risk of their herd mates. Due to these findings, it is recommended to identify PI animals through serological tests and to eliminate them as a first approach to the control and eradication of BVDV in intensive management dairy herds.
Tesis
Jiménez, Aliaga Karim Lizeth. "Caracterización molecular de fosfolipasa A de Campylobacter jejuni aislado de pollos de carne". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2007. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1089.
Texto completo da fonte--- In order to characterize the Campylobacter jejuni’s outer membrane phospholipase A (OMPLA E.C. 3.1.1.32) from broiler chickens, it was standarized suitable methods for isolation and identification of this bacterium from cloacal swabs of commercial chickens. To that end, first it was analized the presence of C. jejuni in cloacal swabs by using bacteriological techniques and nested-PCR based on 16S ribosomal and hipO genes. The approaches used detected C. jejuni in the 29/50 (58%) and 48/50 (96%) of the samples respectively. Then, it was determined the nucleotidic sequence of 16S ribosomal gene to have a well-characterized native strain for using it as a model in the study of phospholipase A. The nucleotidic sequence of both genes showed 98% and 92% of similarity with Campylobacter jejuni subs. jejuni ATCC 33560. The haemolytic and phospholipase A enzymatic activities of the C. jejuni MP4 strain was calcium-depended, when calcium was replaced by EDTA both activities significantly decreased of 4119.4 to 44.78 U/mg protein. It was amplified and sequenced the central side from pldA gen of C. jejuni MP4 using specific primers. By means of that, it was obtained 225 nucleotides and 75 aminoacids. The comparison of aminoacidic sequences by CLUSTALW showed 99% and 98% of identity with OMPLA proteins from C. jejuni RM1221 and C. jejuni subsp. jejuni ATCC 33560. This high conservation of the aminoacidic sequence of phospholipase A become it into a potential target to design vaccines and diagnostic tests.
Tesis
Sicha, Romero Francisco Josimar. "Identificación de grupos filogenéticos de Escherichia coli aislado de crías de alpacas (Vicugna pacos) con diarrea". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/4933.
Texto completo da fonteTesis
Llamosas, Alván María del Pilar. "Serotipificación de cepas de Escherichia coli aisladas de neonatos de alpacas (Vicugna pacos) con diarrea en Cerro de Pasco". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/4928.
Texto completo da fonteTesis
Molina, Meza Daniel Antonio. "Evaluación de Cryptosporidium parvum como factor de riesgo en la presentación de diarrea neonatal en alpacas en el departamento de Puno". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2007. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/11173.
Texto completo da fonteManifiesta que la criptosporidiosis es una enfermedad parasitaria de distribución cosmopolita que es causante de severos brotes de diarrea en los rumiantes domésticos neonatales. El presente estudio evaluó por primera vez en campo el papel del Cryptosporidium parvum como factor de riesgo en la presentación de diarrea neonatal empleando el diseño epidemiológico de Caso-Control en alpacas del departamento de Puno. El muestreo se realizó entre los meses de Febrero y Marzo del 2006. Se recolectaron muestras fecales (n=487) directamente del recto de crías de alpacas entre 1 a 15 días de edad procedentes de las localidades de Antacalla, La Raya, Quimsachata y Macusani. Los frotis fecales fijados previamente en metanol, fueron procesados según la técnica de tinción de Ziehl-Neelsen Modificado. Se encontró que de los animales diarreicos, el 39 % (130/336) resultaron positivos a la infección por C. parvum. Por otro lado, el 23 % (35/151) de las alpacas sin diarrea estaban infectadas. El análisis de regresión logística demostró que el parásito no representó un factor de riesgo para diarrea neonatal en los animales estudiados (OR: 1.5, IC 95%: 0.9-2.4). Otras variables fueron también evaluadas junto a C. parvum, determinándose que la localidad de La Raya fue estadísticamente significativa (P < 0.05), representando un factor de riesgo para la presentación de diarrea neonatal (OR: 2.5, IC 95%: 1.1-6.1).
Tesis
Villacorta, Guzmán Cecilia. "Evaluación de Cryptosporidium parvum como factor de riesgo para la presentación de diarrea neonatal en alpacas en el departamento de Cuzco". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2007. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/11181.
Texto completo da fonteTesis
Benito, Fernández Diana Julia. "Detección de anticuerpos contra diarrea viral bovina y enfermedad de la frontera en cabras de cuatro provincias del departamento de Lima". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/17584.
Texto completo da fontePerú. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria. Laboratorio de Virología.
Sánchez, Salazar Manuel Rodolfo. "Permisibilidad de cultivos celulares secundarios de alpaca y llama a multiplicación viral de herpesvirus bovino, virus de la diarrea viral bovina, virus parainfluenza 3 bovina y virus respiratorio sincitial bovino". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2006. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/705.
Texto completo da fonte--- In order to determine the permisibility of alpaca and llama cell cultures to infection by various viral agents of known seroprevalence, nasal turbinate and skin cell lines of alpaca and llama were established and infected with Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV), Bovine Herpes Virus type 1 (BHV-1), Bovine respiratory Sincitial Virus (BRSV) and Bovine Parainfluenza Virus type 3 (BPIV-3). Presentation of citopathogenic effect (CPE) was determined and characterized by optical microscopy of Hematoxilin-Eosine stained monolayers. The presence of viral antigen was confirmed by Direct Immunofluorescence. Every cell line was permisible to infection with the four viral strains, showing the characteristic CPE. These results prove that alpaca and llama cells cultured in vitro show homologue receptors to those found in bovine cells and determine that these type of cultured cells repesent an appropriate model for viral infection assays. Key Words: alpaca, llama, cell lines, permisibility, Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV), Bovine Herpes Virus type 1 (BHV-1), Bovine respiratory Sincitial Virus (BRSV) and Bovine Parainfluenza Virus type 3 (BPIV-3), Citopathogenic effect (CPE).
Tesis
Siuce, Moreno Juan José. "Desarrollo de una vacuna contra Escherichia coli para alpacas y su evaluación en un modelo murino". Doctoral thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/12215.
Texto completo da fonteTesis
Benito, Quispe Rafael Ricardo. "Giardiasis en caninos y felinos domésticos. Revisión de la epidemiología diagnóstico, tratamiento, prevención y control". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2008. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/12678.
Texto completo da fonteBrinda información actualizada sobre la epidemiología, diagnóstico, tratamiento, prevención y control de la giardiasis en caninos y felinos, que pueda ser aplicada por el Médico Veterinario en nuestro medio. En la actualidad se reconocen 6 especies de Giardia, con distinta especificidad de hospederos. Además, se conoce que Giardia duodenalis posee una gran variabilidad genética, presentando un conjunto de genotipos morfológicamente indistinguibles que pueden afectar a diversos mamíferos e incluso al hombre. Los diagnósticos utilizados con mayor frecuencia son los métodos microscópicos tradicionales, existiendo otras técnicas de valor epidemiológico como ELISA y otra de mayor sensibilidad y especificidad como la técnica de inmunofluorescencia directa; el uso de las técnicas moleculares como PCR, han permitido identificar los genotipos existentes. El tratamiento de la giardiasis debe ser efectivo e integral y requiere la aplicación de medicamentos seguros, los cuales deben pertenecer a los grupos químicos de los benzimidazólicos, nitroimidazoles, nitrofurano y la quinacrina; los cuales requieren de una aplicación prolongada, que varían, entre 2 a 10 días. Sin embargo, la eficacia de alguno de estos medicamentos hasta la fecha no ha alcanzado el 100%; debido a que el período prepatente de la Giardia sp., puede ser extremadamente corto; pudiendo ser posible que el animal se reinfecte e inicie una nueva eliminación de quistes luego de cinco días contados a partir del último tratamiento. Por lo que es muy difícil prevenir la reinfección de mascotas caseras o de animales que se conservan en ambientes no controlados. Además, se requiere de la aplicación de medidas de vigilancia tendientes a la disminución de la carga infectiva (quistes) presentes en los lugares de recreo y en los pelos de los caninos y felinos, realizando una descontaminación del ambiente en base a amonio cuaternario y baño de la mascota; evitándose de esta forma la continuación del ciclo biológico.
Trabajo de suficiencia profesional
Malpartida, Cóndor Saul. "Determinación del efecto antidiarreico en ratones albinos del extracto etanólico de hojas de Solanum radicans L.F “ñuchco hembra” y evaluación de citotoxicidad en Artemia salina". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/10016.
Texto completo da fonteTesis
Barrios, Arpi Luis Manuel. "Variabilidad fenotípica y genotípica de cepas de Escherichia coli provenientes de crías de alpaca (Vicugna pacos) con cuadros diarreicos y clínicamente sanas". Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/4941.
Texto completo da fonteTesis
Muniz, Mêndelson Henrique Baldassa 1965. "Minerais de fontes orgânicas em dietas de leitões desmamados /". Botucatu : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104055.
Texto completo da fonteBanca: Fábio Enrique Lemos Budiño
Banca: Messias Alves da Trindade Neto
Banca: José Roberto Sartori
Banca: Antonio Celso Pezzato
Resumo: Foram utilizados 54 leitões de genética comercial, desmamados com idade média de 24 dias e peso médio de 7,35 kg, num delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com dois tratamentos, nove repetições e três animais por parcela. Os tratamentos foram rações suplementadas com minerais de fontes orgânicas e inorgânicas (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn e Se) nas fases pré- inicial, inicial I e inicial II. Foram avaliados os dados médios de consumo diário de ração, ganho diário de peso e conversão alimentar nos períodos de 24 a 28, 24 a 50 e 24 a 57 dias de idade, bem como a incidência de diarréia nos primeiros 14 dias do período experimental. Após a última pesagem foi coletada uma amostra de sangue de cada animal para avaliação dos parâmetros hematológicos e em seguida os leitões foram abatidos para avaliação da deposição de minerais em tecidos e órgãos. As fontes orgânicas de minerais nas rações fornecidas dos 24 aos 57 dias de idade dos melhoraram o ganho diário de peso (P = 0,06), a conversão alimentar (P = 0,05) e aumentaram o número de hemácias (P = 0,10), contudo, não influenciaram a incidência de diarréia ou a deposição de minerais no músculo masseter, fígado, coração, baço e rim. Portanto, o uso de suplemento de minerais de fontes orgânicas pode ser recomendado nas rações por ter sido mais eficiente para leitões na fase de creche.
Abstract: This experiment used 54 piglets from a commercial line, which were weaned at the mean age of 24 days and mean weight of 7.35 kg, in a randomized block design having two treatments, nine replicates and three animals per replicate. The treatments consisted of rations supplemented with either organic or inorganic mineral sources (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn and Se) during the pre-initial, initial I and initial II phases. Daily ration intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion were computed for three periods: 24-28, 24-50 and 24-57 days of age. Also diarrhea incidence during the first 14 days of the experimental period was evaluated. After the last weighing a blood sample was collected from each animal to evaluate hematological parameters, and then all piglets were slaughtered to evaluate mineral deposition in tissues and organs. The organic mineral sources fed from 24 to 57 days of age improved daily weight gain (P = 0.06) and feed conversion (P = 0.05) and also raised red blood cell count (P = 0.10); however, no evidence was found of any effect on diarrhea incidence or on mineral deposition in the masseter muscle, liver, heart, spleen or kidneys. Therefore, organic mineral supplements can be recommended, as they proved more effective than inorganic sources for nursery piglets.
Doutor
Lucas, Thays Mizuki [UNESP]. "Ocorrência e investigação de fatores de virulência em enteropatógenos de origem bacteriana em potros até três meses de idade, com e sem diarréia, criados no interior do Estado de São Paulo". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94599.
Texto completo da fonteCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A diarreia é causa comum de morbimortalidade em potros neonatos. Os principais agentes causais de origem bacteriana na enterite em potros são: Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Clostridium difficile, Clostridium perfringens e Rhodococcus equi. Foram colhidas 80 amostras de fezes de potros com diarreia e 26 sem diarreia, perfazendo 106 animais com idade até três meses de idade, de diferentes raças, provenientes de propriedades do interior do estado de São Paulo. Foi investigado fatores de virulência de Escherichia coli, caracterização dos sorotipos de Salmonella spp., detecção de toxinas de Clostridium difficille e Clostridium perfringens, e perfil de sensibilidade microbiana das linhagens de E. coli e Salmonella spp. Foram isoladas 64 (60,3%) estirpes de Escherichia coli, o gene fimH em 34 (53,9%) linhagens, o gene ag43 em 33 (52,3%) estirpes e o gene papC em seis (9,5%) isolados. Foram isoladas 17 (16,0%) linhagens do gênero Salmonella. Foram identificadas 20 linhagens de Clostridium perfringens,17 positivos para toxina A e três a toxina A beta 2. Duas amostras de fezes foi isolado Clostridium difficile, produtores das toxinas A/B. Infere-se no presente estudo a complexidade etiológica na enterite de potros até três meses de idade, a baixa relação dos fatores de virulência de E. coli pesquisados com linhagens isoladas de animais com diarreia, a relevância em saúde pública dos sorotipos de Salmonella spp. identificados nos potros, o predomínio da toxina A nos isolados de C. perfringens e C. difficile, e a necessidade da adoção de tratamento das enterites com respaldo dos testes de sensibilidade microbiana
Diarrhea is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in neonatal foals. The main causative agents of bacterial of enteritis in foals are: Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Clostridium difficile, Clostridium perfringens and Rhodococcus equi. Were collected 80 stool samples from foals with diarrhea and 26 without diarrhea, totaling 106 animals, aged three months old, different races and from properties in the state of São Paulo. Were investigated virulence factors from E. coli, characterization of the serotypes of Salmonella spp., detection of toxins of Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium difficille, and antimicrobial susceptibility to E. coli and Salmonella spp. strains. Were isolated 64 (60.3%) E. coli strains, the detection of the fimH gene in 34 (53.9%) strains, the gene ag43 in 33 (52.3%) strains and gene papC in six (9 , 5%) isolated. We isolated 17 (16.0%) strains of Salmonella. Were identified 20 strains of Clostridium perfringens, 17 detected the toxin A and three the toxin A beta 2. Two stool specimens was isolated Clostridium difficile toxin producer A / B. It is inferred in the present study the complexity enteritis in foals up to three months, the low ratio of virulence factors of E. coli strains isolated from animals with diarrhea, the public health relevance of the serotypes of Salmonella spp. identified in foals, the prevalence of toxin A in isolates of C. perfringens and C. difficile, and the need to adopt the treatment of bacterial enteritis in foals with the backing of microbial sensitivity tests
Muniz, Mêndelson Henrique Baldassa [UNESP]. "Minerais de fontes orgânicas em dietas de leitões desmamados". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104055.
Texto completo da fonteCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Foram utilizados 54 leitões de genética comercial, desmamados com idade média de 24 dias e peso médio de 7,35 kg, num delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com dois tratamentos, nove repetições e três animais por parcela. Os tratamentos foram rações suplementadas com minerais de fontes orgânicas e inorgânicas (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn e Se) nas fases pré- inicial, inicial I e inicial II. Foram avaliados os dados médios de consumo diário de ração, ganho diário de peso e conversão alimentar nos períodos de 24 a 28, 24 a 50 e 24 a 57 dias de idade, bem como a incidência de diarréia nos primeiros 14 dias do período experimental. Após a última pesagem foi coletada uma amostra de sangue de cada animal para avaliação dos parâmetros hematológicos e em seguida os leitões foram abatidos para avaliação da deposição de minerais em tecidos e órgãos. As fontes orgânicas de minerais nas rações fornecidas dos 24 aos 57 dias de idade dos melhoraram o ganho diário de peso (P = 0,06), a conversão alimentar (P = 0,05) e aumentaram o número de hemácias (P = 0,10), contudo, não influenciaram a incidência de diarréia ou a deposição de minerais no músculo masseter, fígado, coração, baço e rim. Portanto, o uso de suplemento de minerais de fontes orgânicas pode ser recomendado nas rações por ter sido mais eficiente para leitões na fase de creche.
This experiment used 54 piglets from a commercial line, which were weaned at the mean age of 24 days and mean weight of 7.35 kg, in a randomized block design having two treatments, nine replicates and three animals per replicate. The treatments consisted of rations supplemented with either organic or inorganic mineral sources (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn and Se) during the pre-initial, initial I and initial II phases. Daily ration intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion were computed for three periods: 24-28, 24-50 and 24-57 days of age. Also diarrhea incidence during the first 14 days of the experimental period was evaluated. After the last weighing a blood sample was collected from each animal to evaluate hematological parameters, and then all piglets were slaughtered to evaluate mineral deposition in tissues and organs. The organic mineral sources fed from 24 to 57 days of age improved daily weight gain (P = 0.06) and feed conversion (P = 0.05) and also raised red blood cell count (P = 0.10); however, no evidence was found of any effect on diarrhea incidence or on mineral deposition in the masseter muscle, liver, heart, spleen or kidneys. Therefore, organic mineral supplements can be recommended, as they proved more effective than inorganic sources for nursery piglets.
Olivo, Giovane [UNESP]. "Estudo clínico e etiológico da diarréia em potros". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/108569.
Texto completo da fonteA diarreia é um grave problema em potros até seis meses de vida, acarretando em prejuízos na equideocultura. Sendo assim os objetivos desta pesquisa foram realizar o estudo clínico e a identificação dos principais enteropatógenos e fatores de virulência, responsáveis pela diarreia em potros. Foram avaliados 56 potros com diarreia (GD) e 60 sem diarreia (GC) até 90 dias de vida. Foram realizados hemogasometria e hemograma dos animais do GD. Amostras fecais dos potros do GD e GC foram utilizadas para a identificação dos enteropatógenos. As principais alterações clínicas nos animais GD foram aumento da peristalse e da frequência de defecação (100,0%) e desidratação (67,8%). A hiperfibrinogenemia (26,8%), leucocitose (12,5%), linfocitose (37,5%) e neutrofilia (17,8), acidose metabólica (16%) e diminuição de bicarbonato (16%) foram os principais achados hematológicos. Ao menos um dos enteropatógenos pesquisados foi detectado no GD (50/56) e GC (48/60). Em 32% (16/50) das amostras positivas foi identificado um único enteropatógeno, enquanto que dois ou mais enteropatógenos foram detectados em 68% (34/50) das amostras. E. coli apresentou a maior frequência nos isolamentos dos potros com diarreia (62,5%), seguida da Salmonella spp. (25%); Strongyloides (25%); estrongilídeos (10,7%); Clostridium perfringens (10,7%); Rhodococcus equi (7,1%); Cryptosporidium spp. (5,4%); Clostridium difficile (1,8%); coronavírus (1,8%); Giardia sp. (1,8%). Conclui-se que a identificação dos animais desidratados e com graves alterações hidroeletrolíticas, bem como a necessidade de se detectar os agentes etiológicos e seus fatores de virulência, são importantes para direcionar o médico veterinário a definir medidas de controle e terapêutica adequados
Diarrhea is a serious problem in foals up to six months old, resulting in losses in equine business. The aims of this research were to perform the clinical study and the identification of main pathogens and virulence factors responsible for diarrhea in foals. A total of 56 foals with diarrhea (DG) and and 60 without diarrhea (CG) up to 90 days old were evaluated. Fecal samples of a (DG) and 60 without diarrhea (GC) up to 90 days old were evaluated. Hemogram and hemogasometry were performed in the animals of DG. Fecal samples of DG and GC were used to identify the enteropathogens. The main clinical findings in animals of GD were increased peristalsis and defecation frequency (100,%) and dehydration (67.8%). Hyperfibrinogenemia (26.8%), leukocytosis (12.5%), lymphocytosis (37.5%) and neutrophilia (17.8%), metabolic acidosis (16%) and decreased bicarbonate (16%) were the main hematologic findings. At least one of the enteropathogens studied was detected in DG (50/56) and in CG (48/60). In 32% (16/50) of positive samples was identified a single enteropathogen, while two or more enteropathogens were detected in 68% (34/50) of samples. E. coli showed the highest frequency in the isolations of foals with diarrhea (62.5%), followed by Salmonella spp. (25%); Strongyloides (25%); Strongyles (10.7%); C. perfringens (10.7%), Rhodococcus equi (7.1%); Cryptosporidium spp. (5.4%); C. difficile (1.8%), coronavirus (1.8), Giardia sp. (1.8%). In conclusion the identification of dehydrated animals and animals with severe electrolyte alterations as well as the need to detect the etiologic agents and their virulence factors are important to conduct the veterinarian to define control measures and appropriate therapy
Olivo, Giovane. "Estudo clínico e etiológico da diarréia em potros /". Botucatu, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/108569.
Texto completo da fonteBanca: Marcio Garcia Ribeiro
Banca: Carla Bargi Belli
Resumo: A diarreia é um grave problema em potros até seis meses de vida, acarretando em prejuízos na equideocultura. Sendo assim os objetivos desta pesquisa foram realizar o estudo clínico e a identificação dos principais enteropatógenos e fatores de virulência, responsáveis pela diarreia em potros. Foram avaliados 56 potros com diarreia (GD) e 60 sem diarreia (GC) até 90 dias de vida. Foram realizados hemogasometria e hemograma dos animais do GD. Amostras fecais dos potros do GD e GC foram utilizadas para a identificação dos enteropatógenos. As principais alterações clínicas nos animais GD foram aumento da peristalse e da frequência de defecação (100,0%) e desidratação (67,8%). A hiperfibrinogenemia (26,8%), leucocitose (12,5%), linfocitose (37,5%) e neutrofilia (17,8), acidose metabólica (16%) e diminuição de bicarbonato (16%) foram os principais achados hematológicos. Ao menos um dos enteropatógenos pesquisados foi detectado no GD (50/56) e GC (48/60). Em 32% (16/50) das amostras positivas foi identificado um único enteropatógeno, enquanto que dois ou mais enteropatógenos foram detectados em 68% (34/50) das amostras. E. coli apresentou a maior frequência nos isolamentos dos potros com diarreia (62,5%), seguida da Salmonella spp. (25%); Strongyloides (25%); estrongilídeos (10,7%); Clostridium perfringens (10,7%); Rhodococcus equi (7,1%); Cryptosporidium spp. (5,4%); Clostridium difficile (1,8%); coronavírus (1,8%); Giardia sp. (1,8%). Conclui-se que a identificação dos animais desidratados e com graves alterações hidroeletrolíticas, bem como a necessidade de se detectar os agentes etiológicos e seus fatores de virulência, são importantes para direcionar o médico veterinário a definir medidas de controle e terapêutica adequados
Abstract: Diarrhea is a serious problem in foals up to six months old, resulting in losses in equine business. The aims of this research were to perform the clinical study and the identification of main pathogens and virulence factors responsible for diarrhea in foals. A total of 56 foals with diarrhea (DG) and and 60 without diarrhea (CG) up to 90 days old were evaluated. Fecal samples of a (DG) and 60 without diarrhea (GC) up to 90 days old were evaluated. Hemogram and hemogasometry were performed in the animals of DG. Fecal samples of DG and GC were used to identify the enteropathogens. The main clinical findings in animals of GD were increased peristalsis and defecation frequency (100,%) and dehydration (67.8%). Hyperfibrinogenemia (26.8%), leukocytosis (12.5%), lymphocytosis (37.5%) and neutrophilia (17.8%), metabolic acidosis (16%) and decreased bicarbonate (16%) were the main hematologic findings. At least one of the enteropathogens studied was detected in DG (50/56) and in CG (48/60). In 32% (16/50) of positive samples was identified a single enteropathogen, while two or more enteropathogens were detected in 68% (34/50) of samples. E. coli showed the highest frequency in the isolations of foals with diarrhea (62.5%), followed by Salmonella spp. (25%); Strongyloides (25%); Strongyles (10.7%); C. perfringens (10.7%), Rhodococcus equi (7.1%); Cryptosporidium spp. (5.4%); C. difficile (1.8%), coronavirus (1.8), Giardia sp. (1.8%). In conclusion the identification of dehydrated animals and animals with severe electrolyte alterations as well as the need to detect the etiologic agents and their virulence factors are important to conduct the veterinarian to define control measures and appropriate therapy
Mestre
Lucas, Thays Mizuki. "Ocorrência e investigação de fatores de virulência em enteropatógenos de origem bacteriana em potros até três meses de idade, com e sem diarréia, criados no interior do Estado de São Paulo /". Botucatu, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94599.
Texto completo da fonteBanca: Antonio Carlos Paes
Banca: Lisiane de Almeida Martins
Resumo: A diarreia é causa comum de morbimortalidade em potros neonatos. Os principais agentes causais de origem bacteriana na enterite em potros são: Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Clostridium difficile, Clostridium perfringens e Rhodococcus equi. Foram colhidas 80 amostras de fezes de potros com diarreia e 26 sem diarreia, perfazendo 106 animais com idade até três meses de idade, de diferentes raças, provenientes de propriedades do interior do estado de São Paulo. Foi investigado fatores de virulência de Escherichia coli, caracterização dos sorotipos de Salmonella spp., detecção de toxinas de Clostridium difficille e Clostridium perfringens, e perfil de sensibilidade microbiana das linhagens de E. coli e Salmonella spp. Foram isoladas 64 (60,3%) estirpes de Escherichia coli, o gene fimH em 34 (53,9%) linhagens, o gene ag43 em 33 (52,3%) estirpes e o gene papC em seis (9,5%) isolados. Foram isoladas 17 (16,0%) linhagens do gênero Salmonella. Foram identificadas 20 linhagens de Clostridium perfringens,17 positivos para toxina A e três a toxina A beta 2. Duas amostras de fezes foi isolado Clostridium difficile, produtores das toxinas A/B. Infere-se no presente estudo a complexidade etiológica na enterite de potros até três meses de idade, a baixa relação dos fatores de virulência de E. coli pesquisados com linhagens isoladas de animais com diarreia, a relevância em saúde pública dos sorotipos de Salmonella spp. identificados nos potros, o predomínio da toxina A nos isolados de C. perfringens e C. difficile, e a necessidade da adoção de tratamento das enterites com respaldo dos testes de sensibilidade microbiana
Abstract: Diarrhea is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in neonatal foals. The main causative agents of bacterial of enteritis in foals are: Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Clostridium difficile, Clostridium perfringens and Rhodococcus equi. Were collected 80 stool samples from foals with diarrhea and 26 without diarrhea, totaling 106 animals, aged three months old, different races and from properties in the state of São Paulo. Were investigated virulence factors from E. coli, characterization of the serotypes of Salmonella spp., detection of toxins of Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium difficille, and antimicrobial susceptibility to E. coli and Salmonella spp. strains. Were isolated 64 (60.3%) E. coli strains, the detection of the fimH gene in 34 (53.9%) strains, the gene ag43 in 33 (52.3%) strains and gene papC in six (9 , 5%) isolated. We isolated 17 (16.0%) strains of Salmonella. Were identified 20 strains of Clostridium perfringens, 17 detected the toxin A and three the toxin A beta 2. Two stool specimens was isolated Clostridium difficile toxin producer A / B. It is inferred in the present study the complexity enteritis in foals up to three months, the low ratio of virulence factors of E. coli strains isolated from animals with diarrhea, the public health relevance of the serotypes of Salmonella spp. identified in foals, the prevalence of toxin A in isolates of C. perfringens and C. difficile, and the need to adopt the treatment of bacterial enteritis in foals with the backing of microbial sensitivity tests
Mestre
Grecco, Henrique Augusto Travaini [UNESP]. "Acidificantes em dietas de leitões desmamados:desempenho , peso de orgãos, ph, morfometria e microbiota intestinal". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/108756.
Texto completo da fonteDois experimentos (E) foram realizados com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos do ácido fumárico e de uma mistura de acidificantes a base de formiato de cálcio, lactato de cálcio e ácidos graxos de cadeia média (cáprico e caprílico) nas dietas de leitões, sobre o desempenho e frequência de diarreia (E 1), peso relativo de órgãos, pH, morfometria e microbiota intestinal (E 2). Foram utilizados 192 (E 1) e 24 (E 2) leitões, desmamados com idade média de 21 dias, distribuídos num delineamento experimental de blocos completamente ao acaso com arranjo fatorial 2x2 (ausência e presença de ácido fumárico x ausência e presença da mistura de acidificantes) dos tratamentos, seis repetições de oito e de um animal por parcela, respectivamente, para o E 1 e E 2. No E 1, com duração de 41 dias, os tratamentos foram: Controle: sem produto acidificante + 40ppm de colistina; AF: Presença de ácido fumárico e ausência da mistura de acidificantes; MA: Presença da mistura de acidificante e ausência do ácido fumárico e AF+MA: Presença do ácido fumárico e da mistura de acidificantes. No E 2, com duração de 14 dias, foi utilizada a dieta Pré Inicial I e avaliados os mesmos tratamentos do E 1. Não houve efeito dos tratamentos (P>0,05) no desempenho, incidência de diarreia, pH gastrintestinal e morfometria do duodeno dos leitões, porem, a adição da mistura de acidificantes reduziu (P<0,05) o peso relativo do intestino grosso e a adição do ácido fumárico aumentou o peso relativo do pâncreas e reduziu (P<0,05) a altura de vilosidade do jejuno e a contagem de coliformes totais e Escherichia coli no ceco. A inclusão de ácido fumárico e da mistura de acidificantes nas dietas de leitões desmamados contendo antibiótico melhorador de desempenho não se justifica, contudo, o ácido fumárico exerce ação inibitória sobre a população de coliformes totais e de Escherichia coli
Two experiments (E) were conducted to evaluate the effects of fumaric acid and an organic acid blend compound of calcium formate, calcium lactate and medium chain fatty acids (capric and caprylic) in piglets diets on performance and frequency of diarrhea (E 1), relative organ weight, pH, morphometry and intestinal microbiota (E 2). One hundred and ninety two (E 1) and twenty four (E 2) piglets weaned at 21 days, distributed in a randomized block design with a 2x2 factorial arrangement of treatments (absence x presence of fumaric acid and absence x presence of acidifying product), six replications of eight and one pig per pen were used, respectively, for E 1 and E 2. In E 1, lasting 41 days, the treatments were: Control – No acidifying + 40 ppm of colistin sulfate; AF – Presence of fumaric acid and absence of acidifying product; MA – Presence of acidifying product and absence of fumaric acid and AF+MA: presence of fumaric acid and acidifying product. In E 2, lasting 14 days, Pré-Starter I diet was used and assessed the same treatments of E 1. There were no treatment effects (P>.05) in performance, incidence of diarrhea, gastrointestinal pH and morphometry of the duodenum of piglets, however, the addition of organic acid blend reduced (P<.05) the relative weight of the large intestine and the addition of fumaric acid increased the relative weight of the pancreas and decreased (P<.05) the villus height of jejunum and number of total coliforms and Escherichia coli in the cecum. The inclusion of fumaric acid and the organic acid blend in the diets of weaned piglets containing antibiotic is not justified, however, fumaric acid exerts an inhibitory effect on the population of coliforms and Escherichia coli
Grecco, Henrique Augusto Travaini 1987. "Acidificantes em dietas de leitões desmamados:desempenho , peso de orgãos, ph, morfometria e microbiota intestinal /". Botucatu, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/108756.
Texto completo da fonteCoorientador: Alessandro Borges Amorim
Banca: Marcos Livio Panhoza Tse
Banca: Urbano dos Santos Ruiz
Resumo: Dois experimentos (E) foram realizados com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos do ácido fumárico e de uma mistura de acidificantes a base de formiato de cálcio, lactato de cálcio e ácidos graxos de cadeia média (cáprico e caprílico) nas dietas de leitões, sobre o desempenho e frequência de diarreia (E 1), peso relativo de órgãos, pH, morfometria e microbiota intestinal (E 2). Foram utilizados 192 (E 1) e 24 (E 2) leitões, desmamados com idade média de 21 dias, distribuídos num delineamento experimental de blocos completamente ao acaso com arranjo fatorial 2x2 (ausência e presença de ácido fumárico x ausência e presença da mistura de acidificantes) dos tratamentos, seis repetições de oito e de um animal por parcela, respectivamente, para o E 1 e E 2. No E 1, com duração de 41 dias, os tratamentos foram: Controle: sem produto acidificante + 40ppm de colistina; AF: Presença de ácido fumárico e ausência da mistura de acidificantes; MA: Presença da mistura de acidificante e ausência do ácido fumárico e AF+MA: Presença do ácido fumárico e da mistura de acidificantes. No E 2, com duração de 14 dias, foi utilizada a dieta Pré Inicial I e avaliados os mesmos tratamentos do E 1. Não houve efeito dos tratamentos (P>0,05) no desempenho, incidência de diarreia, pH gastrintestinal e morfometria do duodeno dos leitões, porem, a adição da mistura de acidificantes reduziu (P<0,05) o peso relativo do intestino grosso e a adição do ácido fumárico aumentou o peso relativo do pâncreas e reduziu (P<0,05) a altura de vilosidade do jejuno e a contagem de coliformes totais e Escherichia coli no ceco. A inclusão de ácido fumárico e da mistura de acidificantes nas dietas de leitões desmamados contendo antibiótico melhorador de desempenho não se justifica, contudo, o ácido fumárico exerce ação inibitória sobre a população de coliformes totais e de Escherichia coli
Abstract: Two experiments (E) were conducted to evaluate the effects of fumaric acid and an organic acid blend compound of calcium formate, calcium lactate and medium chain fatty acids (capric and caprylic) in piglets diets on performance and frequency of diarrhea (E 1), relative organ weight, pH, morphometry and intestinal microbiota (E 2). One hundred and ninety two (E 1) and twenty four (E 2) piglets weaned at 21 days, distributed in a randomized block design with a 2x2 factorial arrangement of treatments (absence x presence of fumaric acid and absence x presence of acidifying product), six replications of eight and one pig per pen were used, respectively, for E 1 and E 2. In E 1, lasting 41 days, the treatments were: Control - No acidifying + 40 ppm of colistin sulfate; AF - Presence of fumaric acid and absence of acidifying product; MA - Presence of acidifying product and absence of fumaric acid and AF+MA: presence of fumaric acid and acidifying product. In E 2, lasting 14 days, Pré-Starter I diet was used and assessed the same treatments of E 1. There were no treatment effects (P>.05) in performance, incidence of diarrhea, gastrointestinal pH and morphometry of the duodenum of piglets, however, the addition of organic acid blend reduced (P<.05) the relative weight of the large intestine and the addition of fumaric acid increased the relative weight of the pancreas and decreased (P<.05) the villus height of jejunum and number of total coliforms and Escherichia coli in the cecum. The inclusion of fumaric acid and the organic acid blend in the diets of weaned piglets containing antibiotic is not justified, however, fumaric acid exerts an inhibitory effect on the population of coliforms and Escherichia coli
Mestre
Snodgrass, David R. "Infectious diarrhoea in young animals". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329944.
Texto completo da fonteOliveira, Filho José Paes de [UNESP]. "Diarréia em bezerros da raça Nelore criados extensivamente: estudo clínico e etiológico". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89262.
Texto completo da fonteConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
A diarréia é considerada uma das principais causas de doença e mortalidade de bezerros neonatos. Foram colhidas 100 amostras fecais diarréicas e 30 amostras fecais não diarréicas, de bezerros da raça Nelore com até 60 dias de idade para a detecção dos enteropatógenos Salmonella sp., Escherichia coli, rotavírus, coronavírus, Cryptosporidium spp. e ovos de helmintos. O diagnóstico foi realizado respectivamente, pela semeadura em Ágar Salmonella Shigella, Ágar sangue ovino, MacConkey e aglutinação em látex para detecção das E. coliK99+, eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida, semi-nested PCR, Ziehl-Nielsen modificado e McMaster. Detectaram-se enteropatógenos em 79% das amostras diarréicas e 70% das amostras sem diarréia. No grupo com diarréia, a E. coli (69%) foi o agente mais isolado, seguido do Cryptosporidium spp. (30%), coronavírus (16%) e rotavírus (11%). No grupo controle, a E. coli, Cryptosporidium spp e o coronavírus foram detectados respectivamente em 66,66%, 10% e 3,33% das amostras. A Salmonella sp. e estrongilídeos não foram encontrados em nenhum dos grupos. A fímbria K99 só foi verificada nas cepas de E. coli isoladas de bezerros com diarréia (5.8%). Entre os antimicrobianos testados a enrofloxacina, norfloxacina e gentamicina foram os mais efetivos. Onfalopatias estavam presentes em 43% dos bezerros com diarréia e ausentes nos bezerros do grupo controle. O peso aos 210 dias de vida dos bezerros foi similar nos grupos com e sem diarréia.
Diarrhea is considered as one of the main causes of disease and mortality in newborn calves. Fecal samples from 100 diarrheic and 30 fecal samples from non-diarrheic Nelore calves less than 60 days old were collected to detect Salmonella sp, Escherichia coli, rotavirus, coronavirus, Cryptosporidium ssp. and helminthes eggs. The diagnostic techniques employed were, respectively, culture in agar Salmonella Shigella, ovine blood-agar, McConkey and latex agglutination test to detected E. coliK99+, polyacrylamide gel eletroforesis, semi-nested PCR, Ziehl-Nielsen and McMaster tets. Enteropathogens were detected in 79% diarrheic samples and 70% non diarrheic samples. Among diarrheic calves the Escherichia coli (69%) was the most common agent found, following the Cryptosporidium spp. (30%), coronavirus (16%) and rotavirus (11%). In the control group, E. coli, Cryptosporidium spp and coronavirus were detect in 66,66%, 10% and 3,33% of samples respectivelly. Salmonella sp. and strongylids weren t found on any groups. The K99 fimbrial only was detected only in E. coli strain isolated from diarrheic calves (5,8%). Among the antimicrobials tested, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin and gentamicin, were most effective. Umbilical diseases were detected in 43% of diarrheic calves and not detected in calves of control group. The weight at 210 days old calves was similar in diarrheic and non diarrheic calves.
Ramos, Katharina Rodrigues de Lima Porto. "Avaliação da atividade antidiarreica de Spondias porpurea L. (Anacardiaceae) em modelos animais". Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2013. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/2368.
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Diarrhea is often associated with excessive defecation caused by increased motility and secretion. Spondias purpurea L. belongs to the genus Spondias, used by the population as gastroprotecti ve, antidiarrheal and antimicrobial. The objecti ve of this work was to evaluate the antidiarrheal acti vity of crude ethanol extract and dichloromethane phase of S. purpurea L., in animal models. Were obtained from the ethanol extract (Sp-EtOHE) and phase dichloromethane (Sp-DCPM) of the leaves of S. purpurea. In determi ning phytochemical noted that Sp-EtOHE was approximately 6.70% of total flavonoids, polyphenols and 3.17%. Toxicological evaluation by the method of Artemia salina Leach, the samples showed values of 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of 2300.67 ± 196.66 mg / mL for Sp-EtOHE and 1106.17 ± 102.24 mg / mL for Sp-DCPM, indicating not present toxicity. In Test Toxicology Preclinical acute was administered 2000 mg / kg Sp-EtOHE was observed only irritability reversed in females after the 2nd hour, this being a given insufficient for inferri ng toxicity, also did not cause variations i n the height or i n the macroscopic structure bodies, water consumption, diet and biochemical and hematological parameters. Unable to determine the LD50, as there were no deaths at the end of the 14 days of observation. With respect to antimicrobial acti vity by microdilution, there was no activity Sp-EtOHE and Sp-DCPM concentrations tested against the tested microorganisms. In determini ng the gastrointestinal motility through the model of induced diarrhea i n rats castor oil, the inhibition was 33, 54 and 63% Sp-EtOHE and 63, 68 and 85% for Sp-DCPM, both at doses of 125 , 250 and 500 mg/kg (po). It was observed a decrease i n the number of liquid stools at 41, 67 and 25% for Sp-EtOHE and 48, 68 and 65 for Sp-DCPM. In relation to the total number of feces both Sp- EtOHE and Sp-DCPM as presented similar behavior. The CRP-ultrasensitive was quantified and reduced levels of acute inflammation. There was an increase in the concentrations of ionograms. The study confirmed that Sp-DCPM minimized the histological damage in the ileum. The model to assess changes in gastric emptying and i ntesti nal motility values Sp-EtOHE and Sp-DCPM not statistically significant . These results show that S. purpurea may be possible antidiarrheal as indicated by the traditional medicine that does not cause constipation not reach the intesti nal bacterial flora and anti-inflammatory acti vity.
A diarreia está associada à frequência excessiva de defecação, provocada pelo aumento da motilidade e secreção. Spondias purpurea L. pertence ao gênero Spondias, utilizado pela população como gastroprotetora, antidiarreica e antimicrobiana. Assim, o objeti vo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antidiarreica do extrato etanólico bruto e da fase diclorometano de S. purpurea L., em modelos animais. Foram obtidos o extrato etanólico (EEtOH-Sp) e a fase diclorometano (FaDCM-Sp) das folhas de S. purpurea. Na determi nação fitoquímica foi observado que o EEtOH-Sp apresentou aproximadamente 6.70% de flavonóides totais, e 3,17% de polifenóis. Na avaliação toxicológica, pelo método da Artemia salina Leach, as amostras apresentaram valores de Concentração Letal 50% (CL ) de 2300,67±196,66 µg/mL para o EEtOH-Sp e 1106,17±102,24 µg/mL para a FaDCM- Sp, indicando não apresentarem toxicidade. No Ensaio Toxicológico Pré-clínico Agudo, foi administrada 2000 mg/kg do EEtOH-Sp e foi observada apenas irritabilidade revertida nas fêmeas após a 2ª hora, sendo este um dado insufi ciente para inferir toxicidade, também não provocou variações no peso nem na estrutura macroscópica dos órgãos, no consumo de água, ração e nos parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos. Não foi possível determinar a DL , visto que não houve mortes, ao fi nal dos 14 dias de observação. Com relação à ati vidade 50 antimicrobiana pela técnica de microdiluição, não foi observada atividade de EEtOHSp e FaDCM-Sp nas concentrações testadas frente aos microorganismos testados. Na determi nação da motilidade gastri ntesti nal, através do modelo de diarreia induzida por óleo de rícino em ratos, a inibição foi de 33, 54 e 63% para EEtOH-Sp e 63, 68 e 85% para FaDCM-Sp, ambos nas doses de 125, 250 e 500 mg/kg (v.o.). Foi observada uma diminuição do número de fezes líquidas em 41, 67 e 25% para EEtOH-Sp e 48, 68 e 65% para FaDCM-Sp. Em relação ao número total de fezes tanto o EEtOH-Sp quanto a FaDCM-Sp apresentaram comportamento semelhante. A PCR-ultrassensível foi quantificada e reduziu os níveis de inflamação aguda. Houve um aumento nas concentrações dos ionogramas. O estudo histopatológico confirmou que FaDCM-Sp minimizou o dano histológico no íleo. No modelo para avaliar alterações no esvaziamento gástrico e na motilidade intestinal, os valores do EEtOH-Sp e FaDCM-Sp não apresentaram significância estatística. Estes resultados mostram que S. purpurea pode ser um possível antidiarreico, como indicado pela medicina tradicional, que não causa constipação, não atinge a flora bacteriana intestinal e com atividade anti-inflamatória.
Oliveira, Filho José Paes de. "Diarréia em bezerros da raça Nelore criados extensivamente : estudo clínico e etiológico /". Botucatu : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89262.
Texto completo da fonteBanca: Francisco Armando de Azevedo Souza
Banca: Júlio Augusto Naylor Lisboa
Resumo: A diarréia é considerada uma das principais causas de doença e mortalidade de bezerros neonatos. Foram colhidas 100 amostras fecais diarréicas e 30 amostras fecais não diarréicas, de bezerros da raça Nelore com até 60 dias de idade para a detecção dos enteropatógenos Salmonella sp., Escherichia coli, rotavírus, coronavírus, Cryptosporidium spp. e ovos de helmintos. O diagnóstico foi realizado respectivamente, pela semeadura em Ágar Salmonella Shigella, Ágar sangue ovino, MacConkey e aglutinação em látex para detecção das E. coliK99+, eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida, semi-nested PCR, Ziehl-Nielsen modificado e McMaster. Detectaram-se enteropatógenos em 79% das amostras diarréicas e 70% das amostras sem diarréia. No grupo com diarréia, a E. coli (69%) foi o agente mais isolado, seguido do Cryptosporidium spp. (30%), coronavírus (16%) e rotavírus (11%). No grupo controle, a E. coli, Cryptosporidium spp e o coronavírus foram detectados respectivamente em 66,66%, 10% e 3,33% das amostras. A Salmonella sp. e estrongilídeos não foram encontrados em nenhum dos grupos. A fímbria K99 só foi verificada nas cepas de E. coli isoladas de bezerros com diarréia (5.8%). Entre os antimicrobianos testados a enrofloxacina, norfloxacina e gentamicina foram os mais efetivos. Onfalopatias estavam presentes em 43% dos bezerros com diarréia e ausentes nos bezerros do grupo controle. O peso aos 210 dias de vida dos bezerros foi similar nos grupos com e sem diarréia.
Abstract: Diarrhea is considered as one of the main causes of disease and mortality in newborn calves. Fecal samples from 100 diarrheic and 30 fecal samples from non-diarrheic Nelore calves less than 60 days old were collected to detect Salmonella sp, Escherichia coli, rotavirus, coronavirus, Cryptosporidium ssp. and helminthes eggs. The diagnostic techniques employed were, respectively, culture in agar Salmonella Shigella, ovine blood-agar, McConkey and latex agglutination test to detected E. coliK99+, polyacrylamide gel eletroforesis, semi-nested PCR, Ziehl-Nielsen and McMaster tets. Enteropathogens were detected in 79% diarrheic samples and 70% non diarrheic samples. Among diarrheic calves the Escherichia coli (69%) was the most common agent found, following the Cryptosporidium spp. (30%), coronavirus (16%) and rotavirus (11%). In the control group, E. coli, Cryptosporidium spp and coronavirus were detect in 66,66%, 10% and 3,33% of samples respectivelly. Salmonella sp. and strongylids werent found on any groups. The K99 fimbrial only was detected only in E. coli strain isolated from diarrheic calves (5,8%). Among the antimicrobials tested, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin and gentamicin, were most effective. Umbilical diseases were detected in 43% of diarrheic calves and not detected in calves of control group. The weight at 210 days old calves was similar in diarrheic and non diarrheic calves.
Mestre
Galletti, Elena <1977>. "Virus della diarrea virale bovina: variabilità genetica e aspetti immunologici". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/649/.
Texto completo da fonteJacobson, Caroline. "Scouring and dag in sheep in Western Australia : the role of parasitic nematodes and nutritional factors in diarrhoea in sheep of post-weaning age /". Jacobson, Caroline (2006) Scouring and dag in sheep in Western Australia: the role of parasitic nematodes and nutritional factors in diarrhoea in sheep of post-weaning age. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2006. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/700/.
Texto completo da fonteBraz, Débora Barbosa. "Acidificantes como alternativas aos antimicrobianos melhoradores do desempenho de leitões na fase de creche". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-14052008-113209/.
Texto completo da fonteThe purpose of this work was to evaluate several acidifier blends as alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters of weanling pigs. A 34-d randomized complete block design experiment was carried out to compare five treatments. For 1-14 d experimental period, the treatments were: Am (antimicrobial) - pre-starter diet with 0.004% of colistin sulfate (40 ppm); A1 (acidifier 1) - pre-starter diet with 0.5% of blend 1 (containing formic acid, 145,000 ppm; phosphoric acid, 85,000 ppm); A2 (acidifier 2) - pre-starter diet with 0.15% of blend 2 (butyric acid, 64,000 ppm) and 0.4% of blend 3 (lactic acid, 620,000 ppm; formic acid, 40,000 ppm); A3 (acidifier 3) - pre-starter diet with 0.8% of blend 4 (propionic acid, 198,000 ppm; acetic acid, 196,000 ppm; formic acid, 196,000 ppm; phosphoric acid, 21,000 ppm; citric acid, 8,500 ppm); and A4 (acidifier 4) - pre-starter diet with 0.6% of blend 4 and 0.15% of blend 5 (benzoic acid, 590,000 ppm; formic acid, 70,000 ppm; phosphoric acid, 50,000 ppm; citric acid, 40,000 ppm). For 14-34 d experimental period, the treatments were: Am - starter diet with 0.004% of colistin sulfate; A1 - starter diet with 0.3% of blend 1; A2 - starter diet with 0.1% of blend 2 and 0.3% of blend 3; A3 - starter diet with 0.6% of blend 4; and A4 - starter diet with 0.5% of blend 4 and 0.1% of blend 5. One hundred and sixty Topigs 24-d-weaned pigs, with 6.69±1.82 kg live weight were allotted to 20 suspended pens, with four pigs (two castrated male and two female) per pen (experimental unit). For performance and diarrhea incidence data, 8 replications per treatment were used. On 34th day of experimental period, an animal of each pen of first 4 blocks was slaughtered for small intestine morphology, stomach and caecum pH and organs morphometry. For 1-14 d experimental period, treatment A2 (combination of blends 2 and 3) gave better body weight at 14th day (BW14) (P=.03) and average daily gain (ADG) (P=.04) than treatment A3 (blend 4), and better feed conversion (FC) (P=.004) than treatment Am (antimicrobial). For total experimental period (1-34 d), treatment A4 (blends 4 and 5) gave better FC (P=.0006) than treatment Am (antimicrobial). Treatments did not affect (P>.05) diarrhea frequency and stomach pH. Treatment A4 (blends 4 and 5) gave lower pH value (P=.015) than treatment Am and smaller relative pancreas weight (P=.013) than treatments Am and A2. For intestinal morphology, treatment A2 provided smaller (P=.003) jejunum crypt depth (CD) than treatments A3 and Am, and bigger (P=.04) ratio of jejunum villus height:crypt depth than treatments A1 and A3. Economical analysis showed, for 1-14 d experimental period, that the acidifiers provided cost per kg of ADG at least 4.09% lower than antimicrobial (Am). For 1-34 d experimental period, treatments A1 and A4 showed cost per kg of ADG until 1.08% lower than Am. Therefore, this study showed that blends of organic and inorganic acids and their salts can be viable alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters of weanling pigs.
Deikun, Larissa Loryn. "The Health and Growth of Veal Calves Provided a Fatty Acid Supplement and a Dry Teat". The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1563380406594548.
Texto completo da fonteMello, Gabriela de [UNESP]. "Fontes orgânicas de microminerais nas rações de leitões desmamados". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96655.
Texto completo da fonteFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Utilizaram-se 126 leitões de genética comercial, desmamados com idade média de 21 dias (6,11 kg ± 0,42). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com seis tratamentos (Rações com 100% de inclusão de premix de microminerais inorgânico (PMI)- 3,00 kg/T; rações com 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% ou 100% de inclusão de premix de microminerais em forma orgânica (PMO), equivalente a 0; 0,75; 1,50; 2,25 ou 3,00 kg/T, respectivamente) sete repetições e três animais por parcela. No período experimental total (21 aos 63 dias de idade), os níveis crescentes do PMO nas rações determinaram efeito quadrático no ganho de peso diário (GPD), conversão alimentar (CA), porcentagem de Hematócrito (Ht), Hemoglobina (Hb), Hemoglobina corpuscular média (HCM), Volume corpuscular médio (VCM), e Plaquetas (Pq). Comparando-se as médias do tratamento com PMI com cada um dos demais, observou-se que os leitões alimentados com rações sem premix de microminerais apresentaram menores valores de GPD, Ht, Hb, HCM, VCM e Pq, e pior CA, enquanto aqueles que receberam rações com 25% de PMO tiveram menores valores para Ht e Hb, comparado com aqueles que receberam 100% de SMI. O PMO estudado pode substituir as fontes inorgânicas das rações de leitões, com níveis de suplementação 50% inferior, sem prejuízo no desempenho e com menores custos em ração/kg de ganho de peso e sem alterar os parâmetros hematológicos
One hundred and twenty-six weaned piglets with 21 days of age (6.11 kg ± 0,42) were used. A completely randomized block design was used, with six treatments (Diets with 100% inclusion of inorganic microminerals premix (IMP) – 3.00 kg/T; diets with 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% or 100% of inclusion of organic microminerals premix (OMP), equivalent to 0; 0.75; 1.50; 2.25 or 3.00 kg/T, respectively), seven replicates and three animals per plot. In the total experimental period (21 to 63 days old), increasing OMP in diets led to a quadratic effect on the daily weight gain (DWG), feed conversion (FC), Hematocrit percentage (Ht), Hemoglobin (Hb), Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and Platelets (Pq). Comparing IMS means with those of the other treatments, the animals fed diets with no microminerals premix showed lower DWG, Ht, Hb, MCH and Pq, and lower FC. Those receiving diets with 25% of OMP had lower Ht and Hb compared with those who received 100% of IMP. Considering the nursery phase, OMP can replace inorganic sources in piglets diets with 35% less supplementation resulting in ununpaired performance and low cost of feed/kg of weight gain and no changes in hematological parameters
RÊGO, Marlos José Portela. "Análise epidemiológica da infecção pelo vírus da diarreia viral bovina em rebanhos da agricultura familiar na microrregião do Brejo Pernambucano". Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2014. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6827.
Texto completo da fonteMade available in DSpace on 2017-05-03T14:14:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marlos Jose Portela Rego.pdf: 1389612 bytes, checksum: a726940cfd20297f56b38c5cfbcfa319 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-10
The aim of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence of infection by the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) on family farms, as well as to study the risk factors associated with the infection. In total, 319 blood serum samples were collected from cattle (of reproductive age) in 24 herds from 11 cities of the Brejo microregion in Pernambuco. The samples were subjected to the seroneutralization test to detect anti-BVDV antibodies. In order to identify the risk factors associated with the BVDV, a questionnaire was applied, with objective questions about the hygienic-sanitary management system used on the farms, followed by statistical analysis of logistic regression, with the serological test considered as the dependent variable (reagent or non-reactive). A prevalence of 51.1% (163/319; C.I. 45.5% - 56.7%) was found in the present study. Of the 24 properties sampled, 100.0% contained at least one reagent animal. The prevalence in the districts ranged from 23.1% to 70.0%. The following risk factors were identified in the present study: not providing colostrum (OR 3.85; p=0.018); disease unknown (OR 2.54; p=0.001) and consortium breeding (OR 1.76; p=0.013). Based on these results, it was clear that BVDV infection is widespread in herds on family farms in the microregion studied herein. Health education policies must be implemented for producers and professionals who provide technical assistance. In addition, based on the risk factors identified in the present study, hygiene-sanitary measures should be implemented in order to reduce the prevalence of the BVDV.
Objetivou-se com este estudo determinar a soroprevalência e estudar os fatores de risco associados à infecção pelo vírus da diarreia viral bovina (BVDV) nas unidades produtivas de agricultura familiar, na região do Brejo Pernambucano. Foram coletadas 319 amostras de soro sanguíneo, procedentes de 24 rebanhos bovinos em 11 municípios da microrregião. As amostras foram submetidas ao teste de soroneutralização para detecção de anticorpos anti-BVD. Para a identificação dos fatores de risco associados à BVDV, foi aplicado um questionário com perguntas objetivas sobre o manejo higiênico-sanitário e realizada uma análise estatística de regressão logística, considerando-se como variável dependente o exame sorológico (reagente ou não reagente). Observou-se com este estudo uma prevalência de 51,1% (163/319; I.C. 45,5% - 56,7%). Das 24 propriedades amostradas, 100% apresentaram pelo menos um animal reagente. A prevalência nos municípios variou de 23,1% a 70,0%. Os fatores de risco identificados neste estudo foram: não fornecer colostro (OR 3,85; p=0,018), não conhecer a enfermidade (OR 2,54; p=0,001) e criação consorciada (OR 1,76; p=0,013). Diante dos resultados obtidos, constatou-se que a infecção pelo BVDV está disseminada nos rebanhos da agricultura familiar na microrregião estudada e que políticas de educação em saúde devem ser implementadas tanto para os produtores como para os profissionais que prestam assistência técnica. Além disso, medidas higiênico-sanitárias, com base nos fatores de risco identificados neste estudo, devem ser implementadas como forma de reduzir a prevalência da BVD.
Nickell, Jason S. "Management of bovine viral diarrhea virus in beef herds". Diss., Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4241.
Texto completo da fonteDepartment of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology
Robert L. Larson
Bradley J. White
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an endemic pathogen in the U.S. cow herd. The virus can cross the placental barrier and infect the unborn fetus. If infection occurs between 45 – 125 days of gestation, persistent infection (PI) in the unborn fetus is likely. Upon parturition, the PI calf is a lifelong shedder of BVDV significantly elevating the risk of viral exposure to non-PI cattle. Despite reports of significant production loss, many BVDV infections are subclinical and in some cases inconsequential. Our data has highlighted various factors potentially causing disparity in clinical outcomes following BVDV exposure including: variation of BVDV serum concentration among PI cattle which may influence the quantity of virus shed into the environment, preexisting BVDV immune (i.e. antibody) status among non-PI cattle, and the degree of stress experienced by non-PI cattle all may influence the susceptibility of disease. Additionally, cattle transiently infected (TI) with BVDV may temporarily shed BVDV thereby offering another source of exposure to non-PI cattle. Programs focusing on BVDV control and prevention consist of diagnostic tests to identify PI cattle, BVDV vaccines to reduce fetal infection and increase herd immunity, and biosecurity programs intended to prevent BVDV exposure to the resident herd. Survey work performed in Montana suggest that educating beef producers with regard to BVDV has significantly increased the implementation of these tools in order to reduce the risk of introducing BVDV to their resident herd. Despite the risk of production loss, the economic benefit of instituting whole-herd BVDV tests may vary due to herd prevalence. By utilizing Monte Carlo simulation, the current BVDV herd prevalence within the U.S. does not economically justify a nationwide BVDV eradication campaign. However, known BVDV positive herds and herds with an elevated likelihood (47%) of being BVDV positive displayed a positive economic outcome when whole-herd BVDV testing strategies were implemented across herd sizes of 50, 100, and 500 cows. The value of testing various testing modalities was dependent upon herd prevalence and herd size. These data suggest that veterinarians must critically evaluate the value of implementing whole herd testing protocols in U.S. beef herds.
Rosa, Daniele Pozzebon da. "Avaliação da eficácia de ovos hiperimunizados (igY) no controle de diarreia pós-desmame em leitões". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/104837.
Texto completo da fonteThe change in the piglets’ feeding, at weaning, is associated with a stress and fasting period that results in depletion of the gastrointestinal tract impairing the absorption of nutrients and also giving opportunity to the multiplication of pathogenic bacteria causing diarrhea. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a major cause of diarrhoea in piglets after weaning and brings great economic losses in the nursery phase. With the gradual restriction of the use of antibiotics by the market, it is necessary to search for food additives that provide protection to piglets and avoid performance drops. Passive immunization through the use of egg yolks of hyperimmunized chickens (IgY) is an attractive alternative to antibiotics.The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effect of a commercial product based on egg-yolk from hens hyperimmunized (GLOBIGEN® Jump Star) to control diarrhoea caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4 and F18 in weaned pigs. The animals were challenged with both 1010 CFU/piglet E. coli F4 and F18 and heat cycles for three consecutive days from the first day of the experiment. Thirty-two 22-d-old weaned piglets were divided into groups. Group I as a negative control was unchallenged and received colistin as growth promoter, zinc oxide and copper sulfate. The other three groups were challenged with ETEC were fed a diet with 0.2% GLOBIGEN ® (Group II), including 4% DPP (Group III) and a positive control (Group VI). For 24d evaluated the performance, score and faecal dry matter for 10 consecutive days from second day of the challenged. Fecal samples were also collected during the first eight days of the experiment, later in the 15th and 24th days to determine to determine the number of CFU of ETEC in excreted faeces by the technique of quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and detecting the presence of fimbriae F4 and F18 and enterotoxin STa, STb and LT by PCR multiplex., Group II provided higher body weight and weight gain (p<0.05) compared with the Group IV, Group I did not differ (p>0.05) and feed efficiency higher than Group III (p<0.05). The use of GLOBIGEN® results soft feces (score ≤ 1) recovering in less time than animals of Groups III and IV (p<0.05) and excretion of F18 and F4 (p<0.05) was lower compared with the Group IV. The presence of toxins was lower in Group II, probably related to excretion reduced of fimbriae. The F18/STa/STb and F4/LT association was observed. The results of the study suggest that GLOBIGEN® acts effectively in control of diarrhoea and can be an alternative to the use of antimicrobials in weanling piglets.
Monteiro, Sandra Maria Nunes. "Efficacy of glutamine, peptides and vitamins A and E supplementation on diarrheal disease induced by methotrexate and cholera toxin: improvement of intestinal barrier function". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2004. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=596.
Texto completo da fonteA desnutriÃÃo, desidrataÃÃo e agentes antineoplÃsicos, tais como o metotrexato (MTX), sÃo imediatos causadores das doenÃas diarrÃicas. Objetivando investigar a mucosite intestinal (MI) induzida por MTX, a eficÃcia das soluÃÃes de reidrataÃÃo oral (SRO) acrescidas com glutamina (Gln), alanilglutamina (Ala-Gln), Hyprol 4107 (HYP) e hyfoama (HYFO) utilizou-se a perfusÃo intestinal. E para a suplementaÃÃo com vitaminas A (VITA) e E (VITE), Gln e peptÃdeos, utilizou-se as avaliaÃÃes morfomÃtricas, metabÃlicas e a de permeabilidade intestinal [(teste lactulose/manitol (L/M)], em camundongos (n=344) e em coelhos (n=72). A mucosite intestinal por MTX (2,75 mg/kg/24h s.c., durante 3 dias) foi validada em camundongos, atravÃs da constataÃÃo do quadro diarrÃico e do prejuÃzo no estado nutricional (-1.89Â0,52 g) estabelecido apÃs o 3o dia de tratamento. A anÃlise morfomÃtrica demonstrou achatamento de vilos (364,8Â19.9 mm) e hiperplasia de criptas (251Â19.2 mm) intestinais com aumento do nÃmero de apoptoses (7.48Â1, 23/cripta), no duodeno e no jejuno. A taxa L/M no grupo MTX foi maior c que no controle (0,35). A perfusÃo intestinal com toxina da cÃlera aumentou a secreÃÃo de Na+ (-12,8Â1.4 mEq/g/min), Cl- (-12,9Â4,6 mEq/g/min) e de Ãgua (-0,02 Â0,04 ml/g/min). As SRO acrescidas de Gln e peptÃdeos, restauram este efeito secretÃrio. A suplementaÃÃo de Gln e peptÃdeos, VITA e VITE, melhoram o ganho ponderal, a ingestÃo de raÃÃo, as alteraÃÃes morfolÃgicas e a apoptose, no modelo de mucosite intestinal. Nenhuma alteraÃÃo foi observada no padrÃo de mitoses nas criptas intestinais, apÃs o 3o dia de tratamento com MTX. A suplementaÃÃo nutricional reduziu na mucosite, a elevaÃÃo das taxas de L/M (0,35 para 0,73) nas vias paracelular e transcelular. Nossos resultados sugerem que, o restabelecimento da barreira morfofuncional, induzido pela suplementaÃÃo, foi obtido atravÃs de um aumento do transporte de cÃtions (Na+ e K+) na mucosa, do fornecimento de substrato energÃtico para o enterÃcito, inibiÃÃo da apoptose (0,25Â0,05), de cÃlulas indiferenciadas incremento no potencial redox e reduÃÃo da peroxidaÃÃo lipÃdica das cÃlulas intestinais diferenciadas. EntÃo sugerimos que o uso de SRO acrescidas de Gln e peptÃdeos podem prevenir a desnutriÃÃo e reduzir as doenÃas diarrÃicas, e a suplementaÃÃo com VITE e VITA melhorar a morfo fisiologia da barreira intestinal
A desnutriÃÃo, desidrataÃÃo e agentes antineoplÃsicos, tais como o metotrexato (MTX), sÃo imediatos causadores das doenÃas diarrÃicas. Objetivando investigar a mucosite intestinal (MI) induzida por MTX, a eficÃcia das soluÃÃes de reidrataÃÃo oral (SRO) acrescidas com glutamina (Gln), alanilglutamina (Ala-Gln), Hyprol 4107 (HYP) e hyfoama (HYFO) utilizou-se a perfusÃo intestinal. E para a suplementaÃÃo com vitaminas A (VITA) e E (VITE), Gln e peptÃdeos, utilizou-se as avaliaÃÃes morfomÃtricas, metabÃlicas e a de permeabilidade intestinal [(teste lactulose/manitol (L/M)], em camundongos (n=344) e em coelhos (n=72). A mucosite intestinal por MTX (2,75 mg/kg/24h s.c., durante 3 dias) foi validada em camundongos, atravÃs da constataÃÃo do quadro diarrÃico e do prejuÃzo no estado nutricional (-1.89Â 0,52 g) estabelecido apÃs o 3o dia de tratamento. A anÃlise morfomÃtrica demonstrou achatamento de vilos (364,8Â 19.9 Âm) e hiperplasia de criptas (251Â 19.2 Âm) intestinais com aumento do nÃmero de apoptoses (7.48Â 1, 23/cripta), no duodeno e no jejuno. A taxa L/M no grupo MTX foi maior c que no controle (0,35). A perfusÃo intestinal com toxina da cÃlera aumentou a secreÃÃo de Na+ (-12,8Â 1.4 ÂEq/g/min), Cl- (-12,9Â 4,6 ÂEq/g/min) e de Ãgua (-0,02 Â 0,04 ml/g/min). As SRO acrescidas de Gln e peptÃdeos, restauram este efeito secretÃrio. A suplementaÃÃo de Gln e peptÃdeos, VITA e VITE, melhoram o ganho ponderal, a ingestÃo de raÃÃo, as alteraÃÃes morfolÃgicas e a apoptose, no modelo de mucosite intestinal. Nenhuma alteraÃÃo foi observada no padrÃo de mitoses nas criptas intestinais, apÃs o 3o dia de tratamento com MTX. A suplementaÃÃo nutricional reduziu na mucosite, a elevaÃÃo das taxas de L/M (0,35 para 0,73) nas vias paracelular e transcelular. Nossos resultados sugerem que, o restabelecimento da barreira morfofuncional, induzido pela suplementaÃÃo, foi obtido atravÃs de um aumento do transporte de cÃtions (Na+ e K+) na mucosa, do fornecimento de substrato energÃtico para o enterÃcito, inibiÃÃo da apoptose (0,25Â 0,05), de cÃlulas indiferenciadas incremento no potencial redox e reduÃÃo da peroxidaÃÃo lipÃdica das cÃlulas intestinais diferenciadas. EntÃo sugerimos que o uso de SRO acrescidas de Gln e peptÃdeos podem prevenir a desnutriÃÃo e reduzir as doenÃas diarrÃicas, e a suplementaÃÃo com VITE e VITA melhorar a morfo fisiologia da barreira intestinal
Perina, Danilo do Prado. "Sorbitol na alimentação de leitões recém-desmamados". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-20022013-164340/.
Texto completo da fonteFeed additives have been recommended to overcome early weaning problems and to improve pig performance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate growth performance, frequency of diarrhea, apparent digestibility of nutrients, organs morphometry and economic feasibility of weanling pigs fed complex diets containing sorbitol. One hundred and twenty weanling pigs (6.22 ± 0.28 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design experiment with five treatments, eight replications (blocks) per treatment and three pigs per experimental unit (pen). The treatments were: basal diet with 120 ppm of chlorhydroxyquinoline or basal diet with 0, 1, 1.5 or 2% of sorbitol. The marker method was used in digestibility assay. At the end of experimental period, one animal per experimental unit was slaughtered to evaluate of organs morphometry. Overall, dietary added sorbitol up to 2.0% in weanling pig complex diet does not affect (P>0.05) growth performance, frequency of diarrhea, apparent digestibility of nutrients, organs morphometry and economic feasibility, while the antimicrobial agent chlorhydroxyquinoline depresses (P<0.05) growth performance and increases (P<0.01) the cost per kilogram of weight gain of weanling pig.
SOARES, Larice Bruna Ferreira. "Ocorrência da infecção pelo vírus da diarreia viral bovina (BVDV) e rinotraqueíte infecciosa bovina (IBR) em búfalos no estado de Pernambuco". Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2017. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6778.
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The objective of this study was to diagnose the epidemiological aspects of Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVDV) and Bovine Infectious Rhinotracheitis virus (IBR) in buffaloes in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. A total of 244 buffalo blood samples collected from the municipalities of Agrestina (n = 5), Água Preta (n = 50), Canhotinho (n = 21), Quipapá (n = 5), Ribeirão (113) And Rio Formoso (n = 50). The search for anti-BVDV and anti-BoHV-1 antibodies was performed by the virus neutralization (VN) technique. To analyze the association between the serological status for BoHV-1 infection and the aspects of hygienic-sanitary and reproductive management, an investigative questionnaire was applied with objective questions regarding the general characteristics of the property, productive, reproductive and sanitary management. An occurrence of 97.9% (239/244) of anti-BVDV antibodies and 56.1% (137/244) anti-BoHV-1 was observed. Co-infection was observed in 55.3% (135/244) of the animals. It was observed that 100.0% of the properties showed at least one animal positive for both infections. The distribution of antibodies to buffaloes by properties varied from 90.5% to 100.0% for BVDV and from 4.8% to 100.0% for BoHV-1. It was not possible to perform the association analysis for BVDV infection; however, for the BoHV-1 infection, the variables that presented a significant association were: extensive breeding system (P <0.001); Open herd (P = 0.029); Absence of reproductive rest (P = 0.029); Natural mating in females with reproductive problems (P <0.001); Type of exploration (P = 0.0014); Presence of wild animals (P <0.001) and absence of cleaning of the facilities (P = 0.008). It is concluded that Bovine Viral Diarrhea and Bovine Infectious Rhinotracheitis virus infections occur in buffaloes in the state of Pernambuco. Thus, it is suggested that prophylaxis measures such as routine diagnosis, animal reproductive control, and strict hygienic-sanitary care should be implemented in the properties in order to reduce the reproductive losses caused by these infections.
Objetivou-se com este estudo diagnosticar os aspectos epidemiológicos da infecção pelo vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina (BVDV) e Rinotraqueíte Infecciosa Bovina (IBR) em bubalinos no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Foram coletas de 244 amostras sanguíneas de búfalos procedentes dos municípios de Agrestina (n=5), Água Preta (n=50), Canhotinho (n=21), Quipapá (n=5), Ribeirão (n=113) e Rio Formoso (n=50). A pesquisa de anticorpos anti-BVDV e anti-BoHV-1 foi realizada pela técnica de virusneutralização (VN). Para análise de associação entre o status sorológico para infecção pelo BoHV-1 e os aspectos de manejo higiênico-sanitário e reprodutivo aplicou-se um questionário investigativo com perguntas objetivas, referentes às características gerais da propriedade, manejo produtivo, reprodutivo e sanitário. Observou-se uma ocorrência de 97,9% (239/244) de anticorpos anti-BVDV e 56,1% (137/244) anti-BoHV-1. Constatou-se co-infecção em 55,3% (135/244) dos animais. Observou-se que 100,0% das propriedades apresentaram pelo menos um animal positivo para as duas infecções. A distribuição da ocorrência de anticorpos em búfalos por propriedades variou de 90,5% a 100,0% para BVDV e de 4,8% a 100,0% para BoHV-1. Não foi possível realizar a análise de associação para à infecção pelo BVDV, entretanto, para à infecção pelo BoHV-1, as variáveis que apresentaram associação significativa foram: sistema de criação extensivo (P<0,001); rebanho aberto (P=0,029); ausência de descanso reprodutivo (P=0,029); monta natural em fêmeas com problemas reprodutivos (P<0,001); tipo de exploração (P=0,0014); presença de animais silvestres (P< 0,001) e ausência de limpeza das instalações (P=0,008). Conclui-se que as infecções pelo vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina e Rinotraqueíte Infecciosa Bovina ocorrem em búfalos no estado de Pernambuco. Desta forma, sugere-se que medidas de profilaxia como o diagnóstico rotineiro, controle reprodutivo dos animais, e cuidados higiênicos-sanitários rigorosos devem ser implementados nas propriedades com o intuito de diminuir as perdas reprodutivas ocasionadas por estas infecções.
Vargas, Júnior Sergio Farias. "Diarreia em bezerros na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul". Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2015. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/3433.
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Esta dissertação trata-se de um estudo dos distúrbios entéricos em bezerros diagnosticados na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul em um período de 36 anos. É apresentado um trabalho com a descrição das principais causas de diarreia em bezerros, sendo as causas parasitárias e as bacterianas as mais prevalentes. Foram diagnosticados 94 casos de bezerros com diarreia, destes, 44,7% foram de causas parasitárias e 34,0% de causas bacterianas. A diarreia de causa parasitária foi a mais importante na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul e afetou bezerros de três a 12 meses de idade. É apresentado, também, um estudo que descreve os aspectos epidemiológicos, sinais clínicos e a patologia de um surto de criptosporidiose ocorrido em bezerros na mesma região. De um lote de 400 animais de 30-45 dias de idade, 35 adoeceram e 16 morreram. Os bezerros nasciam fracos e logo após o nascimento apresentavam diarreia amarela, emagrecimento progressivo, desidratação, depressão e morte entre 10 e 15 dias após o início dos sinais clínicos. Na necropsia havia congestão dos vasos sanguíneos intestinais e mesentéricos. Havia distensão intestinal por gás e dilatação de vasos linfáticos. Microscopicamente havia achatamento das vilosidades intestinais, com necrose e atrofia. Aderidas à superfície das células epiteliais das vilosidades, havia estruturas puntiformes basofílicas de 2-5μm de diâmetro compatíveis com Cryptosporidium spp. A microscopia eletrônica revelou a presença de diferentes estágios do agente aderidos às microvilosidades de enterócitos. A criptosporidiose é uma importante causa de diarreia em bezerros não só como um agente oportunista, mas também como um agente primário de diarreia em bezerros.
This dissertation is a study of enteric disorders in calves diagnosed in southern Brazil in 36 years. It is presented a study with the description of the main causes of diarrhea in calves. Parasitic and the bacterial causes are the most prevalent. Ninetyfour cases of calves with diarrhea were diagnosed, of these, 44.7% were of parasitic causes and 34.0% of bacterial causes. Diarrhea of parasitic cause was the most important in southern Brazil and affected calves from three to 12 months of age. Another study is also presented, describing the epidemiological, clinical signs and pathology of an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in calves in southern Brazil. Thirty-five out of 400 calves with 30-45 days of age were affected and 16 died. The calves were born weak and just after birth, they had yellow diarrhea, weight loss, dehydration, depression, and death between 10 and 15 days after onset of clinical signs. Congestion of the bowel and mesenteric blood vessels were observed at necropsy. Intestinal distension by gas and dilation of lymphatic vessels were also observed. Microscopically, the intestine showed flattening of the villi with necrosis and atrophy. Adhered to the surface of the villus epithelial cells there were round basophilic structures of 2- to 5-μm diameter compatible with Cryptosporidium spp. The electron microscopy revealed the presence of different stages of the agent adhered to the microvilli of enterocytes. Cryptosporidiosis is an important cause of diarrhea in calves not only as an opportunistic agent, but also as a primary agent of diarrhea in calves.
Linhares, José Carlos Tarrio. "Clínica e cirurgia em bovinos de aptidão leiteira". Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/17548.
Texto completo da fontePagan, Luciany Mary [UNESP]. "Freqüência de isolamento de Campylobacter em gatos com e sem diarréia e sensibilidade a antimicrobianos das estirpes isoladas". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94589.
Texto completo da fonteEste estudo visou identificar bioquimicamente quais espécies de Campylobacter que acometiam 100 gatos com e 100 gatos sem diarréia, verificando suas freqüências de isolamento e estabelecendo padrões de concentrações inibitórias mínimas (MIC) frente à 7 antimicrobianos. O agente foi isolado através de semeadura por filtração (TF) e semeadura direta em meio de BUTZLER (MB), ambos incubados por 72 horas em microaerofilia, sendo o TF a 37 °C e o MB a 43 °C. Para o MIC, foi utilizado o método de diluições em meios sólidos. A freqüência de isolamento, foi estabelecida pelos limites de 95% de confiança para a proporção de ocorrência complementada com o teste teste de Goodman para contrastes entre e dentro de populações binominais. Todas as comparações foram realizadas no nível de 5 % de significância. Foram isoladas 7 estirpes de Campylobacter no grupo dos animais com diarréia e 5 estirpes no grupo sem diarréia, verificando que não há diferenças significativas entre as freqüências de isolamento nos dois grupos de animais estudados (p>0,05). Através da classificação por comportamento bioquímico, foram isoladas no grupo dos animais com diarréia 4 estirpes de C. jejuni, 2 de C. upsaliensis, 1 de C. coli e dos gatos sem diarréia, 2 estirpes de C. jejuni, 2 de C. lari, 1 de C. upsaliensis. O resultado do MIC permite recomendar os seguintes fármacos para utilização na terapêutica da Campilobacteriose entérica: eritromicina, enrofloxacina e gentamicina.
This study aimed at identifying biochemically which species of Campylobacter attacked 100 cats with and 100 cats without diarrheia, verifying its frequencies of isolation and establishing standards of minimum inhibitory concentrations ( MIC) in face of 7 antimicrobials that make possible the therapeutical use. The agent was isolated through sowing for filtration (TF) and direct sowing in BUTZLER( MB) mean,both incubated for 72 hours in microaerophilia, being TF at 37° C and MB at 43° C. For the lineages sensitivity, the method of dilutions in solid means was used. The isolation frequency was established by assurance limits of 95% for the occurrence ratio and the association with both groups was evaluated by means of Goodman test for contrasts between and inside binomial populations. All the statistical discussions will be carried out at 5% of significance level. Seven strains of Campylobacter were isolated from with diarrhea animals group and five strains without diarrhea animals group, no statistical difference was observed between the frequencies of isolation in the two groups of studied animals(p>0,05). By biochemical tests the Campylobacter isolates were identified from group with diarrheia, being 4 strains as C. jejuni, 2 as C. upsaliensis, 1 as C. coli and from cats without diarrheia, Campylobacter was isolated from 2 strains identified as C. jejuni, 2 as C. lari, 1 as C. upsaliensis. The result of the MIC allows to recommend the following antimicrobial drugs for the therapeutical use of enteric Campylobacteriose: erithromicin, enrofloxacin and gentamicin.
Pagan, Luciany Mary. "Freqüência de isolamento de Campylobacter em gatos com e sem diarréia e sensibilidade a antimicrobianos das estirpes isoladas /". Botucatu : [s.n.], 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94589.
Texto completo da fonteResumo: Este estudo visou identificar bioquimicamente quais espécies de Campylobacter que acometiam 100 gatos com e 100 gatos sem diarréia, verificando suas freqüências de isolamento e estabelecendo padrões de concentrações inibitórias mínimas (MIC) frente à 7 antimicrobianos. O agente foi isolado através de semeadura por filtração (TF) e semeadura direta em meio de BUTZLER (MB), ambos incubados por 72 horas em microaerofilia, sendo o TF a 37 °C e o MB a 43 °C. Para o MIC, foi utilizado o método de diluições em meios sólidos. A freqüência de isolamento, foi estabelecida pelos limites de 95% de confiança para a proporção de ocorrência complementada com o teste teste de Goodman para contrastes entre e dentro de populações binominais. Todas as comparações foram realizadas no nível de 5 % de significância. Foram isoladas 7 estirpes de Campylobacter no grupo dos animais com diarréia e 5 estirpes no grupo sem diarréia, verificando que não há diferenças significativas entre as freqüências de isolamento nos dois grupos de animais estudados (p>0,05). Através da classificação por comportamento bioquímico, foram isoladas no grupo dos animais com diarréia 4 estirpes de C. jejuni, 2 de C. upsaliensis, 1 de C. coli e dos gatos sem diarréia, 2 estirpes de C. jejuni, 2 de C. lari, 1 de C. upsaliensis. O resultado do MIC permite recomendar os seguintes fármacos para utilização na terapêutica da Campilobacteriose entérica: eritromicina, enrofloxacina e gentamicina.
Abstract: This study aimed at identifying biochemically which species of Campylobacter attacked 100 cats with and 100 cats without diarrheia, verifying its frequencies of isolation and establishing standards of minimum inhibitory concentrations ( MIC) in face of 7 antimicrobials that make possible the therapeutical use. The agent was isolated through sowing for filtration (TF) and direct sowing in BUTZLER( MB) mean,both incubated for 72 hours in microaerophilia, being TF at 37° C and MB at 43° C. For the lineages sensitivity, the method of dilutions in solid means was used. The isolation frequency was established by assurance limits of 95% for the occurrence ratio and the association with both groups was evaluated by means of Goodman test for contrasts between and inside binomial populations. All the statistical discussions will be carried out at 5% of significance level. Seven strains of Campylobacter were isolated from with diarrhea animals group and five strains without diarrhea animals group, no statistical difference was observed between the frequencies of isolation in the two groups of studied animals(p>0,05). By biochemical tests the Campylobacter isolates were identified from group with diarrheia, being 4 strains as C. jejuni, 2 as C. upsaliensis, 1 as C. coli and from cats without diarrheia, Campylobacter was isolated from 2 strains identified as C. jejuni, 2 as C. lari, 1 as C. upsaliensis. The result of the MIC allows to recommend the following antimicrobial drugs for the therapeutical use of enteric Campylobacteriose: erithromicin, enrofloxacin and gentamicin.
Mestre
Mello, Gabriela de 1985. "Fontes orgânicas de microminerais nas rações de leitões desmamados /". Botucatu : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96655.
Texto completo da fonteBanca: Margarida Barros
Banca: Rosemeire da Silva Filardi
Resumo: Utilizaram-se 126 leitões de genética comercial, desmamados com idade média de 21 dias (6,11 kg ± 0,42). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com seis tratamentos (Rações com 100% de inclusão de premix de microminerais inorgânico (PMI)- 3,00 kg/T; rações com 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% ou 100% de inclusão de premix de microminerais em forma orgânica (PMO), equivalente a 0; 0,75; 1,50; 2,25 ou 3,00 kg/T, respectivamente) sete repetições e três animais por parcela. No período experimental total (21 aos 63 dias de idade), os níveis crescentes do PMO nas rações determinaram efeito quadrático no ganho de peso diário (GPD), conversão alimentar (CA), porcentagem de Hematócrito (Ht), Hemoglobina (Hb), Hemoglobina corpuscular média (HCM), Volume corpuscular médio (VCM), e Plaquetas (Pq). Comparando-se as médias do tratamento com PMI com cada um dos demais, observou-se que os leitões alimentados com rações sem premix de microminerais apresentaram menores valores de GPD, Ht, Hb, HCM, VCM e Pq, e pior CA, enquanto aqueles que receberam rações com 25% de PMO tiveram menores valores para Ht e Hb, comparado com aqueles que receberam 100% de SMI. O PMO estudado pode substituir as fontes inorgânicas das rações de leitões, com níveis de suplementação 50% inferior, sem prejuízo no desempenho e com menores custos em ração/kg de ganho de peso e sem alterar os parâmetros hematológicos
Abstract: One hundred and twenty-six weaned piglets with 21 days of age (6.11 kg ± 0,42) were used. A completely randomized block design was used, with six treatments (Diets with 100% inclusion of inorganic microminerals premix (IMP) - 3.00 kg/T; diets with 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% or 100% of inclusion of organic microminerals premix (OMP), equivalent to 0; 0.75; 1.50; 2.25 or 3.00 kg/T, respectively), seven replicates and three animals per plot. In the total experimental period (21 to 63 days old), increasing OMP in diets led to a quadratic effect on the daily weight gain (DWG), feed conversion (FC), Hematocrit percentage (Ht), Hemoglobin (Hb), Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and Platelets (Pq). Comparing IMS means with those of the other treatments, the animals fed diets with no microminerals premix showed lower DWG, Ht, Hb, MCH and Pq, and lower FC. Those receiving diets with 25% of OMP had lower Ht and Hb compared with those who received 100% of IMP. Considering the nursery phase, OMP can replace inorganic sources in piglets diets with 35% less supplementation resulting in ununpaired performance and low cost of feed/kg of weight gain and no changes in hematological parameters
Mestre
Moura, Rodrigo Assunção. "Estudo das relações clonais entre amostras de Escherichia coli enteropatogênica atípica de origem animal e humana". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42132/tde-02022010-100915/.
Texto completo da fonteForty-nine typical and atypical EPEC strains belonging to different serotypes, isolated from humans, pets (cats and dogs), farm (bovines, sheep and rabbits) and wild animals (monkeys) were investigated for virulence markers and clonal similarity by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The virulence markers analyzed revealed that atypical EPEC strains isolated from animals have the potential to cause diarrhea in humans. Close clonal relationship between human and animal isolates was found with MLST and PFGE. These results indicate that these animals act as atypical EPEC reservoirs and may represent sources of infection for humans. Since humans also act as a reservoir of atypical EPEC strains, the cycle of mutual infection of atypical EPEC between animals and humans, mainly pets and their owners, cannot be ruled out, since the transmission dynamics between the reservoirs are not yet clearly understood.
Sturza, Diego Artemio Franco. "Testes de elisa e vírus-neutralização na detecção de anticorpos contra o vírus da diarréia viral bovina no soro e leite". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2011. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10100.
Texto completo da fonteThe success of control/eradication programs of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection necessarily includes the identification and elimination of persistently infected (PI) animals. Since these animals continuously shed virus, the prevalence and titers of antibodies in herds with PI animals are often high. Hence, bulk milk and serum samples were subjected to two serological tests in order to establish the most appropriate for herd screening. For this, 767 samples of bulk milk and 701 serum samples were analyzed by a commercial ELISA kit and by virus-neutralization test (VNT). The toxic effects of milk for cell cultures on VNT was abolished by increasing the final volume of medium during the incubation. Among the tested milk samples, 177 and 139 were positive in VNT and ELISA, respectively. Thus, the VNT showed a sensitivity (Se) of 76.8% and a specificity (Sp) of 99.5%. The Kappa index (k) was 0.82, demonstrating an excellent agreement between the two techniques. The analysis of the correlation coefficient between the absorbance values in ELISA (OD) and antibody titers in positive samples in VNT showed a moderate positivity (r = 0.57) with p<0.05. In serum samples, 442 and 602 were positive in ELISA and VNT, respectively. This resulted in a VNT sensitivity (Se) of 92.7% and specificity (Sp) of 27.1%, with (k) of 0.23, reflecting a weak agreement between the two techniques. The correlation coefficient between OD and antibody titers showed a moderate positivity (r = 0.54) with p<0.05. Testing of both milk and serum revealed a considerable number of samples with high VN titers and low ODs. On the other side, many samples with low VN titers showed high ODs in the ELISA. Based on the above mentioned results, and assuming that the presence of PI animals usually results in VN titers ≥ 80, we conclude that the VNT is more appropriate to conduct herd screening in bulk milk when the objective is to detect herds with high titers of neutralizing antibodies, potentially harboring PI animals.
O sucesso nas estratégias de controle e erradicação do vírus da diarréia viral bovina (BVDV), passa pela identificação e eliminação dos animais persistentemente infectados (PI). Como esses animais excretam continuamente o vírus, a prevalência e os títulos de anticorpos nos rebanhos que os possuem são geralmente altos. Por isso, amostras de tanques coletivos de leite são frequentemente utilizadas na triagem de rebanhos. No presente trabalho, amostras coletivas de leite e amostras de soro foram submetidas a duas técnicas sorológicas, a fim de estabelecer a mais adequada para esta finalidade. Para tal, 767 amostras coletivas de leite e 701 amostras de soro bovino foram testadas com um kit ELISA indireto (teste padrão) e pela técnica de vírus-neutralização (VNT). Devido aos efeitos tóxicos do leite sobre o cultivo celular, a VNT foi adaptada, o que consistiu no aumento do volume final na etapa de incubação com os cultivos celulares. No teste do leite, foram positivas 177 e 139 amostras, no ELISA e na VNT, respectivamente. Com isso, a VNT adaptada apresentou uma sensibilidade (Se) de 76,8% e uma especificidade (Sp) de 99,5%. O índice Kappa (k) foi de 0,82, demonstrando uma ótima concordância entre as duas técnicas. A análise do coeficiente de correlação entre os valores de absorbância no ELISA (OD) e os títulos de anticorpos na VNT nas amostras positivas, demonstrou uma correlação moderada positiva (r = 0,57) com p<0,05. No teste do soro, foram positivas 442 e 602 amostras no ELISA (teste padrão) e na VNT, respectivamente. Observou-se uma (Se) de 92,7% e (Sp) de 27,1%, com (k) de 0,23, demonstrando uma fraca concordância entre as duas técnicas. O coeficiente de correlação entre OD e os títulos de anticorpos demonstrou uma correlação moderada positiva (r = 0,54) com p<0,05. Observaram-se nos testes do leite e do soro, várias amostras com títulos altos na VNT apresentando ODs baixas a medianas. Por outro lado, várias amostras com títulos neutralizantes baixos apresentaram ODs altas. Baseado nos resultados, e partindo do pressuposto que a presença de animais PI reflete-se em títulos neutralizantes geralmente ≥ 80, conclui-se que a VNT é mais adequada para a realização de triagem em amostras coletivas de leite quando objetiva-se detectar rebanhos com altos títulos de anticorpos neutralizantes, possíveis portadores de animais PI.
Corbellini, Ângela Oliveira. "Estabelecimento de uma reação em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real para detecção de animais persistentemente infectados pelo vírus da diarréia viral bovina". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/29532.
Texto completo da fonteBrazil is an important food producer and cattle production has great economical and social importance. Viral diseases are constant problems and the identification of the agent, the knowledge of the disease´s epidemiology and the development of efficient diagnostic techniques are extremely important for its control. Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is a widespread disease causing great economical losses around the world. The identification of persistently infected animals (PI) in bovine herds is essential to the implementation of control programs. In the present study, a reverse transcription followed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was established to the identification and quantification of pestivirus. Immunoperoxidase (IPX) was used as the reference test, in addition with reverse transcription followed by the polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), virus isolation (VI), antigen-capture ELISA (ACE) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC). The values used as standard to quantification were predetermined by the result from the IPX using a reference strain. The sensitivity of RTqPCR was 103.9 TCID50/mL, showing 0.978 of coefficient correlation, what allowed to detect 95% of infections with up to 450.66 viral particles/mL. The reproducibility of the coefficient of varied from 4 to 9%. Seventy-two samples of blood serum from animals suspected of presenting persistent infection of BVDV were analyzed. The titers obtained through the IPX from the serum of PI animals varied from 105.55 to 107.3 TCID50/mL, while the titers from the tested samples by the RT-qPCR varied from 106.2 to 107.6TCID50/mL. The different laboratory methods tested were capable of detecting the BVDV with equal efficiency, The comparative utilization of these methods allied with a new strategy allowed the establishment of a specific RT-qPCR protocol to quantify and detect the BDVD in PI sera which can be used as an important tool to the detection and quantification of the pestivirus different genetic backgrounds. Beyond this, the present protocol can be used to quantify the virus in different organs of PI animals and will contribute for the understanding of BVDV patogenicity.
Andrade, Carla de. "Nucleotídeos na alimentação de leitões recém-desmamados". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-27032013-143629/.
Texto completo da fonteThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary nucleotide levels on performance, occurrence of diarrhea, organ morphometry, intestinal histology and intestinal microbiota of weanling pigs fed complex diets containing corn, soybean meal, milk products, and spray-dried plasma. One hundred and sixty 21d-weaned pigs, averaging 6.43 ± 0.71 kg BW, were used in a randomized complete block design experiment with 5 treatments, 8 replications (blocks) per treatment and 4 animals per experimental unit (pen). The treatments were: basal diet with 120 ppm of chloro-hydroxyquinoline (antimicrobial treatment), and basal diet with 0, 100, 150, and 200 ppm of nucleotides. The ADG, ADFI, G:F and occurrence of diarrhea were calculated during 1 to 14 and 1 to 34 d of experimental period. A day after the end of the experimental period, an animal from each pen was slaughtered to evaluate of organ morphometry (empty stomach, empty small intestine, pancreas, liver and spleen), intestinal histology (villus height, villus width, crypt depth and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio), and intestinal microbiota (mesophiles, Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, Lactobacillus spp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Clostridium perfringens). During 1-14 d of experimental period, performance was not affected (P>0.05) by treatments. For the total experimental period (1-34 d), beneficial linear effects of dietary levels of nucleotides on final BW (P=0.005; BW = 0.0033X + 23.657, R2 = 0.87) and ADG (P = 0.008; ADG = 0.0002X + 0.4955, R2 = 0.83) were observed, but not (P>0.05) on ADFI and G:F. Pigs fed antimicrobial treatment had lower (P=0.049) occurrence of diarrhea from d 1 to 14 than those fed nucleotide treatments. However, for the total experimental period (1-34 d), treatments did not affect (P>0.05) occurrence of diarrhea, organ morphometry, intestinal histology and intestinal microbiota. Therefore, adding up to 200 ppm of dietary nucleotides to complex diets for weanling pigs showed beneficial effect on growth performance, without affecting organ morphometry, intestinal histology, intestinal microbiota and occurrence of diarrhea of nursery pigs.
Otonel, Rodrigo Alejandro Arellano. "Diversidade molecular do vírus da diarreia viral bovina identificado em animais persistentemente infectados provenientes de um rebanho leiteiro". Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, 2011. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000162902.
Texto completo da fonteBovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important worldwide cattle pathogen that causes substancial economic impact on both the beef and dairy industries. The BVDV is a single-stranded RNA virus that has a unique capacity to cause persistent infections in fetuses exposed early in their intrauterine development. The great diversity of types and subtypes of BVDV wild-type strains reflects in practical consequences on forms of clinical presentation, epidemiology, diagnosis, and disease control. The aim of this study was to describe the diversity of BVDV subgenotypes in persistent infected (PI) animals identified in a highly productive open dairy cattle herd. The farm was located in the Parana state, south region of Brazil, and had good nutritional and health management including biannual vaccination with inactivated vaccine for the BVDV infection control. The herd was composed by 692 animals predominantly of Holstein breed. Firstly, for the identification of PI animals the blood serum of all animals were analyzed by RT-PCR assay using primers to partially amplify the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) and Npro region of the BVDV genome. The positive animals in this first analysis and those that were born in the interval between the first and second blood sample collection were futher analyzed by RT-PCR assay. In the first evaluation were identified 29 animals with BVDV transient infection. The second RT-PCR analysis identified three animais, two cows and one calf, with BVDV persistent infection and one putative PI calf. The phylogenetic analyses of the amplicon sequences revealed that the three PI animals were infected by different BVDV subgenotypes (BVDV-1a, BVDV-1b, and BVDV-1d). The subgenotype BVDV-1a, included in the vaccine composition, was identified in the herd. This study demostrated PI animals infected with different BVDV subgenotypes in an open dairy cattle herd, regularly vaccinated with an inativated vaccine againts BVDV. These results increase the discussion about the immunity against the BVDV infection and the efficiency of the vaccines used for the control of the bovine viral diarrhea in open herds with PI animals.