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Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Diffraction"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 25 de julho de 2025

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1

Hamam, Habib. "De la diffraction a la synthese des elements diffractifs." Rennes 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995REN10109.

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Parmi les facteurs les plus remarquables qui ont suscite l'interet pour les elements optiques diffractifs, on enumere deux facteurs. La technologie actuelle a vecu recemment un progres important qui a touche notamment la mise en uvre d'elements optiques ayant des hautes resolutions et des structures complexes. En outre apres l'apparition du laser, l'holographie synthetique a connu un essor remarquable qui s'est traduit notamment par des techniques de synthese des hologrammes generes par ordinateur operant en regime paraxial. Nous avons choisi de nous situer dans la continuite de ces trois dern

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2

White, Thomas Ashley. "Structure solution using precession electron diffraction and diffraction tomography." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611748.

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3

DeSandre, Lewis Francis. "Extinction theorem analysis of diffraction anomalies in overcoated-gratings." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184853.

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A rigorous analysis based upon the extinction theorem is presented to study anomalous resonance effects from single- and multilayer-overcoated, low-efficiency diffraction gratings. Anomalously high diffraction efficiency at resonance results from the coupling of the incident beam into guided waves that can be propagated within the composite structure. Both the traditional characteristic matrix technique and a recursive or R-matrix propagation technique are presented. The R-matrix propagation algorithm was found to be stable numerically, and computational results agree favorably with both exper

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4

Persson, Roger. "Breaking the diffraction limit using conical diffraction in super resolution fluorescence microscopy : Breaking the diffraction limit using conical diffraction in super resolution fluorescence microscopy." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad fysik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-140725.

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5

Grant, Stephen D. "Conical diffraction photonics." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2016. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/c4c0c9b8-f54a-406b-b73f-a84bc07f456e.

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Recent interest in conical diffraction (CD) has led to a large increase in experimental and theoretical investigations over the last two decades, a marked change from the previous 160 quiet years in the field. Once dismissed as an optical curiosity, the phenomenon has emerged as a fascinating area with potential for a large number of practical applications many of which have been realised while others are still being discovered. In this thesis a number of aspects of the theory as recently described are experimentally investigated with a view to strengthening the current theoretical understandi

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6

Nishantha, Hewamarappulige Indunil. "Powder Diffraction Methods." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1222116031.

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7

Ihee, Hyotcherl Zewail Ahmed H. Zewail Ahmed H. "Ultrafast electron diffraction /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2001. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-04072008-112244.

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8

Patton, Forest S. "Coherent atom beam diffraction /." view abstract or download file of text, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3190537.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2005.<br>Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-83). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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9

Edwards, Philip John. "Diffraction theory and radiometry." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408858.

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10

Walsh, Sheridan John T. P. "Diffraction by volume gratings." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303660.

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11

Goodwin, A. L. "Dynamics from powder diffraction." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599515.

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This dissertation explores the extent to which dynamical information is preserved in neutron powder diffraction data. Total scattering data collected on the GEM instrument in ISIS have been used as input for the reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) method to generate large ensembles of independent atomistic configurations consistent with the data. A method of analysing these configurations for evidence of correlated atomic motion has been developed. The method is based on a similar technique originally used to analyse molecular dynamics (MD) configurations. It has been extended further in the dissertatio

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12

Lahme, Stefan. "Femtosecond single-electron diffraction." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-178346.

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Die grundlegenden Funktionsprinzipien der Natur zu verstehen, ist seit jeher Antrieb der Naturwissenschaften. Verhalten und Eigenschaften von Festkörpern werden dabei häufig von dynamischen Prozessen auf atomarer Skala (< 10^-10 m) bestimmt, welche typischerweise auf Zeitskalen im Bereich von zehn Femtosekunden (10^-15 s) bis hin zu vielen Picosekunden (10^-12 s) ablaufen. Zeitaufgelöste Elektronenbeugung an kristallinen Festkörpern ermöglicht die direkte Beobachtung solcher Prozesse in Raum und Zeit. Die bislang mit diesem Verfahren erreichte Zeitauflösung von etwa 100 fs eignet sich jedoch n

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13

Zora, J. A. "X-ray diffraction studies." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374467.

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14

Senyshyn, A., M. Monchak, O. Dolotko, and H. Ehrenberg. "Lithium Diffusion and Diffraction." Diffusion fundamentals 21 (2014) 4, S.1, 2014. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32392.

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In the current contribution the application of bond valence method for the prediction (and diffraction-based techniques for the evalution) of ion diffusion pathways in different materials for electrochemical energy conversion and storage will be presented and discussed.

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15

Bonner, Bradley David. "Calculating conical diffraction coefficients." Thesis, University of Bath, 2003. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425888.

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16

Northey, Thomas. "Ab initio molecular diffraction." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28772.

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In 1915, Debye derived his well-known equation for the X-ray scattering from a sample of randomly orientated gas-phase molecules. He approximated the molecular scattering by adding the contributions of isolated atomic constituents. This is known as the Independent Atom Model (IAM). However, it omits the redistribution of valence electrons due to bonding, and is limited to the electronic ground state. The main proposition of this thesis is that it is worthwhile going beyond the IAM when interpreting X-ray scattering data. In part, this is motivated by the arrival of new X-ray sources called X-r

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17

Malyarenko, Eugene V. "Lamb wave diffraction tomography." W&M ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623991.

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As the worldwide aviation fleet continues to age, methods for accurately predicting the presence of structural flaws, such as hidden corrosion and disbonds, that compromise air worthiness become increasingly necessary. Ultrasonic guided waves, Lamb waves, allow large sections of aircraft structures to be rapidly inspected. However, extracting quantitative information from Lamb wave data has always involved highly trained personnel with a detailed knowledge of mechanical waveguide physics. In addition, human inspection process tends to be highly subjective, slow and prone to errors. The only pr

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18

Morishita, Shigeyuki, Jun Yamasaki, Keisuke Nakamura, Takeharu Kato, and Nobuo Tanaka. "Diffractive imaging of the dumbbell structure in silicon by spherical-aberration-corrected electron diffraction." American Institite of Physics, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/11975.

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19

Shukayr, Riman. "Evaluation of the uniform theory of diffraction for edge diffraction at low frequency." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ64062.pdf.

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20

Ye, Hong. "X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction and circular dichroism studies of nucleic acids and proteins." Thesis, Keele University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245601.

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21

Kumari, Maini S. M. "Development of a breast tissue diffraction analysis system using energy dispersive X-ray diffraction." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1370578/.

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Research groups have shown that diffraction techniques could be applied for characterising materials. In particular, Energy Dispersive X-ray Diffraction (EDXRD) technique has been successfully used in characterising materials such as plastics, drugs and biological tissues. The size of breast tissues used for characterisation so far has been small, in the range of mm. In order to exploit the fullness of the EDXRD technique in characterising breast tissues and hence enable early and precise breast tumour detection, the presented research work takes the existing research work a step forward by de

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22

Petrovic, Novak S. "Modelling diffraction in optical interconnects /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://adt.library.uq.edu.au/public/adt-QU20050129.135451/index.html.

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23

Liu, Yuan. "Procédé Tactile à Diffraction Ultrasonore." Phd thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure d'arts et métiers - ENSAM, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00552186.

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Cette thèse est une contribution au développement d'un procédé tactile acoustique basé sur la perturbation des ondes de Lamb, permettant de détecter un toucher simple ou des touchers multiples sur des objets minces de forme quelconque. Après avoir étudié la propagation des modes de Lamb dans les objets minces par exemple les plaques de cuivre d'épaisseur 450 µm, nous avons observé, que l'énergie des ondes de Lamb antisymétriques était essentiellement due à la composante normale de déplacement et qu'il était aisé de perturber un mode de flexion par un toucher surfacique réalisé avec le doigt ou

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24

Ayzenberg, Milana. "Three-Dimensional Seismic Diffraction Modeling." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for petroleumsteknologi og anvendt geofysikk, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-5131.

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Synthetic modeling of seismic wavefields scattered in the subsurface is of growing interest today due to its applicability in various forward and inverse problems of geophysics. It has been extensively used for general evaluation of the subsurface structure, in survey design and illumination studies, and also as the basis for imaging and inversion algorithms. A particular challenge is presented by models with complex geological structure containing strong-contrast or irregular reflectors and shadow zones, where conventional algorithms fail to simulate realistic wavefields. Therefore, the deman

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25

Diehl, Markus. "Diffraction in electron-proton collisions." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/265482.

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Subject of this thesis is diffractive collisions of electrons and protons, i.e. collisions wher~ the proton remains intact or is slightly excited, and loses only a small fraction of its initial energy. Such processes can be described by the exchange of a pomeron, which is well-known from the phenomenology of highenergy hadron scattering but far from being understood in the framework of quantum chromodynamics. We use the simple model of Landshoff and Nachtmann, where the pomeron is approximated by two nonperturbative gluons, to calculate the cross section for diffractive production of a quark-a

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26

Hnatiuk, Heather Joanne. "Integrated linear diffraction grating spectrometer." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0021/NQ45000.pdf.

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27

Jafari, Amir. "Distributed etched diffraction grating demultiplexer." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=107746.

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This doctoral thesis studies the concept of a distributed etched diffraction grating (DEDG) and presents a methodology to engineer the spectral response of the device. The design which incorporates a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) at the facets of a conventional etched diffraction grating demultiplexer promises for a superior performance in multiple aspects. Where in a conventional etched diffraction grating, smooth vertical deep etched walls are required in order to realize a low insertion loss device; in the DEDG such requirement is significantly mitigated. Deep etched walls are replaced

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28

Saward, Victoria Helen. "Some problems in diffraction theory." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364212.

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29

Jackson, Daryl Christopher. "Photoelectron diffraction of surface structures." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2010. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3740/.

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30

Huxley, David W. "Diffraction studies of disordered materials." Thesis, University of Kent, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293796.

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31

Geake, Peter John. "Smoke characterisation by laser diffraction." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329148.

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32

Jing, Cao. "Spray diagnostics by laser diffraction." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321852.

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33

Webb, S. "Unusual effects in particle diffraction." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234226.

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34

Forsyth, G. A. "Molecular structure by diffraction methods." Thesis, University of Reading, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384586.

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35

Wang, Duan Qiang. "Strain measurement using neutron diffraction." Thesis, Open University, 1996. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57651/.

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This thesis contains a study of improvement and application of strain measurement technique using neutron diffraction. A dedicated neutron strain scanner - ENGIN, funded by Ee. has been developed at ISIS. It has two radial collimators, allowing for the first time, measurements taken simultaneously at two orthogonal directions; uses Pawley refinement permitting both whole pattern and individual peak profile analysis and its positioner allow's specimens weighing 250 kg to be placed with an accuracy of 100 um. Strain measurement using neutron diffraction has been investigated under two extreme ci

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36

Lobban, Colin. "Neutron diffraction studies of ices." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10065569/.

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This thesis reports on a series of neutron diffraction measurements on ices in the medium-pressure range of the phase diagram in order to address several outstanding issues. The structure of ice II under its thermodynamic conditions of stability is unknown. Previous studies have used helium gas as the pressurising medium, which is included within the ice structure. Argon gas has been used in this work as the pressure medium, and the detailed structure of ice II is presented and discussed. Similarly, the structure of ice V under its conditions of stability is established for the first time by t

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37

Watson, Andre James. "Diffraction gratings in ray tracing." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p1464665.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.<br>Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 7, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 66-67).

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38

Mercer, Carolyn Regan. "Liquid crystal point diffraction interferometer." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187127.

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A new instrument, the liquid crystal point diffraction interferometer (LCPDI), has been developed for the measurement of phase objects. This instrument maintains the compact, robust design of Linnik's point diffiaction interferometer (PDI) and adds to it phase stepping capability for quantitative interferogram analysis. The result is a compact, simple to align, environmentally insensitive interferometer capable of accurately measuring optical wavefronts with very high data density and with automated data reduction. This dissertation describes the theory of both the PDI and liquid crystal phase

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39

Verma, Rupesh. "Fractal diffraction: signatures and applications." Thesis, IIT Delhi, 2015. http://localhost:8080/iit/handle/2074/6663.

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40

Simonne, David. "Catalytic properties at the nanoscale probed by surface x-ray diffraction and coherent diffraction imaging." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASP001.

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Le principal objectif de ce travail est d'étudier des catalyseurs hétérogènes in situ et operando pendant l'oxydation de l'ammoniac en se rapprochant des valeurs de température et pression industrielles. Actuellement, ce processus catalytique et les changements structurels associés sont mal compris, et nous proposons d'utiliser différents échantillons en platine, nanoparticules et monocristaux afin de réduire l'écart entre les études scientifiques sur échantillons modèles et les catalyseurs utilisés en agro-industrie. L'activité catalytique des différents échantillons est mesurée pour lier str

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41

Schwiegerling, Jim. "Diffraction efficiency and aberrations of diffractive elements obtained from orthogonal expansion of the point spread function." SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622533.

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The Point Spread Function (PSF) indirectly encodes the wavefront aberrations of an optical system and therefore is a metric of the system performance. Analysis of the PSF properties is useful in the case of diffractive optics where the wavefront emerging from the exit pupil is not necessarily continuous and consequently not well represented by traditional wavefront error descriptors such as Zernike polynomials. The discontinuities in the wavefront from diffractive optics occur in cases where step heights in the element are not multiples of the illumination wavelength. Examples include binary o

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42

Blums, Valdis Roberts. "Ion Fluorescence Collection And Diffraction Limited Imaging From A Microfabricated Ion Trap With Integrated Diffractive Mirrors." Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365461.

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In this thesis I discuss the collaborative monolithic design and testing of microfabricated diffractive mirrors integrated into a microfabricated ion trap. I discuss the necessary optical and electrical systems needed to trap 174Yb+ ions. From the diffractive mirrors we measured a collection efficiency of more than 4% per ion fluorescence photon, while obtaining diffraction limited ion images.<br>Thesis (Masters)<br>Master of Philosophy (MPhil)<br>School of Natural Sciences<br>Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology<br>Full Text

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43

Recaldini, Valentino. "Optical diffraction tomography: a resolution study." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21258/.

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In the past years, optical diffraction tomography (ODT) has been used both in cell imaging and to investigate the three-dimensional refractive index (RI) of large-scale (millimetre-sized) samples. In this technique, the projections at different illumination angles are acquired through digital holography (DH) and used to estimate the complex wave fields, which can be refocused with the aid of numerical diffraction algorithms. However, real extended specimens may not completely lie on a single plane. In this case, the (refocused) projections retain a certain amount of defocus which will affect t

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44

Burvall, Anna. "Axicon imaging by scalar diffraction theory." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Microelectronics and Information Technology, IMIT, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3736.

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<p>Axicons are optical elements that produce Bessel beams,i.e., long and narrow focal lines along the optical axis. Thenarrow focus makes them useful ine.g. alignment, harmonicgeneration, and atom trapping, and they are also used toincrease the longitudinal range of applications such astriangulation, light sectioning, and optical coherencetomography. In this thesis, axicons are designed andcharacterized for different kinds of illumination, using thestationary-phase and the communication-modes methods.</p><p>The inverse problem of axicon design for partially coherentlight is addressed. A design

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45

Herbison, Sarah. "Ultrasonic diffraction effects on periodic surfaces." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41180.

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Although the study of the interaction of acoustic and elastic waves with periodic surfaces and structures has a rich history dating back to Lord Rayleigh, it has recently been attracting new research efforts due to its value in the study of phononic crystals and in methods for ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation (NDE). The objective of the research described in this thesis is to provide new numerical and experimental tools capable of capturing important features that occur due to the diffraction of ultrasound on periodic solid surfaces. This thesis is divided into four main parts. First, the

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46

Chen, Yixin. "Electron diffraction analysis of amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669987.

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47

Kreikemeyer, Lorenzo D. "Photoelectron diffraction determination of adsorbate structures." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2011. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/49672/.

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Scanned-energy mode photoelectron diffraction (PhD) is a well-known method to determine quantitatively the local structure of adsorbates at surfaces. In this thesis, it has been employed to determine the adsorption site of a selection of molecules on surfaces. The adsorption on Cu(110), of methoxy (CH3O), an intermediate in the catalytic decomposition of methanol (CH3OH), has been studied. O 1s PhD spectra show the strongest modulation at 30° and 40° polar emission angles, both in the [1 1 0] azimuth, which is consistent with a bridge position adsorption site in the [1 1 0] azimuth. The subseq

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48

Duncan-Jones, George. "Noise removal for powder diffraction profiles." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543553.

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49

Hyslop, Michael. "Electron diffraction studies of unsupported clusters." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Physics and Astronomy, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5563.

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The motivation to study the structure of clusters is the possible observation of unusual structures for small cluster sizes. The presence of such structural size effects is generally associated with the optimization of surface energy in clusters. For metals that have face centred cubic (FCC) structure in the bulk, optimization of the surface energy typically results in icosahedral or decahedral structures being preferred for nanometre sized clusters. The inert gas aggregation (IGA) technique has been used to produce a beam of clusters (diameter ≤10 nm) for structural studies using electron di

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50

Edvardsson, Elisabet. "Quasicrystals : Classification, diffraction and surface studies." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap och fysik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-36299.

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Quasicrystal is the term used for a solid that possesses an essentially discrete diffraction pattern without having translational symmetry. Compared to periodic crystals, this difference in structure gives quasicrystals new properties that make them interesting to study -- both from a mathematical and from a physical point of view. In this thesis we review a mathematical description of quasicrystals that aims at generalizing the well-established theory of periodic crystals. We see how this theory can be connected to the cohomology of groups and how we can use this connection to classify quasic

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