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Cunningham, George B., Michael Sagas, Marlene Dixon, Aubrey Kent e Brian A. Turner. "Anticipated Career Satisfaction, Affective Occupational Commitment, and Intentions to Enter the Sport Management Profession". Journal of Sport Management 19, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2005): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.19.1.43.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of internships on students’ career-related affect and intentions. Data were gathered from 138 upper-level undergraduate sport management students (71 interns, 67 noninterns). A doubly multivariate repeated measures model indicated that, although they did not differ at the beginning of the internship, interns had less positive attitudes toward the profession than did noninterns at the end of the internship. Structural equation modeling indicated that affective occupational commitment fully mediated the relationship between anticipated career satisfaction and intentions to enter the profession. The results contribute to the extant literature by demonstrating that internships can influence career-related affect and intentions.
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Downes, Alexander B. "Desperate Times, Desperate Measures: The Causes of Civilian Victimization in War". International Security 30, n.º 4 (abril de 2006): 152–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec.2006.30.4.152.
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Despite normative and legal injunctions against targeting civilians in war, as well as doubts regarding the effectiveness of such strategies, belligerents have frequently turned their guns on noncombatants. Two variables—desperation to win and to save lives on one's own side in protracted wars of attrition, and the intention to conquer and annex enemy territory—explain this repeated resort to civilian targeting. According to the desperation logic, costly and prolonged wars of attrition cause states to become increasingly anxious to prevail and to reduce their losses. Adopting a policy of civilian victimization permits states to continue the war while managing their losses and hopefully coercing the adversary to quit. In the appetite for conquest model, by contrast, belligerents specifically intend to seize and annex territory. Attackers in this model employ civilian victimization to eliminate enemy civilians, who can threaten the aggressor's immediate military position and present a future threat of rebellion. Multivariate analysis of interstate wars between 1816 and 2003 corroborates the importance of these factors,and a case study of the British starvation blockade of Germany in World War I supports the plausibility of the desperation mechanism.
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Thompson, Daniel B. "Diet-Induced Plasticity of Linear Static Allometry Is Not So Simple for Grasshoppers: Genotype–Environment Interaction in Ontogeny Is Masked by Convergent Growth". Integrative and Comparative Biology 59, n.º 5 (9 de agosto de 2019): 1382–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icz137.
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Abstract Grasshoppers, Melanoplus sanguinipes (Orthoptera: Acrididae), develop larger head width (HW) and shorter leg length, relative to body size, when fed low nutrient, lignin-rich grasses compared to sibs fed a diet of high nutrient grasses. To elucidate how underlying genetic variation and plasticity of growth generate plasticity of this linear static allometry within coarse-grained environments, I measured head and leg size of three nymphal instars and adult grasshoppers raised on either a low or high nutrient diet within a half-sib quantitative genetic experiment. Doubly-multivariate repeated measures multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA) of head, mandible, and hind leg size and their rate of growth (mm/period) and growth period (days) through ontogeny were used to analyze how the ontogeny of diet-induced plasticity for these variables and additive genetic variation for plasticity (genotype × environment interaction [G×E]) contribute to plasticity in functional linear static allometry. Genetic variation for diet-induced plasticity (G×E) of head and leg size varied through ontogeny, as did genetic variation for plasticity of growth in third and fourth instar nymphs. Despite extensive genetic variation in plasticity of HW and leg length in fourth instar nymphs, the static allometry between head and leg was stable within each diet because the patterns of G×E were similar for HW, leg length and their coordinated growth. Nutrient sensitive plasticity in growth shifted the intercept but not the slope of static allometry, a result consistent with one outcome of a graphical model of the relationships between G× E and plasticity of within environment static allometry. In addition, G×E of fourth instar head and leg size was reduced in adults by negatively size-dependent, convergent growth in the last period of ontogeny. Consequently, the bivariate reaction norms of head and leg size for adults exhibited no G×E and, again, plasticity in the intercept but not in the slope of static allometry. The ontogeny of seemingly simple diet-induced linear static allometry between functional body parts in grasshoppers arises from a complex combination of differing patterns of nutrient-sensitive growth, duration of growth, convergent growth, and G×E, all relevant to understanding the development and evolution of functional allometry in hemimetabolous insects.
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Ngaruye, Innocent, Joseph Nzabanita, Dietrich von Rosen e Martin Singull. "Small area estimation under a multivariate linear model for repeated measures data". Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 46, n.º 21 (2 de agosto de 2017): 10835–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610926.2016.1248784.
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Moser, E. B., A. M. Saxton e S. R. Pezeshki. "Repeated measures analysis of variance: application to tree research". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20, n.º 5 (1 de maio de 1990): 524–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x90-069.
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Repeated measures data occur in a wide variety of experimental situations and are often analyzed without full consideration of the statistical issues involved. In this paper, a discussion of model construction, univariate versus multivariate solutions, and statistical assumptions is motivated by examples from a tree physiology experiment. In addition, several examples from the forestry literature are reviewed. It is hoped that this discussion will help scientists with little statistical training to become aware of the different analyses available and perhaps to recognize the associated models in their own research. The examples range from a simple repeated measures design with one within-subject factor and no between-subjects factors to a more complex design involving multiple within-subject and between-subjects factors. The modelling approach used here permits a straightforward comparison between the univariate and multivariate solutions. Although no single approach is consistently best, the multivariate approach is always appropriate and provides the same interpretations as the univariate approach. However, when appropriate assumptions such as sphericity are met, power considerations tend to favor the more traditional univariate analysis.
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Krzysko, Mirosław, Tadeusz Smiałowski e Waldemar Wołynski. "Analysis of multivariate repeated measures data using a MANOVA model and principal components". Biometrical Letters 51, n.º 2 (1 de dezembro de 2014): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bile-2014-0008.
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Abstract In this paper we consider a set of T repeated measurements on p characteristics on each of n individuals. The n individuals themselves may be divided and randomly assigned to K groups. These data are analyzed using a mixed effect MANOVA model, assuming that the data on an individual have a covariance matrix which is a Kronecker product of two positive definite matrices. Results are illustrated on a data set obtained from experiments with varieties of winter rye.
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Boik, Robert J. "The mixed model for multivariate repeated measures: validity conditions and an approximate test". Psychometrika 53, n.º 4 (dezembro de 1988): 469–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02294401.
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Gosho, Masahiko, Kazushi Maruo, Ryota Ishii e Akihiro Hirakawa. "Analysis of an incomplete longitudinal composite variable using a marginalized random effects model and multiple imputation". Statistical Methods in Medical Research 27, n.º 7 (16 de novembro de 2016): 2200–2215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280216677879.
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The total score, which is calculated as the sum of scores in multiple items or questions, is repeatedly measured in longitudinal clinical studies. A mixed effects model for repeated measures method is often used to analyze these data; however, if one or more individual items are not measured, the method cannot be directly applied to the total score. We develop two simple and interpretable procedures that infer fixed effects for a longitudinal continuous composite variable. These procedures consider that the items that compose the total score are multivariate longitudinal continuous data and, simultaneously, handle subject-level and item-level missing data. One procedure is based on a multivariate marginalized random effects model with a multiple of Kronecker product covariance matrices for serial time dependence and correlation among items. The other procedure is based on a multiple imputation approach with a multivariate normal model. In terms of the type-1 error rate and the bias of treatment effect in total score, the marginalized random effects model and multiple imputation procedures performed better than the standard mixed effects model for repeated measures analysis with listwise deletion and single imputations for handling item-level missing data. In particular, the mixed effects model for repeated measures with listwise deletion resulted in substantial inflation of the type-1 error rate. The marginalized random effects model and multiple imputation methods provide for a more efficient analysis by fully utilizing the partially available data, compared to the mixed effects model for repeated measures method with listwise deletion.
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Harwell, Michael R., e Ronald C. Serlin. "An empirical study of five multivariate tests for the single-factor repeated measures model". Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation 26, n.º 2 (janeiro de 1997): 605–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610919708813400.
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Marelich, William D. "EFFECTS OF BEHAVIOR SETTINGS, EXTRADYADIC BEHAVIORS, AND INTERLOPER CHARACTERISTICS ON ROMANTIC JEALOUSY". Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 30, n.º 8 (1 de janeiro de 2002): 785–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2002.30.8.785.
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This study assessed the effects of behavior-setting changes, partners' behavior toward an interloper, and importance of interloper characteristics for romantic jealousy. Participants were 162 individuals in dating relationships. Four jealousy dilemmas were presented that crossed two levels of behavior setting and two levels of partners' extradyadic behavior toward an interloper. Interloper characteristics were also embedded in the dilemmas. A 2 x 2 withinsubjects ANOVA revealed significant variation between behavior settings and extradyadic behaviors. A doubly-multivariate repeated measures MANOVA assessed the importance of interloper characteristics within behavior setting and extradyadic behavior, showing that interloper characteristics do play a role in reported jealousy. Findings are explained in terms of behavior-setting influences, coping appraisals, and self-maintenance evaluations.
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Ahn, Taesoo, Young Ik Suh, Jin Kyun Lee e Paul M. Pedersen. "Sport Fans and Their Teams’ Redesigned Logos: An Examination of the Moderating Effect of Team Identification on Attitude and Purchase Intention of Team-Logoed Merchandise". Journal of Sport Management 27, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2013): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.27.1.11.
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The current study sought to identify the effect of team identification on brand attitude and purchase intention in terms of team logo changes. Doubly Multivariate Analysis of repeated measures, 2 (logo change: original and redesigned logo) × 3 (team identification: high, moderate, and low), was conducted on attitude toward the brand and purchase intention of team-logoed merchandise. The results showed that there were significant differences between fans with high identification and fans with low identification. The findings of this study can be beneficial for both sport industry practitioners and marketing scholars by providing an understanding of brand attitude and purchase intention related to new redesigned logos based upon different levels of team identification.
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Giacobbi, Peter R., e Robert S. Weinberg. "An Examination of Coping in Sport: Individual Trait Anxiety Differences and Situational Consistency". Sport Psychologist 14, n.º 1 (março de 2000): 42–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.14.1.42.
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The purposes of the present investigation were to examine the coping responses of different subgroups of athletes (e.g., high and low trait anxious athletes), and to assess the consistency of athlete’s coping behaviors across situations. Two-hundred and seventy-three athletes completed the Sport Anxiety Scale (SAS) by Smith, Smoll, & Schutz (1990) and coping assessments in trait and state versions of the sport adapted COPE (MCOPE) by Crocker and Graham (1995). The state coping measures assessed coping responses of situations for which the athletes actually experienced. The results of three separate, doubly multivariate, repeated measures, MANOVA’s showed that high trait anxious athletes responded to stressful situations using different coping behaviors (e.g., denial, wishful thinking, and self-blame) than the low trait anxious athletes. In addition, coping appears to be more stable than situationally variable as Pearson correlational coefficients computed between the three measures ranged from 0.53 to 0.80. The results are discussed with regard to theoretical, research, and applied issues.
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Tang, Yongqiang. "A monotone data augmentation algorithm for longitudinal data analysis via multivariate skew-t, skew-normal or t distributions". Statistical Methods in Medical Research 29, n.º 6 (7 de agosto de 2019): 1542–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280219865579.
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The mixed effects model for repeated measures has been widely used for the analysis of longitudinal clinical data collected at a number of fixed time points. We propose a robust extension of the mixed effects model for repeated measures for skewed and heavy-tailed data on basis of the multivariate skew-t distribution, and it includes the multivariate normal, t, and skew-normal distributions as special cases. An efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is developed using the monotone data augmentation and parameter expansion techniques. We employ the algorithm to perform controlled pattern imputations for sensitivity analyses of longitudinal clinical trials with nonignorable dropouts. The proposed methods are illustrated by real data analyses. Sample SAS programs for the analyses are provided in the online supplementary material.
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Ngaruye, Innocent, Dietrich Von Rosen e Martin Singull. "Mean-Squared errors of small area estimators under a multivariate linear model for repeated measures data". Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 48, n.º 8 (12 de março de 2018): 2060–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610926.2018.1444178.
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Beasley, T. Mark. "Nonparametric Tests for Analyzing Interactions Among Intra-Block Ranks in Multiple Group Repeated Measures Designs". Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics 25, n.º 1 (março de 2000): 20–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/10769986025001020.
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This study developed an extension of the Hollander and Sethuraman (1978) statistic (B2 ) for testing discordance among intra-block rankings of K elements for multiple groups (J ≥ 2) of raters. B2 was demonstrated to be equivalent to the Pillai-Bartlett trace (V ) from a multivariate profile analysis performed on the ranks such that B2 = V (N - 1) Results confirmed the utility of B2 as an omnibus test of interaction (i.e., discordance) among intra-block ranks and demonstrated that it was more powerful than the multivariate approach to ranked data suggested by Serlin and Marascuilo (1983) . An extension of the Friedman (1937) two-way ANOVA for intra-block ranks was also developed. The adequacy of these procedures for testing interactions in multiple group repeated measures designs was investigated. The Friedman model demonstrated adequate statistical properties only when covariance matrices were spherical. Results also demonstrated that the Hollander-Sethuraman model was useful in testing interaction contrasts.
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Vallejo, Guillermo, María P. Fernández e Pablo E. Livacic-Rojas. "Power Differences Between the Modified Brown-Forsythe and Mixed-Model Approaches in Repeated Measures Designs". Methodology 3, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2007): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241.3.1.1.
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Abstract. This article compares the sensibility of the modified Brown-Forsythe (MBF) approach developed by Vallejo and Ato (2006) and a modified empirical generalized least squares (EGLS) method adjusted by the Kenward-Roger solution available in the SAS Institute's (2002) Proc Mixed program to detect the presence of an interaction effect under departures from covariance homogeneity and multivariate normality. Although none of the approaches demonstrated superior performance in all situations, our results indicate that the so-called EGLS method, based on the Akaike's Information Criterion or based on always assuming a unstructured between-subjects heterogeneous covariance pattern, was the most powerful alternative. Results also indicate that little power can be achieved with the EGLS method if the covariance matrix is specified correctly.
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Roy, Anuradha. "Computation aspects of the parameter estimates of linear mixed effects model in multivariate repeated measures set-up". Journal of Applied Statistics 35, n.º 3 (março de 2008): 307–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02664760701833271.
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Hillman, Stephen B., Paula C. Wood e Shlomo S. Sawilowsky. "ATTRIBUTIONAL STYLE OF AFRICAN-AMERICAN ADOLESCENTS". Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 22, n.º 2 (1 de janeiro de 1994): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1994.22.2.163.
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This study ascertains how positive and negative life events are viewed by stigmatized youngsters. The causal attributions of a sample of 139 at-risk African American adolescents are analyzed in a doubly multivariate repeated measures design. These students were participants in either the federally funded Summer Training and Education Program or the Student Academic and Leadership Enhancement Program funded by the Detroit Compact. Previous research on these students indicated that they have higher than norm global self-concepts and their locus of control is more external than would be expected for their age. The findings of the current study suggest that the attributions these youngsters ascribed to positive events were significantly more internal, stable, and global than the attributions for negative events. An ancillary outcome of this study is to report psychometric information regarding the use of The Attributional Style Questionnaire.
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Wang and L. A. Goonewardene, Z. "The use of MIXED models in the analysis of animal experiments with repeated measures data". Canadian Journal of Animal Science 84, n.º 1 (1 de março de 2004): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a03-123.
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The analysis of data containing repeated observations measured on animals (experimental unit) allocated to different treatments over time is a common design in animal science. Conventionally, repeated measures data were either analyzed as a univariate (split-plot in time) or a multivariate ANOVA (analysis of contrasts), both being handled by the General Linear Model procedure of SAS. In recent times, the mixed model has become more appealing for analyzing repeated data. The objective of this paper is to provide a background understanding of mixed model methodology in a repeated measures analysis and to use balanced steer data from a growth study to illustrate the use of PROC MIXED in the SAS system using five covariance structures. The split-plot in time approach assumes a constant variance and equal correlations (covariance) between repeated measures or compound symmetry, regardless of their proximity in time, and often these assumptions are not true. Recognizing this limitation, the analysis of contrasts was proposed. If there are missing measurements, or some of the data are measured at different times, such data were excluded resulting in inadequate data for a meaningful analysis. The mixed model uses the generalized least squares method, which is generally better than the ordinary least squares used by GLM, if the appropriate covariance structure is adopted. The presence of unequally spaced and/or missing data does not pose a problem for the mixed model. In the example analyzed, the first order ante dependence [ANTE(1)] covariance model had the lowest value for the Akaike and Schwarz’s Bayesian information criteria fit statistics and is therefore the model that provided the best fit to our data. Hence, F values, least square estimates and standard errors based on the ANTE (1) were considered the most appropriate from among the five models demonstrated. It is recommended that the mixed model be used for the analysis of repeated measures designs in animal studies. Key words: Repeated measures, General Linear Model, Mixed Model, split-plot, covariance structure
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Liu, Fang, e Qing Li. "A Bayesian model for joint analysis of multivariate repeated measures and time to event data in crossover trials". Statistical Methods in Medical Research 25, n.º 5 (11 de julho de 2016): 2180–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280213519594.
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Wang, Jue, e Sheng Luo. "Joint modeling of multiple repeated measures and survival data using multidimensional latent trait linear mixed model". Statistical Methods in Medical Research 28, n.º 10-11 (11 de outubro de 2018): 3392–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280218802300.
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Impairment caused by Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is multidimensional (e.g. bulbar, fine motor, gross motor) and progressive. Its multidimensional nature precludes a single outcome to measure disease progression. Clinical trials of ALS use multiple longitudinal outcomes to assess the treatment effects on overall improvement. A terminal event such as death or dropout can stop the follow-up process. Moreover, the time to the terminal event may be dependent on the multivariate longitudinal measurements. In this article, we develop a joint model consisting of a multidimensional latent trait linear mixed model (MLTLMM) for the multiple longitudinal outcomes, and a proportional hazards model with piecewise constant baseline hazard for the event time data. Shared random effects are used to link together two models. The model inference is conducted using a Bayesian framework via Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation implemented in Stan language. Our proposed model is evaluated by simulation studies and is applied to the Ceftriaxone study, a motivating clinical trial assessing the effect of ceftriaxone on ALS patients.
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Elting, L. S., e G. P. Bodey. "Is a Picture Worth a Thousand Medical Words? A Randomized Trial of Reporting Formats for Medical Research Data". Methods of Information in Medicine 30, n.º 02 (1991): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1634825.
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AbstractMonitoring data that vary over time is an essential component of medical practice. This is doubly true in clinical trials in which the overall safety and efficacy of investigational treatments in populations must be monitored in addition to the status of the individual patients who receive them. We report the results of a randomized trial of four reporting methods for time-dependent information derived from clinical trials; narrative text, table, pie chart and icon. Multivariate analysis of variance with a repeated measures design was used to analyze the efficiency of subjects’ (physicians, research nurses and laboratory personnel) assimilation of information. Icons were found to be superior to the other reporting formats tested in both speed (p <0.0001) and accuracy (p = 0.02). The differences were most pronounced in subjects’ first exposure to the data, suggesting that icons reduce the time needed for training. We conclude that icons are a valuable method for presentation of time-dependent information in medical settings.
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Petlichkoff, Linda M. "Group Differences on Achievement Goal Orientations, Perceived Ability, and Level of Satisfaction during an Athletic Season". Pediatric Exercise Science 5, n.º 1 (fevereiro de 1993): 12–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.5.1.12.
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This study examined group differences among interscholastic sport participants (Le., starters, nonstarters, and survivors) on several psychological constructs. Specifically, achievement goal orientations, perceived ability, and costs/benefits of involvement were examined over the course of an interscholastic sport season. Athletes (N=249) responded to an Interscholastic Sport Questionnaire on three occasions during the season. The results from a doubly multivariate repeated-measures MANOVA revealed a significant Player Status × Time of Assessment interaction. Follow-up analyses for player status differences indicated that perceived ability contributed substantially to group differences. Specifically, starters rated their perceived ability higher than survivors at all three assessments, and higher than nonstarters at the initial assessment. For the time-of-season differences, only survivors differed significantly across the three assessments on the mastery and ability goal orientations, and level of satisfaction. Results indicated that the end-of-season assessments for survivors were lower on each measure than at both the tryout and prior-to-competition assessments.
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Kogan, Clark, Leonid Kalachev e Hans P. A. Van Dongen. "Prediction Accuracy in Multivariate Repeated-Measures Bayesian Forecasting Models with Examples Drawn from Research on Sleep and Circadian Rhythms". Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4724395.
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In study designs with repeated measures for multiple subjects, population models capturing within- and between-subjects variances enable efficient individualized prediction of outcome measures (response variables) by incorporating individuals response data through Bayesian forecasting. When measurement constraints preclude reasonable levels of prediction accuracy, additional (secondary) response variables measured alongside the primary response may help to increase prediction accuracy. We investigate this for the case of substantial between-subjects correlation between primary and secondary response variables, assuming negligible within-subjects correlation. We show how to determine the accuracy of primary response predictions as a function of secondary response observations. Given measurement costs for primary and secondary variables, we determine the number of observations that produces, with minimal cost, a fixed average prediction accuracy for a model of subject means. We illustrate this with estimation of subject-specific sleep parameters using polysomnography and wrist actigraphy. We also consider prediction accuracy in an example time-dependent, linear model and derive equations for the optimal timing of measurements to achieve, on average, the best prediction accuracy. Finally, we examine an example involving a circadian rhythm model and show numerically that secondary variables can improve individualized predictions in this time-dependent nonlinear model as well.
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Li, Yao Xiang, e Li Chun Jiang. "Fitting Growth Model Using Nonlinear Regression with Random Parameters". Key Engineering Materials 480-481 (junho de 2011): 1308–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.480-481.1308.
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Mixed Effect models are flexible models to analyze grouped data including longitudinal data, repeated measures data, and multivariate multilevel data. One of the most common applications is nonlinear growth data. The Chapman-Richards model was fitted using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling approach. Nonlinear mixed-effects models involve both fixed effects and random effects. The process of model building for nonlinear mixed-effects models is to determine which parameters should be random effects and which should be purely fixed effects, as well as procedures for determining random effects variance-covariance matrices (e.g. diagonal matrices) to reduce the number of the parameters in the model. Information criterion statistics (AIC, BIC and Likelihood ratio test) are used for comparing different structures of the random effects components. These methods are illustrated using the nonlinear mixed-effects methods in S-Plus software.
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Garay, Aldo M., Luis M. Castro, Jacek Leskow e Victor H. Lachos. "Censored linear regression models for irregularly observed longitudinal data using the multivariate-t distribution". Statistical Methods in Medical Research 26, n.º 2 (8 de outubro de 2014): 542–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280214551191.
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In acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) studies it is quite common to observe viral load measurements collected irregularly over time. Moreover, these measurements can be subjected to some upper and/or lower detection limits depending on the quantification assays. A complication arises when these continuous repeated measures have a heavy-tailed behavior. For such data structures, we propose a robust structure for a censored linear model based on the multivariate Student’s t-distribution. To compensate for the autocorrelation existing among irregularly observed measures, a damped exponential correlation structure is employed. An efficient expectation maximization type algorithm is developed for computing the maximum likelihood estimates, obtaining as a by-product the standard errors of the fixed effects and the log-likelihood function. The proposed algorithm uses closed-form expressions at the E-step that rely on formulas for the mean and variance of a truncated multivariate Student’s t-distribution. The methodology is illustrated through an application to an Human Immunodeficiency Virus-AIDS (HIV-AIDS) study and several simulation studies.
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Novojenova, Rima, e Shlomo S. Sawilowsky. "MEASUREMENT OF INFLUENCE OF THE TEACHER'S PERSONALITY ON STUDENTS IN THE CLASSROOM". Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 27, n.º 5 (1 de janeiro de 1999): 533–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1999.27.5.533.
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The focus of this research is the assessment of pedagogical interaction as a dimension of the learning environment through the personal representation of a teacher in the student's personality, and the assessment of the nature and extent to which teachers are involved in changes of interpersonal dimensions of their student's personality. This was examined by the assessment of the shift in egograms of a teacher's students, as measured by the Interpersonal Check List (ICL). A 2 × 9 doubly multivariate repeated measures analysis of variance was conducted on the adult, parent, and child ego states as self-assessed by 187 students prior to the class period and after the class period, but still within the presence of the teacher. As hypothesized, the Time and the Class by Time results were statistically significant (p < .05), indicating a general preclass to postclass change in ego state. The multivariate effect sizes averaged about .065, which is subtle but detectible. The change in ego states were also significant (p = 0.018) when assessed by a singly-ordered row by column table, in terms of the number of students within each class who presented either an increase or decrease in the number of items representative of the Adult, Parent, or Child ego states on the ICL. The shift in ego state was also evidenced by the decrease (average Spearman's rho = .45) in pre-post correlation (i.e., with the teacher in the classroom), as compared with test-retest (i.e., study hall with no teacher present) correlation (average rho of .86) of ego states.
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Rio, Daniel E., Robert R. Rawlings, Lawrence A. Woltz, Jodi Gilman e Daniel W. Hommer. "Development of the Complex General Linear Model in the Fourier Domain: Application to fMRI Multiple Input-Output Evoked Responses for Single Subjects". Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/645043.
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A linear time-invariant model based on statistical time series analysis in the Fourier domain for single subjects is further developed and applied to functional MRI (fMRI) blood-oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) multivariate data. This methodology was originally developed to analyze multiple stimulus input evoked response BOLD data. However, to analyze clinical data generated using a repeated measures experimental design, the model has been extended to handle multivariate time series data and demonstrated on control and alcoholic subjects taken from data previously analyzed in the temporal domain. Analysis of BOLD data is typically carried out in the time domain where the data has a high temporal correlation. These analyses generally employ parametric models of the hemodynamic response function (HRF) where prewhitening of the data is attempted using autoregressive (AR) models for the noise. However, this data can be analyzed in the Fourier domain. Here, assumptions made on the noise structure are less restrictive, and hypothesis tests can be constructed based on voxel-specific nonparametric estimates of the hemodynamic transfer function (HRF in the Fourier domain). This is especially important for experimental designs involving multiple states (either stimulus or drug induced) that may alter the form of the response function.
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Lange, Isabel, Babak Alikhani, Frank Wacker e Hans-Juergen Raatschen. "Intraindividual variation of dose parameters in oncologic CT imaging". PLOS ONE 16, n.º 4 (23 de abril de 2021): e0250490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250490.
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The objective of this study is to identify essential aspects influencing radiation dose in computed tomography [CT] of the chest, abdomen and pelvis by intraindividual comparison of imaging parameters and patient related factors. All patients receiving at least two consecutive CT examinations for tumor staging or follow-up within a period of 22 months were included in this retrospective study. Different CT dose estimates (computed tomography dose index [CTDIvol], dose length product [DLP], size-specific dose estimate [SSDE]) were correlated with patient’s body mass index [BMI], scan length and technical parameters (tube current, tube voltage, pitch, noise level, level of iterative reconstruction). Repeated-measures-analysis was initiated with focus on response variables (CTDIvol, DLP, SSDE) and possible factors (age, BMI, noise, scan length, peak kilovoltage [kVp], tube current, pitch, adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction [ASIR]). A univariate-linear-mixed-model with repeated-measures-analysis followed by Bonferroni adjustments was used to find associations between CT imaging parameters, BMI and dose estimates followed by a subsequent multivariate-mixed-model with repeated-measures-analysis with Bonferroni adjustments for significant parameters. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. We found all dose estimates in all imaging regions were substantially affected by tube current. The iterative reconstruction significantly influenced all dose estimates in the thoracoabdominopelvic scans as well as DLP and SSDE in chest-CT. Pitch factor affected all dose parameters in the thoracoabdominopelvic CT group. These results provide further evidence that tube current has a pivotal role and potential in radiation dose management. The use of iterative reconstruction algorithms can substantially decrease radiation dose especially in thoracoabdominopelvic and chest-CT-scans. Pitch factor should be kept at a level of ≥1.0 in order to reduce radiation dose.
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BRUGHA, T. S., Z. MORGAN, P. BEBBINGTON, R. JENKINS, G. LEWIS, M. FARRELL e H. MELTZER. "Social support networks and type of neurotic symptom among adults in British households". Psychological Medicine 33, n.º 2 (fevereiro de 2003): 307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291702006505.
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Background. Current knowledge about associations between psychosocial factors and non-psychotic symptoms provide little information about their relationship to specific types of neurotic symptoms such as symptoms of fatigue, worry, phobic anxiety and obsessional symptoms.Method. The British National Survey of Psychiatric Morbidity was based on a cross-sectional random sample of 10108 householders. Neurotic symptoms were established by lay interviewers using the revised fully structured Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R). Subjects were asked about perceived social support, the size of their close primary social network and sociodemographic attributes. To assess possible associations between specific types of neurotic symptoms and psychosocial risk factors multivariate Huber logistic models (a modified form of repeated measures design modelling) was used taking account of correlation between symptom types and sampling design including clustering.Results. After controlling for sociodemographic factors the risk of having a high total CIS-R score ([ges ]12) was approximately doubled for both types of poor social functioning. Specific types of neurotic symptoms were associated both with a small primary group and with inadequate perceived social support. Depression, depressive ideas and panic symptoms had a higher prevalence in multivariate models. Poverty was associated with low support.Conclusions. Associations with deficiencies in social support and self-reported neurotic symptoms are better explained by symptom type and in particular by depression than by the total number of symptoms. If confirmed by longitudinal study findings this knowledge could be used to inform the development of interventions to improve social support in order to reduce specific neurotic symptom types.
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Tamme, Valdek, Peeter Muiste, Regino Kask, Allar Padari e Hannes Tamme. "Experimental study of electrode effects of resistance type electrodes for monitoring wood drying process above fibre saturation point / Elektroodefektide uurimine puidu kuivatamisel niiskussisaldustel üle kiu küllastuspunkti". Forestry Studies 56, n.º 1 (1 de junho de 2012): 42–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10132-012-0004-6.
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Abstract Due to practical need to improve the accuracy of measurement of wood electrical resistance via creating multivariate calibration models the study of electrode effects was carried out. The experiments were made in DC mode and five types of electrode effects were measured: electrical resistance of the galvanic contact between the measuring electrode and wood, corrosion of measuring electrodes in wet wood, polarization and depolarization of the double layer forming on the surface of the measuring electrodes, residual polarization voltage between measuring electrodes and effect of repeated use of measuring electrodes. For multi-channel measurement mode effect of neighbouring electrodes was measured. Behind each of these factors is a complex transfer mechanism of free and bounded charge carriers from wood to measuring electrodes. Among the factors, polarization and depolarization have an immediate effect (duration of the processes in seconds) while resistance of electrode/wood contact, corrosion of electrodes and residual polarization have a slow effect (duration of processes in hours). For pine sapwood, coefficients of the Stamm formula were found in moisture contents (MC) above the fibre saturation point. It was determined that wood polarization and depolarization indicators are dependent on wood moisture content as is the case with wood electrical resistance. Compared to wood electrical resistance, wood polarization proved approximately four times and depolarization approximately eight times less sensitive to moisture content variation.
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Stollings, Joanna L., Jennifer L. Thompson, Benjamin A. Ferrell, Mika Scheinin, Grant R. Wilkinson, Christopher G. Hughes, Ayumi K. Shintani et al. "Sedative Plasma Concentrations and Delirium Risk in Critical Illness". Annals of Pharmacotherapy 52, n.º 6 (24 de janeiro de 2018): 513–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1060028017753480.
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Background: The relationship between plasma concentration of sedatives and delirium is unknown. Objective: We hypothesized that higher plasma concentrations of lorazepam are associated with increased delirium risk, whereas higher plasma concentrations of dexmedetomidine are associated with reduced delirium risk. Methods: This prospective cohort study was embedded in a double-blind randomized clinical trial, where ventilated patients received infusions of lorazepam and dexmedetomidine. Plasma concentrations of these drugs and delirium assessments were measured at least daily. A multivariable logistic regression model accounting for repeated measures was used to analyze associations between same-day plasma concentrations of lorazepam and dexmedetomidine (exposures) and the likelihood of next-day delirium (outcome), adjusting for same-day mental status (delirium, coma, or normal) and same-day fentanyl doses. Results: This critically ill cohort (n = 103) had a median age of 60 years (IQR: 48-66) with APACHE II score of 28 (interquartile range [IQR] = 24-32), where randomization resulted in assignment to lorazepam (n = 51) or dexmedetomidine (n = 52). After adjusting for same-day fentanyl dose and mental status, higher plasma concentrations of lorazepam were associated with increased probability of next-day delirium (comparing 500 vs 0 ng/mL; odds ratio [OR] = 13.2; 95% CI = 1.4-120.1; P = 0.02). Plasma concentrations of dexmedetomidine were not associated with next-day delirium (comparing 1 vs 0 ng/mL; OR = 1.1; 95% CI = 0.9-1.3; P = 0.45). Conclusions: In critically ill patients, higher lorazepam plasma concentrations were associated with delirium, whereas dexmedetomidine plasma concentrations were not. This implies that the reduced delirium risk seen in patients sedated with dexmedetomidine may be a result of avoidance of benzodiazepines, rather than a dose-dependent protective effect of dexmedetomidine.
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Kunkel, Thilo, Jason P. Doyle, Daniel C. Funk, James Du e Heath McDonald. "The Development and Change of Brand Associations and Their Influence on Team Loyalty Over Time". Journal of Sport Management 30, n.º 2 (março de 2016): 117–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2015-0129.
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The importance of team brand associations in sport management research is well documented, but the formation and stability of these associations has not been investigated. The current research tested the development, change, and predictive ability of brand associations over time. Longitudinal quantitative data were collected from consumers of a new Australian Football League (AFL) team (N = 169) at 3 points in time. One-sample t-tests revealed that brand associations had developed through marketing communications and the launch of the team before the team had played its first AFL game. Repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance and latent growth modeling showed that brand associations changed over time, reflecting consumers’ experiences with the team. A cross-lagged panel model highlighted that brand associations influenced consumer loyalty in the future. Consequently, sport managers are provided with insights on the development of and change in brand associations that new consumers link with sport teams.
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Jaradat, Abdullah A. "Covariance Structures in Conventional and Organic Cropping Systems". International Journal of Agronomy 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/494026.
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Guidelines are needed to develop proper statistical analyses procedures and select appropriate models of covariance structures in response to expected temporal variation in long-term experiments. Cumulative yield, its temporal variance, and coefficient of variation were used in estimating and describing covariance structures in conventional and organic cropping systems of a long-term field experiment in a randomized complete block design. An 8-year database on 16 treatments (conventional and organic cropping systems, crop rotations, and tillage) was subjected to geostatistical, covariance structure, variance components, and repeated measures multivariate analyses using six covariance models under restricted maximum likelihood. Differential buildup of the cumulative effects due to crop rotations being repeated over time was demonstrated by decreasing structured and unstructured variances and increasing range estimates in the geostatistical analyses. The magnitude and direction of relationships between cumulative yield and its temporal variance, and coefficient of variation shaped the covariance structures of both cropping systems, crop rotations, and phases within crop rotations and resulted in significant deviations of organic management practices from their conventional counterparts. The unstructured covariance model was the best to fit most factor-variable combinations; it was the most flexible, but most costly in terms of computation time and number of estimated parameters.
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Sumekto, Didik Rinan. "The Effectiveness of Pre-Service English Teachers’ Collaborative Genre-Based Writing Feedback". Lingua Cultura 11, n.º 1 (31 de maio de 2017): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/lc.v11i1.1595.
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This study investigated the collaborative genre-based effectiveness among the pre-service English teachers (PSETs). Data collection used the genre-based writing feedback observation upon its reflection and instruction and need analysis questionnaire. The data analysis used multivariate statistics method to generalize the writing tests. The findings show that the PSETs’ feedback supported the interaction, accountability, and interdependence. These aspects are due to the collaborative participation in groups, in which the PSETs work with the flexibility, entirely performed the quality, and contributed in positive attitude during the meetings and assignments. The feedback emphasiz the learning improvement within the formative reflection through the general linear model (GLM) repeated measures analysis, where F=6,114 and p<0,01. This study concludes that the collaborative genre-based writing feedback has the positive response from the PSETs. The determinant ranges gains in between 85% to 90% after a series of genre-based writing lectures were conducted.
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Zou, Kelly H., Hongyan Du, Shawn Sidharthan, Lisa M. DeTora, Yunmei Chen, Ann B. Ragin, Robert R. Edelman e Ying Wu. "Statistical Evaluations of the Reproducibility and Reliability of 3-Tesla High Resolution Magnetization Transfer Brain Images: A Pilot Study on Healthy Subjects". International Journal of Biomedical Imaging 2010 (2010): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/618747.
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Magnetization transfer imaging (MT) may have considerable promise for early detection and monitoring of subtle brain changes before they are apparent on conventional magnetic resonance images. At 3 Tesla (T), MT affords higher resolution and increased tissue contrast associated with macromolecules. The reliability and reproducibility of a new high-resolution MT strategy were assessed in brain images acquired from 9 healthy subjects. Repeated measures were taken for 12 brain regions of interest (ROIs): genu, splenium, and the left and right hemispheres of the hippocampus, caudate, putamen, thalamus, and cerebral white matter. Spearman's correlation coefficient, coefficient of variation, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were computed. Multivariate mixed-effects regression models were used to fit the mean ROI values and to test the significance of the effects due to region, subject, observer, time, and manual repetition. A sensitivity analysis of various model specifications and the corresponding ICCs was conducted. Our statistical methods may be generalized to many similar evaluative studies of the reliability and reproducibility of various imaging modalities.
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Hogue, R. S., M. W. Schul, C. F. Dando e B. E. Erdman. "The effect of nitroglycerin ointment on great saphenous vein targeted venous access site diameter with endovenous laser treatment". Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 23, n.º 5 (outubro de 2008): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/phleb.2007.007076.
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Objectives To assess the effect of topically applied nitroglycerin (NTG) ointment (2%) on preoperative targeted venous access site great saphenous vein (GSV) diameter in patients undergoing endovenous laser treatment (ELT). Methods In this double-blinded randomized study design, 75 patients received either (A) treadmill ambulation only, (B) topically applied NTG ointment only, or (C) topically applied NTG ointment + treadmill ambulation. Targeted venous access vein diameters were measured before therapeutic intervention and then repeated after approximately 30 min following pretreatment intervention. Presence of venospasm and the number of ultrasound-guided venous access attempts during each ELT procedure were assessed during the study. Results The mean pretreatment vein diameter was 2.6 mm (range 0.9–4.9 mm). The post-treatment percentage change in vein diameter for group A (treadmill ambulation only) was +2.7% ( P = 0.403), whereas group B (NTG only) and group C (NTG + treadmill ambulation) demonstrated significant venodilatation of +69.0% ( P < 0.0001) and +51.7% ( P < 0.0001), respectively. Statistical analysis of variances and multivariate linear regression model revealed topically applied NTG ointment and ‘C’ classification of clinical, aetiological, anatomical and pathological elements (CEAP) were each significant predictors for venodilatation percentage change ( P < 0.001 and = 0.028, respectively). Conclusion Pretreatment with topically applied NTG ointment (2%) produced a statistically significant, as well as subjective clinically significant venodilatation change in the targeted venous access site diameter of patients undergoing ELT of the GSV in this study.
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Mathias, S. A., A. P. Butler, T. C. Atkinson, S. Kachi e R. S. Ward. "A parameter identifiability study of two chalk tracer tests". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 3, n.º 4 (29 de agosto de 2006): 2437–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-3-2437-2006.
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Abstract. As with most fractured rock formations, Chalk is highly heterogeneous. Therefore, meaningful estimates of model parameters must be obtained at a scale comparable with the process of concern. These are frequently obtained by calibrating an appropriate model to observed concentration-time data from radially convergent tracer tests (RCTT). Arguably, an appropriate model should consider radially convergent dispersion (RCD) and Fickian matrix diffusion. Such a model requires the estimation of at least four parameters. A question arises as to whether or not this level of model complexity is supported by the information contained within the calibration data. Generally modellers have not answered this question due to the calibration techniques employed. A dual-porosity model with RCD was calibrated to two tracer test datasets from different UK Chalk aquifers. A multivariate sensitivity analysis, which assumed only a priori upper and lower bounds for each model parameter, was undertaken. Rather than looking at measures of uncertainty, the shape of the multivariate objective function surface was used to determine whether a parameter was identifiable. Non-identifiable parameters were then removed and the procedure was repeated until all remaining parameters were identifiable. It was found that the single fracture model (SFM) (which ignores mechanical dispersion) obtained the best mass recovery, excellent model performance and best parameter identifiability in both the tests studied. However, there was no objective evidence suggesting that mechanical dispersion was negligible. Moreover, the SFM (with just two parameters) was found to be good at approximating the Single Fracture Dispersion Model SFDM (with three parameters) when different, and potentially erroneous parameters, were used. Overall, this study emphasises the importance of adequate temporal sampling of breakthrough curve data prior to peak concentrations, to ensure adequate characterisation of mechanical dispersion processes, and continued monitoring afterwards, to ensure adequate characterisation of fracture spacing (where possible), when parameterising dual-porosity solute transport models.
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Livacic-Rojas, Pablo, Guillermo Vallejo, Paula Fernández e Ellián Tuero-Herrero. "Power of Modified Brown-Forsythe and Mixed-Model Approaches in Split-Plot Designs". Methodology 13, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2017): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241/a000124.
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Abstract. Low precision of the inferences of data analyzed with univariate or multivariate models of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in repeated-measures design is associated to the absence of normality distribution of data, nonspherical covariance structures and free variation of the variance and covariance, the lack of knowledge of the error structure underlying the data, and the wrong choice of covariance structure from different selectors. In this study, levels of statistical power presented the Modified Brown Forsythe (MBF) and two procedures with the Mixed-Model Approaches (the Akaike’s Criterion, the Correctly Identified Model [CIM]) are compared. The data were analyzed using Monte Carlo simulation method with the statistical package SAS 9.2, a split-plot design, and considering six manipulated variables. The results show that the procedures exhibit high statistical power levels for within and interactional effects, and moderate and low levels for the between-groups effects under the different conditions analyzed. For the latter, only the Modified Brown Forsythe shows high level of power mainly for groups with 30 cases and Unstructured (UN) and Autoregressive Heterogeneity (ARH) matrices. For this reason, we recommend using this procedure since it exhibits higher levels of power for all effects and does not require a matrix type that underlies the structure of the data. Future research needs to be done in order to compare the power with corrected selectors using single-level and multilevel designs for fixed and random effects.
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Von Berg, Shelley, Douglas McColl e Tami Brancamp. "Moebius Syndrome: Measures of Observer Intelligibility with versus without Visual Cues in Bilateral Facial Paralysis". Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 44, n.º 5 (setembro de 2007): 518–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/06-071.1.
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Objective: This study investigated observers’ intelligibility for the spoken output of an individual with Moebius syndrome (MoS) with and without visual cues. Design: An audiovisual recording of the speaker's output was obtained for 50 Speech Intelligibility in Noise sentences consisting of 25 high predictability and 25 low predictability sentences. Stimuli were presented to observers under two conditions: audiovisual and audio only. Data were analyzed using a multivariate repeated measures model. Observers: Twenty students and faculty affiliated with the Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology at the University of Nevada, Reno. Results: ANOVA mixed design revealed that intelligibility for the audio condition only was significantly greater than intelligibility for the audiovisual condition; and accuracy for high predictability sentences was significantly greater than accuracy for low predictability sentences. Conclusions: The compensatory substitutional placements for phonemes produced by MoS speakers may detract from the intelligibility of speech. This is similar to the McGurk-MacDonald effect, whereby an illusory auditory signal is perceived when visual information from lip movements does not match the auditory information from speech. It also suggests that observers use contextual clues, more than the acoustic signal alone, to arrive at the accurate recognition of the message of the speakers with MoS. Therefore, speakers with MoS should be counseled in the top-down approach of auditory closure. When the speech signal is degraded, predictable messages are more easily understood than unpredictable ones. It is also important to confirm the speaking partner's understanding of the topic before proceeding.
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Livanis, Grigorios, Christopher J. Robertson, Khalid M. Al-Shuaibi e Khalid Hussain. "Outsourcing destination choices: the role of economic and cultural attributes". International Marketing Review 33, n.º 1 (8 de fevereiro de 2016): 51–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-05-2014-0179.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how country-of-origin (COO) perceptions of managers affect their provider selection for offshoring and offshore-outsourcing of services. In particular, it examines how economic and cultural attributes of the supplier’s host nation shape these choices and identifies whether these attributes have a substitutive, complementary, or competing relationship. Design/methodology/approach – A quantitative study was performed using data collected from 235 managers in Saudi Arabia, which has relatively homogeneous managerial population with a clear significant cultural attribute and so presents an ideal setting to study the theory developed in this paper. Data were analyzed using a repeated-measures analysis of variance and a repeated-measures and doubly multivariate analysis of variance. Findings – Building on signaling theory, it is shown that buyers from developing countries prefer suppliers from developed rather than culturally distant developing economies as stronger institutions in developed nations increase the credibility of firms. It is also shown that they prefer suppliers from developing countries that share a common cultural attribute such as religion over other developing countries, supporting social identification behavior and a substitutive relationship between cultural and economic attributes. Finally, they are indifferent between suppliers located in a developed and in a culturally similar developing country, even when the cost of obtaining the service is the same in both countries. In such cases, economic and cultural COO attributes have a competing relationship in provider selection. Research limitations/implications – It would be interesting to examine if the results of the current study extend to cultural attributes/cues other than religion that may shrink the social distance between buyers and suppliers. Practical implications – Service multinationals from developing countries may struggle to establish credibility in the eyes of potential customers, who consistently evaluate them lower than firms in developed markets or firms from developing countries that share a common social trait with the potential customers. They can compensate for this by adopting policies that enhance pre-contract trust, invest in homogeneity capital that decreases the social distance between the two firms, or by focussing their sales efforts on countries with which they share a social/cultural attribute. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the marketing and international business literatures by providing insights on how firms from developing countries can effectively compete in the global marketplace given COO effects. Overall, the results provide novel evidence of the importance of co-membership in transnational communities (for instance, religious groups across countries) in supplier selection and its relationship to economic attributes.
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Tripathy, Debu, Tristan Curteis, Sara A. Hurvitz, Denise A. Yardley, Fabio Franke, Govind Babu Kanakasetty, Paul Wheatley-Price et al. "Correlation between work productivity loss (WPL) and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30) domains from the MONALEESA-7 (ML-7) trial of premenopausal women with HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer (ABC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, n.º 15_suppl (20 de maio de 2021): 1051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.1051.
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1051 Background: The international, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase III ML-7 trial (NCT02278120) assessed ribociclib + endocrine therapy (ET) vs ET alone in premenopausal women with HR+/HER2– ABC. To our knowledge, the relationship between WPL and domains of the EORTC QLQ-C30 and the tumor-specific module for breast cancer (QLQ-BR23) has not been explored in ABC. In this post hoc analysis (data cutoff, November 30, 2018) of all patients (pts) enrolled in ML-7, we assessed the correlation between the WPL component of the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment: General Health (WPAI:GH) questionnaire and domains of the EORTC QLQ-C30/BR23. Methods: We analyzed EORTC and WPAI:GH data from all pts enrolled in ML-7 who were employed at any point during the trial (N = 329 of 672 total pts). Domains of the EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BR23 that had the greatest correlation (pairwise Pearson correlation) with WPL were prioritized for analysis. Separate univariable mixed-model repeated-measures regression models were fitted for each domain, with WPL as the dependent variable and each EORTC domain as a single fixed-effect covariate. Linear and quadratic relationships were considered. Model selection was based on the Akaike information criterion (AIC). Results: Linear models were favored over quadratic models. WPL was negatively correlated with global health status (GHS) and the physical, role, social, and emotional functioning domains and was positively correlated with the fatigue and pain domains of the QLQ-C30 ( P <.001; Table). The coefficients indicated the estimated mean change in WPL was associated with a 1-unit increase in each QLQ-C30 domain. For example, a 10-point increase in GHS was associated with an estimated mean decrease of 7.8% (95% CI, 7.1%-8.5%) in WPL. Conclusions: Greater WPL was associated with higher levels of fatigue and pain and with lower levels of overall quality of life and physical, role, social, and emotional functioning among pts with HR+/HER2− ABC in ML-7. Further investigation of the correlation with QLQ-BR23 and multivariable analysis could determine which EORTC domains and items independently drive these findings. Clinical trial information: NCT02278120 .[Table: see text]
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Lim, Nicole C., Victor M. Pedro e Elena Oggero. "CORTICAL INTEGRATIVE THERAPY FOR THE TREATMENT OF MIGRAINES AND HEADACHES". Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation 57, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 2021): 168–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.34107/yhpn9422.04168.
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Migraine is a common neurological disorder that is characterized by a host of symptoms including severe throbbing headaches. In this retrospective chart review, the effectiveness of Cortical Integrative Therapy (PedroCIT®) was examined in adults with migraines. Multivariate General Linear Model (M-GLM) was utilized to determine if the emotional, functional, and overall difficulties, as well as the intensity of pain experienced with headaches decreased from before to after PedroCIT® treatment in individuals with mild to complete disability resulting from headaches. Repeated Measures General Linear Model (RM-GLM) was also used to investigate if postural stability increased from pre- to post-treatment. The results of the M-GLM showed that PedroCIT® was effective in reducing emotional, functional, overall disability, and intensity of pain resulting from headaches. Furthermore, RM-GLM indicated that patients who underwent PedroCIT® improved their postural stability from pre- to post-treatment. Finally, the findings also showed that the duration of the treatment did not have any effect among patients with varied degrees of headache disability. This study illustrates the effectiveness of PedroCIT® in the treatment of headaches and postural instability in migraine patients.
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Hampton, BSN, Kathryn, Eric Wang, BSN, Jerome Ivan Argame, BSN, Tom Bateman, BSN, William Craig, DNP, CRNA e Don Johnson, PhD. "The effects of tibial intraosseous versus intravenous amiodarone administration in a hypovolemic cardiac arrest procine model". American Journal of Disaster Medicine 11, n.º 4 (1 de outubro de 2016): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2016.0247.
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Objective: This study compared the effects of amiodarone via tibial intraosseous (TIO) and intravenous (IV) routes on return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), time to ROSC, maximum drug concentration (Cmax), time to maximum concentration (Tmax), and mean concentrations over time in a hypovolemic cardiac arrest model.Design: Prospective, between subjects, randomized experimental design.Setting: TriService Research Facility.Subjects: Yorkshire-cross swine (n = 28).Intervention: Swine were anesthetized and placed into cardiac arrest. After 2 minutes, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was initiated. After an additional 2 minute, 300 mg of amiodarone were administered via the TIO or the IV route. Blood samples were collected over 5 minutes. The plasma concentrations were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.Main Outcome Measurements: ROSC, time to ROSC, Cmax, Tmax, and mean concentrations over time.Results: A multivariate analysis of variance indicated that there were no significant differences in the TIO and IV groups in ROSC (p = 0.515), time to ROSC (p = 0.300), Cmax (p = 0.291), or Tmax (p = 0.475). The mean Cmax of the TIO group was 56,292 ± 11,504 ng/mL compared to 74,258 ± 11,504 ng/mL for the IV group. The Tmax for TIO and IV groups were 120 ± 25 and 94 ± 25, respectively. A repeated measures analysis of variance indicated that there were no significant differences between the groups relative to concentrations over time (p 0.05).Conclusion: The TIO provides rapid and reliable access to administer lifesaving medications during cardiac arrest.
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MacPherson, Hugh, Helen Tilbrook, Deborah Agbedjro, Hannah Buckley, Catherine Hewitt e Chris Frost. "Acupuncture for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: 2-Year Follow-Up of a Randomised Controlled Trial". Acupuncture in Medicine 35, n.º 1 (fevereiro de 2017): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/acupmed-2015-010854.
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Background A recent randomised controlled trial (RCT) of acupuncture as a treatment for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) demonstrated sustained benefits over a period of 12 months post-randomisation. Aim To extend the trial follow-up to evaluate the effects of acupuncture at 24 months post-randomisation. Methods Patients in primary care with ongoing IBS were recruited to a two-arm pragmatic RCT of acupuncture for IBS. Participants were randomised to the offer of up to 10 weekly sessions of acupuncture plus usual care (n=116 patients) or to continue with usual care alone (n=117). The primary outcome was the self-reported IBS symptom severity score (IBS SSS) measured at 24 months post-randomisation. Analysis was by intention-to-treat using an unstructured multivariate linear model incorporating all repeated measures. Results The overall response rate was 61%. The adjusted difference in mean IBS SSS at 24 months was −18.28 (95% CI −40.95 to 4.40) in favour of the acupuncture arm. Differences at earlier time points estimated from the multivariate model were: −27.27 (−47.69 to −6.86) at 3 months; −23.69 (−45.17 to −2.21) at 6 months; −24.09 (−45.59 to −2.59) at 9 months; and −23.06 (−44.52 to −1.59) at 12 months. Conclusions There were no statistically significant differences between the acupuncture and usual care groups in IBS SSS at 24 months post-randomisation, and the point estimate for the mean difference was approximately 80% of the size of the statistically significant results seen at 6, 9 and 12 months. Trial registration number ISRCTN08827905.
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Alhumaid, Majed M., Selina Khoo e Tânia Bastos. "Self-Efficacy of Pre-Service Physical Education Teachers Toward Inclusion in Saudi Arabia". Sustainability 12, n.º 9 (10 de maio de 2020): 3898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093898.
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This study aims to determine the differences in levels of self-efficacy toward inclusion in general physical education (PE) classes among Saudi pre-service PE teachers. It also aims to evaluate the effect of independent variables with the covariate of attitude scores on participants’ self-efficacy toward including students with intellectual disabilities (ID), physical disabilities (PD), and visual impairments (VI). In total, 260 pre-service PE teachers enrolled in a university in Saudi Arabia completed the Arabic version of the self-efficacy scale for a physical education teacher education major toward children with disabilities. Repeated-measures multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) revealed that self-efficacy was highest towards including students with intellectual disability in general PE class and lowest towards students with physical disabilities. Having previous experience of observing a PE teacher teaching a student with a disability significantly influenced participants’ self-efficacy. Participants’ attitudes toward inclusion were only significant with participants’ self-efficacy toward students with physical disabilities. The findings suggest that observing a role model significantly predicts self-efficacy toward the inclusion of students with a disability.
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Amos, Atsiya, e Atsiya Pius. "INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE AND MATERNAL HEALTH IN NIGERIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR CORONAVIRUS DISEASE (COVID 19) LOCKDOWN MEASURE". International Journal of Advanced Studies in Business Strategies and Management 8, n.º 1 (21 de dezembro de 2020): 40–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.48028/iiprds/ijasbsm.v8.i1.04.
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A very recent article published in The Guardian (2020) reported on how the surge of domestic violence cases is a pattern being repeated A very recent article published in The Guardian (2020) reported on how the surge of domestic violence cases is a pattern being repeated very recent article published in The Guardian (2020) reported on how the surge of domestic violence cases is a pattern being repeated Among measures recommended by the World Health organization to stem the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus is the restriction of population movement (lockdown). With the lockdown, there appear to be a global surge in intimate partner violence (IPV) and how this impact on maternal health is the motivation for this study. Understanding IPV and how it influences maternal health, within an economic framework will be potentially relevant especially with the increasing use of lockdown to curb the surge of the virus. In this study, we identify factors of domestic violence against women within couples who were currently in marital or cohabiting partnerships. Also, we investigate whether domestic violence influences the decision of women to terminate pregnancies. We use data from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). Multivariate logistic regressions were used to model the predictors of domestic violence, and its influence on the decision to terminate pregnancies among married women. Of the 8,910 married women interviewed for domestic violence, 35.33% had ever experienced a form of domestic violence. We discover that having higher education, not being poor, and residing in urban areas reduce the odds of women experiencing domestic violence. Further, findings from the study indicate that women who own land, and whose husbands use alcohol have increased odds of experiencing domestic violence. Also, the results suggest that currently married women experiencing domestic violence have 1.25 times increased odds of terminating pregnancies compared with their counterparts that are not experiencing domestic violence. Our results suggest the implementation of short-term measures to address the issues of poverty and alcohol consumption during lockdown periods. Long-term measures could include legislations supporting compulsory girl-child education and criminalising all forms of domestic violence. Importantly, public actions to contain domestic violence in order to improve maternal health should be implemented in the context of the dynamics of a non-cooperative relationship existing between married couples.
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Talbot, France, Gregory E. Harris e Douglas J. French. "Treatment Outcome in Psychiatric Inpatients: The Discriminative Value of Self-Esteem". International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 39, n.º 3 (setembro de 2009): 227–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/pm.39.3.b.
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Self-esteem has been identified as an important clinical variable within various psychological and psychiatric conditions. Surprisingly, its prognostic and discriminative value in predicting treatment outcome has been understudied. Objective: The current study aims to assess, in an acute psychiatric setting, the comparative role of self-esteem in predicting treatment outcome in depression, anxiety, and global symptom severity, while controlling for socio-demographic variables, pre-treatment symptom severity, and personality pathology. Design: Treatment outcome was assessed with pre- and post-treatment measures. Method: A heterogeneous convenience sample of 63 psychiatric inpatients completed upon admission and discharge self-report measures of depression, anxiety, global symptom severity, and self-esteem. Results: A significant one-way repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) followed up by analyses of variance (ANOVAs) revealed significant reductions in depression (η2 = .72), anxiety (η2 = .55), and overall psychological distress (η2 = .60). Multiple regression analyses suggested that self-esteem was a significant predictor of short-term outcome in depression but not for anxiety or overall severity of psychiatric symptoms. The regression model predicting depression outcome explained 32% of the variance with only pre-treatment self-esteem contributing significantly to the prediction. Conclusions: The current study lends support to the importance of self-esteem as a pre-treatment patient variable predictive of psychiatric inpatient treatment outcome in relation with depressive symptomatology. Generalization to patient groups with specific diagnoses is limited due to the heterogeneous nature of the population sampled and the treatments provided. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed.
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Lestari, Purwaning Budi, e Triasih Wahyu Hartati. "PENGARUH BAHAN AJAR MIKROBIOLOGI BERBASIS INKUIRI TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS MAHASISWA IKIP BUDI UTOMO MALANG". Edubiotik : Jurnal Pendidikan, Biologi dan Terapan 4, n.º 01 (5 de julho de 2019): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33503/ebio.v4i01.307.
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The lack of availability of inquiry-based teaching materials causes student thinking to be less systematic. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of inquiry-based microbiology teaching materials on students' critical thinking skills at IKIP Budi Utomo. This type of research is quasi-experiment with testing validity using the bivariate correlation method according to Pearson, while reliability testing uses the Cronbach Alpha method. The pretest values were tested using the t-test for free samples, while the difference between pretest and posttest in the trial class was analyzed using the General Linear Model (GLM) - Repeated Measures. Posttest value difference, the value of critical thinking skills, using the General Linear Model (GLM) - Multivariate. The results of the study showed that there was a significant influence between the development of inquiry-based instructional materials on students' thinking skills. This is shown to be significant at 0,000. In addition, there are meaningful differences in critical thinking skills, there are also mean differences of 19,000 for the control class and 23.4285 in the treatment class. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that there is an influence of inquiry-based microbiology teaching materials on the critical thinking ability of Budi Utomo IKIP students.
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Yao, Wei-Rong, Shou-Ping Xu, Bo Liu, Xiu-Tang Cao, Gang Ren, Lei Du, Fu-Gen Zhou et al. "Replanning Criteria and Timing Definition for Parotid Protection-Based Adaptive Radiation Therapy in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma". BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/476383.
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The goal of this study was to evaluate real-time volumetric and dosimetric changes of the parotid gland so as to determine replanning criteria and timing for parotid protection-based adaptive radiation therapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Fifty NPC patients were treated with helical tomotherapy; volumetric and dosimetric (Dmean,V1, andD50) changes of the parotid gland at the 1st, 6th, 11th, 16th, 21st, 26th, 31st, and 33rd fractions were evaluated. The clinical parameters affecting these changes were studied by analyses of variance methods for repeated measures. Factors influencing the actual parotid dose were analyzed by a multivariate logistic regression model. The cut-off values predicting parotid overdose were developed from receiver operating characteristic curves and judged by combining them with a diagnostic test consistency check. The median absolute value and percentage of parotid volume reduction were 19.51 cm3and 35%, respectively. The interweekly parotid volume varied significantly (p<0.05). The parotidDmean,V1, andD50increased by 22.13%, 39.42%, and 48.45%, respectively. The actual parotid dose increased by an average of 11.38% at the end of radiation therapy. Initial parotid volume, initial parotidDmean, and weight loss rate are valuable indicators for parotid protection-based replanning.