Bibliografias temáticas / Economic Adjustment Programme

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Economic Adjustment Programme"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 9 de setembro de 2021

Última modificação: 7 de fevereiro de 2022

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Economic Adjustment Programme"

Ghosh, Arun. "Economic Adjustment: A Programme for the Medium Term". Social Scientist 20, n.º 1/2 (janeiro de 1992): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3517539.

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Ekpenyong, Stephen. "The Structural Adjustment Programme and the Elderly in Nigeria". International Journal of Aging and Human Development 41, n.º 4 (dezembro de 1995): 267–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/78cu-0auh-3bgw-pthn.

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The article analyzes the impact of recent economic changes accompanying the introduction of the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) and ongoing cultural styles on the aged in Nigeria. It argues that during the one decade preceding the introduction of SAP in 1986, Nigeria experienced significant social and economic transformations made possible by the rise in oil prices in the 1970s. The introduction of SAP has also been accompanied by significant social, cultural, and economic changes. Here the effects of these changes on the situation of the elderly in Nigeria are examined using data pooled from observations and surveys in both the pre- and post-SAP years. Findings reveal that compared to the younger generations, the relative position of the elderly has not changed significantly, although the latter's position has deteriorated on dimensions such as access to economic and health resources. Regional and individual differentials in the situation of old people are significant during both the pre- and post-SAP era.

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Efthimiadis, T., S. Papaioannou e P. Tsintzos. "Economic growth in Greece: the cost of a failed adjustment programme". Applied Economics Letters 20, n.º 11 (julho de 2013): 1076–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2013.783679.

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Neves, Maria Elisabete, Zélia Serrasqueiro, António Dias e Cristina Hermano. "Capital structure decisions in a period of economic intervention". International Journal of Accounting & Information Management 28, n.º 3 (9 de março de 2020): 465–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijaim-08-2019-0094.

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Purpose This paper aims to analyse the Portuguese companies’ determinants of capital structure. To reach this objective, the authors used data from 37 non-financial Portuguese large enterprises and from 4,233 non-financial small and medium enterprises for the period 2010-2016. Additionally, the authors selected a sub-period from 2010 to 2014 for a deeper understanding of the impact of the sovereign debt crisis and the Economic Adjustment Programme of Troika on the capital structure of those companies. Design/methodology/approach Three dependent variables were tested according to debt maturity, and a dynamic panel data model, namely, the generalised method of moments system estimator, was used to test the formulated research hypotheses following Arellano and Bover (1995) and Blundell and Bond (1998) to capture the dynamic nature of the firm’s capital structure decisions. Findings In general, the results point out that the capital structure decisions depend on a set of firm-specific factors, and that the effects of the determinants of the debt maturity ratios differ according to the type of firm, i.e. large/small firms, and the economic cycle. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that has been carried out in Portugal by using two samples of large and small companies for analysing the effects of the Economic Adjustment Programme of Troika on the capital structure of companies. The authors seek to understand which type of companies suffered more because of the effects of the Economic Adjustment Programme of Troika during this period, and which are the capital structure determinants that present greater change. Contrary to what might be expected, large companies are the firms that suffer most from the Economic Adjustment Programme. Probably, because these companies are the most immediate, most scrutinised and those that must show abroad that the bank did not fund them in the long term, because of the imposition and limits to grant credit faced by the banks themselves.

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Kyriopoulos, Ilias, Zlatko Nikoloski e Elias Mossialos. "The impact of the Greek economic adjustment programme on household health expenditure". Social Science & Medicine 222 (fevereiro de 2019): 274–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.01.021.

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Bawumia, Mahamudu. "Understanding the rural–urban voting patterns in the 1992 Ghanaian presidential election. A closer look at the distributional impact of Ghana's Structural Adjustment Programme". Journal of Modern African Studies 36, n.º 1 (março de 1998): 47–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x97002632.

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This article attempts to explain the rural–urban voting patterns in the 1992 Ghanaian presidential election. In this election, rural voters voted overwhelmingly for the incumbent and urban voters did the opposite. It is argued that Ghana's Structural Adjustment Programme (1983–92) was distributionally favourable to rural households and unfavourable to urban households. A link is therefore drawn between the distributional impacts of the Structural Adjustment Programme and the voting patterns of rural and urban households.The relationship between the state of the economy and the fortunes of political parties at the polls is one which has generated a lot of debate. This debate has largely taken place within the confines of Western democracies, not least because of the absence of Western-style democracy in many developing countries. We are, however, seeing a movement towards ‘democracy’ in many developing countries, with pressures for economic liberalisation going hand in glove with those for political liberalisation. The increasing democratisation by many African countries undertaking Structural Adjustment Programmes provides us with an opportunity to investigate the relationships between the welfare implications of these programmes and the voting behaviour of the electorate. Is voting behaviour in Africa any different from that in Western democracies?

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Owusu, J. Henry. "Determinants of export-oriented industrial output in Ghana: the case of formal wood processing in an era of economic recovery". Journal of Modern African Studies 39, n.º 1 (março de 2001): 51–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x01003524.

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Like many other Sub-Saharan African countries, Ghana implemented an orthodox Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP), to resuscitate its ailing economy, in the early 1980s. Subsequently, there has been a dramatic expansion in the production and export of processed wood. Based on an empirical study of Ghana's formal wood processing industry, this paper discusses the various determinants that have combined to boost the export-oriented output in the industry, particularly in the first decade of the programme, and assesses the extent to which the SAP-based policy actions account for the change. The study concludes that adjustment played a major role in the change, and suggests that even though SAP supporters and critics disagree on the nature, dynamics and effects of the programme, government measures under the programme are an indicator of what real commitment on the part of African governments can do to engender production expansion in comparable African manufacturing industries.

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Igbedioh, S. O. "Sustaining Nutrition Security in Africa under Changing Socio-Economic". Nutrition and Health 10, n.º 1 (julho de 1994): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026010609401000101.

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The adoption and implementation of the structural adjustment programme (SAP) in the 1980's by many African countries as a strategy for economic recovery has increased the magnitude of hunger and protein-energy malnutrition, vitamin A deficiency and anaemia. In addition population growth rate has continued to outstrip the food supply at a time when real income value has fallen, thereby diminishing further the access of the poor to nutritious food. Even though Africa's present food supply situation is inadequate and in some cases unsustainable it is reassuring to note that Africa can feed itself provided the potential of doing so is mobilized and sustained. This paper proposes and highlights strategies for the development of a nutrition strategy and nutrition education programmes with emphasis on nutrition programmes which benefit the vulnerables. The paper further proposes that specific policies should be targeted at the poor while instituting food subsidies schemes for those who are most at risk nutritionally.

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de Almeida, João Ramos, José Castro Caldas e Ana Costa. "Fabricating consent for an ‘adjustment programme’: Crisis narratives of economic journalists in Portugal". Journal of Greek Media & Culture 4, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 2018): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jgmc.4.1.27_1.

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Dall'Acqua, Fernando M. "Economic Adjustment and Nutrition Policies: Evaluation of a School-Lunch Programme in Brazil". Food and Nutrition Bulletin 13, n.º 3 (setembro de 1991): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659101300315.

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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Economic Adjustment Programme"

Ncube, Douglas. "A country-specific economic structural adjustment programme model for the acgricultural sector : a case study of Zimbabwe". Thesis, University of Derby, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/200673.

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Traditionally, agriculture has been one of the mainstays of Sub-Saharan African (SSA) economies and plays a pivotal and vital role in economic activity and development (Westlake, 1994). Africa has been a net importer of foodstuffs over the last thirty years (Smith, 1999). This led the donor community to spotlight the agricultural sector as an area where reforms were badly needed. Since the 1970s the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank (WB) have driven Economic Structural Adjustment Programmes (ESAP) in SSA with varying degrees of success (FAO, 1988). Zimbabwe's independence, in 1980, coincided with the start of the first decade of structural adjustment in SSA.

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Munjoma, Thomas. "Property investment under an economic structural adjustment programme : the case of the Harare Central Business District office development". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1999. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU117158.

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In Zimbabwe, the Economic Structural Adjustment Programme (ESAP) was introduced in 1991, at which time, intense office development activities started in the Harare City Centre. The fundamental aim of this study, therefore, was to identify and explain the driving forces behind office development activities in the Harare City Centre during ESAP (1991-5). Effort was made to reveal the effects of ESAP on the office development process. Three hypotheses from neo-classical (supply and demand), Marxist structuralism (circuits of capital) and structuration (structure and agency) perspectives were proposed to identify and explain the forces driving office development in the Harare City Centre during ESAP. Twenty-four development sites formed the population of properties identified for the study, of which six were selected for detailed examination. This research established that during the early phases of ESAP, demand for office space was fairly robust. With further property development, full occupation of the new space could be achieved only through tenant relocations and 'sweetheart' deals to seduce tenants into occupying new offices. Direct foreign participation in the Harare office development was not significant at all. That was mainly due to a combination of prohibitive legislation relating to foreign investment in property, and the failure of Zimbabwe to compete as an attractive investment destination for global capital. However, important structural changes such as planning policy and practice, reduction of the prescribed asset ratios of institutional investments, increases in inflation and so forth, were identified. Historically, institutional investors were underweight in property and, therefore, used the opportunity to select properties consistent with their long term objectives. It was concluded that the structure and agency approach presented an explanation of the Harare Office development superior to that of the other perspectives. Although ESAP facilitated the procurement of world class facilities and finishes, it had negative implications for the construction industry through high inflation, increases in building costs, the closure of firms and general economic decline.

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Dasah, Bernard Zori. "Neoclassical economics and the role of information, communication, and culture in socio-economic development : a case study of the structural adjustment programme in Ghana". Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35999.

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For close to two decades the leading international financial organizations, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, have imposed their structural adjustment programme on Third World countries, notably in Sub-Saharan African, creating forms of neoclassical financial management at an unsurpassed rate. However, the thesis argues that this approach does not distinguish adequately between policies favourable to the growth and prosperity of developed countries and those pertaining to developing countries in part because the paradigm has an impoverished notion of information, communication, and culture. By fostering this economic paradigm in developing countries, these organizations may, in effect, be imposing an inconsistent model on them in many respects. This thesis explores this conundrum with particular reference to the model's concepts of information, communication, and culture and the consequences of these concepts on the application of the model in Sub-Saharan Africa, specifically in Ghana.
The thesis employs case studies to demonstrate the impact of cultural imperatives on the neoclassical economic concepts of efficiency of competition, trade liberalization, currency devaluation, public expenditure reduction, and privatization promoted by the structural adjustment programme. It suggests that some of the failures of the programme may be ascribed to the great differences between the imperatives of neoclassical economics and the cultural realities of Sub-Saharan Africa.
The thesis takes the position that the incorporation of an understanding of culture and economy similar to that of the communicologists' holistic and wider perspective on economics and economic systems would ameliorate many weaknesses of the structural adjustment programmes of the IMF and the World Bank and enhance the effectiveness of future structural adjustment programmes.

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Dasah, Bernard Z. "Neoclassical economics and the role of information, communication, and culture in socio-economic development, a case study of the structural adjustment programme in Ghana". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0018/NQ55318.pdf.

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Pornwilassiri, Saowalak. "The impact of Economic Reform and Structural Adjustment Programme (ERSAP) and privatisation policy on the role of Egyptian professional women from 1991-2000". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249067.

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Lehloesa, Thembinkosi L. "South Africa's growth, employment and redistribution strategy in the context of structural adjustment programmes in the South". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003004.

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This study is a contribution to the ongoing debate concerning the future of South Africa’s macro-economic policy known as the Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR) strategy. The study attempts to draw parallels between the GEAR macro-economic policy framework and structural adjustment programmes in the South. By making use of this comparison, the study argues that the outcome of the GEAR will be no different from structural adjustment programmes in that it will fail to reduce poverty and cause government to meet the basic needs of the people. These conclusions are drawn from the fact that the GEAR policy is premised on the faith that the market is capable of redistributing income and wealth, and providing people with their basic needs.

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Gajadar, B. "Economic adjustment programmes and the export sector of Guyana 1962-83". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233750.

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Efforts to diversify the colonial economy in Guyana after 1966 were unsuccessful. With the oil shock of 1973, and falling commodity prices after 1975, the economy became unstable. This instability is expressed in large balance of payments deficits, deficit financing, lower export levels and a rise in inflation. Policies to restore economic stability involved the implementation of stabilisation and structural adjustment programmes between 1977-84, with the participation of the IMF and World Bank. The objective is to investigate factors affecting economic stabilisation of both domestic prices and the balance of payments Emphasis is placed on the study of aggregate supply, which examines . the behaviour of exports and inflation. These two factors are linked to the balance of payments. The assumption is made that exports are influenced by supply variables, such as domestic output, international prices, labour costs and movements in the exchange rate. The analysis of exports reveals that their response is delayed and inelastic to changes in price and other factors. This is consistent with estimates for primary commodity exports from small low income countries. The partial adjustment/adaptive expectations model provides satisfactory evidence for the behaviour of commodity exports, except in the case of sugar. For sugar an export supply function is estimated. The analysis of inflation reveals that external influences are more dominant than domestic factors in the inflationary process. The results suggest that the supply response for all commodities is slow in the short run, but may be faster in the long run. This implies that the implementation of appropriate stabilisation policies may be able to improve the deficit in the balance of payments, but that lags may exist in the adjustment process. The constraining factors would be increased labour costs in the export sector and higher import prices for industrial inputs.

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Berolsky, Nuno Goncalo. "An evaluation of IMF structural adjustment programmes : lessons for South Africa". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002668.

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The mixed results of International Monetary Fund structural adjustment programmes in less developed countries are a major motivation for this research. Explanations must be advanced as to what may inhibit the success of such programmes. South Africa has often found itself in a precarious position- with a deteriorating balance of payments, a position similar to other countries that have accepted IMF loans. Furthermore, South Africa undertook an IMF loan in 1993. Financial support from the IMF incorporates structural adjustment programmes. These may include measures such as tighter monetary policy, reduction in the budget deficit, exchange rate devaluation and ceilings on domestic credit with increased interest rates (Ferguson, 1988). These policies illustrate the principle of ‘conditionality,’ whereby access to further loans is conditional on certain criteria being met, such as reduced budget deficits and inflation rates. The principle of conditionality has met with a great deal of criticism. Bacha (1987) and Dell (1982) argue that these aggregate demand-reducing conditions more often than not stagnate domestic economies, worsening the balance of payment and result in programme breakdowns. Essentially, they refer to the IMF conditions as ‘unrealistic.’ The IMF denies this, arguing that shortfalls are mainly due to a lack of political commitment to carry out its conditions (Winters, 1994). This issue of conditionality will be examined in detail, using three specific case studies. The aim of this study is to examine the characteristics of Brazil, Mexico and Zambia to see whether or not the IMF programmes were successful. Guidelines will be established for South African policy from these case studies. South Africa is trying to adjust to the competitiveness of the international economy. At the same time, the need for reconstruction and development exerts increasing pressures on the balance of payments. Guidelines are established for a successful economic adjustment for South Africa. The research concludes that South Africa is certainly in line for a successful transformation. The rigidities are not as extensive as has been the case in Brazil and Zambia. Institutionally, South Africa is sound. However there are still challenges in this area, such as export diversification and economic stability to attract foreign investment.

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Rohullah, Bayat. "The prospect of economic adjustment policies in Argentina and Turkey : Examination of IMF Programmes". Thesis, University of Bath, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522919.

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Makan, Amita. "The impact of structural adjustment programmes upon the political economy of Zambia: a critical analysis". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003010.

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This study begins with a statistical survey setting out the parameters of Zambia's socio-economic decline in the 1980s. In order to unravel the complex reasons for the crisis, the study develops and employs an historical structural framework which emphasises the interconnectedness of historical, political, economic and social processes . Thereafter, an explanation of Zambia's political and economic development is presented as a background for understanding how and why the IMF came to play an increasingly decisive role in the management of the economic crisis in the 1980s. It is argued that patron-client politics in conjunction with a 'coincidence of interests' between local elite and international capital, entrenched the distorted mono-export dependent economy which, in turn, accelerated the economic decline and debt crisis of the 1980s. After presenting an overview of the Fund's philosophy and objectives, close attention is paid to the impact of SAPs on Zambia, especially in terms of how such policies as subsidy withdrawal, de-regulation and devaluation affected the economy, debt-reduction, health and education. While there is no incontrovertible evidence that adjustment policies caused the crisis, they have been largely ineffective in reversing Zambia's economic decline. In fact, due to the IMF's ahistorical and apolitical approach, any gains have been ephemeral and, in many instances, served to exacerbate the suffering of the population. Finally, Zambia's political structures have proved unable and unwilling to implement IMF reforms consistently and this underlies the central point that SAPs, as a strategy, cannot ensure long-term sustainable development.

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Mais fontes

Livros sobre o assunto "Economic Adjustment Programme"

Tanzania. Wizara ya Mipango na Uchumi. Structural adjustment programme for Tanzania. Daar es Salaam: Ministry of Planning and Economic Affairs, 1985.

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Tanzania. Wizara ya Mipango na Uchumi. Structural adjustment programme for Tanzania. Dar es Salaam: The Ministry, 1986.

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Akande, S. O. Poultry industry under structural adjustment programme. Ibadan: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research (NISER), 1992.

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Akinyele, T. A. Budgeting under structural adjustment programme in Nigeria. Ibadan: Bolayele Commercial Press, 1988.

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Akanji, Bola. Cocoa marketing under Nigeria's structural adjustment programme. Ibadan: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1992.

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Ihimodu, Ifeyori I. The structural adjustment programme and Nigeria's agricultural development. Ibadan, Nigeria: National Centre for Economic Management and Administration, 1993.

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Hamid, Tabatabai, ed. Development and adjustment: Stabilization, structural adjustment, and UNDP policy. New York: United Nations Development Programme, 1989.

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Asibuo, Samuel K. Effects of structural adjustment programme on housing. [Accra]: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, 1994.

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Olomola, Ade. Rubber and fishery industries under structural adjustment programme. Ibadan: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research (NISER), 1992.

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Kadenge, P. G. Zimbabwe's Structural Adjustment Programme: The first year experience. Harare: SAPES Books, 1992.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Economic Adjustment Programme"

Mavridakis, Theofanis, Dimitrios Dovas e Spiridoula Bravou. "Failure Factors of the Economic Adjustment Programme for Greece". In Economy, Finance and Business in Southeastern and Central Europe, 143–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70377-0_10.

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Perrings, Charles. "The Adjustment Programme and the Perverse Effects of Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa". In Economic Development and World Debt, 321–34. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20044-3_25.

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Plowiec, Urszula. "Poland: The Adjustment Programme". In Economics and Politics of Transition, 295–306. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12923-2_20.

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Palmer, Ingrid. "Gender Equity and Economic Efficiency in Adjustment Programmes". In Women and Adjustment Policies in the Third World, 69–83. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11961-5_4.

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Hutchful, Eboe. "From ‘Revolution’ to Monetarism: The Economics and Politics of the Adjustment Programme in Ghana". In Structural Adjustment in Africa, 92–131. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20398-7_5.

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Jamal, Vali. "Adjustment Programmes and Adjustment: Confronting the New Parameters of African Economies". In Structural Adjustment and Rural Labour Markets in Africa, 1–37. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23820-0_1.

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Mavroudeas, Stavros. "Troika’s Economic Adjustment Programmes for Greece: Why They Fail Systematically?" In Economy, Finance and Business in Southeastern and Central Europe, 83–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70377-0_6.

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Harvey, Charles. "Constraints on Sustained Recovery from Economic Disaster in Africa". In Constraints on the Success of Structural Adjustment Programmes in Africa, 130–51. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24373-0_7.

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Mavroudeas, Stavros. "Troika’s Economic Adjustment Programmes for Greece: Why Do They Systematically Fail?" In The Internal Impact and External Influence of the Greek Financial Crisis, 23–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60201-1_3.

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Chiwele, Dennis. "Economic Adjustment, the Mining Sector and the Real Wage in Zambia". In Constraints on the Success of Structural Adjustment Programmes in Africa, 210–33. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24373-0_11.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Economic Adjustment Programme"

Rasulev, Alisher. "National Features of Economic Policy in the Global Crisis and Post-Crisis Period". In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c02.00366.

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The main feature of present stage in global economic system development is the overcome of global financial crisis and global financial architecture reformation, which requires anti-crisis adjustment in monetary policy. There are two important issue related to realization of anti-crisis program: the relation of anti-crisis policy nature and purpose to national economic development strategy and final aim of economic policy. The second important issue is elimination of contradictions between national policy (interests) and global values. The given article focuses on the features of national economy development on conditions of world economic crisis and the post crisis period, the role of government as the basic actor in economy management, the principal direction of the anti-crisis program and measures of Uzbekistan.

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Dias, Paulo, e Inna Paiva. "Are auditors attenuate earnings management in private companies? The effect of economic adjustment programmes". In 2018 13th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/cisti.2018.8399457.

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Pirimbaev, Jusup. "Preconditions of Entering of Kyrgyzstan into the Eurasian Economic Union". In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01443.

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In May 2015, Kyrgyzstan became a member of the Eurasian Economic Union, participation in which requires regulation of the economy, taking into account the goals and objectives of the Union. Today Kyrgyzstan is interested in the future of its membership in the EAEU: can we radically change the economic situation in the country and the structure of the economy. Kyrgyzstan's economy requires coordination with external actors in terms of domestic consumption and increasing export potential. To achieve this it is necessary: first, to develop a reasonable program of development of the industry, including the formation of large enterprises and their balanced arrangement in accordance with the level of productive forces; secondly, to make adjustments to the work of the construction sector in the building of not only housing complex, but also the development of infrastructure in all regions of the country and, thirdly, to follow the path of consolidation of the agricultural enterprises based on specialization, taking into account the export interests of Kyrgyzstan.

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Chen, Yewei, e Zhenhua Han. "Bilingual Economics Education for Business Schools in Running Chinese-Foreign Cooperation Programme: A Perspective of Cross Culture Adjustment". In 2011 International Conference on Management and Service Science (MASS 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmss.2011.5999244.

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Zdraveski, Dejan, Margarita Janeska, Kosta Sotiroski e Gjorgji Manceski. "STUDENT’S PERCEPTIONS ON BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES OF USING GOOGLE CLOUD-BASED TOOLS FOR E-LEARNING". In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2020.0024.

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The introduction of innovations in traditional education systems has imposed the need for adjustments and changes to the entire education system and its participants. The most important moment in the evolution of educational systems is the emergence of e-learning platforms as a result of the growing importance of lifelong learning and their integration into traditional educational environments. Especially nowadays, when the world is facing with the pandemic of Covid 19, the importance of the e-learning process and the use of distance learning platforms comes to the fore. The Faculty of Economics in Prilep is adapting to the new situation. For the realization of the process of distance learning were used the tools of Google, i.e. the G Suite cloud-based tools, such as Google Meet, Google Classroom, Gmail, Google Sheets, Google Docs, Google Drive etc. In this paper we will explore the perceptions of students at the Faculty of Economics in Prilep in terms of the benefits provided by these tools and the challenges faced by students in such a new situation where teaching took place completely on-line. For that purpose, a survey was conducted in which students from all study years were included. In this paper will be presented a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the obtained answers through the survey. The questionnaire was created with Google Forms and was delivered to students through the e mail. The main aim of this paper is to detect student’s perceptions of the use of cloud-based elearning tools. In the future, when creating and accrediting study programs, the recommendations contained in this paper could be taken into account in order to introduce elearning as a one of the possible ways for realization of educational process.

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Dunbar, Samuel, e Scott Ferguson. "The Impact of Consumer Preference Distributions on Dynamic Electricity Pricing for Residential Demand Response". In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-98219.

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Abstract Demand Response (DR) is the adjustment of consumer electricity demand through the deployment of one or more strategies, e.g. direct load control, policy implementation, dynamic pricing, or other economic incentives. Widespread implementation of DR is a promising solution for addressing energy challenges such as the integration of intermittent renewable energy resources, reducing capacity cost, and improving grid reliability. Understanding residential consumer preferences for shifting product usage and how these preferences are distributed amongst a population are key to predicting the effectiveness of different DR strategies. In addition, there is a need for a better understanding of how different DR programs, system level objectives, and preference distributions will impact different segments of consumers within a population. Specifically, the impacts on their product use behavior and electricity bill. To address this challenge, a product based approach to modeling consumer decisions about altering their electricity consumption is proposed, which links consumer value to their products, instead of directly to the amount of electricity they consume. This model is then used to demonstrate how population level preference distributions for altering product use impact system level objectives.

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Salmenpera¨, Pekka, Juha Miettinen e Tapio Ma¨a¨tta¨. "Diagnosis of Heat Leveler by Vibration Signature Monitoring". In ASME 2002 Engineering Technology Conference on Energy. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/etce2002/struc-29161.

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A heat leveler machine can create valuable economical losses in fault situations. By applying on-line monitoring of the vibration signatures, the machine can be followed continuously and the changes in the process and in condition of the mahcine can be detected immediately. The on-line monitoring consists of the on-line adjustment of drive parameters as well as quality control. Generally several kinds of different sensor types are applied into the system. On-line monitoring of rolling bearings usually includes vibration measurement sensors. A heat leveler operates at differnt speeds and loads and the direction of process can be reversed during run. The reliability of the results of the on-line monitoring can be increased by measuring simultaneously different parameters that influence on the vibration of the machine. This method is called multi-parameter monitoring. This paper focuses on the possibilities of on-line monitoring of the support bearings in a metal slab heat leveler by vibration measurements. The leveler is equipped with vibration sensors of low frequencies as well as high frequency acoustic emission sensors. The main issue is experimenting different kind of signal processing methods and optimal procedures are then programmed to the on-line monitoring computer. The measurements in this study were performed in industrial circumstances, in a steel mill. The test machine was a heat leveler machine in normal industrial usage. A method of varying limit values is presented. For this, acoustic emission and acceleration rms-signals are applied. Values are determined by the forces in the leveling cylinders. Forces correspond to the deformation resistance of the steel plates.

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Gu, Yulei, Honglong Zheng, Yufeng Yang, Lijian Zhou, Huabing Zhang e Yi Li. "Study on Pipeline Integrity Management Performance Evaluation Techniques and its Application in China Pipeline Companies". In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90179.

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Nowadays, more and more pipeline operators vigorously promote the implementation of integrity management programs (IMPs for short) in order to improve the integrity of their pipeline systems. But how can the operators measure the performance of their pipeline IMPs? In other words, how can the operators evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of their programs so as to make continuous improvement? The regulations and standards of pipeline integrity management just gave some requirements and recommendations on performance measurement, but no specific methods were presented. Normally, the pipeline operators measured the performance of IMPs on the base of their management objectives and local regulations’ requirements. The paper introduced the methodology and achievements of pipeline integrity management performance evaluation work conducted in PetroChina Pipeline Company. Considering the company’s specific integrity management goals and objectives, the metrics were established and applied to evaluate whether those goals had been achieved or not, and found out the shortage of the IMP for giving suggestions for improvement. Considering the input and output parameters of IMP, the performance measures system was set up. The input parameters included the input of workforce, facilities and other investments. The output parameters indicated the output of IMP, such as the accomplishment of the objectives, the quality of the work and the safety improvement through IMP. In order to clearly define the input and output parameters of IMP, the IMP was divided into nine parts, such as data management, high consequences areas identification, risk assessment, integrity assessment, corrosion prevention, defect repair, geo-hazards control, pipeline patrol, pipeline security. For each part, considering the management objectives, the “input-output” parameters metrics were set to measure the performance. In order to see the performance of IMP from a macroscopic perspective, a simplified index system was built which mainly focused on the safety improvement such as the number of leakage, failures, accidents and economic loss. The grading performance evaluation system could conveniently meet the different focus of different levels managers. In addition, in order to eliminate the influence of the different management difficulties to the performance of IMP, the paper built a set of adjustment factors to modify the investment parameters to make sure the evaluation results more objective and fair. At last, the paper showed the application results of the IMP performance evaluation conducted in PetroChina Pipeline Company and its branches.

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Pandey, Vibhas J., Sameer Ganpule e Steven Dewar. "Optimization of Coal Seam Connectivity via Multi-Seam Pinpoint Fracturing Operations in the Walloons Coal Measures, Surat Basin". In SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204190-ms.

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Abstract The Walloons coal measures located in Surat Basin (eastern Australia) is a well-known coal seam gas play that has been under production for several years. The well completion in this play is primarily driven by coal permeability which varies from 1 Darcy or more in regions with significant natural fractures to less than 1md in areas with underdeveloped cleat networks. For an economic development of the latter, fracturing treatment designs that effectively stimulate numerous and often thin coals seams, and enhance inter-seam connectivity, are a clear choice. Fracture stimulation of Surat basin coals however has its own challenges given their unique geologic and geomechanical features that include (a) low net to gross ratio of ~0.1 in nearly 300 m (984.3 ft) of gross interval, (b) on average 60 seams per well ranging from 0.4 m to 3 m in thickness, (c) non-gas bearing and reactive interburden, and (d) stress regimes that vary as a function of depth. To address these challenges, low rate, low viscosity, and high proppant concentration coiled tubing (CT) conveyed pinpoint stimulation methods were introduced basin-wide after successful technology pilots in 2015 (Pandey and Flottmann 2015). This novel stimulation technique led to noticeable improvements in the well performance, but also highlighted the areas that could be improved – especially stage spacing and standoff, perforation strategy, and number of stages, all aimed at maximizing coal coverage during well stimulation. This paper summarizes the findings from a 6-well multi-stage stimulation pilot aimed at studying fracture geometries to improve standoff efficiency and maximizing coal connectivity amongst various coal seams of Walloons coal package. In the design matrix that targeted shallow (300 to 600 m) gas-bearing coal seams, the stimulation treatments varied in volume, injection rate, proppant concentration, fluid type, perforation spacing, and standoff between adjacent stages. Treatment designs were simulated using a field-data calibrated, log-based stress model. After necessary adjustments in the field, the treatments were pumped down the CT at injection rates ranging from 12 to 16 bbl/min (0.032 to 0.042 m3/s). Post-stimulation modeling and history-matching using numerical simulators showed the dependence of fracture growth not only on pumping parameters, but also on depth. Shallower stages showed a strong propensity of limited growth which was corroborated by additional field measurements and previous work in the field (Kirk-Burnnand et al. 2015). These and other such observations led to revision of early guidelines on standoff and was considered a major step that now enabled a cost-effective inclusion of additional coal seams in the stimulation program. The learnings from the pilot study were implemented on development wells and can potentially also serve as a template for similar pinpoint completions worldwide.

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"Influence Factors on the Adoption of a Financial Application [Abstract]". In InSITE 2019: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Jerusalem. Informing Science Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4273.

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Aim/Purpose: Today more and more transactions and acquisitions are controlled directly from mobile devices, especially smartphones applications. Previous studies have examined the adoption of financial applications based on a single theory as a theoretical basis. In order to examine the phenomenon in a wider way, we used in this study two theories as a theoretical basis. Background: It is important to define the main technological and psychological factors that affect the choice of potential customers to adopt or prefer financial applications. By combining two theories in the study, we expanded the examination of the phenomenon of adopting financial technology. Methodology: The study questionnaire was based on two questionnaires from previous studies. The questionnaire was tested on a focus group and certain adjustments were made based on the feedback. Thereupon, the questionnaire was sent online via social media. A total of 497 questionnaires were received, 402 were filled correctly and found suitable for statistical analysis. The statistical analysis included Alpha Cronbach Test, Pearson correlation test, and linear regression. Contribution: By combining DIT theory (Diffusion of Innovative Technology) suggested by Rogers, and TAM model (Technology Acceptance Model) presented by Davis, we expanding our understanding of the technological and psychological factors affecting financial application validation. Finding the influencing factors can help develop and implement future financial applications. Banks will be able to develop applications that truly meet the needs, desires and concerns of their target customers, thus able to save costs and improve their services to their customers. Findings: Six factors were tested in this study: relative advantage, complexity, compatibility, observability, experiencing, and perceived risk. The main findings showed significant negative correlation between age and relative advantage, so that as the age of the user increased the relative advantage decreased. In addition, a significant positive correlation was found between age and observability, so that as the age of the user increased the observability decreased. Also was found a significant negative correlation between age and the variable adoption of a financial application, so that as the age of the subject increases the financial application adoption decreases. No significant correlation was found between age and compatibility, complexity, relative risk. In addition, a significant positive correlation was found between the numbers of months of experience that the bank offers to the customers to the positive decision to adopt a financial application. No significant correlation was found between the demographic variables, education and wages, and financial application adoption. The regression analysis led to a significant result, so that the variables together explain 69.3% adoption of financial application. According to the research hypothesis, the relative advantage, compatibility, experiencing, and observability have the most significant positive effect on financial application adoption. Recommendations for Practitioners: We recommend programmers to focus on meeting the customers’ needs that best match the criteria delineated above. In addition, by understanding the influencing factors, marketers should use these criteria to reduce the psychological concerns of customers that delay the adoption of a financial application. Recommendations for Researchers: Since financial applications are becoming more useful as financial transfers, other behavioral aspects that influence the adoption of technology should be examined. We recommend conducting further research based on behavioral, economic, and technological theories. Impact on Society: A better understanding of the influencing factors will derive a better planning and development of financial applications, regarding the three most significant factors: relative advantage, compatibility, and observability. This process will result better and wider adoption of financial applications by customers, and will bring more customers to use financial transfers by smartphones. Future Research: Other studies can be used other theoretical basis for research; to examine specific populations, for example, in terms of older populations; to examine cultural and social influences factors on the adoption of financial applications.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Economic Adjustment Programme"

Valencia, Óscar M., Matheo Arellano e Matilde Angarita. The New Fiscal Normal: Vaccinations, Debt, and Fiscal Adjustment in Emerging Economies. Inter-American Development Bank, setembro de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003617.

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What is the potential impact of vaccination programs and different fiscal adjustment scenarios on countries after suffering the macro-fiscal effects of the pandemic? We calibrate a DSGE model with an epidemiological module for the average Latin American and Caribbean economy that uses fiscal policy and vaccination to contain these effects. We nd that there is a trade-off in the application of one of these policies. Focusing on vaccination has a high return in saving lives and improving economic growth but a lower fiscal adjustment. We conclude that simultaneous vaccination and fiscal reform is a successful policy combination that helps countries mitigate the health effects of the pandemic, reduce the economic cost of fiscal policy, and move toward a path of fiscal consolidation.

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